import java.util.*;
import java.util.zip.*;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.event.*;
import javax.swing.text.*;
import javax.swing.table.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.lang.ref.*;
import java.lang.management.*;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.spec.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
import javax.imageio.*;
import java.math.*;
import javax.imageio.metadata.*;
import javax.imageio.stream.*;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
import javax.swing.border.*;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.awt.datatransfer.StringSelection;
import javax.swing.event.AncestorListener;
import javax.swing.event.AncestorEvent;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import java.text.*;
import javax.swing.undo.UndoManager;
import java.util.TimeZone;
import java.awt.geom.*;

class main {

static class AModule extends DynPrintLog {
  void start() { try { super.start(); startThread("Start", new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {      AutoCloseable __1 = enter(); try { try {
    test_unstructureMissingClassToBaseClass();
    allTests_structure();
    applause();
  } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }} finally { _close(__1); }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "AutoCloseable __1 = enter(); try { try {\r\n    test_unstructureMissingClassToB..."; }});} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
}
static boolean _moduleClass_AModule = true;
static Thread startThread(Object runnable) {
  return startThread(defaultThreadName(), runnable);
}

static Thread startThread(String name, Object runnable) {
  runnable = wrapAsActivity(runnable);
  return startThread(newThread(toRunnable(runnable), name));
}

static Thread startThread(Thread t) {
  
  _registerThread(t);
  
  t.start();
  return t;
}



static class test_unstructureMissingClassToBaseClass_Blu extends Concept { test_unstructureMissingClassToBaseClass_Blu ref; }
static class test_unstructureMissingClassToBaseClass_Bla extends test_unstructureMissingClassToBaseClass_Blu {}

// make sure best base class is used
static void test_unstructureMissingClassToBaseClass() {
  IF1<String, Class> classFinder = name -> {
    if (eq(name, className(test_unstructureMissingClassToBaseClass_Bla.class))) return null;
    return (Class) callF(_defaultClassFinder(), name);
  };
  structure_Data data = new structure_Data();
  data.storeBaseClasses = true;
  test_unstructureMissingClassToBaseClass_Bla b = unlisted(test_unstructureMissingClassToBaseClass_Bla.class);
  b.ref = b;
  String struct = structure(b, data);
  print("struct", struct);
  Object o = unstructure(struct, classFinder);
  assertEqualsVerbose(test_unstructureMissingClassToBaseClass_Blu.class, _getClass(o));
  assertSameVerbose(o, ((test_unstructureMissingClassToBaseClass_Blu) o).ref);
}



static void allTests_structure() {
  test_structure_customObjects();
  test_structure_synchroList();
  test_restructure_syncLinkedList();
  test_structure_synchroLinkedHashMap();
  test_structure_synchronizedTreeMap();
  test_restructure_MRUCache();
  test_restructure_syncMRUCache();
  test_restructure_MRUAndAllTimeTop();
  test_structure_listContainingItself();
  test_unstructureMissingClassToBaseClass();
}

static void applause() {
  applaud();
}

static volatile PersistableThrowable _handleException_lastException;
static List _handleException_onException = synchroList(ll("printStackTrace2"));

static void _handleException(Throwable e) {
  _handleException_lastException = persistableThrowable(e);
  
  Throwable e2 = innerException(e);
  if (e2.getClass() == RuntimeException.class && eq(e2.getMessage(), "Thread cancelled.") || e2 instanceof InterruptedException)
    return;
    
  for (Object f : cloneList(_handleException_onException)) try {
    callF(f, e);
  } catch (Throwable e3) {
    try {
      printStackTrace2(e3); // not using pcall here - it could lead to endless loops
    } catch (Throwable e4) {
      System.out.println(getStackTrace(e3));
      System.out.println(getStackTrace(e4));
    }
  }
}

static void _close(AutoCloseable c) {
  if (c != null) try {
    c.close();
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    // Some classes stupidly throw an exception on double-closing
    if (c instanceof javax.imageio.stream.ImageOutputStream)
      return;
    else throw rethrow(e);
  }
}

static RuntimeException rethrow(Throwable t) {
  
  if (t instanceof Error)
    _handleError((Error) t);
  
  throw t instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) t : new RuntimeException(t);
}

static RuntimeException rethrow(String msg, Throwable t) {
  throw new RuntimeException(msg, t);
}



static Throwable printStackTrace2(Throwable e) {
  // we go to system.out now - system.err is nonsense
  print(getStackTrace2(e));
  return e;
}

static void printStackTrace2() {
  printStackTrace2(new Throwable());
}

static void printStackTrace2(String msg) {
  printStackTrace2(new Throwable(msg));
}


static String defaultThreadName_name;

static String defaultThreadName() {
  if (defaultThreadName_name == null)
    defaultThreadName_name = "A thread by " + programID();
  return defaultThreadName_name;
}

static Runnable wrapAsActivity(Object r) {
  return toRunnable(r);
}

// runnable = Runnable or String (method name)
static Thread newThread(Object runnable) {
  return new Thread(_topLevelErrorHandling(toRunnable(runnable)));
}

static Thread newThread(Object runnable, String name) {
  if (name == null) name = defaultThreadName();
  return new Thread(_topLevelErrorHandling(toRunnable(runnable)), name);
}

static Thread newThread(String name, Object runnable) {
  return newThread(runnable, name);
}

static Runnable toRunnable(final Object o) {
  if (o instanceof Runnable) return (Runnable) o;
  return new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  callF(o) ;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "callF(o)"; }};
}

static Map<Thread, Boolean> _registerThread_threads;
static Object _onRegisterThread; // voidfunc(Thread)

static Thread _registerThread(Thread t) {
  if (_registerThread_threads == null)
    _registerThread_threads = newWeakHashMap();
  _registerThread_threads.put(t, true);
  vm_generalWeakSubMap("thread2mc").put(t, weakRef(mc()));
  callF(_onRegisterThread, t);
  return t;
}

static void _registerThread() { _registerThread(Thread.currentThread()); }

static boolean eq(Object a, Object b) {
  return a == b || a != null && b != null && a.equals(b);
}



static String className(Object o) {
  return getClassName(o);
}

static Map<Class, ArrayList<Method>> callF_cache = newDangerousWeakHashMap();


  static <A> A callF(F0<A> f) {
    return f == null ? null : f.get();
  }



  static <A, B> B callF(F1<A, B> f, A a) {
    return f == null ? null : f.get(a);
  }



  static <A> A callF(IF0<A> f) {
    return f == null ? null : f.get();
  }



  static <A, B> B callF(IF1<A, B> f, A a) {
    return f == null ? null : f.get(a);
  }



  static <A, B, C> C callF(F2<A, B, C> f, A a, B b) {
    return f == null ? null : f.get(a, b);
  }



  static <A, B, C> C callF(IF2<A, B, C> f, A a, B b) {
    return f == null ? null : f.get(a, b);
  }



  static <A> void callF(VF1<A> f, A a) {
    if (f != null) f.get(a);
  }


static Object callF(Object f, Object... args) {
  if (f instanceof String)
    return callMCWithVarArgs((String) f, args); // possible SLOWDOWN over callMC
    
  return safeCallF(f, args);
}

static Object safeCallF(Object f, Object... args) {
  if (f instanceof Runnable) {
    ((Runnable) f).run();
    return null;
  }
  if (f == null) return null;
  
  Class c = f.getClass();
  ArrayList<Method> methods;
  synchronized(callF_cache) {
    methods = callF_cache.get(c);
    if (methods == null)
      methods = callF_makeCache(c);
  }
  
  int n = l(methods);
  if (n == 0) {
    
    throw fail("No get method in " + getClassName(c));
  }
  if (n == 1) return invokeMethod(methods.get(0), f, args);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    Method m = methods.get(i);
    if (call_checkArgs(m, args, false))
      return invokeMethod(m, f, args);
  }
  throw fail("No matching get method in " + getClassName(c));
}

// used internally
static ArrayList<Method> callF_makeCache(Class c) {
  ArrayList<Method> l = new ArrayList();
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Method m : _c.getDeclaredMethods())
      if (m.getName().equals("get")) {
        makeAccessible(m);
        l.add(m);
      }
    if (!l.isEmpty()) break;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  callF_cache.put(c, l);
  return l;
}

static Object _defaultClassFinder_value = defaultDefaultClassFinder();

static Object _defaultClassFinder() {
  return _defaultClassFinder_value;
}

// make concept instance that is not connected to DB
static <A extends Concept> A unlisted(Class<A> c, Object... args) {
  concepts_unlisted.set(true);
  try {
    return nuObject(c, args);
  } finally {
    concepts_unlisted.set(null);
  }
}

static Concept unlisted(String name, Object... args) {
  Class<? extends Concept> cc = findClass(name);
  concepts_unlisted.set(true);
  try {
    return cc != null ? nuObject(cc) : new Concept(name);
  } finally {
    concepts_unlisted.set(null);
  }
}

static boolean structure_showTiming, structure_checkTokenCount;

static String structure(Object o) {
  return structure(o, new structure_Data());
}

static String structure(Object o, structure_Data d) {
  StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
  d.out = new PrintWriter(sw);
  structure_go(o, d);
  String s = str(sw);
  if (structure_checkTokenCount) {
    print("token count=" + d.n);
    assertEquals("token count", l(javaTokC(s)), d.n);
  }
  return s;
}

static void structure_go(Object o, structure_Data d) {
  structure_1(o, d);
  while (nempty(d.stack))
    popLast(d.stack).run();
}

static void structureToPrintWriter(Object o, PrintWriter out) {
  structure_Data d = new structure_Data();
  d.out = out;
  structure_go(o, d);
}

// leave to false, unless unstructure() breaks
static boolean structure_allowShortening = false;

// info on how to serialize objects of a certain class
static class structure_ClassInfo {
  Class c;
  List<Field> fields;
  Method customSerializer;
  IVF1<Object> serializeObject;
  boolean special, nullInstances;
}

static class structure_Data {
  PrintWriter out;
  int stringSizeLimit;
  int shareStringsLongerThan = 20;
  boolean noStringSharing = false;
  boolean storeBaseClasses = false;

  IdentityHashMap<Object, Integer> seen = new IdentityHashMap();
  //new BitSet refd;
  HashMap<String, Integer> strings = new HashMap();
  HashSet<String> concepts = new HashSet();
  HashMap<Class, structure_ClassInfo> infoByClass = new HashMap();
  HashMap<Class, Field> persistenceInfo = new HashMap();
  int n; // token count
  List<Runnable> stack = new ArrayList();
  
  // append single token
  structure_Data append(String token) { out.print(token); ++n; return this; }
  structure_Data append(int i) { out.print(i); ++n; return this; }
  
  // append multiple tokens
  structure_Data append(String token, int tokCount) { out.print(token); n += tokCount; return this; }
  
  // extend last token
  structure_Data app(String token) { out.print(token); return this; }
  structure_Data app(int i) { out.print(i); return this; }
  
  // called when a new class is detected
  // can be overridden by clients
  structure_ClassInfo newClass(Class c) {
    structure_ClassInfo info = new structure_ClassInfo();
    info.c = c;
    infoByClass.put(c, info);
    if ((info.customSerializer = findMethodNamed(c, "_serialize"))
      != null) info.special = true;
      
    if (storeBaseClasses) {
      Class sup = c.getSuperclass();
      if (sup != Object.class) {
        append("bc ");
        append(shortClassName(c));
        out.print(" ");
        append(shortClassName(sup));
        out.print(" ");
      }
    }
    
    return info;
  }
  
  void setFields(structure_ClassInfo info, List<Field> fields) { 
    info.fields = fields;
  }
}

static void structure_1(final Object o, final structure_Data d) { try {
  if (o == null) { d.append("null"); return; }
  
  Class c = o.getClass();
  boolean concept = false;
  
    concept = o instanceof Concept;
  
  structure_ClassInfo info = d.infoByClass.get(c);
  if (info == null)
    info = d.newClass(c);

  List<Field> lFields = info.fields;
  if (lFields == null) {
    // these are never back-referenced (for readability)
    
    if (o instanceof Number) {
      PrintWriter out = d.out;
if (o instanceof Integer) { int i = ((Integer) o).intValue(); out.print(i); d.n += i < 0 ? 2 : 1; return; }
      if (o instanceof Long) { long l = ((Long) o).longValue(); out.print(l); out.print("L"); d.n += l < 0 ? 2 : 1; return; }
      if (o instanceof Short) { short s = ((Short) o).shortValue(); d.append("sh "); out.print(s); d.n += s < 0 ? 2 : 1; return; }
      if (o instanceof Float) { d.append("fl ", 2); quoteToPrintWriter(str(o), out); return; }
      if (o instanceof Double) { d.append("d(", 3); quoteToPrintWriter(str(o), out); d.append(")"); return; }
      if (o instanceof BigInteger) { out.print("bigint("); out.print(o); out.print(")"); d.n += ((BigInteger) o).signum() < 0 ? 5 : 4; return; }
    }
  
    if (o instanceof Boolean) {
      d.append(((Boolean) o).booleanValue() ? "t" : "f"); return;
    }
      
    if (o instanceof Character) {
      d.append(quoteCharacter((Character) o)); return;
    }
      
    if (o instanceof File) {
      d.append("File ").append(quote(((File) o).getPath())); return;
    }
      
    // referencable objects follow
    
    Integer ref = d.seen.get(o);
    if (o instanceof String && ref == null) ref = d.strings.get((String) o);
    if (ref != null) { /*d.refd.set(ref);*/ d.append("t").app(ref); return; }

    if (!(o instanceof String))
      d.seen.put(o, d.n); // record token number
    else {
      String s = d.stringSizeLimit != 0 ? shorten((String) o, d.stringSizeLimit) : (String) o;
      if (!d.noStringSharing) {
        if (d.shareStringsLongerThan == Integer.MAX_VALUE)
          d.seen.put(o, d.n);
        if (l(s) >= d.shareStringsLongerThan)
          d.strings.put(s, d.n);
      }
      quoteToPrintWriter(s, d.out); d.n++; return;
    }
      
    if (o instanceof Set) {
      /*O set2 = unwrapSynchronizedSet(o);
      if (set2 != o) {
        d.append("sync");
        o = set2;
      } TODO */
      
      if (((Set) o) instanceof TreeSet) {
        d.append(isCISet_gen(((Set) o)) ? "ciset" : "treeset");
        structure_1(new ArrayList(((Set) o)), d);
        return;
      }
      
      // assume it's a HashSet or LinkedHashSet
      d.append(((Set) o) instanceof LinkedHashSet ? "lhs" : "hashset");
      structure_1(new ArrayList(((Set) o)), d);
      return;
    }
    
    String name = c.getName();
    
    if (o instanceof Collection
      && !isJavaXClassName(name)
      /* && neq(name, "main$Concept$RefL") */) {
      
      // it's a list
    
      if (name.equals("java.util.Collections$SynchronizedList")
        || name.equals("java.util.Collections$SynchronizedRandomAccessList")) {
        d.append("sync ");
        { structure_1(unwrapSynchronizedList(((List) o)), d); return; }
      }
      else if (name.equals("java.util.LinkedList")) d.append("ll");
      d.append("[");
      final int l = d.n;
      final Iterator it = ((Collection) o).iterator();
      d.stack.add(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
        if (!it.hasNext())
          d.append("]");
        else {
          d.stack.add(this);
          if (d.n != l) d.append(", ");
          structure_1(it.next(), d);
        }
      
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (!it.hasNext())\r\n          d.append(\"]\");\r\n        else {\r\n          d.sta..."; }});
      return;
    }
    
    if (o instanceof Map && !startsWith(name, "main$")) {
      if (o instanceof LinkedHashMap) d.append("lhm");
      else if (o instanceof HashMap) d.append("hm");
      else if (o instanceof TreeMap)
        d.append(isCIMap_gen(((TreeMap) o)) ? "cimap" : "tm");
      else if (name.equals("java.util.Collections$SynchronizedMap")
        || name.equals("java.util.Collections$SynchronizedSortedMap")
        || name.equals("java.util.Collections$SynchronizedNavigableMap")) {
        d.append("sync "); 
        { structure_1(unwrapSynchronizedMap(((Map) o)), d); return; }
      }
      
      d.append("{");
      final int l = d.n;
      final Iterator it = ((Map) o).entrySet().iterator();
      
      d.stack.add(new Runnable() {
        boolean v = false;
        Map.Entry e;
        
        public void run() {
          if (v) {
            d.append("=");
            v = false;
            d.stack.add(this);
            structure_1(e.getValue(), d);
          } else {
            if (!it.hasNext())
              d.append("}");
            else {
              e = (Map.Entry) it.next();
              v = true;
              d.stack.add(this);
              if (d.n != l) d.append(", ");
              structure_1(e.getKey(), d);
            }
          }
        }
      });
      return;
    }
    
    if (c.isArray()) {
      if (o instanceof byte[]) {
        d.append("ba ").append(quote(bytesToHex((byte[]) o))); return;
      }
  
      final int n = Array.getLength(o);
  
      if (o instanceof boolean[]) {
        String hex = boolArrayToHex((boolean[]) o);
        int i = l(hex);
        while (i > 0 && hex.charAt(i-1) == '0' && hex.charAt(i-2) == '0') i -= 2;
        d.append("boolarray ").append(n).app(" ").append(quote(substring(hex, 0, i))); return;
      }
      
      String atype = "array"/*, sep = ", "*/; // sep is not used yet
  
      if (o instanceof int[]) {
        //ret "intarray " + quote(intArrayToHex((int[]) o));
        atype = "intarray";
        //sep = " ";
      } else if (o instanceof double[]) {
        atype = "dblarray";
        //sep = " ";
      }
      
      d.append(atype).append("{");
      d.stack.add(new Runnable() {
        int i;
        public void run() {
          if (i >= n)
            d.append("}");
          else {
            d.stack.add(this);
            if (i > 0) d.append(", ");
            structure_1(Array.get(o, i++), d);
          }
        }
      });
      return;
    }
  
    if (o instanceof Class) {
      d.append("class(", 2).append(quote(((Class) o).getName())).append(")"); return;
    }
      
    if (o instanceof Throwable) {
      d.append("exception(", 2).append(quote(((Throwable) o).getMessage())).append(")"); return;
    }
      
    if (o instanceof BitSet) {
      BitSet bs = (BitSet) o;
      d.append("bitset{", 2);
      int l = d.n;
      for (int i = bs.nextSetBit(0); i >= 0; i = bs.nextSetBit(i+1)) {
        if (d.n != l) d.append(", ");
        d.append(i);
      }
      d.append("}"); return;
    }
      
    // Need more cases? This should cover all library classes...
    if (name.startsWith("java.") || name.startsWith("javax.")) {
      d.append("j ").append(quote(str(o))); return; // Hm. this is not unstructure-able
    }
    
    
      
    /*if (name.equals("main$Lisp")) {
      fail("lisp not supported right now");
    }*/
    
    if (info.special) {
      if (info.customSerializer != null) {
        // custom serialization (_serialize method)
        Object o2 = invokeMethod(info.customSerializer, o);
        d.append("cu ");
        String shortName = dropPrefix("main$", name);
        d.append(shortName);
        d.out.append(' ');
        structure_1(o2, d);
        return;
      } else if (info.nullInstances) { d.append("null"); return; }
      else if (info.serializeObject != null)
        { info.serializeObject.get(o); return; }
      else throw fail("unknown special type");
    }
    
    String dynName = shortDynamicClassName(o);
    if (concept && !d.concepts.contains(dynName)) {
      d.concepts.add(dynName);
      d.append("c ");
    }
    
    // serialize an object with fields.
    // first, collect all fields and values in fv.
    
