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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<title>UTF-8 Sampler</title>
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<META http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">


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<META name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">


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<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="/kermit.css">


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<LINK REL="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" >


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<LINK REL="icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">


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<LINK REL="icon" type="image/ico" href="/favicon.ico"> 


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<style type="text/css">


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  blockquote { margin-left:8px; margin-right:8px; font-size:90% }


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  body { font-size:15px;


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         font-family:calibri, arial narrow, arial, sans-serif, times;


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         color:black;


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         background:white;


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         margin:16px;    


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  }


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  tt { font-size:94% }


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</style>


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</head>


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<body>


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<h1><tt>UTF-8 SAMPLER</tt></h1>


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<big><big>&nbsp;&nbsp;¥&nbsp;·&nbsp;£&nbsp;·&nbsp;€&nbsp;·&nbsp;$&nbsp;·&nbsp;¢&nbsp;·&nbsp;₡&nbsp;·&nbsp;₢&nbsp;·&nbsp;₣&nbsp;·&nbsp;₤&nbsp;·&nbsp;₥&nbsp;·&nbsp;₦&nbsp;·&nbsp;₧&nbsp;·&nbsp;₨&nbsp;·&nbsp;₩&nbsp;·&nbsp;₪&nbsp;·&nbsp;₫&nbsp;·&nbsp;₭&nbsp;·&nbsp;₮&nbsp;·&nbsp;₯&nbsp;·&nbsp;&#8377</big></big>


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<p>


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<blockquote>


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Frank da Cruz<br>


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<a href="index.html">The Kermit Project</a><br>


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New York City<br>


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<a href="mailto:fdc@kermitproject.org">fdc@kermitproject.org</a>


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<p>


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<i>Last update:</i>


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Thu Sep 15 14:00:00 2016


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</blockquote>


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<p>


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<hr>


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[&nbsp;<a href="http://www.columbia.edu/~fdc/pace/">PEACE</a>&nbsp;]


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[&nbsp;<a href="#poetry">Poetry</a>&nbsp;]


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[&nbsp;<a href="#glass">I Can Eat Glass</a>&nbsp;]


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[&nbsp;<a href="#quickbrownfox">Pangrams</a>&nbsp;]


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[&nbsp;<a href="#html">HTML Features</a>&nbsp;]


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[&nbsp;<a href="#credits">Credits, Tools, Commentary</a>&nbsp;]


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<p>


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<big><big>U</big>TF-8</big> is an ASCII-preserving encoding method for


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<a href="unicode.html">Unicode</a> (ISO 10646), the Universal Character Set


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(UCS).  The UCS encodes most of the world's writing systems in a single


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character set, allowing you to mix languages and scripts within a document


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without needing any tricks for switching character sets.  This web page is


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encoded directly in UTF-8.


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<p>


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As shown <a href="glass.html">HERE</a>,


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Columbia University's <a href="k95.html">Kermit 95</a> terminal emulation


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software can display UTF-8 plain text in Windows 95, 98, ME, NT, XP, Vista,


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or Windows 7/8/10 when using a monospace Unicode font like <a


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href="http://www.monotype.com">Andale Mono WT J</a> or <a


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href="http://www.evertype.com/emono/">Everson Mono Terminal</a>, or the lesser


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populated Courier New, Lucida Console, or Andale Mono.  <a


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href="ckermit.html">C-Kermit</a> can handle it too,


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<a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html">if you have a Unicode


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display</a>.  As many languages as are representable in your font can be seen


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on the screen at the same time.


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<p>


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This, however, is a Web page, which started out as a kind of stress test for


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UTF-8 support in Web browsers, which was spotty when this page was first


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created in the 1990s but which has become standard in all modern browsers.


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The problem now is mainly the fonts and the browser's (or font's) support


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for the nonzero Unicode planes (as in, e.g., the <a href="#braille">Braille</a>


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and <a href="#gothic">Gothic</a> examples


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below).  And to some extent the rendition of combining sequences,


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right-to-left rendition (<a href="#arabic">Arabic</a>,


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<a href="#hebrew">Hebrew</a>), and so


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on.  <a href="http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/fonts.html">CLICK HERE</a> for


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a survey of Unicode fonts for Windows.


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<p>


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The subtitle above shows currency symbols of many lands.  If they don't


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appear as blobs, we're off to a good start!  (The one on the end is the


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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rupee_sign">new Indian Rupee


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sign</a> which won't show up in fonts for a while.)


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<h3><a name="poetry">Poetry</a></h3>


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From the Anglo-Saxon <a href="http://www.ragweedforge.com/poems.html"><cite>Rune Poem</cite></a> (Rune version):


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<p><blockquote>


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  ᚠᛇᚻ᛫ᛒᛦᚦ᛫ᚠᚱᚩᚠᚢᚱ᛫ᚠᛁᚱᚪ᛫ᚷᛖᚻᚹᛦᛚᚳᚢᛗ<br>


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  ᛋᚳᛖᚪᛚ᛫ᚦᛖᚪᚻ᛫ᛗᚪᚾᚾᚪ᛫ᚷᛖᚻᚹᛦᛚᚳ᛫ᛗᛁᚳᛚᚢᚾ᛫ᚻᛦᛏ᛫ᛞᚫᛚᚪᚾ<br>


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  ᚷᛁᚠ᛫ᚻᛖ᛫ᚹᛁᛚᛖ᛫ᚠᚩᚱ᛫ᛞᚱᛁᚻᛏᚾᛖ᛫ᛞᚩᛗᛖᛋ᛫ᚻᛚᛇᛏᚪᚾ᛬<br>


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</blockquote>


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<p>


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From Laȝamon's<i> <a href="http://mesl.itd.umich.edu/b/brut/">Brut</a></i>


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(<i>The Chronicles of England</i>, Middle English, West Midlands):


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<p>


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<blockquote>


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An preost wes on leoden, Laȝamon was ihoten<br>


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He wes Leovenaðes sone -- liðe him be Drihten.<br>


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He wonede at Ernleȝe at æðelen are chirechen,<br>


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Uppen Sevarne staþe, sel þar him þuhte,<br>


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Onfest Radestone, þer he bock radde.


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</blockquote>


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<p>


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(The third letter in the author's name is Yogh, missing from many fonts;


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<a href="st-erkenwald.html">CLICK HERE</a> for another Middle English sample


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with some explanation of letters and encoding).


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<p>


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From the <cite>Tagelied</cite> of 


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<a href="http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/autoren/eschenba.htm">


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<b>Wolfram von Eschenbach</b></a> (Middle High German):


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<p><blockquote>


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Sîne klâwen durh die wolken sint geslagen,<br>


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er stîget ûf mit grôzer kraft,<br>


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ich sih in grâwen tägelîch als er wil tagen,<br>


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den tac, der im geselleschaft<br>


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erwenden wil, dem werden man,<br>


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den ich mit sorgen în verliez.<br>


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ich bringe in hinnen, ob ich kan.<br>


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sîn vil manegiu tugent michz leisten hiez.<br>


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</blockquote><p>


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Some lines of 


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<a href="http://users.hol.gr/~artemis/odysseas_elytis.htm">


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<b>Odysseus Elytis</b></a> (Greek):


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<blockquote>


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<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>


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<tr>


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<td valign="top" style="padding-right:16">


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Monotonic:


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<p>


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Τη γλώσσα μου έδωσαν ελληνική<br>


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το σπίτι φτωχικό στις αμμουδιές του Ομήρου.<br>


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Μονάχη έγνοια η γλώσσα μου στις αμμουδιές του Ομήρου.<br>


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<p>


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από το Άξιον Εστί<br>


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του Οδυσσέα Ελύτη


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<td valign="top">


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Polytonic:


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<p>


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Τὴ γλῶσσα μοῦ ἔδωσαν ἑλληνικὴ<br/>


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τὸ σπίτι φτωχικὸ στὶς ἀμμουδιὲς τοῦ Ὁμήρου.<br/>


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Μονάχη ἔγνοια ἡ γλῶσσα μου στὶς ἀμμουδιὲς τοῦ Ὁμήρου.<br/>


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<p>


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ἀπὸ τὸ Ἄξιον ἐστί<br/>


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τοῦ Ὀδυσσέα Ἐλύτη<br/>


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</table>


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</blockquote>


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<p>


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The first stanza of 


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<a href="http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/%7Eleong/Russkaya%20Literatura/Aleksandr%20Sergeevich%20Pushkin.htm"><b>Pushkin</b></a>'s <cite>Bronze Horseman</cite> (Russian):<br>


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<p><blockquote>


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На берегу пустынных волн<br>


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Стоял он, дум великих полн,<br>


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И вдаль глядел.  Пред ним широко<br>


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Река неслася; бедный чёлн<br>


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По ней стремился одиноко.<br>


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По мшистым, топким берегам<br>


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Чернели избы здесь и там,<br>


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Приют убогого чухонца;<br>


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И лес, неведомый лучам<br>


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В тумане спрятанного солнца,<br>


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Кругом шумел.<br>


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</blockquote><p>


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<a href="http://www.compling.hu-berlin.de/~johannes/mxedruli/"><b>Šota Rustaveli</b></a>'s Veṗxis Ṭq̇aosani,


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̣︡Th, <cite>The Knight in the Tiger's Skin</cite> (Georgian):<p>


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<blockquote>


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ვეპხის ტყაოსანი


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შოთა რუსთაველი


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<p>


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ღმერთსი შემვედრე, ნუთუ კვლა დამხსნას სოფლისა შრომასა,


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ცეცხლს, წყალსა და მიწასა, ჰაერთა თანა მრომასა;


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მომცნეს ფრთენი და აღვფრინდე, მივჰხვდე მას ჩემსა ნდომასა,


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დღისით და ღამით ვჰხედვიდე მზისა ელვათა კრთომაასა.


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</blockquote>


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<p>


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Tamil poetry of Subramaniya Bharathiyar:


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சுப்ரமணிய பாரதியார் (1882-1921):


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<p>


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<blockquote>


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யாமறிந்த மொழிகளிலே தமிழ்மொழி போல் இனிதாவது எங்கும் காணோம், <br>


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பாமரராய் விலங்குகளாய், உலகனைத்தும் இகழ்ச்சிசொலப் பான்மை கெட்டு, <br>


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நாமமது தமிழரெனக் கொண்டு இங்கு வாழ்ந்திடுதல் நன்றோ? சொல்லீர்!<br>


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தேமதுரத் தமிழோசை உலகமெலாம் பரவும்வகை செய்தல் வேண்டும்.


