// A naive suffix tree implementation
sclass SuffixTree {
  Node root;
  S fullText;
  int nodeCount;
  bool useTailOptimization; // doesn't work yet
  
  Comparator<IFirstChar> childComparator = (a, b) -> a.firstCharOrMinus1(this)-b.firstCharOrMinus1(this);
  new DummyNode dummyNode;
  new Map<Int, Node> tailMap; // position -> node already made
  
  sinterface IFirstChar {
    int firstCharOrMinus1(SuffixTree tree);
  }
  
  sclass DummyNode implements IFirstChar {
    int firstChar;
    
    public int firstCharOrMinus1(SuffixTree tree) { ret firstChar; }
  }

  sclass Node implements IFirstChar {
    int from, to; // our range in fullText
    O children; // null, a Node or Node[] sorted by first character

    *() {}
    *(int *from, int *to) {}
    *(Substring s) { from = s.startIndex(); to = s.endIndex(); }
    
    Substring text(SuffixTree tree) { ret Substring(tree.fullText, from, to); }
    
    int lText() { ret to-from; }
    
    bool isTerminal(SuffixTree tree) { ret to == l(tree.fullText); }
    
    void addChild(SuffixTree tree, Node n) {
      if (children == null) children = n;
      else if (children cast Node)
        children = sortArrayInPlace(new Node[] {children, n}, tree.childComparator);
      else {
        Node[] c = cast children;
        Node[] x = new[l(c)+1];
        arraycopy(c, 0, x, 0, l(c));
        x[l(x)-1] = n;
        children = sortArrayInPlace(x, tree.childComparator);
      }
    }
    
    Cl<Node> children() {
      if (children == null) ret emptyList();
      if (children cast Node) ret ll(children);
      ret wrapArrayAsList((Node[]) children);
    }
    
    public int firstCharOrMinus1(SuffixTree tree) {
      ret charToIntOrMinus1(text(tree));
    }
    
    Node getChild(SuffixTree tree, int c) {
      if (children == null) null;
      if (children cast Node)
        ret children.firstCharOrMinus1(tree) == c ? children : null;
      tree.dummyNode.firstChar = c;
      Node[] x = cast children;
      int i = Arrays.binarySearch(x, tree.dummyNode, tree.childComparator);
      ret i >= 0 ? x[i] : null;
    }
  }

  *() {}
  *(S fullText) {
    processText(fullText);
  }
  
  void processText(S fullText) {
    this.fullText = fullText;
    root = new Node(0, 0);
    ++nodeCount;
    for i over fullText: {
    //for (int i = l(fullText)-1; i >= 0; i--) {
      addSuffix(Substring(fullText, i));
      if (((i+1) % 1000000) == 0)
        print((i+1) + " suffixes added (" + nNodes(nodeCount) + ")");
    }
    doneBuilding();
  }
  
  void doneBuilding {
    tailMap = null;
  }

  void addSuffix(Substring s) {
    Node node = root;
    
    while (!empty(s)) {
      int _n = lCommonPrefix_CharSequence(node.text(SuffixTree.this), s);
      s = s.substring(_n);
      if (_n >= node.lText()) { // node text exhausted
        if (empty(s)) { // pattern also exhausted - done
          //print("Exhausted: " + node.from + "/" + node.to);
          // add a new termination node
          Node nNew = newNode(s);
          node.addChild(SuffixTree.this, nNew);
          ret;
        } else { // node text exhausted, pattern not exhausted
          Node n = node.getChild(SuffixTree.this, charToIntOrMinus1(s));
          if (n == null) {
            n = newNode(s);
            node.addChild(SuffixTree.this, n);
            ret;
          } else
            node = n;
        }
      } else { // node text not exhausted, pattern not exhausted
        // split node. first, move all the node's vitals to a new node nOld
        Node nOld = newNode(node.from+_n, node.to);
        nOld.children = node.children;
        node.children = null;
        node.to = node.from+_n;
        node.addChild(SuffixTree.this, nOld);

        // now add a new node
        Node nNew = newNode(s);
        node.addChild(SuffixTree.this, nNew);
        ret;
      }
    }
  }

  public L<Int> indicesOf(S pattern) {
    ret asList(indicesOf_iterator(pattern));
  }

  public ItIt<Int> indicesOf_iterator(S pattern) {
    ret mapI_notNull(allNodesUnder(scanDown(root, pattern)),
      nad -> nad.node.isTerminal(this) ? nad.position() : null);
  }
  
  srecord NodeAndDepth(Node node, int depth) {
    int position() {
      int position = node.from-depth;
      //print("from=" + node.from + ", to=" + node.to + ", depth=" + depth + ", position=" + position);
      ret position;
    }
    
    Cl<NodeAndDepth> children() {
      ret lmap wrapChild(node.children());
    }
    
    NodeAndDepth wrapChild(Node n) {
      ret n == null ? null : new NodeAndDepth(n, depth+node.lText());
    }
    
    NodeAndDepth getChild(SuffixTree tree, int c) {
      ret wrapChild(node.getChild(tree, c));
    }
  }

  NodeAndDepth scanDown(Node node, S pattern) {
    int lPattern = l(pattern), iPattern = 0;
    NodeAndDepth nad = new(node, 0);
    while true {
      int n = lCommonPrefix_CharSequence(nad.node.text(this), Substring(pattern, iPattern));
      iPattern += n;
      if (iPattern >= lPattern) break; // pattern exhausted - done
      if (n < nad.node.lText()) null; // mismatch, exit
      NodeAndDepth child = nad.getChild(SuffixTree.this, charAtAsIntOrMinus1(pattern, iPattern));
      if (child != null) continue with nad = child;
      null;
    }
    
    ret nad;
  }
  
  void printMe() {
    printNode("", "", new NodeAndDepth(root, 0));
  }
  
  void printNode(S indent, S pre, NodeAndDepth nad) {
    print(indent + pre + quote(shorten(20, nad.node.text(this))) + (!nad.node.isTerminal(this) ? "" : " [" + nad.position() + "]"));
    fOr (NodeAndDepth n : nad.children()) {
      printNode(indent + "  ", "[" + (n.node.lText() == 0 ? "end" : quote(n.node.text(this).charAt(0))) + "] ", n);
    }
  }
  
  ItIt<NodeAndDepth> allNodes() {
    ret allNodesUnder(new NodeAndDepth(root, 0));
  }
  
  // includes the node itself
  ItIt<NodeAndDepth> allNodesUnder(NodeAndDepth nad) {
    new L<Iterator<NodeAndDepth>> stack;
    if (nad != null)
      stack.add(iteratorLL(nad));
    ret iteratorFromFunction_if0(() -> {
      while (nempty(stack)) {
        if (!last(stack).hasNext())
          popLast(stack);
        else {
          NodeAndDepth n = last(stack).next();
          stack.add((Iterator) iterator(n.children()));
          ret n;
        }
      }
      null;
    });
  }

  // also query & update tailMap
  Node newNode(Substring s) {  
    Node nNew = useTailOptimization && s.endIndex() == l(fullText) ? mapGet(tailMap, s.startIndex()) : null;
    if (nNew == null) {
      nNew = new Node(s);
      ++nodeCount;
      if (useTailOptimization)
        mapPut(tailMap, s.startIndex(), nNew);
    } else {
      print("Using existing node for index " + s.startIndex() + ":");
      printNode("  ", "", new NodeAndDepth(nNew, 0));
    }
    ret nNew;
  }
  
  Node newNode(int from, int to) {  
    ret newNode(Substring(fullText, from, to));
  }
}