    TreeSet<Field> fields = new TreeSet<Field>(new Comparator<Field>() {
      public int compare(Field a, Field b) {
        return stdcompare(a.getName(), b.getName());
      }
    });
    
    Class cc = c;
    while (cc != Object.class) {
      for (Field field : getDeclaredFields_cached(cc)) {
        String fieldName = field.getName();
        if (fieldName.equals("_persistenceInfo"))
          d.persistenceInfo.put(c, field);
        if ((field.getModifiers() & (java.lang.reflect.Modifier.STATIC | java.lang.reflect.Modifier.TRANSIENT)) != 0)
          continue;

        fields.add(field);
        
        // put special cases here...?
      }
        
      cc = cc.getSuperclass();
    }
    
    // TODO: S fieldOrder = getOpt(c, "_fieldOrder");
    lFields = asList(fields);
    
    // Render this$1 first because unstructure needs it for constructor call.
    
    int n = l(lFields);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      Field f = lFields.get(i);
      if (f.getName().equals("this$1")) {
        lFields.remove(i);
        lFields.add(0, f);
        break;
      }
    }
  
    
    d.setFields(info, lFields);
  } // << if (lFields == null)
  else { // ref handling for lFields != null
    Integer ref = d.seen.get(o);
    if (ref != null) { /*d.refd.set(ref);*/ d.append("t").app(ref); return; }
    d.seen.put(o, d.n); // record token number
  }

  Field persistenceInfoField =  (Field) (d.persistenceInfo.get(c));
  Map<String, Object> persistenceInfo = persistenceInfoField == null ? null : (Map) persistenceInfoField.get(o);
  
  LinkedHashMap<String, Object> fv = new LinkedHashMap();
  for (Field f : lFields) {
    Object value;
    try {
      value = f.get(o);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      value = "?";
    }
      
    if (value != null && (persistenceInfo == null
      || !Boolean.FALSE.equals(persistenceInfo.get(f.getName()))))
      fv.put(f.getName(), value);
    
  }
  
  String name = c.getName();
  String shortName = dropPrefix("main$", name); // TODO: drop loadableUtils also
  if (startsWithDigit(shortName)) shortName = name; // for anonymous classes
    
  // Now we have fields & values. Process fieldValues if it's a DynamicObject.
  
  // omit field "className" if equal to class's name
  if (concept && eq(fv.get("className"), shortName))
    fv.remove("className");
          
  if (o instanceof DynamicObject) {
    putAll(fv, (Map) fv.get("fieldValues"));
    fv.remove("fieldValues");
    shortName = shortDynamicClassName(o);
    fv.remove("className");
  }
  
  String singleField = fv.size() == 1 ? first(fv.keySet()) : null;
  
  d.append(shortName);
  d.n += countDots(shortName)*2; // correct token count
  
  
  final int l = d.n;
  final Iterator it = fv.entrySet().iterator();
  
  d.stack.add(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    if (!it.hasNext()) {
      if (d.n != l)
        d.append(")");
    } else {
      Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry) it.next();
      d.append(d.n == l ? "(" : ", ");
      d.append((String) e.getKey()).append("=");
      d.stack.add(this);
      structure_1(e.getValue(), d);
    }
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (!it.hasNext()) {\r\n      if (d.n != l)\r\n        d.append(\")\");\r\n    } else..."; }});
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }


static volatile StringBuffer local_log = new StringBuffer(); // not redirected




static volatile Appendable print_log = local_log; // might be redirected, e.g. to main bot

// in bytes - will cut to half that
static volatile int print_log_max = 1024*1024;
static volatile int local_log_max = 100*1024;

static boolean print_silent = false; // total mute if set

static Object print_byThread_lock = new Object();
static volatile ThreadLocal<Object> print_byThread; // special handling by thread - prefers F1<S, Bool>
static volatile Object print_allThreads;
static volatile Object print_preprocess;

static void print() {
  print("");
}

static <A> A print(String s, A o) {
  print((endsWithLetterOrDigit(s) ? s + ": " : s) + o);
  return o;
}

// slightly overblown signature to return original object...
static <A> A print(A o) {
  ping_okInCleanUp();
  if (print_silent) return o;
  String s = o + "\n";
  print_noNewLine(s);
  return o;
}

static void print_noNewLine(String s) {
  
  try {
    Object f = getThreadLocal(print_byThread_dontCreate());
    if (f == null) f = print_allThreads;
      if (f != null)
        // We do need the general callF machinery here as print_byThread is sometimes shared between modules
        if (isFalse(
          
            f instanceof F1 ? ((F1) f).get(s) :
          
          callF(f, s))) return;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    System.out.println(getStackTrace(e));
  }
  

  print_raw(s);
}

static void print_raw(String s) {
  
  if (print_preprocess != null) s = (String) callF(print_preprocess, s);
  s = fixNewLines(s);
  
  Appendable loc = local_log;
  Appendable buf = print_log;
  int loc_max = print_log_max;
  if (buf != loc && buf != null) {
    print_append(buf, s, print_log_max);
    loc_max = local_log_max;
  }
  if (loc != null) 
    print_append(loc, s, loc_max);
  
  
    System.out.print(s);
  
  vmBus_send("printed",mc(), s);
}

static void print_autoRotate() {
  
}

// TODO: cyclic structures involving certain lists & sets

static Object unstructure(String text) {
  return unstructure(text, false);
}

static Object unstructure(String text, boolean allDynamic) {
  return unstructure(text, allDynamic, null);
}

static Object unstructure(String text, IF1<String, Class> classFinder) {
  return unstructure(text, false, classFinder);
}

static int structure_internStringsLongerThan = 50;
static int unstructure_unquoteBufSize = 100;

static int unstructure_tokrefs; // stats

abstract static class unstructure_Receiver {
  abstract void set(Object o);
}

// classFinder: func(name) -> class (optional)
static Object unstructure(String text, boolean allDynamic,
  Object classFinder) {
  if (text == null) return null;
  return unstructure_tok(javaTokC_noMLS_iterator(text), allDynamic, classFinder);
}

static Object unstructure_reader(BufferedReader reader) {
  return unstructure_tok(javaTokC_noMLS_onReader(reader), false, null);
}

static Object unstructure_tok(final Producer<String> tok, final boolean allDynamic, final Object _classFinder) {
  final boolean debug = unstructure_debug;
  
  final class X {
    int i = -1;
    final Object classFinder = _classFinder != null ? _classFinder : _defaultClassFinder();
    HashMap<Integer, Object> refs = new HashMap();
    HashMap<Integer, Object> tokrefs = new HashMap();
    HashSet<String> concepts = new HashSet();
    HashMap<String, Class> classesMap = new HashMap();
    List<Runnable> stack = new ArrayList();
    Map<String, String> baseClassMap = new HashMap();
    String curT;
    char[] unquoteBuf = new char[unstructure_unquoteBufSize];
    
    Class findAClass(String fullClassName) {
      return classFinder != null ? (Class) callF(classFinder, fullClassName) : findClass_fullName(fullClassName);
    }
    
    String unquote(String s) {
      return unquoteUsingCharArray(s, unquoteBuf); 
    }

    // look at current token
    String t() {
      return curT;
    }
    
    // get current token, move to next
    String tpp() {
      String t = curT;
      consume();
      return t;
    }
    
    void parse(final unstructure_Receiver out) {
      String t = t();
      
      int refID;
      if (structure_isMarker(t, 0, l(t))) {
        refID = parseInt(t.substring(1));
        consume();
      } else refID = -1;
      
      // if (debug) print("parse: " + quote(t));
      
      final int tokIndex = i;  
      parse_inner(refID, tokIndex, new unstructure_Receiver() {
        void set(Object o) {
          if (refID >= 0)
            refs.put(refID, o);
          if (o != null)
            tokrefs.put(tokIndex, o);
          out.set(o);
        }
      });
    }
    
    void parse_inner(int refID, int tokIndex, unstructure_Receiver out) {
      String t = t();
      
      // if (debug) print("parse_inner: " + quote(t));
      
      Class c = classesMap.get(t);
      if (c == null) {
        if (t.startsWith("\"")) {
          String s = internIfLongerThan(unquote(tpp()), structure_internStringsLongerThan);
          out.set(s); return;
        }
        
        if (t.startsWith("'")) {
          out.set(unquoteCharacter(tpp())); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("bigint")) {
          out.set(parseBigInt()); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("d")) {
          out.set(parseDouble()); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("fl")) {
          out.set(parseFloat()); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("sh")) {
          consume();
          t = tpp();
          if (t.equals("-")) {
            t = tpp();
            out.set((short) (-parseInt(t))); return;
          }
          out.set((short) parseInt(t)); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("-")) {
          consume();
          t = tpp();
          out.set(isLongConstant(t) ? (Object) (-parseLong(t)) : (Object) (-parseInt(t))); return;
        }
        if (isInteger(t) || isLongConstant(t)) {
          consume();
          //if (debug) print("isLongConstant " + quote(t) + " => " + isLongConstant(t));
          if (isLongConstant(t)) {
            out.set(parseLong(t)); return;
          }
          long l = parseLong(t);
          boolean isInt = l == (int) l;
          
            print("l=" + l + ", isInt: " + isInt);
          
          out.set(isInt ? (Object) Integer.valueOf((int) l) : (Object) Long.valueOf(l)); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("false") || t.equals("f")) {
          consume(); out.set(false); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("true") || t.equals("t")) {
          consume(); out.set(true); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("-")) {
          consume();
          t = tpp();
          out.set(isLongConstant(t) ? (Object) (-parseLong(t)) : (Object) (-parseInt(t))); return;
        }
        if (isInteger(t) || isLongConstant(t)) {
          consume();
          //if (debug) print("isLongConstant " + quote(t) + " => " + isLongConstant(t));
          if (isLongConstant(t)) {
            out.set(parseLong(t)); return;
          }
          long l = parseLong(t);
          boolean isInt = l == (int) l;
          
            print("l=" + l + ", isInt: " + isInt);
          
          out.set(isInt ? (Object) Integer.valueOf((int) l) : (Object) Long.valueOf(l)); return;
        }
        
        if (t.equals("File")) {
          consume();
          File f = new File(unquote(tpp()));
          out.set(f); return;
        }
        
        if (t.startsWith("r") && isInteger(t.substring(1))) {
          consume();
          int ref = Integer.parseInt(t.substring(1));
          Object o = refs.get(ref);
          if (o == null)
            throw fail("unsatisfied back reference " + ref);
          out.set(o); return;
        }
      
        if (t.startsWith("t") && isInteger(t.substring(1))) {
          consume();
          int ref = Integer.parseInt(t.substring(1));
          Object o = tokrefs.get(ref);
          if (o == null)
            throw fail("unsatisfied token reference " + ref + " at " + tokIndex);
          out.set(o); return;
        }
        
        if (t.equals("hashset")) { parseHashSet(out); return; }
        if (t.equals("lhs")) { parseLinkedHashSet(out); return; }
        if (t.equals("treeset")) { parseTreeSet(out); return; }
        if (t.equals("ciset")) { parseCISet(out); return; }
        
        if (eqOneOf(t, "hashmap", "hm")) {
          consume();
          parseMap(new HashMap(), out);
          return;
        }
        if (t.equals("lhm")) {
          consume();
          parseMap(new LinkedHashMap(), out);
          return;
        }
        if (t.equals("tm")) {
          consume();
          parseMap(new TreeMap(), out);
          return;
        }
        if (t.equals("cimap")) {
          consume();
          parseMap(ciMap(), out);
          return;
        }
        
        if (t.equals("ll")) {
          consume();
          LinkedList l = new LinkedList();
          if (refID >= 0) refs.put(refID, l);
          { parseList(l, out); return; }
        }

        if (t.equals("syncLL")) { // legacy
          consume();
          { parseList(synchroLinkedList(), out); return; }
        }

        if (t.equals("sync")) {
          consume();
          { parse(new unstructure_Receiver() {
            void set(Object value) {
              if (value instanceof Map) {
                 // Java 7
                if (value instanceof NavigableMap)
                  { out.set(Collections.synchronizedNavigableMap((NavigableMap) value)); return; }
                
                if (value instanceof SortedMap)
                  { out.set(Collections.synchronizedSortedMap((SortedMap) value)); return; }
                { out.set(Collections.synchronizedMap((Map) value)); return; }
              } else
                { out.set(Collections.synchronizedList((List) value)); return; }
            }
          }); return; }
        }
        
        if (t.equals("{")) {
          parseMap(out); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("[")) {
          ArrayList l = new ArrayList();
          if (refID >= 0) refs.put(refID, l);
          this.parseList(l, out); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("bitset")) {
          parseBitSet(out); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("array") || t.equals("intarray") || t.equals("dblarray")) {
          parseArray(out); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("ba")) {
          consume();
          String hex = unquote(tpp());
          out.set(hexToBytes(hex)); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("boolarray")) {
          consume();
          int n = parseInt(tpp());
          String hex = unquote(tpp());
          out.set(boolArrayFromBytes(hexToBytes(hex), n)); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("class")) {
          out.set(parseClass()); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("l")) {
          parseLisp(out); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("null")) {
          consume(); out.set(null); return;
        }
        
        if (eq(t, "c")) {
          consume();
          t = t();
          assertTrue(isJavaIdentifier(t));
          concepts.add(t);
        }
        
        // custom deserialization (new static method method)
        if (eq(t, "cu")) {
          consume();
          t = tpp();
          assertTrue(isJavaIdentifier(t));
          String fullClassName = "main$" + t;
          Class _c = findAClass(fullClassName);
          if (_c == null) throw fail("Class not found: " + fullClassName);
          parse(new unstructure_Receiver() {
            void set(Object value) {
              
                print("Consumed custom object, next token: " + t());
              
              out.set(call(_c, "_deserialize", value));
            }
          });
          return;
        }
      }
      
      if (eq(t, "j")) {
        consume();
        out.set(parseJava()); return;
      }
      
      if (eq(t, "bc")) {
        consume();
        String c1 = tpp();
        String c2 = tpp();
        baseClassMap.put(c1, c2);
        { parse_inner(refID, i, out); return; }
      }
      
      // add more tokens here

      if (c == null && !isJavaIdentifier(t))
        throw new RuntimeException("Unknown token " + (i+1) + ": " + quote(t));
        
      // any other class name (or package name)
      consume();
      String className, fullClassName;
      
      // Is it a package name?
      if (eq(t(), ".")) {
        consume();
        className = fullClassName = t + "." + assertIdentifier(tpp());
      } else {
        className = t;
        fullClassName = "main$" + t;
      }
      
      if (c == null && !allDynamic) {
        // First, find class
        c = findAClass(fullClassName);
        if (c != null)
          classesMap.put(className, c);
      }
      
      // check for existing base class
      if (c == null && !allDynamic) {
        String baseName = baseClassMap.get(className);
        if (baseName != null) {
          c = findAClass("main$" + baseName);
          if (c != null)
            classesMap.put(className, c);
        }
        
          printVars_str("c", c, "className", className, "baseName", baseName, "baseClassMap", baseClassMap);
        
      }
          
      // Check if it has an outer reference
      boolean hasBracket = eq(t(), "(");
      if (hasBracket) consume();
      boolean hasOuter = hasBracket && eq(t(), "this$1");
      
      DynamicObject dO = null;
      Object o = null;
      final String thingName = t;
      if (c != null) {
        o = hasOuter ? nuStubInnerObject(c, classFinder) : nuEmptyObject(c);
        if (o instanceof DynamicObject) dO = (DynamicObject) o;
      } else {
        if (concepts.contains(t) && (c = findAClass("main$Concept")) != null)
          o = dO = (DynamicObject) nuEmptyObject(c);
        else
          dO = new DynamicObject();
        dO.className = className;
        
          print("Made dynamic object " + t + " " + shortClassName(dO));
        
      }
      
      // Save in references list early because contents of object
      // might link back to main object
      
      if (refID >= 0)
        refs.put(refID, o != null ? o : dO);
      tokrefs.put(tokIndex, o != null ? o : dO);
      
      // NOW parse the fields!
      