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</blockquote>


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<p>


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Kannada poetry by Kuvempu &mdash; ಬಾ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಸಂಭವಿಸು


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<p>


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<blockquote>


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ಬಾ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಸಂಭವಿಸು ಇಂದೆನ್ನ ಹೃದಯದಲಿ


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<br>


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ನಿತ್ಯವೂ ಅವತರಿಪ ಸತ್ಯಾವತಾರ


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<p>


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ಮಣ್ಣಾಗಿ ಮರವಾಗಿ ಮಿಗವಾಗಿ ಕಗವಾಗೀ...


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<br>


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ಮಣ್ಣಾಗಿ ಮರವಾಗಿ ಮಿಗವಾಗಿ ಕಗವಾಗಿ


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<br>


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ಭವ ಭವದಿ ಭತಿಸಿಹೇ ಭವತಿ ದೂರ


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<br>


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ನಿತ್ಯವೂ ಅವತರಿಪ ಸತ್ಯಾವತಾರ || ಬಾ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ||


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</blockquote>


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<h3><a name="glass">I Can Eat Glass</a></h3>


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And from the sublime to the ridiculous, here is a


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<a href="#notes">certain phrase&sup1;</a> in an assortment of languages:


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<p>


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<ol>


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<li><b>Sanskrit</b>: काचं शक्नोम्यत्तुम् । नोपहिनस्ति माम् ॥


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<li><b>Sanskrit</b> <i>(standard transcription):</i> kācaṃ śaknomyattum; nopahinasti mām.


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<li><b>Classical Greek</b>: ὕαλον ϕαγεῖν δύναμαι· τοῦτο οὔ με βλάπτει.


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<li><b>Greek</b> (monotonic): Μπορώ να φάω σπασμένα γυαλιά χωρίς να πάθω τίποτα.


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<li><b>Greek</b> (polytonic): Μπορῶ νὰ φάω σπασμένα γυαλιὰ χωρὶς νὰ πάθω τίποτα.


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<br><b>Etruscan</b>: (NEEDED)


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<li><b>Latin</b>:  Vitrum edere possum; mihi non nocet.


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<li><b>Old French</b>: Je puis mangier del voirre.  Ne me nuit.


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<li><b>French</b>: Je peux manger du verre, ça ne me fait pas <!--de--> mal.


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<li><b>Provençal / Occitan</b>: Pòdi manjar de veire, me nafrariá pas.


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<li><b>Québécois</b>: J'peux manger d'la vitre, ça m'fa pas mal.


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<li><b>Walloon</b>: Dji pou magnî do vêre, çoula m' freut nén må.


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<br><b>Champenois</b>: (NEEDED)


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<br><b>Lorrain</b>: (NEEDED)


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<li><b>Picard</b>: Ch'peux mingi du verre, cha m'foé mie n'ma.


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<br><b>Corsican/Corsu</b>: (NEEDED)


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<br><b>J&egrave;rriais</b>: (NEEDED)


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<li><b>Kreyòl Ayisyen</b> (Hait&iuml;):    Mwen kap manje vè, li pa blese'm.


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<li><b>Basque</b>: Kristala jan dezaket, ez dit minik ematen.


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<li><b>Catalan / Català</b>: Puc menjar vidre, que no em fa mal.


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<li><b>Spanish</b>: Puedo comer vidrio, no me hace daño.


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<li><b>Aragon&eacute;s</b>: Puedo minchar beire, no me'n fa mal .


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<br><b>Aran&eacute;s</b>: (NEEDED)


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<br><b>Mallorquín</b>: (NEEDED)


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<li><b>Galician</b>: Eu podo xantar cristais e non cortarme.


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<li><b>European Portuguese</b>: Posso comer vidro, não me faz mal.


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<li><b>Brazilian Portuguese</b> (<a href="#notes">8</a>):


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 Posso comer vidro, não me machuca.


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<li><b>Caboverdiano/Kabuverdianu</b> (Cape Verde): M' podê cumê vidru, ca ta maguâ-m'.


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<li><b>Papiamentu</b>: Ami por kome glas anto e no ta hasimi daño.


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<li><b>Italian</b>:  Posso mangiare il vetro e non mi fa male.


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<li><b>Milanese</b>: Sôn bôn de magnà el véder, el me fa minga mal.


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<li><b>Roman</b>: Me posso magna' er vetro, e nun me fa male.


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<li><b>Napoletano</b>: M' pozz magna' o'vetr, e nun m' fa mal.


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<li><b>Venetian</b>: Mi posso magnare el vetro, no'l me fa mae.


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<li><b>Zeneise</b> <i>(Genovese):</i> Pòsso mangiâ o veddro e o no me fà mâ.


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<li><b>Sicilian</b>: Puotsu mangiari u vitru, nun mi fa mali.


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<br><b>Campinadese</b> (Sardinia): (NEEDED)


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<br><b>Lugudorese</b> (Sardinia): (NEEDED)


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<li><b>Romansch (Grischun)</b>: Jau sai mangiar vaider, senza che quai fa donn a mai.


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<br><b>Romany / Tsigane</b>: (NEEDED)


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<li><b>Romanian</b>: Pot să mănânc sticlă și ea nu mă rănește.


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<li><b>Esperanto</b>: Mi povas manĝi vitron, ĝi ne damaĝas min.


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<br><b>Pictish</b>: (NEEDED)


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<br><b>Breton</b>: (NEEDED)


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<li><b>Cornish</b>: Mý a yl dybry gwéder hag éf ny wra ow ankenya.


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<li><b>Welsh</b>: Dw i'n gallu bwyta gwydr, 'dyw e ddim yn gwneud dolur i mi.


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<li><b>Manx Gaelic</b>: Foddym gee glonney agh cha jean eh gortaghey mee.


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<li><b>Old Irish</b> <i>(Ogham):</i> ᚛᚛ᚉᚑᚅᚔᚉᚉᚔᚋ ᚔᚈᚔ ᚍᚂᚐᚅᚑ ᚅᚔᚋᚌᚓᚅᚐ᚜


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<li><b>Old Irish</b> <i>(Latin):</i> Con·iccim ithi nglano. Ním·géna.


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<li><b>Irish</b>: Is féidir liom gloinne a ithe. Ní dhéanann sí dochar ar bith dom.


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<li><b>Ulster Gaelic</b>: Ithim-sa gloine agus ní miste damh é.


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<li><b>Scottish Gaelic</b>: S urrainn dhomh gloinne ithe; cha ghoirtich i mi.


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<li><b>Anglo-Saxon</b> <i>(Runes):</i>


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ᛁᚳ᛫ᛗᚨᚷ᛫ᚷᛚᚨᛋ᛫ᛖᚩᛏᚪᚾ᛫ᚩᚾᛞ᛫ᚻᛁᛏ᛫ᚾᛖ᛫ᚻᛖᚪᚱᛗᛁᚪᚧ᛫ᛗᛖ᛬


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<li><b>Anglo-Saxon</b> <i>(Latin):</i> Ic mæg glæs eotan ond hit ne hearmiað me.


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<li><b>Middle English</b>: Ich canne glas eten and hit hirtiþ me nouȝt.


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<li><b>English</b>: I can eat glass and it doesn't hurt me.


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<li><b>English</b> <i>(IPA):</i> [aɪ kæn iːt glɑːs ænd ɪt dɐz nɒt hɜːt miː] (Received Pronunciation)


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<li id="braille"><b>English</b> <i>(Braille):</i> ⠊⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠑⠁⠞⠀⠛⠇⠁⠎⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠙⠕⠑⠎⠝⠞⠀⠓⠥⠗⠞⠀⠍⠑


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<li><b>Jamaican</b>: Mi kian niam glas han i neba hot mi.


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<li><b>Lalland Scots / Doric</b>: Ah can eat gless, it disnae hurt us.


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<br><b>Glaswegian</b>: (NEEDED)


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<li id="gothic"><b>Gothic</b> (<a href="#notes">4</a>):


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𐌼𐌰𐌲


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𐌲𐌻𐌴𐍃


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𐌹̈𐍄𐌰𐌽,


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𐌽𐌹


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𐌼𐌹𐍃


332  
𐍅𐌿


333  
𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽


334  
𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌸.


335  
<li><b>Old Norse</b> <i>(Runes):</i>  ᛖᚴ ᚷᛖᛏ ᛖᛏᛁ


336  
ᚧ ᚷᛚᛖᚱ ᛘᚾ 


337  
ᚦᛖᛋᛋ ᚨᚧ ᚡᛖ


338  
ᚱᚧᚨ ᛋᚨᚱ


339  


340  
<li><b>Old Norse</b> <i>(Latin):</i>  Ek get etið gler án þess að verða sár.


341  


342  
<li><b>Norsk / Norwegian (Nynorsk):</b> Eg kan eta glas utan å skada meg.


343  
<li><b>Norsk / Norwegian (Bokmål):</b> Jeg kan spise glass uten å skade meg.


344  
<li><b>Føroyskt / Faroese</b>: Eg kann eta glas, skaðaleysur.


345  
<!-- <br><b>Føroyskt / Faroese</b>:  Eg kann eta glas, uttan á nakran hátt at meinslast av hesum. -->


346  
<li><b>Íslenska / Icelandic</b>: Ég  get etið gler án þess að meiða mig.


347  
<li><b>Svenska / Swedish</b>: Jag kan äta glas utan att skada mig.


348  
<li><b>Dansk / Danish</b>: Jeg kan spise glas, det gør ikke ondt på mig.


349  
<li><b>S&oslash;nderjysk</b>: Æ ka æe glass uhen at det go mæ naue.


350  
<li><b>Frysk / Frisian</b>: Ik kin glês ite, it docht me net sear.


351  
<!-- <li><b>Nederlands / Dutch</b>: Ik kan glas eten, het doet mij geen pijn. -->


352  
<!-- <li><b>Nederlands / Dutch</b>: Ik kan glas eten zonder dat het


353  
mij 


354  
schaadt. -->


355  
<!-- <li><tt>Dutch: Ik kan glas eten, maar dat doet mij geen kwaad.</tt> -->


356  
<li><b>Nederlands / Dutch</b>: Ik kan glas eten, het doet


357  
mij 


358  
geen kwaad.