      HashMap<String, Object> fields = new HashMap(); // no longer preserving order (why did we do this?)
      Object _o = o;
      DynamicObject _dO = dO;
      if (hasBracket) {
        stack.add(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
          
            print("in object values, token: " + t());
          
          if (eq(t(), ",")) consume();
          if (eq(t(), ")")) {
            consume(")");
            objRead(_o, _dO, fields, hasOuter);
            out.set(_o != null ? _o : _dO);
          } else {
            final String key = unquote(tpp());
            String t = tpp();
            if (!eq(t, "="))
              throw fail("= expected, got " + t + " after " + quote(key) + " in object " + thingName /*+ " " + sfu(fields)*/);
            stack.add(this);
            parse(new unstructure_Receiver() {
              void set(Object value) {
                fields.put(key, value);
                /*ifdef unstructure_debug
                  print("Got field value " + value + ", next token: " + t());
                endifdef*/
                //if (eq(t(), ",")) consume();
              }
            });
          }
        
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "ifdef unstructure_debug\r\n            print(\"in object values, token: \" + t())..."; }});
      } else {
        objRead(o, dO, fields, hasOuter);
        out.set(o != null ? o : dO);
      }
    }
    
    void objRead(Object o, DynamicObject dO, Map<String, Object> fields, boolean hasOuter) {
      
      print("objRead " + className(o) + " " + className(dO) + " " + struct(fields));
      
      if (o != null) {
        if (dO != null) {
          
            printStructure("setOptAllDyn", fields);
          
          setOptAllDyn_pcall(dO, fields);
        } else {
          setOptAll_pcall(o, fields);
          
            print("objRead now: " + struct(o));
          
        }
        if (hasOuter)
          fixOuterRefs(o);
      } else for (Map.Entry<String, Object> e : fields.entrySet())
        setDynObjectValue(dO, intern(e.getKey()), e.getValue());

      if (o != null)
        pcallOpt_noArgs(o, "_doneLoading");
    }
    
    void parseSet(final Set set, final unstructure_Receiver out) {
      this.parseList(new ArrayList(), new unstructure_Receiver() {
        void set(Object o) {
          set.addAll((List) o);
          out.set(set);
        }
      });
    }
    
    void parseLisp(final unstructure_Receiver out) {
      
      
      throw fail("class Lisp not included");
    }
    
    void parseBitSet(final unstructure_Receiver out) {
      consume("bitset");
      consume("{");
      final BitSet bs = new BitSet();
      stack.add(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
        if (eq(t(), "}")) {
          consume("}");
          out.set(bs);
        } else {
          stack.add(this);
          parse(new unstructure_Receiver() {
            void set(Object o) {
              bs.set((Integer) o);
              if (eq(t(), ",")) consume();
            }
          });
        }
      
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (eq(t(), \"}\")) {\r\n          consume(\"}\");\r\n          out.set(bs);\r\n       ..."; }});
    }
    
    void parseList(final List list, final unstructure_Receiver out) {
      tokrefs.put(i, list);
      consume("[");
      stack.add(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
        if (eq(t(), "]")) {
          consume();
          
            print("Consumed list, next token: " + t());
          
          out.set(list);
        } else {
          stack.add(this);
          parse(new unstructure_Receiver() {
            void set(Object o) {
              //if (debug) print("List element type: " + getClassName(o));
              list.add(o);
              if (eq(t(), ",")) consume();
            }
          });
        }
      
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (eq(t(), \"]\")) {\r\n          consume();\r\n          ifdef unstructure_debug\r..."; }});
    }
    
    void parseArray(final unstructure_Receiver out) {
      final String type = tpp();
      consume("{");
      final List list = new ArrayList();
      
      stack.add(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
        if (eq(t(), "}")) {
          consume("}");
          out.set(
            type.equals("intarray") ? toIntArray(list)
            : type.equals("dblarray") ? toDoubleArray(list)
            : list.toArray());
        } else {
          stack.add(this);
          parse(new unstructure_Receiver() {
            void set(Object o) {
              list.add(o);
              if (eq(t(), ",")) consume();
            }
          });
        }
      
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (eq(t(), \"}\")) {\r\n          consume(\"}\");\r\n          out.set(\r\n           ..."; }});
    }
    
    Object parseClass() {
      consume("class");
      consume("(");
      String name = unquote(tpp());
      consume(")");
      Class c = allDynamic ? null : findAClass(name);
      if (c != null) return c;
      DynamicObject dO = new DynamicObject();
      dO.className = "java.lang.Class";
      name = dropPrefix("main$", name);
      dO.fieldValues.put("name", name);
      return dO;
    }
    
    Object parseBigInt() {
      consume("bigint");
      consume("(");
      String val = tpp();
      if (eq(val, "-"))
        val = "-" + tpp();
      consume(")");
      return new BigInteger(val);
    }
    
    Object parseDouble() {
      consume("d");
      consume("(");
      String val = unquote(tpp());
      consume(")");
      return Double.parseDouble(val);
    }
    
    Object parseFloat() {
      consume("fl");
      String val;
      if (eq(t(), "(")) {
        consume("(");
        val = unquote(tpp());
        consume(")");
      } else {
        val = unquote(tpp());
      }
      return Float.parseFloat(val);
    }
    
    void parseHashSet(unstructure_Receiver out) {
      consume("hashset");
      parseSet(new HashSet(), out);
    }
    
    void parseLinkedHashSet(unstructure_Receiver out) {
      consume("lhs");
      parseSet(new LinkedHashSet(), out);
    }
    
    void parseTreeSet(unstructure_Receiver out) {
      consume("treeset");
      parseSet(new TreeSet(), out);
    }
    
    void parseCISet(unstructure_Receiver out) {
      consume("ciset");
      parseSet(ciSet(), out);
    }
    
    void parseMap(unstructure_Receiver out) {
      parseMap(new TreeMap(), out);
    }
    
    Object parseJava() {
      String j = unquote(tpp());
      Matches m = new Matches();
      if (jmatch("java.awt.Color[r=*,g=*,b=*]", j, m))
        return nuObject("java.awt.Color", parseInt(m.unq(0)), parseInt(m.unq(1)), parseInt(m.unq(2)));
      else {
        warn("Unknown Java object: " + j);
        return null;
      }
    }
    
    void parseMap(final Map map, final unstructure_Receiver out) {
      consume("{");
      stack.add(new Runnable() {
        boolean v = false;
        Object key;
        
        public void run() { 
          if (v) {
            v = false;
            stack.add(this);
            if (!eq(tpp(), "="))
              throw fail("= expected, got " + t() + " in map of size " + l(map));

            parse(new unstructure_Receiver() {
              void set(Object value) {
                map.put(key, value);
                
                  print("parseMap: Got value " + getClassName(value) + ", next token: " + quote(t()));
                
                if (eq(t(), ",")) consume();
              }
            });
          } else {
            if (eq(t(), "}")) {
              consume("}");
              out.set(map);
            } else {
              v = true;
              stack.add(this);
              parse(new unstructure_Receiver() {
                void set(Object o) {
                  key = o;
                }
              });
            }
          } // if v else
        } // run()
      });
    }
    
    /*void parseSub(unstructure_Receiver out) {
      int n = l(stack);
      parse(out);
      while (l(stack) > n)
        stack
    }*/
    
    void consume() { curT = tok.next(); ++i; }
    
    void consume(String s) {
      if (!eq(t(), s)) {
        /*S prevToken = i-1 >= 0 ? tok.get(i-1) : "";
        S nextTokens = join(tok.subList(i, Math.min(i+2, tok.size())));
        fail(quote(s) + " expected: " + prevToken + " " + nextTokens + " (" + i + "/" + tok.size() + ")");*/
        throw fail(quote(s) + " expected, got " + quote(t()));
      }
      consume();
    }
    
    // outer wrapper function getting first token and unwinding the stack
    void parse_initial(unstructure_Receiver out) {
      consume(); // get first token
      parse(out);
      while (nempty(stack))
        popLast(stack).run();
    }
  }
  
  ThreadLocal<Boolean> tlLoading = dynamicObjectIsLoading_threadLocal();
  Boolean b = tlLoading.get();
  tlLoading.set(true);
  try {
    final Var v = new Var();
    X x = new X();
    x.parse_initial(new unstructure_Receiver() {
      void set(Object o) { v.set(o); }
    });
    unstructure_tokrefs = x.tokrefs.size();
    return v.get();
  } finally {
    tlLoading.set(b);
  }
}

static boolean unstructure_debug = false;

static <A> A assertEqualsVerbose(Object x, A y) {
  assertEqualsVerbose((String) null, x, y);
  return y;
}

// x = expected, y = actual
static <A> A assertEqualsVerbose(String msg, Object x, A y) {
  if (!eq(x, y)) {
    

    throw fail((msg != null ? msg + ": " : "") + "expected: "+ x + ", got: " + y);
  } else
    print("OK" + (empty(msg) ? "" : " " + msg) + ": " + /*sfu*/(x));
  return y;
}



static Class<?> _getClass(String name) {
  try {
    return Class.forName(name);
  } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
    return null; // could optimize this
  }
}

static Class _getClass(Object o) {
  return o == null ? null
    : o instanceof Class ? (Class) o : o.getClass();
}

static Class _getClass(Object realm, String name) {
  try {
    return getClass(realm).getClassLoader().loadClass(classNameToVM(name));
  } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
    return null; // could optimize this
  }
}

static void assertSameVerbose(Object x, Object y) {
  assertSameVerbose((String) null, x, y);
}

static void assertSameVerbose(String msg, Object x, Object y) {
  if (x != y)
    throw fail((msg != null ? msg + ": " : "") + sfu(y) + " !== " + sfu(x));
  else
    print("OK: " + sfu(x));
}



static class test_structure_customObjects_A { String a; public boolean equals(Object o) { return stdEq2(this, o); }
public int hashCode() { return stdHash2(this); } }

static class test_structure_customObjects_B extends test_structure_customObjects_A { String b; public boolean equals(Object o) { return stdEq2(this, o); }
public int hashCode() { return stdHash2(this); } }

static void test_structure_customObjects() {
  testStructureFunction(nu(test_structure_customObjects_A.class, "a" , "AAA"));
  testStructureFunction(nu(test_structure_customObjects_B.class, "a" , "ABC", "b" , "DEF"));
  print("OK");
}

static void test_structure_synchroList() {
  List l = synchroList();
  testStructureFunction(l);
  assertEqualsVerbose(_getClass(l), _getClass(restruct(l))); // make sure it's a RandomAccessList
  
  print("OK");
}

static void test_restructure_syncLinkedList() {
  List<String> orig = synchronizedList(litlinkedlist("a", "b"));
  print(structure(orig));
  List<String> ll =  (List<String>) (restructure(orig));
  assertTrueVerbose(unwrapSynchronizedList(ll) instanceof LinkedList);
  assertEqualsVerbose(ll, orig);

  // legacy format
  List l2 =  (List) (unstructure("syncLL[1, 2]"));
  assertEquals(synchronizedList(litlinkedlist()).getClass(), l2.getClass());
  assertTrue(unwrapSynchronizedList(l2) instanceof LinkedList);
  assertEquals(ll(1, 2), l2);

}

static void test_structure_synchroLinkedHashMap() {
  Map m = synchroLinkedHashMap();
  m.put("a", "b");
  testStructureFunction(m);
  assertTrue(unwrapSynchronizedMap(restruct(m)) instanceof LinkedHashMap);
  print("OK");
}

static void test_structure_synchronizedTreeMap() {
  Map map = synchronizedTreeMap();
  String name = className(map);
  print(name);
  String s;
  print(s = struct(map));
  Map map2 =  (Map) (unstruct(s));
  assertEquals(name, className(map2));
  assertEquals(map, map2);
  
  map.put("c", "d");
  map.put("a", "b");
  map.put("d", "e");
  map.put("e", "f");
  print(s = struct(map));
  map2 = (Map) unstruct(s);
  assertEquals(name, className(map2));
  assertEquals(map, map2);
  
  print("OK");
}

static void test_restructure_MRUCache() {
  MRUCache o = new MRUCache();
  o.maxSize = 5;
  o.put("a", true);
  print(structure(o));
  MRUCache o2 =  (MRUCache) (restructure(o));
  assertEqualsVerbose(ll(pair("a", true)), mapToPairs(o2));
  assertEqualsVerbose(5, o2.maxSize);
}

static void test_restructure_syncMRUCache() {
  MRUCache o = new MRUCache();
  o.maxSize = 5;
  o.put("a", true);
  print(structure(synchronizedMap(o)));
  Map o2 =  (Map) (restructure(o));
  assertEqualsVerbose(ll(pair("a", true)), mapToPairs(o2));
  assertEqualsVerbose(5, ((MRUCache) unwrapSynchronizedMap(o2)).maxSize);
}

static void test_restructure_MRUAndAllTimeTop() {
  String s = structure(new MRUAndAllTimeTop());
  print(s);
  MRUAndAllTimeTop m =  (MRUAndAllTimeTop) (unstructure(s));
  assertEqualsVerbose(s, structure(m));
}

static void test_structure_listContainingItself() {
  List l = new ArrayList();
  l.add(l);
  String s = struct(l);
  print(shorten(s, 500));
  List l2 = unstructureList(s);
  assertEquals(1, l(l2));
  assertSame(l2, first(l2));
}

static void applaud() {
  if (isHeadless()) { print("APPLAUSE!"); return; }
  showAnimation("#1004373", 3.0);
  sleepSeconds(3.5);
}

static <A> List<A> synchroList() {
  return Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<A>());
}

static <A> List<A> synchroList(List<A> l) {
  return Collections.synchronizedList(l);
}


static <A> List<A> ll(A... a) {
  ArrayList l = new ArrayList(a.length);
  if (a != null) for (A x : a) l.add(x);
  return l;
}

static PersistableThrowable persistableThrowable(Throwable e) {
  return e == null ? null : new PersistableThrowable(e);
}

static Throwable innerException(Throwable e) {
  return getInnerException(e);
}

static <A> ArrayList<A> cloneList(Iterable<A> l) {
  return l instanceof Collection ? cloneList((Collection) l) : asList(l);
}

static <A> ArrayList<A> cloneList(Collection<A> l) {
  if (l == null) return new ArrayList();
  synchronized(collectionMutex(l)) {
    return new ArrayList<A>(l);
  }
}

static String getStackTrace(Throwable throwable) {
  lastException(throwable);
  return getStackTrace_noRecord(throwable);
}

static String getStackTrace_noRecord(Throwable throwable) {
  StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
  throwable.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(writer));
  return hideCredentials(writer.toString());
}

static String getStackTrace() {
  return getStackTrace_noRecord(new Throwable());
}

static void _handleError(Error e) {
  call(javax(), "_handleError", e);
}



static AutoCloseable tempInterceptPrintIfNotIntercepted(F1<String, Boolean> f) {
  return print_byThread().get() == null ? tempInterceptPrint(f) : null;
}

static String getStackTrace2(Throwable e) {
  return hideCredentials(getStackTrace(unwrapTrivialExceptionWraps(e)) + replacePrefix("java.lang.RuntimeException: ", "FAIL: ",
    hideCredentials(str(innerException2(e)))) + "\n");
}

static String programID() {
  return getProgramID();
}

static String programID(Object o) {
  return getProgramID(o);
}

static Runnable _topLevelErrorHandling(final Runnable runnable) {
  final Object info = _threadInfo();
  return new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    try {
      _threadInheritInfo(info);
      runnable.run();
    } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "pcall {\r\n      _threadInheritInfo(info);\r\n      runnable.run();\r\n    }"; }};
}

static <A, B> Map<A, B> newWeakHashMap() {
  return _registerWeakMap(synchroMap(new WeakHashMap()));
}

static Map vm_generalWeakSubMap(Object name) {
  synchronized(get(javax(), "generalMap")) {
    Map map =  (Map) (vm_generalMap_get(name));
    if (map == null)
      vm_generalMap_put(name, map = newWeakMap());
    return map;
  }
}


static <A> WeakReference<A> weakRef(A a) {
  return newWeakReference(a);
}

static Class mc() {
  return main.class;
}

static String str(Object o) {
  return o == null ? "null" : o.toString();
}

static String str(char[] c) {
  return new String(c);
}

static String getClassName(Object o) {
  return o == null ? "null" : o instanceof Class ? ((Class) o).getName() : o.getClass().getName();
}

static <A, B> Map<A, B> newDangerousWeakHashMap() {
  return _registerDangerousWeakMap(synchroMap(new WeakHashMap()));
}