359  


360  


361  
<LI><B>Kirchröadsj/Bôchesserplat</B>: Iech ken glaas èèse, mer 't deet miech


362  
jing pieng.</LI>


363  


364  
<li><b>Afrikaans</b>: Ek kan glas eet, maar dit doen my nie skade nie.


365  
<li><b>Lëtzebuergescht / Luxemburgish</b>: Ech kan Glas iessen, daat deet mir nët wei.


366  
<li><b>Deutsch / German</b>: Ich kann Glas essen, ohne mir zu schaden.


367  
<li><b>Ruhrdeutsch</b>: Ich kann Glas verkasematuckeln, ohne dattet mich wat jucken tut.


368  
<li><b>Langenfelder Platt</b>:


369  
Isch kann Jlaas kimmeln, uuhne datt mich datt weh dääd.


370  
<li><b>Lausitzer Mundart</b> ("Lusatian"): Ich koann Gloos assn und doas


371  
dudd merr ni wii.


372  
<li><b>Odenwälderisch</b>: Iech konn glaasch voschbachteln ohne dass es mir ebbs daun doun dud.


373  
<li><b>Sächsisch / Saxon</b>: 'sch kann Glos essn, ohne dass'sch mer wehtue.


374  
<li><b>Pfälzisch</b>: Isch konn Glass fresse ohne dasses mer ebbes ausmache dud.


375  
<li><b>Schwäbisch / Swabian</b>: I kå Glas frässa, ond des macht mr nix!


376  
<li><b>Deutsch (Voralberg)</b>: I ka glas eassa, ohne dass mar weh tuat.


377  
<li><b>Bayrisch / Bavarian</b>: I koh Glos esa, und es duard ma ned wei.


378  
<li><b>Allemannisch</b>: I kaun Gloos essen, es tuat ma ned weh.


379  


380  
<li><b>Schwyzerdütsch</b> (Zürich): Ich chan Glaas ässe, das schadt mir nöd. 


381  
<li><b>Schwyzerdütsch</b> (Luzern):  Ech cha Glâs ässe, das schadt mer ned. 


382  


383  
<br><b>Plautdietsch</b>: (NEEDED)


384  
<li><b>Hungarian</b>: Meg tudom enni az üveget, nem lesz tőle bajom.


385  
<li><b>Suomi / Finnish</b>: Voin syödä lasia, se ei vahingoita minua.


386  
<li><b>Sami (Northern)</b>: Sáhtán borrat lása, dat ii leat bávččas.


387  
<li><b>Erzian</b>: Мон ярсан 


388  
суликадо, ды 


389  
зыян 


390  
эйстэнзэ а 


391  
ули.


392  
<li><b>Northern Karelian</b>: Mie voin syvvä lasie ta minla ei ole kipie.


393  
<li><b>Southern Karelian</b>: Minä voin syvvä st'oklua dai minule ei ole kibie.


394  
<br><b>Vepsian</b>: (NEEDED)


395  
<br><b>Votian</b>: (NEEDED)


396  
<br><b>Livonian</b>: (NEEDED)


397  
<li><b>Estonian</b>: Ma võin klaasi süüa, see ei tee mulle midagi.


398  
<li><b>Latvian</b>: Es varu ēst stiklu, tas man nekaitē.


399  
<li><b>Lithuanian</b>: Aš galiu valgyti stiklą ir jis manęs nežeidžia


400  
<br><b>Old Prussian</b>: (NEEDED)


401  
<br><b>Sorbian</b> (Wendish): (NEEDED)


402  
<li><b>Czech</b>: Mohu jíst sklo, neublíží mi.


403  
<li><b>Slovak</b>: Môžem jesť sklo. Nezraní ma.


404  
<li><b>Polska / Polish</b>: Mogę jeść szkło i mi nie szkodzi.


405  
<li><b>Slovenian:</b> Lahko jem steklo, ne da bi mi Å¡kodovalo.


406  


407  
<!--


408  
<li><b>Croatian</b>: Ja mogu jesti staklo i ne boli me.


409  
Serbian translation is very poor. Infinitive used and sound as: "I can 


410  
eating glass".


411  
<li><b>Serbian</b> <i>(Latin):</i> Mogu jesti staklo a da mi ne Å¡kodi.


412  
<li><b>Serbian</b> <i>(Cyrillic):</i> Могу јести стакло 


413  
а


414  
да ми 


415  
не 


416  
шкоди.


417  
<li><b>Serbian</b> <i>(Latin):</i> Ja mogu da jedem staklo.


418  
<li><b>Serbian</b> <i>(Cyrillic)</i>: Ја могу да једем стакло.


419  
<li><b>Macedonian:</b> Можам да јадам стакло, а не ме штета.


420  
-->


421  
<li><b>Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian</b> <i>(Latin)</i>: Ja mogu jesti staklo, i to mi ne Å¡teti.


422  


423  
<li><b>Bosnian, Montenegrin and Serbian</b> <i>(Cyrillic)</i>:  Ја могу јести стакло, и то ми не штети.


424  


425  
<li><b>Macedonian:</b> Можам да јадам стакло, а не ме штета.


426  
<li><b>Russian</b>: Я могу есть стекло, оно мне не вредит.


427  
<li><b>Belarusian</b> <i>(Cyrillic):</i> Я магу есці шкло, яно мне не шкодзіць.


428  
<li><b>Belarusian</b> <i>(Lacinka):</i> Ja mahu jeści škło, jano mne ne škodzić.


429  
<!--


430  
<li><b>Ukrainian</b>: Я можу їсти шкло, й воно мені не пошкодить.


431  
-->


432  
<li><b>Ukrainian</b>: Я можу їсти скло, і воно мені не зашкодить.


433  


434  
<!-- <li><b>Bulgarian</b>: Мога да ям стъкло и не ме боли. -->


435  
<li><b>Bulgarian</b>: Мога да ям стъкло, то не ми вреди.


436  


437  
<li><b>Georgian</b>: მინას ვჭამ და არა მტკივა.


438  
<li><b>Armenian</b>: Կրնամ ապակի ուտել և ինծի անհանգիստ չըներ։


439  
<li><b>Albanian</b>: Unë mund të ha qelq dhe nuk më gjen gjë.


440  
<li><b>Turkish</b>: Cam yiyebilirim, bana zararı dokunmaz.


441  
<li><b>Turkish</b> <i>(Ottoman):</i> جام  ييه بلورم  بڭا  ضررى  طوقونمز


442  
<li><b>Bangla / Bengali</b>:


443  
আমি কাঁচ খেতে পারি, তাতে আমার কোনো ক্ষতি হয় না। 


444  
<li><b>Marathi</b>: मी काच खाऊ शकतो, मला ते दुखत नाही.


445  


446  
<!--


447  
<li><b>Hindi</b>: मैं काँच खा सकता हूँ, मुझे उस से कोई पीडा नहीं होती.


448  
-->


449  


450  
<li><b>Kannada</b>:


451  


452  


453  
ನನಗೆ ಹಾನಿ ಆಗದೆ, ನಾನು ಗಜನ್ನು ತಿನಬಹುದು


454  


455  


456  
<!--


457  


458  
 (ಕನ್ನಡ): ಎಲ್ಲಾದರೂ ಇರು, ಎಂತಾದರು ಇರು, ಎಂದೆಂದಿಗೂ ನೀ ಕನ್ನಡವಾಗಿರು, ಕನ್ನಡವೇ ಸತ್ಯ.. ಕನ್ನಡವೇ ನಿತ್ಯ..


459  


460  
-->


461  


462  
<li><b>Hindi</b>: मैं काँच खा सकता हूँ और मुझे उससे कोई चोट नहीं पहुंचती.


463  


464  


465  
<li><b>Malayam</b>:


466  


467  
എനിക്ക് ഗ്ലാസ് തിന്നാം. അതെന്നെ വേദനിപ്പിക്കില്ല.


468  


469  


470  


471  
<li><b>Tamil</b>: நான் கண்ணாடி சாப்பிடுவேன், அதனால் எனக்கு ஒரு கேடும் வராது.


472  


473  


474  
<li><b>Telugu</b>: నేను గాజు తినగలను మరియు అలా చేసినా నాకు  ఏమి ఇబ్బంది  లేదు


475  


476  


477  
<li><b>Sinhalese</b>: මට වීදුරු කෑමට හැකියි. එයින් මට කිසි හානියක් සිදු නොවේ.


478  


479  
<li><b>Urdu</b><a href="#notes">(3)</a>: <span dir="RTL" lang=UR>


480  
 میں کانچ کھا سکتا ہوں اور مجھے تکلیف نہیں ہوتی ۔</span>


481  
<li><b>Pashto</b><a href="#notes">(3)</a>: زه شيشه خوړلې شم، هغه ما نه خوږوي


482  
<li><b>Farsi / Persian</b><a href="#notes">(3)</a>: .من می توانم بدونِ احساس درد شيشه بخورم


483  
<li id="arabic"><b>Arabic</b><a href="#notes">(3)</a>: <span dir="RTL" lang=AR>أنا قادر على أكل الزجاج و هذا لا يؤلمني.</span>


484  


485  
<br><B>Aramaic</B>: (NEEDED)


486  
<li><b>Maltese</b>: Nista' niekol il-&#295;&#289;ie&#289; u ma jag&#295;milli xejn.


487  
<li id="hebrew"><B>Hebrew</B><a href="#notes">(3)</a>: <SPAN dir=rtl lang=HE>אני יכול לאכול זכוכית וזה לא מזיק לי.</SPAN>


488  
<li><B>Yiddish</B><a href="#notes">(3)</a>: <SPAN dir=rtl lang=JI>איך קען עסן גלאָז און עס טוט מיר נישט װײ.</SPAN>


489  
<br><b>Judeo-Arabic</b>: (NEEDED)


490  
<br><b>Ladino</b>: (NEEDED)


491  
<br><b>Gǝʼǝz</b>: (NEEDED)


492  
<br><b>Amharic</b>: (NEEDED)


493  
<li><b>Twi</b>: Metumi awe tumpan, ɜnyɜ me hwee.


494  
<li><b>Hausa</b> (<i>Latin</i>): Inā iya taunar gilāshi kuma in gamā lāfiyā.