// initFunction: voidfunc(Map) - is called initially, and after clearing the map
static <A, B> Map<A, B> newDangerousWeakHashMap(Object initFunction) {
  return _registerDangerousWeakMap(synchroMap(new WeakHashMap()), initFunction);
}

static Object callMCWithVarArgs(String method, Object... args) {
  return call_withVarargs(mc(), method, args);
}

static int l(Object[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(boolean[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(byte[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(short[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(long[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(int[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(float[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(double[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(char[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(Collection c) { return c == null ? 0 : c.size(); }

static int l(Iterator i) { return iteratorCount_int_close(i); } // consumes the iterator && closes it if possible

static int l(Map m) { return m == null ? 0 : m.size(); }
static int l(CharSequence s) { return s == null ? 0 : s.length(); }
static long l(File f) { return f == null ? 0 : f.length(); }



static int l(Object o) {
  return o == null ? 0
    : o instanceof String ? l((String) o)
    : o instanceof Map ? l((Map) o)
    : o instanceof Collection ? l((Collection) o)
    : o instanceof Object[] ? l((Object[]) o)
    : o instanceof boolean[] ? l((boolean[]) o)
    : o instanceof byte[] ? l((byte[]) o)
    : o instanceof char[] ? l((char[]) o)
    : o instanceof short[] ? l((short[]) o)
    : o instanceof int[] ? l((int[]) o)
    : o instanceof float[] ? l((float[]) o)
    : o instanceof double[] ? l((double[]) o)
    : o instanceof long[] ? l((long[]) o)
    : (Integer) call(o, "size");
}



  static int l(MultiSet ms) { return ms == null ? 0 : ms.size(); }















static RuntimeException fail() { throw new RuntimeException("fail"); }
static RuntimeException fail(Throwable e) { throw asRuntimeException(e); }
static RuntimeException fail(Object msg) { throw new RuntimeException(String.valueOf(msg)); }
static RuntimeException fail(String msg) { throw new RuntimeException(msg == null ? "" : msg); }
static RuntimeException fail(String msg, Throwable innerException) { throw new RuntimeException(msg, innerException); }


static Object invokeMethod(Method m, Object o, Object... args) { try {
  try {
    return m.invoke(o, args);
  } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
    throw rethrow(getExceptionCause(e));
  } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
    throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.getMessage() + " - was calling: " + m + ", args: " + joinWithSpace(classNames(args)));
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static boolean call_checkArgs(Method m, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
  Class<?>[] types = m.getParameterTypes();
  if (types.length != args.length) {
    if (debug)
      print("Bad parameter length: " + args.length + " vs " + types.length);
    return false;
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++) {
    Object arg = args[i];
    if (!(arg == null ? !types[i].isPrimitive()
      : isInstanceX(types[i], arg))) {
      if (debug)
        print("Bad parameter " + i + ": " + arg + " vs " + types[i]);
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

static Field makeAccessible(Field f) {
  try {
    f.setAccessible(true);
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    // Note: The error reporting only works with Java VM option --illegal-access=deny
    
    vmBus_send("makeAccessible_error",e, f);
    
  }
  return f;
}

static Method makeAccessible(Method m) {
  try {
    m.setAccessible(true);
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    
    vmBus_send("makeAccessible_error",e, m);
    
  }
  return m;
}

static Constructor makeAccessible(Constructor c) {
  try {
    c.setAccessible(true);
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    
    vmBus_send("makeAccessible_error",e, c);
    
  }
  return c;
}

static Object defaultDefaultClassFinder() {
  return new F1<String, Class>() {
    public Class get(String name) {
      Class c = findClass_fullName(name);
      if (c != null) return c;
      if (name.startsWith("loadableUtils.utils$"))
        return findClass_fullName("main" + name.substring(19));
      return null;
    }
  };
}

static Object nuObject(String className, Object... args) { try {
  return nuObject(classForName(className), args);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

// too ambiguous - maybe need to fix some callers
/*static O nuObject(O realm, S className, O... args) {
  ret nuObject(_getClass(realm, className), args);
}*/

static <A> A nuObject(Class<A> c, Object... args) { try {
  if (args.length == 0) return nuObjectWithoutArguments(c); // cached!
  
  Constructor m = nuObject_findConstructor(c, args);
  makeAccessible(m);
  return (A) m.newInstance(args);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Constructor nuObject_findConstructor(Class c, Object... args) {
  for (Constructor m : c.getDeclaredConstructors()) {
    if (!nuObject_checkArgs(m.getParameterTypes(), args, false))
      continue;
    return m;
  }
  throw fail("Constructor " + c.getName() + getClasses(args) + " not found"
    + (args.length == 0 && (c.getModifiers() & java.lang.reflect.Modifier.STATIC) == 0 ? " - hint: it's a non-static class!" : ""));
}

 static boolean nuObject_checkArgs(Class[] types, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    if (types.length != args.length) {
      if (debug)
        System.out.println("Bad parameter length: " + args.length + " vs " + types.length);
      return false;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++)
      if (!(args[i] == null || isInstanceX(types[i], args[i]))) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Bad parameter " + i + ": " + args[i] + " vs " + types[i]);
        return false;
      }
    return true;
  }

static HashMap<String, Class> findClass_cache = new HashMap();

// currently finds only inner classes of class "main"
// returns null on not found
// this is the simple version that is not case-tolerant
static Class findClass(String name) {
  synchronized(findClass_cache) {
    if (findClass_cache.containsKey(name))
      return findClass_cache.get(name);
      
    if (!isJavaIdentifier(name)) return null;
    
    Class c;
    try {
      c = Class.forName("main$" + name);
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
      c = null;
    }
    findClass_cache.put(name, c);
    return c;
  }
}

static <A> A assertEquals(Object x, A y) {
  return assertEquals(null, x, y);
}

static <A> A assertEquals(String msg, Object x, A y) {
  if (assertVerbose()) return assertEqualsVerbose(msg, x, y);
  if (!(x == null ? y == null : x.equals(y)))
    throw fail((msg != null ? msg + ": " : "") + y + " != " + x);
  return y;
}

static List<String> javaTokC(String s) {
  if (s == null) return null;
  int l = s.length();
  ArrayList<String> tok = new ArrayList();
  
  int i = 0;
  while (i < l) {
    int j = i;
    char c, d;
    
    // scan for whitespace
    while (j < l) {
      c = s.charAt(j);
      d = j+1 >= l ? '\0' : s.charAt(j+1);
      if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
        ++j;
      else if (c == '/' && d == '*') {
        do ++j; while (j < l && !s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l)).equals("*/"));
        j = Math.min(j+2, l);
      } else if (c == '/' && d == '/') {
        do ++j; while (j < l && "\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) < 0);
      } else
        break;
    }
    
    i = j;
    if (i >= l) break;
    c = s.charAt(i);
    d = i+1 >= l ? '\0' : s.charAt(i+1);

    // scan for non-whitespace
    if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
      char opener = c;
      ++j;
      while (j < l) {
        if (s.charAt(j) == opener || s.charAt(j) == '\n') { // end at \n to not propagate unclosed string literal errors
          ++j;
          break;
        } else if (s.charAt(j) == '\\' && j+1 < l)
          j += 2;
        else
          ++j;
      }
    } else if (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && (Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)) || "'".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) >= 0)); // for stuff like "don't"
    else if (Character.isDigit(c)) {
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
      if (j < l && s.charAt(j) == 'L') ++j; // Long constants like 1L
    } else if (c == '[' && d == '[') {
      do ++j; while (j+1 < l && !s.substring(j, j+2).equals("]]"));
      j = Math.min(j+2, l);
    } else if (c == '[' && d == '=' && i+2 < l && s.charAt(i+2) == '[') {
      do ++j; while (j+2 < l && !s.substring(j, j+3).equals("]=]"));
      j = Math.min(j+3, l);
    } else
      ++j;
      
    tok.add(javaTok_substringC(s, i, j));
    i = j;
  }
  
  return tok;
}

static boolean nempty(Collection c) {
  return !empty(c);
}

static boolean nempty(CharSequence s) {
  return !empty(s);
}

static boolean nempty(Object[] o) { return !empty(o); }
static boolean nempty(byte[] o) { return !empty(o); }
static boolean nempty(int[] o) { return !empty(o); }

static boolean nempty(Map m) {
  return !empty(m);
}

static boolean nempty(Iterator i) {
  return i != null && i.hasNext();
}


static boolean nempty(Object o) { return !empty(o); }








static <A> A popLast(List<A> l) {
  return liftLast(l);
}

static <A> List<A> popLast(int n, List<A> l) {
  return liftLast(n, l);
}

// This is a bit rough... finds static and non-static methods.

static Method findMethodNamed(Object obj, String method) {
  if (obj == null) return null;
  if (obj instanceof Class)
    return findMethodNamed((Class) obj, method);
  return findMethodNamed(obj.getClass(), method);
}

static Method findMethodNamed(Class c, String method) {
  while (c != null) {
    for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods())
      if (m.getName().equals(method)) {
        makeAccessible(m);
        return m;
      }
    c = c.getSuperclass();
  }
  return null;
}

static String shortClassName(Object o) {
  if (o == null) return null;
  Class c = o instanceof Class ? (Class) o : o.getClass();
  String name = c.getName();
  return shortenClassName(name);
}

static void quoteToPrintWriter(String s, PrintWriter out) {
  if (s == null) { out.print("null"); return; }
  out.print('"');
  int l = s.length();
  for (int i = 0; i < l; i++) {
    char c = s.charAt(i);
    if (c == '\\' || c == '"') {
      out.print('\\'); out.print(c);
    } else if (c == '\r')
      out.print("\\r");
    else if (c == '\n')
      out.print("\\n");
    else if (c == '\0')
      out.print("\\0");
    else
      out.print(c);
  }
  out.print('"');
}

static String quoteCharacter(char c) {
  if (c == '\'') return "'\\''";
  if (c == '\\') return "'\\\\'";
  if (c == '\r') return "'\\r'";
  if (c == '\n') return "'\\n'";
  if (c == '\t') return "'\\t'";
  return "'" + c + "'";
}


static String quote(Object o) {
  if (o == null) return "null";
  return quote(str(o));
}

static String quote(String s) {
  if (s == null) return "null";
  StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder((int) (l(s)*1.5+2));
  quote_impl(s, out);
  return out.toString();
}
  
static void quote_impl(String s, StringBuilder out) {
  out.append('"');
  int l = s.length();
  for (int i = 0; i < l; i++) {
    char c = s.charAt(i);
    if (c == '\\' || c == '"')
      out.append('\\').append(c);
    else if (c == '\r')
      out.append("\\r");
    else if (c == '\n')
      out.append("\\n");
    else if (c == '\t')
      out.append("\\t");
    else if (c == '\0')
      out.append("\\0");
    else
      out.append(c);
  }
  out.append('"');
}

static int shorten_default = 100;

static String shorten(CharSequence s) { return shorten(s, shorten_default); }

static String shorten(CharSequence s, int max) {
  return shorten(s, max, "...");
}

static String shorten(CharSequence s, int max, String shortener) {
  if (s == null) return "";
  if (max < 0) return str(s);
  return s.length() <= max ? str(s) : subCharSequence(s, 0, min(s.length(), max-l(shortener))) + shortener;
}

static String shorten(int max, CharSequence s) { return shorten(s, max); }

static boolean isCISet_gen(Iterable<String> l) {
  return l instanceof TreeSet && className(((TreeSet) l).comparator()).contains("CIComp");
}

static boolean isJavaXClassName(String s) {
  return startsWithOneOf(s, "main$", "loadableUtils.");
}

static <A> List<A> unwrapSynchronizedList(List<A> l) {
  if (eqOneOf(className(l),
    "java.util.Collections$SynchronizedList",
    "java.util.Collections$SynchronizedRandomAccessList"))
    return (List) get_raw(l, "list");
  return l;
}

static boolean startsWith(String a, String b) {
  return a != null && a.startsWith(unnull(b));
}

static boolean startsWith(String a, char c) {
  return nemptyString(a) && a.charAt(0) == c;
}


  static boolean startsWith(String a, String b, Matches m) {
    if (!startsWith(a, b)) return false;
    m.m = new String[] {substring(a, strL(b))};
    return true;
  }


static boolean startsWith(List a, List b) {
  if (a == null || listL(b) > listL(a)) return false;
  for (int i = 0; i < listL(b); i++)
    if (neq(a.get(i), b.get(i)))
      return false;
  return true;
}



static boolean isCIMap_gen(Map map) {
  return map instanceof TreeMap && className(((TreeMap) map).comparator()).contains("CIComp");
}

static <A, B> Map<A, B> unwrapSynchronizedMap(Map<A, B> map) {
  if (eqOneOf(className(map),
    "java.util.Collections$SynchronizedMap",
    "java.util.Collections$SynchronizedSortedMap",
    "java.util.Collections$SynchronizedNavigableMap"))
    return (Map) get_raw(map, "m");
  return map;
}

  public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
    return bytesToHex(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
  }

  public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes, int ofs, int len) {
    StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(len*2);
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      String s = "0" + Integer.toHexString(bytes[ofs+i]);
      stringBuilder.append(s.substring(s.length()-2, s.length()));
    }
    return stringBuilder.toString();
  }


static String boolArrayToHex(boolean[] a) {
  return bytesToHex(boolArrayToBytes(a));
}

static String substring(String s, int x) {
  return substring(s, x, strL(s));
}

static String substring(String s, int x, int y) {
  if (s == null) return null;
  if (x < 0) x = 0;
  int n = s.length();
  if (y < x) y = x;
  if (y > n) y = n;
  if (x >= y) return "";
  return s.substring(x, y);
}



// convenience method for quickly dropping a prefix
static String substring(String s, CharSequence l) {
  return substring(s, l(l));
}

static Iterator emptyIterator() {
  return Collections.emptyIterator();
}

static String dropPrefix(String prefix, String s) {
  return s == null ? null : s.startsWith(prefix) ? s.substring(l(prefix)) : s;
}

static String shortDynamicClassName(Object o) {
 if (o instanceof DynamicObject && ((DynamicObject) o).className != null)
    return ((DynamicObject) o).className;
  return shortClassName(o);
}

static int stdcompare(Number a, Number b) {
  return cmp(a, b);
}

static int stdcompare(String a, String b) {
  return cmp(a, b);
}

static int stdcompare(long a, long b) {
  return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0;
}

static int stdcompare(Object a, Object b) {
  return cmp(a, b);
}


static Map<Class, Field[]> getDeclaredFields_cache = newDangerousWeakHashMap();

static Field[] getDeclaredFields_cached(Class c) {
  Field[] fields;
  synchronized(getDeclaredFields_cache) {
    fields = getDeclaredFields_cache.get(c);
    if (fields == null) {
      getDeclaredFields_cache.put(c, fields = c.getDeclaredFields());
      for (Field f : fields)
        makeAccessible(f);
    }
  }
  return fields;
}