495  
<li><b>Hausa</b> (<i>Ajami</i>) <a href="#notes">(2)</a>: <SPAN dir=rtl lang=HA>


496  
إِنا إِىَ تَونَر غِلَاشِ كُمَ إِن غَمَا لَافِىَا</SPAN>


497  
<li><b>Yoruba</b><a href="#notes">(4)</a>: Mo lè je̩ dígí, kò ní pa mí lára.


498  
<li><b>Lingala</b>: Nakokí kolíya biténi bya milungi, ekosála ngáí mabé tɛ́.


499  


500  
<!--


501  
<li><b>Lingala</b>: Nakokí kolíya biténi bya milungi, ekosála ngáí mabé tɛ́.


502  
-->


503  
<li><b>(Ki)Swahili</b>: Naweza kula bilauri na sikunyui.


504  


505  
<li><b>Malay</b>: Saya boleh makan kaca dan ia tidak mencederakan saya.


506  
<li><b>Tagalog</b>: Kaya kong kumain nang bubog at hindi ako masaktan.


507  
<li><b>Chamorro</b>: Siña yo' chumocho krestat, ti ha na'lalamen yo'.


508  
<li><b>Fijian</b>: Au rawa ni kana iloilo, ia au sega ni vakacacani kina.


509  
<li><b>Javanese</b>: Aku isa mangan beling tanpa lara.


510  
<li><b>Burmese</b> (Unicode 4.0):


511  
က္ယ္ဝန္‌တော္‌၊က္ယ္ဝန္‌မ မ္ယက္‌စားနုိင္‌သည္‌။ ၎က္ရောင္‌့


512  
ထိခုိက္‌မ္ဟု မရ္ဟိပာ။


513  
(9)


514  


515  
<li><b>Burmese</b> (Unicode 5.0):


516  
ကျွန်တော် ကျွန်မ မှန်စားနိုင်တယ်။ ၎င်းကြောင့် ထိခိုက်မှုမရှိပါ။


517  
(9)


518  


519  
<li><B>Vietnamese (quốc  ngữ)</B>: Tôi có thể ăn thủy tinh mà không hại gì.


520  
<li><B>Vietnamese (nôm)</B> (<a href="#notes">4</a>): 些 𣎏 世 咹 水 晶 𦓡 空 𣎏 害 咦


521  
<li><b>Khmer</b>:


522  
ខ្ញុំអាចញុំកញ្ចក់បាន


523  
ដោយគ្មានបញ្ហារ


524  


525  


526  
<li><b>Lao</b>:


527  
ຂອ້ຍກິນແກ້ວໄດ້ໂດຍທີ່ມັນບໍ່ໄດ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ຂອ້ຍເຈັບ.


528  


529  


530  


531  
<li><b>Thai</b>: ฉันกินกระจกได้ แต่มันไม่ทำให้ฉันเจ็บ


532  
<li><b>Mongolian</b> <i>(Cyrillic):</i>   Би шил идэй чадна, надад хортой биш


533  
<li><b>Mongolian</b> <i>(Classic)</i> (<a href="#notes">5</a>):


534  
  ᠪᠢ  ᠰᠢᠯᠢ  ᠢᠳᠡᠶᠦ  ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠂ ᠨᠠᠳᠤᠷ  ᠬᠣᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠢ  ᠪᠢᠰᠢ


535  
<br><b>Dzongkha</b>: (NEEDED)


536  
<li><b>Nepali</b>: म काँच खान सक्छू र मलाई केहि नी हुन्‍न् ।


537  


538  
<li><b>Tibetan</b>: ཤེལ་སྒོ་ཟ་ནས་ང་ན་གི་མ་རེད།


539  
<li><b>Chinese</b>: <span lang=zh>我能吞下玻璃而不伤身体。</span>


540  
<li><b>Chinese</b> (Traditional):   我能吞下玻璃而不傷身體。


541  


542  
<li><b>Taiwanese</b><a href="#notes">(6)</a>: Góa ē-tàng chia̍h po-lê, mā bē tio̍h-siong.


543  
<li><b>Japanese</b>: <span lang=ja>私はガラスを食べられます。それは私を傷つけません。</span>


544  
<li><b>Korean</b>:  <span lang=ko>나는 유리를 먹을 수 있어요. 그래도 아프지 않아요</span>


545  
<li><b>Bislama</b>: Mi save kakae glas, hemi no save katem mi.<br>


546  
<li><b>Hawaiian</b>:  Hiki iaʻu ke ʻai i ke aniani; ʻaʻole nō lā au e ʻeha.<br>


547  
<li><b>Marquesan</b>: E koʻana e kai i te karahi, mea ʻā, ʻaʻe hauhau.


548  
<li><b>Inuktitut</b> (10): ᐊᓕᒍᖅ ᓂᕆᔭᕌᖓᒃᑯ ᓱᕋᙱᑦᑐᓐᓇᖅᑐᖓ


549  
 


550  
<li><b>Chinook Jargon:</b> Naika məkmək kakshət labutay, pi weyk ukuk munk-sik nay.


551  
<li><b>Navajo</b>: Tsésǫʼ yishą́ągo bííníshghah dóó doo shił neezgai da.


552  
<br><b>Cherokee</b> <i>(and Cree, Chickasaw, Cree, Micmac, Ojibwa, Lakota,


553  
N&aacute;huatl, Quechua, Aymara,


554  
and other American languages):</i> (NEEDED)


555  
<br><b>Garifuna</b>: (NEEDED)


556  
<br><b>Gullah</b>: (NEEDED)


557  
<li><b>Lojban</b>: mi kakne le nu citka le blaci .iku'i le se go'i na xrani mi


558  
<li><b>Nórdicg</b>: Lj&#339;r ye caudran créneþ ý jor c&#7811;ran.


559  
</ol>


560  
<p>


561  


562  
<i>(Additions, corrections, completions,</i>


563  
<a href="mailto:kermit@kermitproject.org"><i>gratefuly accepted</i></a><i>.)</i>


564  


565  
<p>


566  
For testing purposes, some of these are repeated in a <b>monospace font</b>&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.


567  
<p>


568  
<ol>


569  
<li><tt>Euro Symbol: €.</tt>


570  
<li><tt>Greek: Μπορώ να φάω σπασμένα γυαλιά χωρίς να πάθω τίποτα.</tt>


571  


572  
<li><tt>Íslenska / Icelandic: Ég  get etið gler án þess að meiða mig.</tt>


573  


574  
<li><tt>Polish: Mogę jeść szkło, i mi nie szkodzi.</tt>


575  
<li><tt>Romanian: Pot să mănânc sticlă și ea nu mă rănește.</tt>


576  
<li><tt>Ukrainian: Я можу їсти шкло, й воно мені не пошкодить.</tt>


577  
<li><tt>Armenian: Կրնամ ապակի ուտել և ինծի անհանգիստ չըներ։</tt>


578  
<li><tt>Georgian: მინას ვჭამ და არა მტკივა.</tt>


579  
<li><tt>Hindi: मैं काँच खा सकता हूँ, मुझे उस से कोई पीडा नहीं होती.</tt>


580  
<li><tt>Hebrew<a href="#notes">(2)</a>: <SPAN dir=rtl lang=HE>אני יכול לאכול זכוכית וזה לא מזיק לי.</SPAN></tt>


581  
<li><tt>Yiddish<a href="#notes">(2)</a>: <SPAN dir=rtl lang=JI>איך קען עסן גלאָז און עס טוט מיר נישט װײ.</SPAN></tt>


582  
<li><tt>Arabic<a href="#notes">(2)</a>: <span dir="RTL" lang=AR>أنا قادر على أكل الزجاج و هذا لا يؤلمني.</span></tt>


583  
<li><tt>Japanese: <span lang=ja>私はガラスを食べられます。それは私を傷つけません。</span></tt>


584  
<li><tt>Thai: ฉันกินกระจกได้ แต่มันไม่ทำให้ฉันเจ็บ</tt>


585  
</ol>


586  
<p>


587  


588  
<b><a name="notes">Notes:</a></b>


589  


590  
<p>


591  
<ol>


592  


593  
<li>The "I can eat glass" phrase and initial translations (about 30 of them)


594  
were borrowed from Ethan Mollick's <a


595  
href="http://hcs.harvard.edu/~igp/glass.html">I Can Eat Glass</a> page


596  
(which disappeared on or about June 2004) and converted to UTF-8.  Since


597  
Ethan's original page is gone, I should mention that his purpose was to offer


598  
travelers a phrase they could use in any country that would command a


599  
certain kind of respect, or at least get attention.  See <a


600  
href="#credits">Credits</a> for the many additional contributions since


601  
then.  When submitting new entries, the word "hurt" (if you have a choice)


602  
is used in the sense of "cause harm", "do damage", or "bother", rather than


603  
"inflict pain" or "make sad".  In this vein Otto Stolz comments (as do


604  
others further down; personally I think it's better for the purpose of this


605  
page to have extra entries and/or to show a greater repertoire of characters


606  
than it is to enforce a strict interpretation of the word "hurt"!):


607  


608  
<p>


609  
<blockquote>


610  


611  
This is the meaning I have translated to the Swabian dialect.


612  


613  
However, I just have noticed that most of the German variants


614  
translate the "inflict pain" meaning. The German example should 


615  
read:


616  


617  
<p>


618  
<blockquote>


619  
"Ich kann Glas essen ohne mir zu schaden."


620  
</blockquote>


621  
<p>


622  


623  
rather than:


624  


625  
<p>


626  
<blockquote>


627  
"Ich kann Glas essen, ohne mir weh zu tun."


628  
</blockquote>


629  
<p>


630  


631  
(The comma fell victim to the 1996 orthographic reform,


632  
cf. <a href="http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P76"><tt>http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P76</tt></a>.


633  


634  
<p>


635  


636  
You may wish to contact the contributors of the following translations


637  
to correct them:


638  


639  
<p>


640  
<ul>


641  


642  
<li> Lëtzebuergescht / Luxemburgish: Ech kan Glas iessen, daat deet mir nët wei.


643  
<li> Lausitzer Mundart ("Lusatian"): Ich koann Gloos assn und doas dudd merr ni wii.


644  
<li> Sächsisch / Saxon: 'sch kann Glos essn, ohne dass'sch mer wehtue.


645  
<li> Bayrisch / Bavarian: I koh Glos esa, und es duard ma ned wei.


646  
<li> Allemannisch: I kaun Gloos essen, es tuat ma ned weh.


647  
<li> Schwyzerdütsch: Ich chan Glaas ässe, das tuet mir nöd weeh.


648  
</ul>


649  
<p>


650  


651  
In contrast, I deem the following translations *alright*:


652  


653  
<p>


654  
<ul>


655  


656  
<li> Ruhrdeutsch: Ich kann Glas verkasematuckeln, ohne dattet mich wat jucken tut.


657  
<li> Pfälzisch: Isch konn Glass fresse ohne dasses mer ebbes ausmache dud.


658  
<li> Schwäbisch / Swabian: I kå Glas frässa, ond des macht mr nix!


659  
</ul>


660  
<p>


661  


662  
(However, you could remove the commas, on account of


663  
<a href="http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P76"><tt>http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P76</tt></a>


664  
and


665  


666  
<a href="http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P72"><tt>http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P72</tt></a>, respectively.)


667  


668  
<p>


669  


670  
I guess, also these examples translate the <i>wrong</i> sense of "hurt",


671  
though I do not know these languages well enough to assert them


672  
definitely:


673  


674  
<p>


675  
<ul>


676  


677  
<li> Nederlands / Dutch: Ik kan glas eten; het doet mij geen


678  
pijn. <i>(This one has been changed)</i>


679  
<li> Kirchröadsj/Bôchesserplat: Iech ken glaas èèse, mer 't deet miech jing pieng.


680  


681  
</ul>


682  
<p>


683  


684  
In the Romanic languages, the variations on "fa male" (it) are probably


685  
wrong, whilst the variations on "hace daño" (es) and "damaĝas" (Esperanto) are probably correct; "nocet" (la) is definitely right.


686  


687  
<p>


688  


689  
The northern Germanic variants of "skada" are probably right, as are


690  
the Slavic variants of "škodi/шкоди" (se); however the Slavic variants


691  
of " boli" (hv) are probably wrong, as "bolena" means "pain/ache", IIRC.


692  


693  
</blockquote>


694  
<p>


695  
That was from July 2004.  In December 2007, Otto writes again:


696  


697  
<p>


698  
<blockquote>


699  
<small>


700  
Hello Frank,


701  


702  
in days of yore, I had written:<br>


703  
&gt;     "Ich kann Glas essen ohne mir zu schaden." <br>


704  
&gt; (The comma fell victim to the 1996 orthographic reform,


705  
<p>


706  
cf. <a href="http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P76">http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P76</a>. 


707  
<p>


708  


709  
The latest revision (2006) of the official German orthography


710  
has revived the comma around infinitive clauses commencing with


711  
<i>ohne</i>, or 5 other conjunctions, or depending from a noun or


712  
from an announcing demonstrative


713  
(<a href="http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/regeln2006.pdf">http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/regeln2006.pdf</a>, &sect;75).


714  
So, it's again: <i>Ich kann Glas essen, ohne mir zu schaden.</i>


715  
<p>


716  
Best wishes,<br>


717  
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Otto Stolz


718  
</small>


719  
</blockquote>


720  
<p>


721  


722  
<li>The numbering of the samples is arbitrary, done only to keep track of how


723  
many there are, and can change any time a new entry is added.  The


724  
arrangement is also arbitrary but with some attempt to group related


725  
examples together.  Note: All languages not listed are wanted, not just the


726  
ones that say (NEEDED).


727  


728  
<p>


729  


730  
<li><a name="note1">Correct right-to-left display of these languages


731  
depends on the capabilities of your browser.</a>  The period should


732  
appear on the left.  In the monospace Yiddish example, the Yiddish digraphs


733  
should occupy one character cell.


734  


735  
<p>


736  


737  
<li>Yoruba: The third word is Latin letter small 'j' followed by


738  
small 'e' with U+0329, Combining Vertical Line Below.  This displays


739  
correctly only if your Unicode font includes the U+0329 glyph and your


740  
browser supports combining diacritical marks.  The Lingala and Indic examples


741  
also include combining sequences.  


742  


743  
<p>


744  


745  
<li>Includes Unicode 3.1 (or later) characters beyond Plane 0.


746  


747  
<p>


748  


749  
<li>The Classic Mongolian example should be vertical, top-to-bottom and 


750  
left-to-right.  But such display is almost impossible.  Also no font yet


751  
exists which provides the proper ligatures and positional variants for the


752  
characters of this script, which works somewhat like Arabic.


753  


754  
<p>


755  


756  
<li>Taiwanese is also known as Holo or Hoklo, and is related to Southern


757  
Min dialects such as Amoy.


758  
Contributed by Henry H. Tan-Tenn, who comments, "The above is


759  
the romanized version, in a script current among Taiwanese Christians since


760  
the mid-19th century.  It was invented by British missionaries and saw use in


761  
hundreds of published works, mostly of a religious nature.  Most Taiwanese did


762  
not know Chinese characters then, or at least not well enough to read.  More


763  
to the point, though, a written standard using Chinese characters has never


764  
developed, so a significant minority of words are represented with different


765  
candidate characters, depending on one's personal preference or etymological


766  
theory.  In this sentence, for example, "-tàng", "chia̍h",


767  
"mā" and "bē" are problematic using Chinese characters.


768  
"Góa" (I/me) and "po-lê" (glass) are as written in other Sinitic


769  
languages (e.g. Mandarin, Hakka)."


770  


771  
<p>


772  


773  
<li>Wagner Amaral of Pinese &amp; Amaral Associados notes that


774  
the Brazilian Portuguese sentence for


775  
"I can eat glass" should be identical to the Portuguese one, as the word


776  
"machuca" means "inflict pain", or rather "injuries". The words "faz 


777  
mal" would more correctly translate as "cause harm".


778  


779  
<p>


780  


781  
<li>Burmese: In English the first person pronoun "I" stands for both


782  
genders, male and female.  In Burmese (except in the central part of Burma)


783  
kyundaw (<font


784  
 size="+1"


785  
 face="Padauk">က္ယ္ဝန္‌တော္‌</font>) for male and kyanma (<font 


786  
 size="+1" face="Padauk">က္ယ္ဝန္‌မ</font>) for female.


787  
Using here a fully-compliant Unicode Burmese font -- sadly one and only one


788  
Padauk Graphite font exists -- rendering using graphite engine.


789  
<!--GONE


790  
<a href="http://h1.ripway.com/bamarsar/">CLICK HERE</a> to test Burmese


791  
characters. 


792  
-->


793  
Unicode 4.0 or older standard did not have some medial and vowel character;


794  
the second example has them.


795  


796  
<p>


797  


798  
<li><i>From Louise Hope, 22 November 2010:</i>&nbsp;


799  
I decided to have a go at an Inuktitut rendering, mainly in hopes of shaming someone who actually knows the language into coming up with something better.


800  
Meanwhile, try this:


801  
<p>


802  
ᐊᓕᒍᖅ ᓂᕆᔭᕌᖓᒃᑯ ᓱᕋᙱᑦᑐᓐᓇᖅᑐᖓ


803  
<br>


804  
aliguq nirijaraangakku suranngittunnaqtunga


805  
<p>


806  
Loosely: I am able not to hurt myself whenever I eat glass.


807  
<p>


808  
aliguq &gt;&gt; glass (uninflected because it is the patient of a transitive verb in an ergative language)<br>


809  
nirijaraangakku &gt;&gt; "I eat him/her/it" in Frequentative mood (all one verb with inflectional ending, no affixes whatsoever)<br>


810  
suranngittunnaqtunga &gt;&gt; suraq (do permanent harm) + nngit (verb-negator) + tunnaq (ability) + tunga (intransitive ending, making the verb passive or reflexive)


811  
<p>


812  
See above about someone who knows the language, et cetera.


813  
<p>


814  
Script trivia: the syllable ᙱ is a single unicode character


815  
representing the two elements ᓐ (syllable-final n) and ᖏ


816  
(syllable ngi). I think they just did it that way because it looks tidier


817  
than the expected ᓐᖏ. If your operating system didn't come


818  
with <a href="http://www.ffonts.net/Euphemia-UCAS.font">Euphemia</a> (all-purpose UCAS font), you can download <a href="http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/inuk/our-boots/piq_font.php">Pigiarniq</a>. It comes with a jolly little inuksuk ᐀ that the Unicode Consortium is trying to make into a squatter.


819  
<p>


820  


821  
<!--


822  
ᓯᖁᒥᐅᒪᓐᖏᒃᑯᓂ ᓈᒪᖕᓇᓐᖏᔾᔪᒃ


823  
<br>


824  
siqumiumanngikkuni naamangnanngijjuk.


825  
-->


826  


827  
</ol>


828  


829  
<h3><a name="quickbrownfox">The Quick Brown Fox... Pangrams</a></h3>


830  


831  
The "I can eat glass" sentences do not necessarily show off the orthography of


832  
each language to best advantage.  In many alphabetic written languages it is


833  
possible to include all (or most) letters (or "special" characters) in


834  
a single (often nonsense) <i>pangram</i>.  These were traditionally used in


835  
typewriter instruction; now they are useful for stress-testing computer fonts


836  
and keyboard input methods.  Here are a few examples (SEND MORE):


837  


838  
<p>


839  
<ol>


840  


841  
<li><b>English:</b> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.


842  
<li><b>Jamaican:</b> Chruu, a kwik di kwik brong fox a jomp huova di liezi daag de, yu no siit?


843  
<li><b>Irish:</b> "An ḃfuil do ċroí ag bualaḋ ó ḟaitíos an ġrá a ṁeall lena ṗóg éada ó


844  
ṡlí do leasa ṫú?"


845  
"D'ḟuascail Íosa Úrṁac na hÓiġe Beannaiṫe pór Éava agus Áḋaiṁ."


846  
<li><b>Dutch:</b> Pa's wijze lynx bezag vroom het fikse aquaduct.


847  
<li><b>German: </b>  Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden


848  
größeren Zwerg.  (1)


849  
<li><b>German: </b> <span lang=da>Im finſteren Jagdſchloß am offenen Felsquellwaſſer patzte der affig-flatterhafte kauzig-höf‌liche Bäcker über ſeinem verſifften kniffligen C-Xylophon.</span> (2)


850  
<li><b>Norwegian:</b> Blåbærsyltetøy ("blueberry jam", includes every


851  
extra letter used in Norwegian).