// unclear semantics as to whether return null on null

static <A> ArrayList<A> asList(A[] a) {
  return a == null ? new ArrayList<A>() : new ArrayList<A>(Arrays.asList(a));
}

static ArrayList<Integer> asList(int[] a) {
  if (a == null) return null;
  ArrayList<Integer> l = emptyList(a.length);
  for (int i : a) l.add(i);
  return l;
}

static ArrayList<Long> asList(long[] a) {
  if (a == null) return null;
  ArrayList<Long> l = emptyList(a.length);
  for (long i : a) l.add(i);
  return l;
}

static ArrayList<Float> asList(float[] a) {
  if (a == null) return null;
  ArrayList<Float> l = emptyList(a.length);
  for (float i : a) l.add(i);
  return l;
}

static ArrayList<Double> asList(double[] a) {
  if (a == null) return null;
  ArrayList<Double> l = emptyList(a.length);
  for (double i : a) l.add(i);
  return l;
}

static <A> ArrayList<A> asList(Iterable<A> s) {
  if (s instanceof ArrayList) return (ArrayList) s;
  ArrayList l = new ArrayList();
  if (s != null)
    for (A a : s)
      l.add(a);
  return l;
}


static <A> ArrayList<A> asList(Producer<A> p) {
  ArrayList l = new ArrayList();
  A a;
  if (p != null) while ((a = p.next()) != null)
    l.add(a);
  return l;
}


static <A> ArrayList<A> asList(Enumeration<A> e) {
  ArrayList l = new ArrayList();
  if (e != null)
    while (e.hasMoreElements())
      l.add(e.nextElement());
  return l;
}



static boolean startsWithDigit(String s) {
  return nempty(s) && isDigit(s.charAt(0));
}

static <A, B> Map<A, B> putAll(Map<A, B> a, Map<? extends A,? extends B> b) {
  if (a != null && b != null) a.putAll(b);
  return a;
}



static <A, B> Map<A, B> putAll(Map<A, B> a, Object... b) {
  if (a != null)
    litmap_impl(a, b);
  return a;
}



static Object first(Object list) {
  return first((Iterable) list);
}


static <A> A first(List<A> list) {
  return empty(list) ? null : list.get(0);
}

static <A> A first(A[] bla) {
  return bla == null || bla.length == 0 ? null : bla[0];
}


static <A> A first(IterableIterator<A> i) {
  return first((Iterator<A>) i);
}


static <A> A first(Iterator<A> i) {
  return i == null || !i.hasNext() ? null : i.next();
}

static <A> A first(Iterable<A> i) {
  if (i == null) return null;
  Iterator<A> it = i.iterator();
  return it.hasNext() ? it.next() : null;
}

static Character first(String s) { return empty(s) ? null : s.charAt(0); }
static Character first(CharSequence s) { return empty(s) ? null : s.charAt(0); }


static <A, B> A first(Pair<A, B> p) {
  return p == null ? null : p.a;
}




static Byte first(byte[] l) { 
  return empty(l) ? null : l[0];
}





static int countDots(String s) {
  int n = l(s), count = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) if (s.charAt(i) == '.') ++count;
  return count;
}

static boolean endsWithLetterOrDigit(String s) {
  return s != null && s.length() > 0 && Character.isLetterOrDigit(s.charAt(s.length()-1));
}

static void ping_okInCleanUp() {

  if (ping_pauseAll || ping_anyActions)
    ping_impl(true);

}

// this syntax should be removed...
static Object getThreadLocal(Object o, String name) {
  ThreadLocal t =  (ThreadLocal) (getOpt(o, name));
  return t != null ? t.get() : null;
}

static <A> A getThreadLocal(ThreadLocal<A> tl) {
  return tl == null ? null : tl.get();
}

static <A> A getThreadLocal(ThreadLocal<A> tl, A defaultValue) {
  return or(getThreadLocal(tl), defaultValue);
}

static ThreadLocal<Object> print_byThread_dontCreate() {
  return print_byThread;
}

static boolean isFalse(Object o) {
  return eq(false, o);
}

static String fixNewLines(String s) {
  int i = indexOf(s, '\r');
  if (i < 0) return s;
  int l = s.length();
  StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder(l);
  out.append(s, 0, i);
  for (; i < l; i++) {
    char c = s.charAt(i);
    if (c != '\r')
      out.append(c);
    else {
      out.append('\n');
      if (i+1 < l && s.charAt(i+1) == '\n') ++i;
    }
  }
  return out.toString();
}

static void print_append(Appendable buf, String s, int max) { try {
  synchronized(buf) {
    buf.append(s);
    if (buf instanceof StringBuffer)
      rotateStringBuffer(((StringBuffer) buf), max);
    else if (buf instanceof StringBuilder)
      rotateStringBuilder(((StringBuilder) buf), max);
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static void vmBus_send(String msg, Object... args) {
  Object arg = vmBus_wrapArgs(args);
  pcallFAll(vm_busListeners_live(), msg, arg);
  pcallFAll(vm_busListenersByMessage_live().get(msg), msg, arg);
}

static void vmBus_send(String msg) {
  vmBus_send(msg, (Object) null);
}

static Producer<String> javaTokC_noMLS_iterator(final String s) {
  return javaTokC_noMLS_iterator(s, 0);
}

static Producer<String> javaTokC_noMLS_iterator(final String s, final int startIndex) {
  return new Producer<String>() {
    final int l = s.length();
    int i = startIndex;
    
    public String next() {
      if (i >= l) return null;
      
      int j = i;
      char c, d;
      
      // scan for whitespace
      while (j < l) {
        c = s.charAt(j);
        d = j+1 >= l ? '\0' : s.charAt(j+1);
        if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
          ++j;
        else if (c == '/' && d == '*') {
          do ++j; while (j < l && !s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l)).equals("*/"));
          j = Math.min(j+2, l);
        } else if (c == '/' && d == '/') {
          do ++j; while (j < l && "\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) < 0);
        } else
          break;
      }
      
      i = j;
      if (i >= l) return null;
      c = s.charAt(i);
      d = i+1 >= l ? '\0' : s.charAt(i+1);
  
      // scan for non-whitespace
      if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
        char opener = c;
        ++j;
        while (j < l) {
          if (s.charAt(j) == opener || s.charAt(j) == '\n') { // end at \n to not propagate unclosed string literal errors
            ++j;
            break;
          } else if (s.charAt(j) == '\\' && j+1 < l)
            j += 2;
          else
            ++j;
        }
      } else if (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(c))
        do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)));
      else if (Character.isDigit(c)) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
        if (j < l && s.charAt(j) == 'L') ++j; // Long constants like 1L
      } else
        ++j;
        
      String t = quickSubstring(s, i, j);
      i = j;
      return t;
    }
  };
}


static Producer<String> javaTokC_noMLS_onReader(final BufferedReader r) {
  final class X implements Producer<String> {
    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(); // stores from "i"
    char c, d, e = 'x'; // just not '\0'
    
    X() {
      // fill c, d and e
      nc();
      nc();
      nc();
    }
    
    // get next character(s) into c, d and e
    void nc() { try {
      c = d;
      d = e;
      if (e == '\0') return;
      int i = r.read();
      e = i < 0 ? '\0'
        : i == '\0' ? '_' // shouldn't happen anymore
        : (char) i;
    } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
    
    void ncSave() {
      if (c != '\0') {
        buf.append(c);
        nc();
      }
    }
    
    public String next() {
      // scan for whitespace
      while (c != '\0') {
        if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
          nc();
        else if (c == '/' && d == '*') {
          do nc(); while (c != '\0' && !(c == '*' && d == '/'));
          nc(); nc();
        } else if (c == '/' && d == '/') {
          do nc(); while (c != '\0' && "\r\n".indexOf(c) < 0);
        } else
          break;
      }
      
      if (c == '\0') return null;

      // scan for non-whitespace
      if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
        char opener = c;
        ncSave();
        while (c != '\0') {
          if (c == opener || c == '\n') { // end at \n to not propagate unclosed string literal errors
            ncSave();
            break;
          } else if (c == '\\') {
            ncSave();
            ncSave();
          } else
            ncSave();
        }
      } else if (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(c))
        do ncSave(); while (Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(c) || c == '\''); // for stuff like "don't"
      else if (Character.isDigit(c)) {
        do ncSave(); while (Character.isDigit(c));
        if (c == 'L') ncSave(); // Long constants like 1L
      } else
        ncSave();
        
      String t = buf.toString();
      buf.setLength(0);
      return t;
    }
  }
  
  return new X();
}


static HashMap<String, Class> findClass_fullName_cache = new HashMap();

// returns null on not found
// this is the simple version that is not case-tolerant
static Class findClass_fullName(String name) {
  synchronized(findClass_fullName_cache) {
    if (findClass_fullName_cache.containsKey(name))
      return findClass_fullName_cache.get(name);
      
    Class c;
    try {
      c = Class.forName(name);
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
      c = null;
    }
    findClass_fullName_cache.put(name, c);
    return c;
  }
}

static String unquoteUsingCharArray(String s, char[] buf) {
  if (s == null) return null;
  if (startsWith(s, '[')) {
    int i = 1;
    while (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '=') ++i;
    if (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '[') {
      String m = s.substring(1, i);
      if (s.endsWith("]" + m + "]"))
        return s.substring(i+1, s.length()-i-1);
    }
  }
  
  if (s.length() > 1) {
    char c = s.charAt(0);
    if (c == '\"' || c == '\'') {
      int l = endsWith(s, c) ? s.length()-1 : s.length();
      if (l > buf.length) return unquote(s); // fallback
      int n = 0;
  
      for (int i = 1; i < l; i++) {
        char ch = s.charAt(i);
        if (ch == '\\') {
          char nextChar = (i == l - 1) ? '\\' : s.charAt(i + 1);
          // Octal escape?
          if (nextChar >= '0' && nextChar <= '7') {
              String code = "" + nextChar;
              i++;
              if ((i < l - 1) && s.charAt(i + 1) >= '0'
                      && s.charAt(i + 1) <= '7') {
                  code += s.charAt(i + 1);
                  i++;
                  if ((i < l - 1) && s.charAt(i + 1) >= '0'
                          && s.charAt(i + 1) <= '7') {
                      code += s.charAt(i + 1);
                      i++;
                  }
              }
              buf[n++] = (char) Integer.parseInt(code, 8);
              continue;
          }
          switch (nextChar) {
          case '\"': ch = '\"'; break;
          case '\\': ch = '\\'; break;
          case 'b': ch = '\b'; break;
          case 'f': ch = '\f'; break;
          case 'n': ch = '\n'; break;
          case 'r': ch = '\r'; break;
          case 't': ch = '\t'; break;
          case '\'': ch = '\''; break;
          // Hex Unicode: u????
          case 'u':
              if (i >= l - 5) {
                  ch = 'u';
                  break;
              }
              int code = Integer.parseInt(
                      "" + s.charAt(i + 2) + s.charAt(i + 3)
                         + s.charAt(i + 4) + s.charAt(i + 5), 16);
              char[] x = Character.toChars(code);
              int lx = x.length;
              for (int j = 0; j < lx; j++)
                buf[n++] = x[j];
              i += 5;
              continue;
          default:
            ch = nextChar; // added by Stefan
          }
          i++;
        }
        buf[n++] = ch;
      }
      return new String(buf, 0, n);
    }
  }
    
  return s; // not quoted - return original
}

static boolean structure_isMarker(String s, int i, int j) {
  if (i >= j) return false;
  if (s.charAt(i) != 'm') return false;
  ++i;
  while (i < j) {
    char c = s.charAt(i);
    if (c < '0' || c > '9') return false;
    ++i;
  }
  return true;
}

static int parseInt(String s) {
  return emptyString(s) ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(s);
}

static int parseInt(char c) {
  return Integer.parseInt(str(c));
}

static String internIfLongerThan(String s, int l) {
  return s == null ? null : l(s) >= l ? intern(s) : s;
}

static String unquote(String s) {
  if (s == null) return null;
  if (startsWith(s, '[')) {
    int i = 1;
    while (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '=') ++i;
    if (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '[') {
      String m = s.substring(1, i);
      if (s.endsWith("]" + m + "]"))
        return s.substring(i+1, s.length()-i-1);
    }
  }
  
  if (s.length() > 1) {
    char c = s.charAt(0);
    if (c == '\"' || c == '\'') {
      int l = endsWith(s, c) ? s.length()-1 : s.length();
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(l-1);
  
      for (int i = 1; i < l; i++) {
        char ch = s.charAt(i);
        if (ch == '\\') {
          char nextChar = (i == l - 1) ? '\\' : s.charAt(i + 1);
          // Octal escape?
          if (nextChar >= '0' && nextChar <= '7') {
              String code = "" + nextChar;
              i++;
              if ((i < l - 1) && s.charAt(i + 1) >= '0'
                      && s.charAt(i + 1) <= '7') {
                  code += s.charAt(i + 1);
                  i++;
                  if ((i < l - 1) && s.charAt(i + 1) >= '0'
                          && s.charAt(i + 1) <= '7') {
                      code += s.charAt(i + 1);
                      i++;
                  }
              }
              sb.append((char) Integer.parseInt(code, 8));
              continue;
          }
          switch (nextChar) {
          case '\"': ch = '\"'; break;
          case '\\': ch = '\\'; break;
          case 'b': ch = '\b'; break;
          case 'f': ch = '\f'; break;
          case 'n': ch = '\n'; break;
          case 'r': ch = '\r'; break;
          case 't': ch = '\t'; break;
          case '\'': ch = '\''; break;
          // Hex Unicode: u????
          case 'u':
              if (i >= l - 5) {
                  ch = 'u';
                  break;
              }
              int code = Integer.parseInt(
                      "" + s.charAt(i + 2) + s.charAt(i + 3)
                         + s.charAt(i + 4) + s.charAt(i + 5), 16);
              sb.append(Character.toChars(code));
              i += 5;
              continue;
          default:
            ch = nextChar; // added by Stefan
          }
          i++;
        }
        sb.append(ch);
      }
      return sb.toString();
    }
  }
    
  return s; // not quoted - return original
}

static char unquoteCharacter(String s) {
  assertTrue(s.startsWith("'") && s.length() > 1);
  return unquote("\"" + s.substring(1, s.endsWith("'") ? s.length()-1 : s.length()) + "\"").charAt(0);
}

static BigInteger parseBigInt(String s) {
  return new BigInteger(s);
}

static double parseDouble(String s) {
  return Double.parseDouble(s);
}

static float parseFloat(String s) {
  return Float.parseFloat(s);
}

static boolean isLongConstant(String s) {
  if (!s.endsWith("L")) return false;
  s = s.substring(0, l(s)-1);
  return isInteger(s);
}

static long parseLong(String s) {
  if (empty(s)) return 0;
  return Long.parseLong(dropSuffix("L", s));
}

static long parseLong(Object s) {
  return Long.parseLong((String) s);
}

static boolean isInteger(String s) {
  int n = l(s);
  if (n == 0) return false;
  int i = 0;
  if (s.charAt(0) == '-')
    if (++i >= n) return false;
  while (i < n) {
    char c = s.charAt(i);
    if (c < '0' || c > '9') return false;
    ++i;
  }
  return true;
}

static boolean eqOneOf(Object o, Object... l) {
  for (Object x : l) if (eq(o, x)) return true; return false;
}

static <A> TreeMap<String, A> ciMap() {
  return caseInsensitiveMap();
}

static List parseList(String s) {
  return (List) safeUnstructure(s);
}

static <A> List<A> synchroLinkedList() {
  return Collections.synchronizedList(new LinkedList<A>());
}


static byte[] hexToBytes(String s) {
  if (odd(l(s))) throw fail("Hex string has odd length: " + quote(shorten(10, s)));
  int n = l(s) / 2;
  byte[] bytes = new byte[n];
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    int a = parseHexChar(s.charAt(i*2));
    int b = parseHexChar(s.charAt(i*2+1));
    if (a < 0 || b < 0)
      throw fail("Bad hex byte: " + quote(substring(s, i*2, i*2+2)) + " at " + i*2 + "/" + l(s));
    bytes[i] = (byte) ((a << 4) | b);
  }
  return bytes;
}

static boolean[] boolArrayFromBytes(byte[] a, int n) {
  boolean[] b = new boolean[n];
  int m = min(n, l(a)*8);
  for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    b[i] = (a[i/8] & 1 << (i & 7)) != 0;
  return b;
}

static void assertTrue(Object o) {
  if (!(eq(o, true) /*|| isTrue(pcallF(o))*/))
    throw fail(str(o));
}
  
static boolean assertTrue(String msg, boolean b) {
  if (!b)
    throw fail(msg);
  return b;
}

static boolean assertTrue(boolean b) {
  if (!b)
    throw fail("oops");
  return b;
}

static boolean isJavaIdentifier(String s) {
  if (empty(s) || !Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(s.charAt(0)))
    return false;
  for (int i = 1; i < s.length(); i++)
    if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(i)))
      return false;
  return true;
}

static Object call(Object o) {
  return callF(o);
}

// varargs assignment fixer for a single string array argument
static Object call(Object o, String method, String[] arg) {
  return call(o, method, new Object[] {arg});
}

static Object call(Object o, String method, Object... args) {
  //ret call_cached(o, method, args);
  return call_withVarargs(o, method, args);
}

static String assertIdentifier(String s) {
  return assertIsIdentifier(s);
}

static String assertIdentifier(String msg, String s) {
  return assertIsIdentifier(msg, s);
}

// Use like this: printVars_str(+x, +y);
// Or: printVars("bla", +x);
// Or: printVars bla(+x);
static void printVars_str(Object... params) {
  String s = "";
  if (odd(l(params))) {
    s = str(first(params));
    if (endsWithLetterOrDigit(s)) s += ": ";
    params = dropFirst(params);
  }
  print(s + renderVars_str(params));
}

static <A> A nuStubInnerObject(Class<A> c) {
  return nuStubInnerObject(c, null);
}

static <A> A nuStubInnerObject(Class<A> c, Object classFinder) { try {
  Class outerType = getOuterClass(c, classFinder);
  Constructor m = c.getDeclaredConstructor(outerType);
  makeAccessible(m);
  return (A) m.newInstance(new Object[] {null});
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Map<Class, Constructor> nuEmptyObject_cache = newDangerousWeakHashMap();

static <A> A nuEmptyObject(Class<A> c) { try {
  Constructor ctr;
  
  synchronized(nuEmptyObject_cache) {
    ctr = nuEmptyObject_cache.get(c);
    if (ctr == null) {
      nuEmptyObject_cache.put(c, ctr = nuEmptyObject_findConstructor(c));
      makeAccessible(ctr);
    }
  }

  try {
    return (A) ctr.newInstance();
  } catch (InstantiationException e) {
    if (empty(e.getMessage()))
      if ((c.getModifiers() & Modifier.ABSTRACT) != 0)
        throw fail("Can't instantiate abstract class " + className(c), e);
      else
        throw fail("Can't instantiate " + className(c), e);  
    else throw rethrow(e);
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Constructor nuEmptyObject_findConstructor(Class c) {
  for (Constructor m : c.getDeclaredConstructors())
    if (m.getParameterTypes().length == 0)
      return m;
  throw fail("No default constructor declared in " + c.getName());
}


static String struct(Object o) {
  return structure(o);
}

static String struct(Object o, structure_Data data) {
  return structure(o, data);
}

static <A> A printStructure(String prefix, A o) {
  if (endsWithLetter(prefix)) prefix += ": ";
  print(prefix + structureForUser(o));
  return o;
}

static <A> A printStructure(A o) {
  print(structureForUser(o));
  return o;
}


static void setOptAllDyn_pcall(DynamicObject o, Map<String, Object> fields) {
  if (fields == null || o == null) return;
  HashMap<String, Field> fieldMap = instanceFieldsMap(o);
  for (Map.Entry<String, Object> e : fields.entrySet()) { try {
    String field = e.getKey();
    Object val = e.getValue();
    Field f = fieldMap.get(field);
    if (f != null)
      smartSet(f, o, val);
    else {
      o.fieldValues = syncMapPut2_createLinkedHashMap(o.fieldValues, intern(field), val);
      