852  
<li><b>Swedish:</b>  Flygande bäckasiner söka strax hwila på mjuka tuvor.


853  
<li><b>Icelandic:</b> Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt.


854  
<li><b>Finnish:</b> (5) Törkylempijävongahdus (This is a perfect pangram, every letter appears only once. Translating it is an art on its own, but I'll say "rude lover's yelp". :-D)


855  
<li><b>Finnish:</b> (5) Albert osti fagotin ja töräytti puhkuvan melodian. (Albert bought a bassoon and hooted an impressive melody.)


856  
<li><b>Finnish:</b> (5) On sangen hauskaa, että polkupyörä on maanteiden jokapäiväinen ilmiö. (It's pleasantly amusing, that the bicycle is an everyday sight on the roads.)


857  
<li><b>Polish:</b> Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub osiem skrzyń fig.


858  
<li><b>Czech:</b> Příliš


859  
žluťoučký kůň úpěl


860  
ďábelské kódy.


861  
<li><b>Slovak:</b> Starý kôň na hŕbe


862  
kníh žuje tíško povädnuté


863  
ruže, na stĺpe sa ďateľ


864  
učí kvákať novú ódu o


865  
živote.


866  
<li><b>Greek</b> (monotonic): ξεσκεπάζω την ψυχοφθόρα βδελυγμία


867  


868  
<li><b>Greek</b> (polytonic):


869  
ξεσκεπάζω τὴν ψυχοφθόρα βδελυγμία


870  


871  


872  
<li><b>Russian:</b>


873  
Съешь же ещё этих мягких французских булок да выпей чаю.


874  


875  
<li><b>Russian:</b>


876  
В чащах юга жил-был цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! ёъ.


877  


878  
<li><b>Bulgarian:</b> Жълтата дюля беше щастлива, че пухът, който цъфна, замръзна като гьон.


879  


880  
<li><b>Sami (Northern):</b> Vuol Ruoŧa geđggiid leat máŋga luosa ja čuovžža.


881  
<li><b>Hungarian:</b> Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép.


882  
<li><b>Spanish:</b> El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro.


883  
<li><b>Portuguese:</b> O próximo vôo à noite sobre o Atlântico, põe freqüentemente o único médico. (3)


884  
<li><b>French:</b> Les naïfs ægithales hâtifs pondant à Noël où il gèle sont sûrs d'être 


885  
déçus en voyant leurs drôles d'œufs abîmés.


886  


887  
<li><b>Esperanto:</b> Eĥoŝanĝo


888  
ĉiuĵaŭde.


889  


890  
<li><b>Hebrew:</b> <span dir="RTL" lang=HE>זה כיף סתם לשמוע איך תנצח קרפד עץ טוב בגן.</span>


891  


892  
<li><b>Japanese</b> (Hiragana):<blockquote>


893  
いろはにほへど　ちりぬるを<br>


894  
わがよたれぞ　つねならむ<br>


895  
うゐのおくやま　けふこえて<br>


896  
あさきゆめみじ　ゑひもせず


897  
(4)


898  
</blockquote>


899  


900  
</ol>


901  
<p id="oechtringen">


902  
<a name="notes2"><b>Notes:</b></a>


903  
<p>


904  
<ol>


905  


906  
<li>Other phrases commonly used in Germany include: "Ein wackerer Bayer


907  
vertilgt ja bequem zwo Pfund Kalbshaxe" and, more recently, "Franz jagt im


908  
komplett verwahrlosten Taxi quer durch Bayern", but both lack umlauts and


909  
esszet.  Previously, going for the shortest sentence that has all the


910  
umlauts and special characters, I had


911  
"Grüße aus Bärenhöfe


912  
(und Óechtringen)!"


913  
Acute accents are not used in native German words, so I was surprised to


914  
discover "Óechtringen" in the Deutsche Bundespost 


915  
Postleitzahlenbuch:


916  
<p>


917  
<blockquote>


918  
<a href="http://www.columbia.edu/~fdc/misc/oechtringen.jpg"><img


919  
 src="oechtringen-sm.jpg" alt="Click for full-size image (2.8MB)"></a>


920  
</blockquote>


921  
<p>


922  
It's a small village in eastern Lower Saxony.


923  
The "oe" in this case


924  
turns out to be the Lower Saxon "lengthening e" (Dehnungs-e), which makes the


925  
previous vowel long (used in a number of Lower Saxon place names such as Soest


926  
and Itzehoe), not the "e" that indicates umlaut of the preceding vowel.


927  
Many thanks to the Óechtringen-Namenschreibungsuntersuchungskomitee


928  
(Alex Bochannek, Manfred Erren, Asmus Freytag, Christoph P&auml;per, plus


929  
Werner Lemberg who serves as


930  
Óechtringen-Namenschreibungsuntersuchungskomiteerechtschreibungsprüfer)


931  


932  
for their relentless pursuit of the facts in this case. Conclusion: the


933  
accent almost certainly does not belong on this (or any other native German)


934  
word, but neither can it be dismissed as dirt on the page.  To add to the


935  
mystery, it has been reported that other copies of the same edition of the


936  
PLZB do not show the accent!  UPDATE (March 2006): David Krings was


937  
intrigued enough by this report to contact the mayor of Ebstorf, of which


938  
Oechtringen is a borough, who responded:


939  


940  
<p>


941  
<blockquote style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:80%">


942  
Sehr geehrter Mr. Krings,<br>


943  
wenn Oechtringen irgendwo mit einem Akzent auf dem O geschrieben wurde,


944  
dann kann das nur ein Fehldruck sein. Die offizielle Schreibweise lautet


945  
jedenfalls „Oechtringen“.<br>


946  
Mit freundlichen Grüssen<br>


947  
Der Samtgemeindebürgermeister<br>


948  
i.A. Lothar Jessel


949  


950  
</blockquote>


951  


952  


953  
<p>


954  
<li>From Karl Pentzlin (Kochel am See, Bavaria, Germany):


955  
"This German phrase is suited for display by a Fraktur (broken letter)


956  
font. It contains: all common three-letter ligatures: ffi ffl fft and all


957  
two-letter ligatures required by the Duden for Fraktur typesetting: ch ck ff


958  
fi fl ft ll Å¿ch Å¿i Å¿Å¿ Å¿t tz (all in a


959  
manner such they are not part of a three-letter ligature), one example of f-l


960  
where German typesetting rules prohibit ligating (marked by a ZWNJ), and all


961  
German letters a...z, ä,ö,ü,ß, ſ [long s]


962  
(all in a manner such that they are not part of a two-letter Fraktur


963  
ligature)."


964  


965  
Otto Stolz notes that "'Schloß' is now spelled 'Schloss', in


966  
contrast to 'größer' (example 4) which has kept its


967  
'ß'.  Fraktur has been banned from general use, in 1942, and long-s


968  
(Å¿) has ceased to be used with Antiqua (Roman) even earlier (the


969  
latest Antiqua-Å¿ I have seen is from 1913, but then


970  
I am no expert, so there may well be a later instance."  Later Otto confirms


971  
the latter theory, "Now I've run across a book “Deutsche


972  
Rechtschreibung” (edited by Lutz Mackensen) from 1954 (my reprint


973  
is from 1956) that has kept the Antiqua-Å¿ in its dictionary part (but


974  
neither in the preface nor in the appendix)."


975  


976  
<p>


977  


978  
<li>Diaeresis is not used in Iberian Portuguese.


979  


980  
<p>


981  


982  
<li>From Yurio Miyazawa: "This poetry contains all the sounds in the


983  
Japanese language and used to be the first thing for children to learn in


984  
their Japanese class. The Hiragana version is particularly neat because it


985  
covers every character in the phonetic Hiragana character set."  Yurio also


986  
sent the Kanji version:


987  


988  
<p>


989  
<blockquote>


990  
色は匂へど 散りぬるを<br>


991  
我が世誰ぞ 常ならむ<br>


992  
有為の奥山 今日越えて<br>


993  
浅き夢見じ 酔ひもせず


994  
</blockquote>


995  


996  
<li>Finnish pangrams from Mikko Ristilä.


997  


998  
</ol>


999  
<p>


1000  
<b>Accented Cyrillic:</b>


1001  
<p>


1002  


1003  
<i>(This section contributed by Vladimir Marinov.)</i>


1004  


1005  
<p>


1006  


1007  
In Bulgarian it is desirable, customary, or in some cases required to


1008  
write accents over vowels.  Unfortunately, no computer character sets


1009  
contain the full repertoire of accented Cyrillic letters.  With Unicode,


1010  
however, it is possible to combine any Cyrillic letter with any combining


1011  
accent.  The appearance of the result depends on the font and the rendering


1012  
engine.  Here are two examples.


1013  


1014  
<p>


1015  
<ol>


1016  


1017  
<li>Той видя бялата коса́ по главата и́ и ко́са на рамото и́, и ре́че да и́


1018  
рече́: "Пара́та по́ па́ри от па́рата, не ща пари́!", но си поми́сли: "Хей,


1019  
помисли́ си! А́ и́ река, а́ е скочила в тази река, която щеше да тече́,


1020  
а не те́че."


1021  


1022  
<p>


1023  


1024  
<li>По пъ́тя пъту́ват кю́рди и югославя́ни.  