    }
  } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }}
}

static void setOptAll_pcall(Object o, Map<String, Object> fields) {
  if (fields == null) return;
  for (String field : keys(fields))
    try { setOpt(o, field, fields.get(field)); } catch (Throwable __e) { print(exceptionToStringShort(__e)); }
}

static void setOptAll_pcall(Object o, Object... values) {
  //values = expandParams(c.getClass(), values);
  warnIfOddCount(values);
  for (int i = 0; i+1 < l(values); i += 2) {
    String field = (String) values[i];
    Object value = values[i+1];
    try { setOpt(o, field, value); } catch (Throwable __e) { print(exceptionToStringShort(__e)); }
  }
}

static void fixOuterRefs(Object o) { try {
  if (o == null) return;
  Field[] l = thisDollarOneFields(o.getClass());
  if (l.length <= 1) return;
  Object father = null;
  for (Field f : l) {
    father = f.get(o);
    if (father != null) break;
  }
  if (father == null) return;
  for (Field f : l)
    f.set(o, father);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static void setDynObjectValue(DynamicObject o, String field, Object value) {
  o.fieldValues = syncMapPut2_createLinkedHashMap(o.fieldValues, field, value);
}

static String intern(String s) {
  return fastIntern(s);
}

static void pcallOpt_noArgs(Object o, String method) {
  try { callOpt_noArgs(o, method); } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }
}

static <A> List<A> subList(List<A> l, int startIndex) {
  return subList(l, startIndex, l(l));
}

static <A> List<A> subList(int startIndex, int endIndex, List<A> l) {
  return subList(l, startIndex, endIndex);
}

static <A> List<A> subList(List<A> l, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
  if (l == null) return null;
  int n = l(l);
  startIndex = Math.max(0, startIndex);
  endIndex = Math.min(n, endIndex);
  if (startIndex >= endIndex) return ll();
  if (startIndex == 0 && endIndex == n) return l;
  return l.subList(startIndex, endIndex);
}



static int[] toIntArray(Collection<Integer> l) {
  int[] a = new int[l(l)];
  int i = 0;
  if (a.length != 0) for (int x : l)
    a[i++] = x;
  return a;
}

static double[] toDoubleArray(Collection<Double> l) {
  double[] a = new double[l(l)];
  int i = 0;
  if (a.length != 0) for (double x : l)
    a[i++] = x;
  return a;
}



static TreeSet<String> ciSet() {
  return caseInsensitiveSet();
}

static boolean jmatch(String pat, String s) {
  return jmatch(pat, s, null);
}

static boolean jmatch(String pat, String s, Matches matches) {
  if (s == null) return false;
  return jmatch(pat, javaTok(s), matches);
}

static boolean jmatch(String pat, List<String> toks) {
  return jmatch(pat, toks, null);
}

static boolean jmatch(String pat, List<String> toks, Matches matches) {
  List<String> tokpat = javaTok(pat);
  String[] m = match2(tokpat, toks);
  //print(structure(tokpat) + " on " + structure(toks) + " => " + structure(m));
  if (m == null)
    return false;
  else {
    if (matches != null) matches.m = m;
    return true;
  }
}

static boolean warn_on = true;
static ThreadLocal<List<String>> warn_warnings = new ThreadLocal();

static void warn(String s) {
  if (warn_on)
    print("Warning: " + s);
}

static void warn(String s, List<String> warnings) {
  warn(s);
  if (warnings != null)
    warnings.add(s);
  addToCollection(warn_warnings.get(), s);
}

static ThreadLocal<Boolean> dynamicObjectIsLoading_threadLocal() { 
  return DynamicObject_loading;
}

static boolean empty(Collection c) { return c == null || c.isEmpty(); }
static boolean empty(Iterable c) { return c == null || !c.iterator().hasNext(); }
static boolean empty(CharSequence s) { return s == null || s.length() == 0; }
static boolean empty(Map map) { return map == null || map.isEmpty(); }
static boolean empty(Object[] o) { return o == null || o.length == 0; }


static boolean empty(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof Collection) return empty((Collection) o);
  if (o instanceof String) return empty((String) o);
  if (o instanceof Map) return empty((Map) o);
  if (o instanceof Object[]) return empty((Object[]) o);
  if (o instanceof byte[]) return empty((byte[]) o);
  if (o == null) return true;
  throw fail("unknown type for 'empty': " + getType(o));
}


static boolean empty(Iterator i) { return i == null || !i.hasNext(); }

static boolean empty(double[] a) { return a == null || a.length == 0; }
static boolean empty(float[] a) { return a == null || a.length == 0; }
static boolean empty(int[] a) { return a == null || a.length == 0; }
static boolean empty(long[] a) { return a == null || a.length == 0; }
static boolean empty(byte[] a) { return a == null || a.length == 0; }
static boolean empty(short[] a) { return a == null || a.length == 0; }


static boolean empty(MultiSet ms) { return ms == null || ms.isEmpty(); }




static boolean empty(File f) { return getFileSize(f) == 0; }









static Class<?> getClass(String name) {
  try {
    return Class.forName(name);
  } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
    return null;
  }
}

static Class getClass(Object o) {
  return o instanceof Class ? (Class) o : o.getClass();
}

static Class getClass(Object realm, String name) { try {
  try {
    return getClass(realm).getClassLoader().loadClass(classNameToVM(name));
  } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
    return null;
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static String classNameToVM(String name) {
  return name.replace(".", "$");
}

static String sfu(Object o) { return structureForUser(o); }

static boolean stdEq2(Object a, Object b) {
  if (a == null) return b == null;
  if (b == null) return false;
  if (a.getClass() != b.getClass()) return false;
  for (String field : allFields(a))
    if (neq(getOpt(a, field), getOpt(b, field)))
      return false;
  return true;
}

static int stdHash2(Object a) {
  if (a == null) return 0;
  return stdHash(a, toStringArray(allFields(a)));
}

static String testStructureFunction(Object input) {
  return testStructureFunction(input, true);
}

static String testStructureFunction(Object input, boolean compare) {
  String s;
  { long _startTime_0 = sysNow(); try {  
    s = structure(input);
  } finally { _startTime_0 = sysNow()-_startTime_0; saveTiming(_startTime_0); } }
  print(shorten(s, 500));
  Object o;
  print("unstructuring " + l(s) + " chars");
  { long _startTime_1 = sysNow(); try {  
    o = unstructure(s);
  } finally { _startTime_1 = sysNow()-_startTime_1; saveTiming(_startTime_1); } }
  String x = structure(o);
  assertEquals(s, x);
  if (compare)
    assertEquals(input, o);
  return x;
}

static <A> A nu(Class<A> c, Object... values) {
  A a = nuObject(c);
  setAll(a, values);
  return a;
}

static <A> A restruct(A a) {
  return restructure(a);
}

static <A> List<A> synchronizedList(List<A> list) {
  return Collections.synchronizedList(list);
}

static <A> LinkedList<A> litlinkedlist(A... a) {
  LinkedList<A> l = new LinkedList();
  for (A x : a) l.add(x);
  return l;
}

static <A> A restructure(A a) {
  return (A) unstructure(structure(a));
}

static void assertTrueVerbose(Object o) {
  assertEqualsVerbose(true, o);
}

static void assertTrueVerbose(String msg, Object o) {
  assertEqualsVerbose(msg, true, o);
}


static Map synchroLinkedHashMap() {
  return Collections.synchronizedMap(new LinkedHashMap());
}


static SortedMap synchronizedTreeMap() {
  return synchroTreeMap();
}

static Object unstruct(String text) {
  return unstructure(text);
}

static <A, B> Pair<A, B> pair(A a, B b) {
  return new Pair(a, b);
}

static <A> Pair<A, A> pair(A a) {
  return new Pair(a, a);
}

static <A, B> List<Pair<A, B>> mapToPairs(Map<A, B> map) {
  List<Pair<A, B>> l = new ArrayList();
  if (map != null) for (Map.Entry<A, B> e : map.entrySet())
    l.add(pair(e.getKey(), e.getValue()));
  return l;
}

static Map synchronizedMap() {
  return synchroMap();
}

static <A, B> Map<A, B> synchronizedMap(Map<A, B> map) {
  return synchroMap(map);
}

static List unstructureList(String s) {
  return (List) unstructure(s);
}

static void assertSame(String msg, Object a, Object b) {
  if (a != b)
    throw fail(msg);
}

static void assertSame(Object a, Object b) {
  if (a != b)
    throw fail();
}

static Boolean isHeadless_cache;

static boolean isHeadless() {
  if (isHeadless_cache != null) return isHeadless_cache;
  if (isAndroid()) return isHeadless_cache = true;
  if (GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless()) return isHeadless_cache = true;
  
  // Also check if AWT actually works.
  // If DISPLAY variable is set but no X server up, this will notice.
  
  try {
    SwingUtilities.isEventDispatchThread();
    return isHeadless_cache = false;
  } catch (Throwable e) { return isHeadless_cache = true; }
}

static JWindow showAnimation(String imageID, double seconds) {
  return showAnimationInTopRightCorner(imageID, seconds);
}

static JWindow showAnimation(String imageID) {
  return showAnimationInTopRightCorner(imageID);
}

static JWindow showAnimation(BufferedImage image) {
  return showAnimationInTopRightCorner(image, "");
}

static JWindow showAnimation(BufferedImage image, String text, double seconds) {
  return showAnimationInTopRightCorner(image, text, seconds);
}

static JWindow showAnimation(BufferedImage image, double seconds) {
  return showAnimationInTopRightCorner(image, "", seconds);
}

static JWindow showAnimation(String imageID, String text, double seconds) {
  return showAnimationInTopRightCorner(imageID, text, seconds);
}


static void sleepSeconds(double s) {
  if (s > 0) sleep(round(s*1000));
}

static Throwable getInnerException(Throwable e) {
  if (e == null) return null;
  while (e.getCause() != null)
    e = e.getCause();
  return e;
}

static Throwable getInnerException(Runnable r) {
  return getInnerException(getException(r));
}

static Object collectionMutex(List l) {
  return l;
}

static Object collectionMutex(Object o) {
  

  if (o instanceof List) return o;
  
  String c = className(o);
  if (eq(c, "java.util.TreeMap$KeySet"))
    c = className(o = getOpt(o, "m"));
  else if (eq(c, "java.util.HashMap$KeySet"))
    c = className(o = get_raw(o, "this$0"));

  
  
  if (eqOneOf(c, "java.util.TreeMap$AscendingSubMap", "java.util.TreeMap$DescendingSubMap"))
    c = className(o = get_raw(o, "m"));
    
  
    
  
  return o;
}

// PersistableThrowable doesn't hold GC-disturbing class references in backtrace
static volatile PersistableThrowable lastException_lastException;

static PersistableThrowable lastException() {
  return lastException_lastException;
}

static void lastException(Throwable e) {
  lastException_lastException = persistableThrowable(e);
}

static String hideCredentials(URL url) { return url == null ? null : hideCredentials(str(url)); }

static String hideCredentials(String url) {
  try {
    if (startsWithOneOf(url, "http://", "https://") && isAGIBlueDomain(hostNameFromURL(url))) return url;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    print("HideCredentials", e);
  }
  return url.replaceAll("([&?])(_pass|key|cookie)=[^&\\s\"]*", "$1$2=<hidden>");
}

static String hideCredentials(Object o) {
  return hideCredentials(str(o));
}

static Class javax() {
  return getJavaX();
}



static ThreadLocal<Object> print_byThread() {
  synchronized(print_byThread_lock) {
    if (print_byThread == null)
      print_byThread = new ThreadLocal();
  }
  return print_byThread;
}

// f can return false to suppress regular printing
// call print_raw within f to actually print something
static AutoCloseable tempInterceptPrint(F1<String, Boolean> f) {
  return tempSetThreadLocal(print_byThread(), f);
}

static Throwable unwrapTrivialExceptionWraps(Throwable e) {
  if (e == null) return e;
  while (e.getClass() == RuntimeException.class
    && e.getCause() != null && eq(e.getMessage(), str(e.getCause())))
    e = e.getCause();
  return e;
}

static String replacePrefix(String prefix, String replacement, String s) {
  if (!startsWith(s, prefix)) return s;
  return replacement + substring(s, l(prefix));
}

static Throwable innerException2(Throwable e) {
  if (e == null) return null;
  while (empty(e.getMessage()) && e.getCause() != null)
    e = e.getCause();
  return e;
}


static String programID;
static String getProgramID() {
  return nempty(programID) ? formatSnippetIDOpt(programID) : "?";
}


// TODO: ask JavaX instead
static String getProgramID(Class c) {
  String id = (String) getOpt(c, "programID");
  if (nempty(id))
    return formatSnippetID(id);
  return "?";
}


static String getProgramID(Object o) {
  return getProgramID(getMainClass(o));
}

static List<VF1<Map>> _threadInfo_makers = synchroList();

static Object _threadInfo() {
  if (empty(_threadInfo_makers)) return null;
  HashMap map = new HashMap();
  pcallFAll(_threadInfo_makers, map);
  return map;
}

static List<VF1<Map>> _threadInheritInfo_retrievers = synchroList();

static void _threadInheritInfo(Object info) {
  if (info == null) return;
  pcallFAll(_threadInheritInfo_retrievers, (Map) info);
}

static List _registerWeakMap_preList;

static <A> A _registerWeakMap(A map) {
  if (javax() == null) {
    // We're in class init
    if (_registerWeakMap_preList == null) _registerWeakMap_preList = synchroList();
    _registerWeakMap_preList.add(map);
    return map;
  }
  
  try {
    call(javax(), "_registerWeakMap", map);
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    printException(e);
    print("Upgrade JavaX!!");
  }
  return map;
}

static void _onLoad_registerWeakMap() {
  assertNotNull(javax());
  if (_registerWeakMap_preList == null) return;
  for (Object o : _registerWeakMap_preList)
    _registerWeakMap(o);
  _registerWeakMap_preList = null;
}

static Map synchroMap() {
  return synchroHashMap();
}

static <A, B> Map<A, B> synchroMap(Map<A, B> map) {
  return Collections.synchronizedMap(map);
}

// get purpose 1: access a list/array/map (safer version of x.get(y))

static <A> A get(List<A> l, int idx) {
  return l != null && idx >= 0 && idx < l(l) ? l.get(idx) : null;
}

// seems to conflict with other signatures
/*static <A, B> B get(Map<A, B> map, A key) {
  ret map != null ? map.get(key) : null;
}*/

static <A> A get(A[] l, int idx) {
  return idx >= 0 && idx < l(l) ? l[idx] : null;
}

// default to false
static boolean get(boolean[] l, int idx) {
  return idx >= 0 && idx < l(l) ? l[idx] : false;
}

// get purpose 2: access a field by reflection or a map

static Object get(Object o, String field) {
  try {
    if (o == null) return null;
    if (o instanceof Class) return get((Class) o, field);
    
    if (o instanceof Map)
      return ((Map) o).get(field);
      
    Field f = getOpt_findField(o.getClass(), field);
    if (f != null) {
      makeAccessible(f);
      return f.get(o);
    }
      
    
      if (o instanceof DynamicObject)
        return ((DynamicObject) o).fieldValues.get(field);
    