1025  


1026  
</ol>


1027  


1028  
<h3><a name="html">HTML Features</a></h3>


1029  


1030  
Here is the Russian alphabet (uppercase only) coded in three


1031  
different ways, which should look identical:


1032  


1033  
<p>


1034  
<ol>


1035  
<li>АБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯ


1036  
&nbsp; <i>(Literal UTF-8)</i>


1037  
<li>&#1040;&#1041;&#1042;&#1043;&#1044;&#1045;&#1046;&#1047;&#1048;&#1049;&#1050;&#1051;&#1052;&#1053;&#1054;&#1055;&#1056;&#1057;&#1058;&#1059;&#1060;&#1061;&#1062;&#1063;&#1064;&#1065;&#1066;&#1067;&#1068;&#1069;&#1070;&#1071;


1038  
&nbsp; <i>(Decimal numeric character reference)</i>


1039  
<li>&#x0410;&#x0411;&#x0412;&#x0413;&#x0414;&#x0415;&#x0416;&#x0417;&#x0418;&#x0419;&#x041a;&#x041b;&#x041c;&#x041d;&#x041e;&#x041f;&#x0420;&#x0421;&#x0422;&#x0423;&#x0424;&#x0425;&#x0426;&#x0427;&#x0428;&#x0429;&#x042a;&#x042b;&#x042c;&#x042d;&#x042e;&#x042f;


1040  
&nbsp; <i>(Hexadecimal numeric character reference)</i>


1041  
</ol>


1042  


1043  
<p>


1044  


1045  
In another test, we use HTML language tags to distinguish Bulgarian, Russian,


1046  
and <a href="http://www.tiro.com/transfer/Serbian_Rendering.pdf">Serbian</a>, 


1047  
which have different italic forms for lowercase


1048  
б, г, д, п, and/or т:


1049  
<p>


1050  
<blockquote>


1051  
<table>


1052  
<tr>


1053  
<td><b>Bulgarian</b>: &nbsp;


1054  
<td><span lang=BG>[&nbsp;бгдпт</span>&nbsp;] &nbsp;


1055  
<td><span lang=BG>[&nbsp;<i>бгдпт</i></span>&nbsp;] &nbsp;


1056  
<td><span lang=BG><i> Мога да ям стъкло и не ме боли.</i></span>


1057  
<tr>


1058  
<td><b>Russian</b>:


1059  
<td><span lang=RU>[&nbsp;бгдпт</span>&nbsp;] &nbsp;


1060  
<td><span lang=RU>[&nbsp;<i>бгдпт</i></span>&nbsp;] &nbsp;


1061  
<td><span lang=RU><i>Я могу есть стекло, это мне не вредит.</i></span>


1062  
<tr>


1063  
<td><b>Serbian</b>:


1064  
<td><span lang=SR>[&nbsp;бгдпт</span>&nbsp;] &nbsp;


1065  
<td><span lang=SR>[&nbsp;<i>бгдпт</i></span>&nbsp;] &nbsp;


1066  
<td> <span lang=SR><i>Могу јести стакло 


1067  
а


1068  
да ми 


1069  
не 


1070  
шкоди.</i></span>


1071  
</table>


1072  
</blockquote>


1073  
<p>


1074  


1075  
<!-- acknowledgments -->


1076  
<h3><a name="credits">Credits, Tools, and Commentary</a></h3>


1077  


1078  
<dl>


1079  
<dt><b>Credits:</b></dt>


1080  
<dd>


1081  
The "I can eat glass" phrase and the initial collection of translations:


1082  
<a href="http://hcs.harvard.edu/~igp/glass.html">Ethan Mollick</a>.


1083  
Transcription / conversion to UTF-8: Frank da&nbsp;Cruz.


1084  
<b>Albanian:</b> Sindi Keesan.


1085  
<b>Afrikaans:</b> Johan Fourie, Kevin Poalses.


1086  
<b>Anglo Saxon:</b> Frank da&nbsp;Cruz.


1087  
<b>Arabic:</b> Najib Tounsi.


1088  
<b>Armenian:</b> Vaçe Kundakçı.


1089  
<b>Belarusian:</b> Alexey Chernyak, Patricia Clausnitzer.


1090  
<b>Bengali:</b> Somnath Purkayastha, Deepayan Sarkar.


1091  
<b>Bislama:</b> Dan McGarry.


1092  
<b>Bosnian:</b> Dmitrij D. Czarkoff.


1093  
<b>Braille:</b> Frank da&nbsp;Cruz.


1094  
<b>Bulgarian:</b> Sindi Keesan, Guentcho Skordev, Vladimir Marinov.


1095  
<b>Burmese:</b> "cetanapa", Sithu Thwin.


1096  
<b>Cabo Verde Creole:</b> Cláudio Alexandre Duarte.


1097  
<b>Catal&aacute;n:</b>  Jordi Bancells.


1098  
<b>Chinese:</b> Jack Soo, Wong Pui Lam.


1099  
<b>Chinook Jargon:</b> David Robertson.


1100  
<b>Cornish:</b> Chris Stephens.


1101  
<b>Croatian:</b> Dmitrij D. Czarkoff, Marjan Baće.


1102  
<b>Czech:</b> Stanislav Pecha, Radovan Garabík.


1103  
<b>Danish:</b> Morten Due Jorgensen.


1104  
<b>Dutch:</b> Peter Gotink. Pim Blokland, Rob Daniel, Rob de Wit.


1105  
<b>Erzian:</b> Jack Rueter.


1106  
<b>Esperanto:</b> Franko Luin, Radovan Garabík.


1107  
<b>Estonian:</b> Meelis Roos.


1108  
<b>Faroese:</b> J&oacute;n Gaasedal.


1109  
<b>Farsi/Persian:</b> Payam Elahi.


1110  
<b>Fijian:</b> Paul Cannon.


1111  
<b>Finnish:</b> Sampsa Toivanen, Mikko Ristilä.


1112  
<b>French:</b> Luc Carissimo, Anne Colin du&nbsp;Terrail, Sean M. Burke, Theo Morelli.


1113  
<b>Galician:</b> Laura Probaos.


1114  
<b>Georgian:</b> Giorgi Lebanidze.


1115  
<b>German:</b> Christoph Päper, Otto Stolz, Karl Pentzlin, David Krings,


1116  
Frank da&nbsp;Cruz, Peter Keel (Seegras), Elias Glantschnig.


1117  
<b>Gothic:</b> Aur&eacute;lien Coudurier.


1118  
<b>Greek:</b> Ariel Glenn, Constantine Stathopoulos, Siva Nataraja, Christos Georgiou.


1119  
<b>Hebrew:</b> Jonathan Rosenne, Tal Barnea.


1120  
<b>Hausa:</b> Malami Buba, Tom Gewecke.


1121  
<b>Hawaiian:</b> na Hauʻoli Motta, Anela de&nbsp;Rego, Kaliko Trapp.


1122  
<b>Hindi:</b> Shirish Kalele, Nitin Dahra.


1123  
<b>Hungarian:</b> András Rácz, Mark Holczhammer.


1124  
<b>Icelandic:</b> Andrés Magnússon, Sveinn Baldursson.


1125  
<b>International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA):</b> Siva Nataraja / Vincent Ramos.


1126  
<b>Inuktitut</b>: Louise Hope.


1127  
<b>Irish:</b> Michael Everson, Marion Gunn, James Kass, Curtis Clark.


1128  
<b>Italian:</b> Thomas De Bellis.


1129  
<b>Jamaican:</b> Stephen J. Cherin.


1130  
<b>Japanese:</b> Makoto Takahashi, Yurio Miyazawa.


1131  
<b>Kannada:</b> Sridhar&nbsp;R&nbsp;N, Alok G. Singh.


1132  
<b>Karelian:</b> Aleksandr Semakov.


1133  
<b>Khmer:</b> Tola Sann.


1134  
<b>Kirchröadsj:</b> Roger Stoffers.


1135  
<b>Kreyòl:</b> Sean M. Burke.


1136  
<b>Korean:</b> Jungshik Shin.


1137  
<b>Langenfelder Platt:</b> David Krings.


1138  
<b>Lao:</b> Tola Sann.


1139  
<b>Lëtzebuergescht:</b> Stefaan Eeckels.


1140  
<b>Lingala:</b> <a href="http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo">Denis Moyogo Jacquerye</a>


1141  
(<a href="http://info-langues-congo.1sd.org/">Nkóta ya Kɔ́ngɔ míbalé </a>)


1142  
(Nkóta ya Kɔ́ngɔ míbal).


1143  
<b>Lithuanian:</b> Gediminas Grigas.


1144  
<b>Lojban:</b> Edward Cherlin.


1145  
<b>Lusatian:</b> Ronald Schaffhirt.


1146  
<b>Macedonian:</b> Sindi Keesan.


1147  
<b>Malay:</b> Zarina Mustapha.


1148  
<b>Malayam:</b> Anil Matthews.


1149  
<b>Maltese:</b> Kenneth Joseph Vella.


1150  
<b>Manx:</b> &Eacute;anna &Oacute; Br&aacute;daigh.


1151  
<b>Marathi:</b> Shirish Kalele.


1152  
<b>Marquesan:</b> Kaliko Trapp.


1153  
<b>Middle English:</b> Frank da&nbsp;Cruz.


1154  
<b>Milanese:</b> Marco Cimarosti.


1155  
<b>Mongolian:</b> Tom Gewecke.


1156  
<b>Montenegran:</b> Dmitrij D. Czarkoff.


1157  
<b>Napoletano:</b> Diego Quintano.


1158  
<b>Navajo:</b> Tom Gewecke.


1159  
<a href="http://www.langmaker.com/db/mdl_nordicg.htm"><b>Nórdicg</b></a>:


1160  
Y&#7811;lyan Rott.


1161  
<b>Nepali:</b> Ujjwol Lamichhane, Rabi Tripathi.


1162  
<b>Norwegian:</b> Herman Ranes, Håvard Kvålen.


1163  
<b>Odenwälderisch:</b> Alexander He&szlig;.


1164  
<b>Old Irish:</b> Michael Everson.


1165  
<b>Old Norse:</b> Andrés Magnússon.


1166  
<b>Papiamentu:</b> Bianca and Denise Zanardi.


1167  
<b>Pashto:</b> N.R. Liwal.


1168  
<b>Pfälzisch:</b> Dr. Johannes Sander.


1169  
<b>Picard:</b> Philippe Mennecier.


1170  
<b>Polish:</b> Juliusz Chroboczek, Paweł Przeradowski, Wlodzislaw Kostecki.


1171  
<b>Portuguese:</b> "Cláudio" Alexandre Duarte, Bianca and Denise


1172  
Zanardi, Pedro Palhoto Matos, Wagner Amaral.


1173  
<b>Québécois:</b> Laurent Detillieux.


1174  
<b>Roman:</b> Pierpaolo Bernardi.


1175  
<b>Romanian:</b> Juliusz Chroboczek, Ionel Mugurel.


1176  
<b>Romansch:</b> Alexandre Suter.


1177  
<b>Ruhrdeutsch:</b> "Timwi".


1178  
<b>Russian:</b> Alexey Chernyak, Serge Nesterovitch.