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw asRuntimeException(e);
  }
  throw new RuntimeException("Field '" + field + "' not found in " + o.getClass().getName());
}

static Object get_raw(String field, Object o) {
  return get_raw(o, field);
}

static Object get_raw(Object o, String field) { try {
  if (o == null) return null;
  Field f = get_findField(o.getClass(), field);
  makeAccessible(f);
  return f.get(o);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Object get(Class c, String field) {
  try {
    Field f = get_findStaticField(c, field);
    makeAccessible(f);
    return f.get(null);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static Field get_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & java.lang.reflect.Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  throw new RuntimeException("Static field '" + field + "' not found in " + c.getName());
}

static Field get_findField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field))
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  throw new RuntimeException("Field '" + field + "' not found in " + c.getName());
}

static Object get(String field, Object o) {
  return get(o, field);
}

static Object vm_generalMap_get(Object key) {
  return vm_generalMap().get(key);
}

static Object vm_generalMap_put(Object key, Object value) {
  return mapPutOrRemove(vm_generalMap(), key, value);
}

static <A, B> Map<A, B> newWeakMap() {
  return newWeakHashMap();
}

static <A> WeakReference<A> newWeakReference(A a) {
  return a == null ? null : new WeakReference(a);
}

static List<Pair> _registerDangerousWeakMap_preList;

static <A> A _registerDangerousWeakMap(A map) {
  return _registerDangerousWeakMap(map, null);
}

static <A> A _registerDangerousWeakMap(A map, Object init) {
  
  callF(init, map);
  
  if (init instanceof String) {
    final String f =  (String) init;
    init = new VF1<Map>() { public void get(Map map) { try {  callMC(f, map) ; } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "callMC(f, map)"; }};
  }
    
  if (javax() == null) {
    // We're in class init
    if (_registerDangerousWeakMap_preList == null) _registerDangerousWeakMap_preList = synchroList();
    _registerDangerousWeakMap_preList.add(pair(map, init));
    return map;
  }
  
  call(javax(), "_registerDangerousWeakMap", map, init);
  
  return map;
}

static void _onLoad_registerDangerousWeakMap() {
  
  assertNotNull(javax());
  if (_registerDangerousWeakMap_preList == null) return;
  for (Pair p : _registerDangerousWeakMap_preList)
    _registerDangerousWeakMap(p.a, p.b);
  _registerDangerousWeakMap_preList = null;
  
}

static Object call_withVarargs(Object o, String method, Object... args) { try {
  if (o == null) return null;
  
  if (o instanceof Class) {
    Class c = (Class) o;
    _MethodCache cache = callOpt_getCache(c);
    
    Method me = cache.findStaticMethod(method, args);
    if (me != null)
      return invokeMethod(me, null, args);
      
    // try varargs
    List<Method> methods = cache.cache.get(method);
    if (methods != null) methodSearch: for (Method m : methods) {
      { if (!(m.isVarArgs())) continue; }
      { if (!(isStaticMethod(m))) continue; }
      Object[] newArgs = massageArgsForVarArgsCall(m, args);
      if (newArgs != null)
        return invokeMethod(m, null, newArgs);
    }
    
    throw fail("Method " + c.getName() + "." + method + "(" + joinWithComma(classNames(args)) + ") not found");
  } else {
    Class c = o.getClass();
    _MethodCache cache = callOpt_getCache(c);

    Method me = cache.findMethod(method, args);
    if (me != null)
      return invokeMethod(me, o, args);
      
    // try varargs
    List<Method> methods = cache.cache.get(method);
    if (methods != null) methodSearch: for (Method m : methods) {
      { if (!(m.isVarArgs())) continue; }
      Object[] newArgs = massageArgsForVarArgsCall(m, args);
      if (newArgs != null)
        return invokeMethod(m, o, newArgs);
    }
    
    throw fail("Method " + c.getName() + "." + method + "(" + joinWithComma(classNames(args)) + ") not found");
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static <A> int iteratorCount_int_close(Iterator<A> i) { try {
  int n = 0;
  if (i != null) while (i.hasNext()) { i.next(); ++n; }
  if (i instanceof AutoCloseable) ((AutoCloseable) i).close();
  return n;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static RuntimeException asRuntimeException(Throwable t) {
  
  if (t instanceof Error)
    _handleError((Error) t);
  
  return t instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) t : new RuntimeException(t);
}

static Throwable getExceptionCause(Throwable e) {
  Throwable c = e.getCause();
  return c != null ? c : e;
}

static String joinWithSpace(Iterable c) {
  return join(" ", c);
}

static String joinWithSpace(String... c) {
  return join(" ", c);
}


static List<String> classNames(Collection l) {
  return getClassNames(l);
}

static List<String> classNames(Object[] l) {
  return getClassNames(Arrays.asList(l));
}

static boolean isInstanceX(Class type, Object arg) {
  if (type == boolean.class) return arg instanceof Boolean;
  if (type == int.class) return arg instanceof Integer;
  if (type == long.class) return arg instanceof Long;
  if (type == float.class) return arg instanceof Float;
  if (type == short.class) return arg instanceof Short;
  if (type == char.class) return arg instanceof Character;
  if (type == byte.class) return arg instanceof Byte;
  if (type == double.class) return arg instanceof Double;
  return type.isInstance(arg);
}

static Map<String, Class> classForName_cache = synchroHashMap();

static Class classForName(String name) { try {
  if (classForName_cache == null) return Class.forName(name); // in class init
  Class c = classForName_cache.get(name);
  if (c == null)
    classForName_cache.put(name, c = Class.forName(name));
  return c;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Map<Class, Constructor> nuObjectWithoutArguments_cache = newDangerousWeakHashMap();

static Object nuObjectWithoutArguments(String className) { try {
  return nuObjectWithoutArguments(classForName(className));
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static <A> A nuObjectWithoutArguments(Class<A> c) { try {
  if (nuObjectWithoutArguments_cache == null)
    // in class init
    return (A) nuObjectWithoutArguments_findConstructor(c).newInstance();
    
  Constructor m = nuObjectWithoutArguments_cache.get(c);
  if (m == null)
    nuObjectWithoutArguments_cache.put(c, m = nuObjectWithoutArguments_findConstructor(c));
  return (A) m.newInstance();
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Constructor nuObjectWithoutArguments_findConstructor(Class c) {
  for (Constructor m : c.getDeclaredConstructors())
    if (empty(m.getParameterTypes())) {
      makeAccessible(m);
      return m;
    }
  throw fail("No default constructor found in " + c.getName());
}


static List<Class> getClasses(Object[] array) {
  List<Class> l = emptyList(l(array));
  for (Object o : array) l.add(_getClass(o));
  return l;
}

static ThreadLocal<Boolean> assertVerbose_value = new ThreadLocal();

static void assertVerbose(boolean b) {
  assertVerbose_value.set(b);
}

static boolean assertVerbose() { return isTrue(assertVerbose_value.get()); }

static String javaTok_substringC(String s, int i, int j) {
  return s.substring(i, j);
}

static <A> A liftLast(List<A> l) {
  if (empty(l)) return null;
  int i = l(l)-1;
  A a = l.get(i);
  l.remove(i);
  return a;
}

static <A> List<A> liftLast(int n, List<A> l) {
  int i = l(l)-n;
  List<A> part = cloneSubList(l, i);
  removeSubList(l, i);
  return part;
}

static String shortenClassName(String name) {
  if (name == null) return null;
  int i = lastIndexOf(name, "$");
  if (i < 0) i = lastIndexOf(name, ".");
  return i < 0 ? name : substring(name, i+1);
}

static CharSequence subCharSequence(CharSequence s, int x) {
  return subCharSequence(s, x, s == null ? 0 : s.length());
}

static CharSequence subCharSequence(CharSequence s, int x, int y) {
  if (s == null) return null;
  if (x < 0) x = 0;
  if (x >= s.length()) return "";
  if (y < x) y = x;
  if (y > s.length()) y = s.length();
  return s.subSequence(x, y);
}

static int min(int a, int b) {
  return Math.min(a, b);
}

static long min(long a, long b) {
  return Math.min(a, b);
}

static float min(float a, float b) { return Math.min(a, b); }
static float min(float a, float b, float c) { return min(min(a, b), c); }

static double min(double a, double b) {
  return Math.min(a, b);
}

static double min(double[] c) {
  double x = Double.MAX_VALUE;
  for (double d : c) x = Math.min(x, d);
  return x;
}

static float min(float[] c) {
  float x = Float.MAX_VALUE;
  for (float d : c) x = Math.min(x, d);
  return x;
}

static byte min(byte[] c) {
  byte x = 127;
  for (byte d : c) if (d < x) x = d;
  return x;
}

static short min(short[] c) {
  short x = 0x7FFF;
  for (short d : c) if (d < x) x = d;
  return x;
}

static int min(int[] c) {
  int x = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
  for (int d : c) if (d < x) x = d;
  return x;
}

static boolean startsWithOneOf(String s, String... l) {
  for (String x : l) if (startsWith(s, x)) return true; return false;
}

static boolean startsWithOneOf(String s, Matches m, String... l) {
  for (String x : l) if (startsWith(s, x, m)) return true; return false;
}

static String unnull(String s) {
  return s == null ? "" : s;
}

static <A> Collection<A> unnull(Collection<A> l) {
  return l == null ? emptyList() : l;
}

static <A> List<A> unnull(List<A> l) { return l == null ? emptyList() : l; }
static int[] unnull(int[] l) { return l == null ? emptyIntArray() : l; }
static char[] unnull(char[] l) { return l == null ? emptyCharArray() : l; }
static double[] unnull(double[] l) { return l == null ? emptyDoubleArray() : l; }

static <A, B> Map<A, B> unnull(Map<A, B> l) {
  return l == null ? emptyMap() : l;
}

static <A> Iterable<A> unnull(Iterable<A> i) {
  return i == null ? emptyList() : i;
}

static <A> A[] unnull(A[] a) {
  return a == null ? (A[]) emptyObjectArray() : a;
}

static BitSet unnull(BitSet b) {
  return b == null ? new BitSet() : b;
}


static Pt unnull(Pt p) {
  return p == null ? new Pt() : p;
}


//ifclass Symbol



static <A, B> Pair<A, B> unnull(Pair<A, B> p) {
  return p != null ? p : new Pair(null, null);
}


static long unnull(Long l) { return l == null ? 0L : l; }

static boolean nemptyString(String s) {
  return s != null && s.length() > 0;
}

static int strL(String s) {
  return s == null ? 0 : s.length();
}

static int listL(Collection l) {
  return l == null ? 0 : l.size();
}

static boolean neq(Object a, Object b) {
  return !eq(a, b);
}

static byte[] boolArrayToBytes(boolean[] a) {
  byte[] b = new byte[(l(a)+7)/8];
  for (int i = 0; i < l(a); i++)
    if (a[i])
      b[i/8] |= 1 << (i & 7);
  return b;
}

static int cmp(Number a, Number b) {
  return a == null ? b == null ? 0 : -1 : cmp(a.doubleValue(), b.doubleValue());
}

static int cmp(double a, double b) {
  return a < b ? -1 : a == b ? 0 : 1;
}

static int cmp(int a, int b) {
  return a < b ? -1 : a == b ? 0 : 1;
}

static int cmp(long a, long b) {
  return a < b ? -1 : a == b ? 0 : 1;
}

static int cmp(Object a, Object b) {
  if (a == null) return b == null ? 0 : -1;
  if (b == null) return 1;
  return ((Comparable) a).compareTo(b);
}

static ArrayList emptyList() {
  return new ArrayList();
  //ret Collections.emptyList();
}

static ArrayList emptyList(int capacity) {
  return new ArrayList(max(0, capacity));
}

// Try to match capacity
static ArrayList emptyList(Iterable l) {
  return l instanceof Collection ? emptyList(((Collection) l).size()) : emptyList();
}

static ArrayList emptyList(Object[] l) {
  return emptyList(l(l));
}

// get correct type at once
static <A> ArrayList<A> emptyList(Class<A> c) {
  return new ArrayList();
}

static boolean isDigit(char c) {
  return Character.isDigit(c);
}

static HashMap litmap(Object... x) {
  HashMap map = new HashMap();
  litmap_impl(map, x);
  return map;
}

static void litmap_impl(Map map, Object... x) {
  if (x != null) for (int i = 0; i < x.length-1; i += 2)
    if (x[i+1] != null)
      map.put(x[i], x[i+1]);
}




//sbool ping_actions_shareable = true;
static volatile boolean ping_pauseAll = false;
static int ping_sleep = 100; // poll pauseAll flag every 100
static volatile boolean ping_anyActions = false;
static Map<Thread, Object> ping_actions = newWeakHashMap();
static ThreadLocal<Boolean> ping_isCleanUpThread = new ThreadLocal();

// always returns true
static boolean ping() {
  if (ping_pauseAll || ping_anyActions) ping_impl(true /* XXX */);
  //ifndef LeanMode ping_impl(); endifndef
  return true;
}

// returns true when it slept
static boolean ping_impl(boolean okInCleanUp) { try {
  if (ping_pauseAll && !isAWTThread()) {
    do
      Thread.sleep(ping_sleep);
    while (ping_pauseAll);
    return true;
  }
  
  if (ping_anyActions) { // don't allow sharing ping_actions
    if (!okInCleanUp && !isTrue(ping_isCleanUpThread.get()))
      failIfUnlicensed();
    Object action = null;
    synchronized(ping_actions) {
      if (!ping_actions.isEmpty()) {
        action = ping_actions.get(currentThread());
        if (action instanceof Runnable)
          ping_actions.remove(currentThread());
        if (ping_actions.isEmpty()) ping_anyActions = false;
      }
    }
    
    if (action instanceof Runnable)
      ((Runnable) action).run();
    else if (eq(action, "cancelled"))
      throw fail("Thread cancelled.");
  }

  return false;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }


static Object getOpt(Object o, String field) {
  return getOpt_cached(o, field);
}

static Object getOpt(String field, Object o) {
  return getOpt_cached(o, field);
}

static Object getOpt_raw(Object o, String field) { try {
  Field f = getOpt_findField(o.getClass(), field);
  if (f == null) return null;
  makeAccessible(f);
  return f.get(o);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

// access of static fields is not yet optimized
static Object getOpt(Class c, String field) { try {
  if (c == null) return null;
  Field f = getOpt_findStaticField(c, field);
  if (f == null) return null;
  makeAccessible(f);
  return f.get(null);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Field getOpt_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & java.lang.reflect.Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return null;
}


static <A> A or(A a, A b) {
  return a != null ? a : b;
}

static <A> int indexOf(List<A> l, A a, int startIndex) {
  if (l == null) return -1;
  int n = l(l);
  for (int i = startIndex; i < n; i++)
    if (eq(l.get(i), a))
      return i;
  return -1;
}

static <A> int indexOf(List<A> l, int startIndex, A a) {
  return indexOf(l, a, startIndex);
}

static <A> int indexOf(List<A> l, A a) {
  if (l == null) return -1;
  return l.indexOf(a);
}

static int indexOf(String a, String b) {
  return a == null || b == null ? -1 : a.indexOf(b);
}

static int indexOf(String a, String b, int i) {
  return a == null || b == null ? -1 : a.indexOf(b, i);
}

static int indexOf(String a, char b) {
  return a == null ? -1 : a.indexOf(b);
}

static int indexOf(String a, int i, char b) {
  return indexOf(a, b, i);
}

static int indexOf(String a, char b, int i) {
  return a == null ? -1 : a.indexOf(b, i);
}

static int indexOf(String a, int i, String b) {
  return a == null || b == null ? -1 : a.indexOf(b, i);
}

static <A> int indexOf(A[] x, A a) {
  int n = l(x);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    if (eq(x[i], a))
      return i;
  return -1;
}

static void rotateStringBuffer(StringBuffer buf, int max) { try {
  if (buf == null) return;
  synchronized(buf) {
    if (buf.length() <= max) return;
    
    try {
      int newLength = max/2;
      int ofs = buf.length()-newLength;
      String newString = buf.substring(ofs);
      buf.setLength(0);
      buf.append("[...] ").append(newString);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      buf.setLength(0);
    }
    buf.trimToSize();
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static void rotateStringBuilder(StringBuilder buf, int max) { try {
  if (buf == null) return;
  synchronized(buf) {
    if (buf.length() <= max) return;
    
    try {
      int newLength = max/2;
      int ofs = buf.length()-newLength;
      String newString = buf.substring(ofs);
      buf.setLength(0);
      buf.append("[...] ").append(newString);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      buf.setLength(0);
    }
    buf.trimToSize();
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Object vmBus_wrapArgs(Object... args) {
  return empty(args) ? null
    : l(args) == 1 ? args[0]
    : args;
}

static void pcallFAll(Collection l, Object... args) {
  if (l != null) for (Object f : cloneList(l)) pcallF(f, args);
}

static void pcallFAll(Iterator it, Object... args) {
  while (it.hasNext()) pcallF(it.next(), args);
}

static Set vm_busListeners_live_cache;
static Set vm_busListeners_live() { if (vm_busListeners_live_cache == null) vm_busListeners_live_cache = vm_busListeners_live_load(); return vm_busListeners_live_cache; }

static Set vm_busListeners_live_load() {
  return vm_generalIdentityHashSet("busListeners");
}

static Map<String, Set> vm_busListenersByMessage_live_cache;
static Map<String, Set> vm_busListenersByMessage_live() { if (vm_busListenersByMessage_live_cache == null) vm_busListenersByMessage_live_cache = vm_busListenersByMessage_live_load(); return vm_busListenersByMessage_live_cache; }

static Map<String, Set> vm_busListenersByMessage_live_load() {
  return vm_generalHashMap("busListenersByMessage");
}

static String quickSubstring(String s, int i, int j) {
  if (i == j) return "";
  return s.substring(i, j);
}

static boolean endsWith(String a, String b) {
  return a != null && a.endsWith(b);
}

static boolean endsWith(String a, char c) {
  return nempty(a) && lastChar(a) == c;
}


  static boolean endsWith(String a, String b, Matches m) {
    if (!endsWith(a, b)) return false;
    m.m = new String[] {dropLast(l(b), a)};
    return true;
  }



static boolean emptyString(String s) {
  return s == null || s.length() == 0;
}

static String dropSuffix(String suffix, String s) {
  return s.endsWith(suffix) ? s.substring(0, l(s)-l(suffix)) : s;
}

static <A> TreeMap<String, A> caseInsensitiveMap() {
  return new TreeMap(caseInsensitiveComparator());
}

static Object safeUnstructure(String s) {
  return unstructure(s, true);
}

static boolean odd(int i) {
  return (i & 1) != 0;
}

static boolean odd(long i) {
  return (i & 1) != 0;
}

static boolean odd(BigInteger i) { return odd(toInt(i)); }

static int parseHexChar(char c) {
  if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') return charDiff(c, '0');
  if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') return charDiff(c, 'a')+10;
  if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') return charDiff(c, 'A')+10;
  return -1;
}

static String assertIsIdentifier(String s) {
  if (!isIdentifier(s))
    throw fail("Not an identifier: " + quote(s));
  return s;
}

static String assertIsIdentifier(String msg, String s) {
  if (!isIdentifier(s))
    throw fail(msg + " - Not an identifier: " + quote(s));
  return s;
}

static String[] dropFirst(int n, String[] a) {
  return drop(n, a);
}

static String[] dropFirst(String[] a) {
  return drop(1, a);
}

static Object[] dropFirst(Object[] a) {
  return drop(1, a);
}

static <A> List<A> dropFirst(List<A> l) {
  return dropFirst(1, l);
}

static <A> List<A> dropFirst(int n, Iterable<A> i) { return dropFirst(n, toList(i)); }
static <A> List<A> dropFirst(Iterable<A> i) { return dropFirst(toList(i)); }

static <A> List<A> dropFirst(int n, List<A> l) {
  return n <= 0 ? l : new ArrayList(l.subList(Math.min(n, l.size()), l.size()));
}

static <A> List<A> dropFirst(List<A> l, int n) {
  return dropFirst(n, l);
}

static String dropFirst(int n, String s) { return substring(s, n); }
static String dropFirst(String s, int n) { return substring(s, n); }
static String dropFirst(String s) { return substring(s, 1); }