1179  
<b>Sami:</b> Anne Colin du&nbsp;Terrail, Luc Carissimo.


1180  
<b>Sanskrit:</b> Siva Nataraja / Vincent Ramos.


1181  
<b>Sächsisch:</b> André Müller.


1182  
<b>Schwäbisch:</b> Otto Stolz.


1183  
<b>Scots:</b> Jonathan Riddell.


1184  
<b>Serbian:</b> Dmitrij D. Czarkoff, Sindi Keesan, Ranko Narancic, Boris Daljevic, Szilvia Csorba,


1185  
O.&nbsp;Dag.


1186  
<b>Sinhalese:</b> Abdul-Ahad (ASM).


1187  
<b>Slovak:</b> G. Adam Stanislav, Radovan Garabík.


1188  
<b>Slovenian:</b> Albert Kolar.


1189  
<b>Spanish:</b> <a href="http://www.aleida.net">Aleida Morel</a>, Laura Probaos.


1190  
<b>Swahili:</b> Ronald Schaffhirt.


1191  
<b>Swedish:</b> Christian Rose, Bengt Larsson.


1192  
<b>Taiwanese:</b> Henry H. Tan-Tenn.


1193  
<b>Tagalog:</b> Jim Soliven.


1194  
<b>Tamil:</b> Vasee Vaseeharan, Vetrivel P.


1195  
<b>Telugu:</b> Arjuna Rao Chavala.


1196  
<b>Tibetan:</b> D. Germano, Tom Gewecke.


1197  
<b>Thai:</b> Alan Wood's wife.


1198  
<b>Turkish:</b> Vaçe Kundakçı, Tom Gewecke, Merlign Olnon.


1199  
<b>Ukrainian:</b> Michael Zajac, Oleg Podsadny.


1200  
<b>Ulster Gaelic:</b> Ciarán Ó Duibhín.


1201  
<b>Urdu:</b> Mustafa Ali.


1202  
<a href="http://nomfoundation.org/"><b>Vietnamese</b></a>: Dixon Au,


1203  
[James] Đỗ Bá Phước


1204  
<font face="PMingLiU">&#x675c; &#x4f2f; &#x798f;</font>.


1205  
<b>Walloon:</b> Pablo Saratxaga.


1206  
<b>Welsh:</b> Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (Andrew).


1207  
<b>Yiddish:</b> Mark David.


1208  
<b>Zeneise:</b> Angelo Pavese.


1209  


1210  
<p>


1211  


1212  
<dt><b>Tools Used to Create This Web Page:</b></dt>


1213  


1214  
<dd>The UTF8-aware <a href="k95.html">Kermit 95</a> terminal emulator on


1215  
Windows, to a Unix host with the <a


1216  
href="http://www.gnu.org/directory/emacs.html">EMACS</a> text editor.  Kermit


1217  
95 displays UTF-8 and also allows keyboard entry of arbitrary Unicode BMP


1218  
characters as 4 hex digits, as shown <a href="glass.html">HERE</a>.  Hex codes


1219  
for Unicode values can be found in <a


1220  
href="http://www.unicode.org/unicode/uni2book/u2.html">The Unicode


1221  
Standard</a> (recommended) and the <a


1222  
href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/">online code charts</a>.  When


1223  
submissions arrive by email encoded in some other character set (Latin-1,


1224  
Latin-2, KOI, various PC code pages, JEUC, etc), I use the TRANSLATE command


1225  
of <a href="ckermit.html">C-Kermit</a> on the Unix host (<a


1226  
href="safe.html">where I read my mail</a>) to convert the character set to


1227  
UTF-8 (I could also use Kermit 95 for this; it has the same TRANSLATE


1228  
command).  That's it -- no "Web authoring" tools, no locales, no "smart"


1229  
anything.  It's just plain text, nothing more.  By the way, there's nothing


1230  
special about EMACS -- any text editor will do, providing it allows entry of


1231  
arbitrary 8-bit bytes as text, including the 0x80-0x9F "C1" range.  EMACS 21.1


1232  
actually supports UTF-8; earlier versions don't know about it and display the


1233  
octal codes; either way is OK for this purpose.


1234  


1235  
<p>


1236  


1237  
<dt><b>Commentary:</b>


1238  
<dd>Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2002 13:21:59 +0100<br>


1239  
From: "Bruno DEDOMINICIS" <tt>&lt;b.dedominicis@cite-sciences.fr&gt;</tt><br>


1240  
Subject: Je peux manger du verre, cela ne me fait pas mal.


1241  


1242  
<p>


1243  


1244  
I just found out your website and it makes me feel like proposing an


1245  
interpretation of the choice of this peculiar phrase.


1246  


1247  
<p>


1248  


1249  
Glass is transparent and can hurt as everyone knows. The relation between


1250  
people and civilisations is sometimes effusional and more often rude. The


1251  
concept of breaking frontiers through globalization, in a way, is also an


1252  
attempt to deny any difference.  Isn't "transparency" the flag of modernity?


1253  
Nothing should be hidden any more, authority is obsolete, and the new powers


1254  
are supposed to reign through loving and smiling and no more through


1255  
coercion...


1256  


1257  
<p>


1258  


1259  
Eating glass without pain sounds like a very nice metaphor of this attempt.


1260  
That is, frontiers should become glass transparent first, and be denied by


1261  
incorporating them.  On the reverse, it shows that through globalization,


1262  
frontiers undergo a process of displacement, that is, when they are not any


1263  
more speakable, they become repressed from the speech and are therefore


1264  
incorporated and might become painful symptoms, as for example what happens


1265  
when one tries to eat glass.


1266  


1267  
<p>


1268  


1269  
The frontiers that used to separate bodies one from another tend to divide


1270  
bodies from within and make them suffer....  The chosen phrase then appears


1271  
as a denial of the symptom that might result from the destitution of


1272  
traditional frontiers.


1273  


1274  
<p>


1275  
Best,<br>


1276  
Bruno De Dominicis, Paris, France


1277  
</dl>


1278  


1279  
<p>


1280  
<b>Other Unicode pages onsite:</b>


1281  
<ul>


1282  
<li><a href="postal.html">Frank's Compulsive Guide to Postal Addresses</a>


1283  
(especially the <a href="postal.html#index">Index</a>)


1284  
<li><a href="http://www.columbia.edu/~fdc/pace/">Peace in All Languages</a>


1285  
<li><a href="sshclient-be.html">Kermit 95 кліента SSH</a>


1286  
(Kermit 95 SSH Client documentation in Belarusian)


1287  
<li><a href="st-erkenwald.html">Representing Middle English on the Web with UTF-8</a>


1288  
<li><a href="biblio.html">The Kermit Bibliography</a> (in UTF-8)


1289  
<li><a href="accents.html">Interchange of Non-English Computer Text</a>


1290  
(UTF-8 math and box-drawing)


1291  
<li><a href="utf8-t1.html">Unicode Table</a> (in UTF-8)


1292  
</ul>


1293  
<p>


1294  
<b>Unicode samplers and resources offsite:</b>


1295  
<ul>


1296  
<li><a href="http://rishida.net/scripts/uniview/conversion">Unicode Code


1297  
Converter</a> (converts among different Unicode


1298  
encoding forms and notations).


1299  


1300  
<li><a href="http://unicode.org/cldr/utility/confusables.jsp?a=paypal&n=on&x=on">Confusables</a> (every silver lining has a cloud).


1301  
<li><a href="http://www.seigniorage.de/">Seigniorage</a> (Central Banks worldwide).


1302  
<li>Michael Everson's


1303  
<a href="http://www.evertype.com/scriptbib.html">Bibliography of Typography


1304  
and Scripts</a>


1305  
<li><a href="http://www.code2000.net/englishtestutf.htm">Does your browser


1306  
support Unicode English?</a> (James Kass)


1307  
<li><a href="http://crism.maden.org/dunno.html">I don't know, I only work here</a>


1308  
<li><a href="http://www.trigeminal.com/samples/provincial.html">Anyone


1309  
can be provincial!</a>


1310  
<!-- defunct


1311  
<li><a href="http://www.macchiato.com/unicode/Unicode_transcriptions.html">Transcriptions of "Unicode"</a>


1312  
-->


1313  
<li><a href="http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode-example.html">Example


1314  
Unicode Usage for Business Applications</a>


1315  
<li><a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#apps">UTF-8 and


1316  
Unicode FAQ for Unix/Linux</a>


1317  
</ul>


1318  
<p>


1319  
<b>Unicode fonts:</b>


1320  
<ul>


1321  
<li><a href="http://www.code2000.net/">Code 2000</a> (James Kass)


1322  


1323  
<li><a href="http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/fonts.html">Unicode Fonts


1324  
for Windows Computers</a> (Alan Wood)


1325  
<li><a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs-fonts.html">Unicode Fonts and


1326  
Tools for X11</a> (Markus Kuhn)


1327  
<li><a href="http://www.evertype.com/emono/">Everson Mono</a> (Michael


1328  
Everson)


1329  
<li><a href="http://www.monotype.com">Agfa Monotype</a> (now fonts.com)


1330  
</ul>


1331  


1332  
<p>


1333  
[ <a href="k95.html">Kermit 95</a> ]


1334  
[ <a href="glass.html">K95 Screen Shots</a> ]


1335  
[ <a href="ckermit.html">C-Kermit</a> ]


1336  
[ <a href="index.html">Kermit Home</a> ]


1337  
[ <a href="http://www.unicode.org/help/display_problems.html">Display Problems?</a> ]


1338  
[ <a href="http://www.unicode.org">The Unicode Consortium</a> ]


1339  
<hr>


1340  
<ADDRESS>


1341  
UTF-8 Sampler / <a href="index.html">The Kermit Project</a> /


1342  
<a href="http://www.columbia.edu">Columbia University</a> /


1343  
<a href="mailto:kermit@kermitproject.org">kermit@kermitproject.org</a>


1344  
</ADDRESS>


1345  
</body>


1346  
</html>



      
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    31.19.51.233
  

    

    Public (visible to everyone):
    Yes
  

  

    Archived (hidden from active list):
    No
  

  

    Created/modified:
      2016-10-25 18:18:37
  

  

    Source code size:
    71543 bytes / 1346 lines
  

  

    Pitched / IR pitched:
    No / No
  

    

    Views / Downloads:
    462 / 156
  

      

    Referenced in:
[show references]