// Use like this: renderVars(+x, +y)
static String renderVars_str(Object... params) {
  List<String> l = new ArrayList();
  for (int i = 0; i+1 < l(params); i += 2)
    l.add(params[i] + "=" + params[i+1]);
  return trim(joinWithComma(l));
}

static Class getOuterClass(Class c) {
  return getOuterClass(c, null);
}

static Class getOuterClass(Class c, Object classFinder) { try {
  String s = c.getName();
  int i = s.lastIndexOf('$');
  String name = substring(s, 0, i);
  if (classFinder != null) return (Class) callF(classFinder, name);
  return Class.forName(name);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static boolean endsWithLetter(String s) {
  return nempty(s) && isLetter(last(s));
}

static String structureForUser(Object o) {
  return beautifyStructure(struct_noStringSharing(o));
}

static HashMap<String, Field> instanceFieldsMap(Object o) {
  Class c = o.getClass();
  HashMap<String, Field> map;
  synchronized(getOpt_cache) {
    map = getOpt_cache.get(c);
    if (map == null)
      map = getOpt_makeCache(c);
  }
  return map;
}


static void smartSet(Field f, Object o, Object value) throws Exception {
  try {
    f.set(o, value);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    Class type = f.getType();
    
    // take care of common case (long to int)
    if (type == int.class && value instanceof Long)
      value = ((Long) value).intValue();
    
    if (type == LinkedHashMap.class && value instanceof Map)
      { f.set(o, asLinkedHashMap((Map) value)); return; }
    
    
      try {
        if (f.getType() == Concept.Ref.class) {
          f.set(o, ((Concept) o).new Ref((Concept) value));
          return;
        }
        if (o instanceof Concept.Ref) {
          f.set(o, ((Concept.Ref) o).get());
          return;
        }
      } catch (Throwable _e) {}
    
    throw e;
  }
}

static <A, B> LinkedHashMap<A, B> syncMapPut2_createLinkedHashMap(LinkedHashMap<A, B> map, A key, B value) {
  if (key != null)
    if (value != null) {
      if (map == null) map = new LinkedHashMap();
      synchronized(collectionMutex(map)) { map.put(key, value); }
    } else if (map != null) synchronized(collectionMutex(map)) { map.remove(key); }
  return map;
}

static <A, B> Set<A> keys(Map<A, B> map) {
  return map == null ? new HashSet() : map.keySet();
}

// convenience shortcut for keys_gen
static Set keys(Object map) {
  return keys((Map) map);
}


  static <A> Set<A> keys(MultiSet<A> ms) {
    return ms.keySet();
  }








static Field setOpt_findField(Class c, String field) {
  HashMap<String, Field> map;
  synchronized(getOpt_cache) {
    map = getOpt_cache.get(c);
    if (map == null)
      map = getOpt_makeCache(c);
  }
  return map.get(field);
}

static void setOpt(Object o, String field, Object value) { try {
  if (o == null) return;
  
  
  
  Class c = o.getClass();
  HashMap<String, Field> map;
  
  if (getOpt_cache == null)
    map = getOpt_makeCache(c); // in class init
  else synchronized(getOpt_cache) {
    map = getOpt_cache.get(c);
    if (map == null)
      map = getOpt_makeCache(c);
  }
  
  if (map == getOpt_special) {
    if (o instanceof Class) {
      setOpt((Class) o, field, value);
      return;
    }
    
    // It's probably a subclass of Map. Use raw method
    setOpt_raw(o, field, value);
    return;
  }
  
  Field f = map.get(field);
  
  if (f != null)
    { smartSet(f, o, value); return; } // possible improvement: skip setAccessible
  
    if (o instanceof DynamicObject)
      setDyn(((DynamicObject) o), field, value);
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static void setOpt(Class c, String field, Object value) {
  if (c == null) return;
  try {
    Field f = setOpt_findStaticField(c, field); // TODO: optimize
    if (f != null)
      smartSet(f, null, value);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}
  
static Field setOpt_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & java.lang.reflect.Modifier.STATIC) != 0) {
        makeAccessible(f);
        return f;
      }
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return null;
}

static String exceptionToStringShort(Throwable e) {
  lastException(e);
  e = getInnerException(e);
  String msg = hideCredentials(unnull(e.getMessage()));
  if (msg.indexOf("Error") < 0 && msg.indexOf("Exception") < 0)
    return baseClassName(e) + prependIfNempty(": ", msg);
  else
    return msg;
}

static void warnIfOddCount(Object... list) {
  if (odd(l(list)))
    printStackTrace("Odd list size: " + list);
}



static Map<Class, Field[]> thisDollarOneFields_cache = newDangerousWeakHashMap();

static Field[] thisDollarOneFields(Class c) {
  synchronized(thisDollarOneFields_cache) {
    Field[] l = thisDollarOneFields_cache.get(c);
    if (l == null)
      thisDollarOneFields_cache.put(c, l = thisDollarOneFields_uncached(c));
    return l;
  }
}

static Field[] thisDollarOneFields_uncached(Class c) {
  List<Field> fields = new ArrayList();
  do {
    for (Field f : c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals("this$1"))
        fields.add(makeAccessible(f));
    c = c.getSuperclass();
  } while (c != null);
  return toArray(new Field[l(fields)], fields);
}



static Method fastIntern_method;

static String fastIntern(String s) { try {
  if (s == null) return null;
  if (fastIntern_method == null) {
    fastIntern_method = findMethodNamed(javax(), "internPerProgram");
    if (fastIntern_method == null) upgradeJavaXAndRestart();
  }
    
  return (String) fastIntern_method.invoke(null, s);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Map<Class, HashMap<String, Method>> callOpt_noArgs_cache = newDangerousWeakHashMap();

static Object callOpt_noArgs(Object o, String method) { try {
  if (o == null) return null;
  if (o instanceof Class)
    return callOpt(o, method); // not optimized
  
  Class c = o.getClass();
  HashMap<String, Method> map;
  synchronized(callOpt_noArgs_cache) {
    map = callOpt_noArgs_cache.get(c);
    if (map == null)
      map = callOpt_noArgs_makeCache(c);
  }

  Method m = map.get(method);
  return m != null ? m.invoke(o) : null;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

// used internally - we are in synchronized block
static HashMap<String, Method> callOpt_noArgs_makeCache(Class c) {
  HashMap<String, Method> map = new HashMap();
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods())
      if (m.getParameterTypes().length == 0 
        && !reflection_isForbiddenMethod(m)) {
        makeAccessible(m);
        String name = m.getName();
        if (!map.containsKey(name))
          map.put(name, m);
      }
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  callOpt_noArgs_cache.put(c, map);
  return map;
}

static TreeSet<String> caseInsensitiveSet() {
  return caseInsensitiveSet_treeSet();
}

static TreeSet<String> caseInsensitiveSet(Collection<String> c) {
  return caseInsensitiveSet_treeSet(c);
}

// TODO: extended multi-line strings

static int javaTok_n, javaTok_elements;
static boolean javaTok_opt = false;

static List<String> javaTok(String s) {
  ++javaTok_n;
  ArrayList<String> tok = new ArrayList();
  int l = s == null ? 0 : s.length();
  
  int i = 0;
  while (i < l) {
    int j = i;
    char c, d;
    
        // scan for whitespace
        while (j < l) {
          c = s.charAt(j);
          d = j+1 >= l ? '\0' : s.charAt(j+1);
          if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
            ++j;
          else if (c == '/' && d == '*') {
            do ++j; while (j < l && !regionMatches(s, j, "*/"));
            j = Math.min(j+2, l);
          } else if (c == '/' && d == '/') {
            do ++j; while (j < l && "\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) < 0);
          } else
            break;
        }
        
        tok.add(javaTok_substringN(s, i, j));
        i = j;
        if (i >= l) break;
        c = s.charAt(i);
        d = i+1 >= l ? '\0' : s.charAt(i+1);
    
        // scan for non-whitespace
        
        // Special JavaX syntax: 'identifier
        if (c == '\'' && Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(d) && i+2 < l && "'\\".indexOf(s.charAt(i+2)) < 0) {
          j += 2;
          while (j < l && Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)))
            ++j;
        } else if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
          char opener = c;
          ++j;
          while (j < l) {
            int c2 = s.charAt(j);
            if (c2 == opener || c2 == '\n' && opener == '\'') { // allow multi-line strings, but not for '
              ++j;
              break;
            } else if (c2 == '\\' && j+1 < l)
              j += 2;
            else
              ++j;
          }
        } else if (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(c))
          do ++j; while (j < l && (Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)) || s.charAt(j) == '\'')); // for stuff like "don't"
        else if (Character.isDigit(c)) {
          do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
          if (j < l && s.charAt(j) == 'L') ++j; // Long constants like 1L
        } else if (c == '[' && d == '[') {
          do ++j; while (j < l && !regionMatches(s, j, "]]"));
          j = Math.min(j+2, l);
        } else if (c == '[' && d == '=' && i+2 < l && s.charAt(i+2) == '[') {
          do ++j; while (j+2 < l && !regionMatches(s, j, "]=]"));
          j = Math.min(j+3, l);
        } else
          ++j;
      
    tok.add(javaTok_substringC(s, i, j));
    i = j;
  }
  
  if ((tok.size() % 2) == 0) tok.add("");
  javaTok_elements += tok.size();
  return tok;
}

static List<String> javaTok(List<String> tok) {
  return javaTokWithExisting(join(tok), tok);
}

// match2 matches multiple "*" (matches a single token) wildcards and zero or one "..." wildcards (matches multiple tokens)

static String[] match2(List<String> pat, List<String> tok) {
  // standard case (no ...)
  int i = pat.indexOf("...");
  if (i < 0) return match2_match(pat, tok);
  
  pat = new ArrayList<String>(pat); // We're modifying it, so copy first
  pat.set(i, "*");
  while (pat.size() < tok.size()) {
    pat.add(i, "*");
    pat.add(i+1, ""); // doesn't matter
  }
  
  return match2_match(pat, tok);
}

static String[] match2_match(List<String> pat, List<String> tok) {
  List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
  if (pat.size() != tok.size()) {
    
    return null;
  }
  for (int i = 1; i < pat.size(); i += 2) {
    String p = pat.get(i), t = tok.get(i);
    
    if (eq(p, "*"))
      result.add(t);
    else if (!equalsIgnoreCase(unquote(p), unquote(t))) // bold change - match quoted and unquoted now. TODO: should remove
      return null;
  }
  return result.toArray(new String[result.size()]);
}


static <A> boolean addToCollection(Collection<A> c, A a) {
  return c != null && c.add(a);
}

static String getType(Object o) {
  return getClassName(o);
}

static long getFileSize(String path) {
  return path == null ? 0 : new File(path).length();
}

static long getFileSize(File f) {
  return f == null ? 0 : f.length();
}

static Set<String> allFields(Object o) {
  TreeSet<String> fields = new TreeSet();
  Class _c = _getClass(o);
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      fields.add(f.getName());
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return fields;
}

static int stdHash(Object a, String... fields) {
  if (a == null) return 0;
  int hash = getClassName(a).hashCode();
  for (String field : fields)
    hash = boostHashCombine(hash, hashCode(getOpt(a, field)));
  return hash;
}

static String[] toStringArray(Collection<String> c) {
  String[] a = new String[l(c)];
  Iterator<String> it = c.iterator();
  for (int i = 0; i < l(a); i++)
    a[i] = it.next();
  return a;
}

static String[] toStringArray(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof String[])
    return (String[]) o;
  else if (o instanceof Collection)
    return toStringArray((Collection<String>) o);
  else
    throw fail("Not a collection or array: " + getClassName(o));
}


static long sysNow() {
  ping();
  return System.nanoTime()/1000000;
}

static ThreadLocal<Long> saveTiming_last = new ThreadLocal();

static void saveTiming(long ms) {
  print(ms + " ms");
  saveTiming_noPrint(ms);
}

static void saveTiming_noPrint(long ms) {
  saveTiming_last.set(ms);
}

static <A> A setAll(A o, Map<String, Object> fields) {
  if (fields == null) return o;
  for (String field : keys(fields))
    set(o, field, fields.get(field));
  return o;
}

static <A> A setAll(A o, Object... values) {
  //values = expandParams(c.getClass(), values);
  failIfOddCount(values);
  for (int i = 0; i+1 < l(values); i += 2) {
    String field = (String) values[i];
    Object value = values[i+1];
    set(o, field, value);
  }
  return o;
}

static NavigableMap synchroTreeMap() {
  return Collections.synchronizedNavigableMap(new TreeMap());
}


static int isAndroid_flag;

static boolean isAndroid() {
  if (isAndroid_flag == 0)
    isAndroid_flag = System.getProperty("java.vendor").toLowerCase().indexOf("android") >= 0 ? 1 : -1;
  return isAndroid_flag > 0;
}


static boolean showAnimationInTopRightCorner_alwaysOnTop = true;
static boolean showAnimationInTopRightCorner_on = true;

// automatically switches to AWT thread for you
// text is optional text below image
static JWindow showAnimationInTopRightCorner(String imageID, String text) {
  if (isHeadless() || !showAnimationInTopRightCorner_on) return null;
  return showAnimationInTopRightCorner(imageIcon(imageID), text);
}

static JWindow showAnimationInTopRightCorner(final Image image, final String text) {
  if (image == null || isHeadless() || !showAnimationInTopRightCorner_on) return null;
  return showAnimationInTopRightCorner(imageIcon(image), text);
}

static JWindow showAnimationInTopRightCorner(final ImageIcon imageIcon, final String text) {
  if (isHeadless() || !showAnimationInTopRightCorner_on) return null;
  return (JWindow) swingAndWait(new F0<Object>() { public Object get() { try { 
    JLabel label = new JLabel(imageIcon);
    if (nempty(text)) {
      label.setText(text);
      label.setVerticalTextPosition(SwingConstants.BOTTOM);
      label.setHorizontalTextPosition(SwingConstants.CENTER);
    }
    final JWindow window = showInTopRightCorner(label);
    onClick(label, new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  window.dispose() ;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "window.dispose()"; }});
    if (showAnimationInTopRightCorner_alwaysOnTop)
      window.setAlwaysOnTop(true);
    return window;
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "JLabel label = new JLabel(imageIcon);\r\n    if (nempty(text)) {\r\n      label.s..."; }});
}

static JWindow showAnimationInTopRightCorner(final String imageID) {
  return showAnimationInTopRightCorner(imageID, "");
}

static JWindow showAnimationInTopRightCorner(String imageID, double seconds) {
  return showAnimationInTopRightCorner(imageID, "", seconds);
}

static JWindow showAnimationInTopRightCorner(String imageID, String text, double seconds) {
  if (isHeadless()) return null;
  return disposeWindowAfter(iround(seconds*1000), showAnimationInTopRightCorner(imageID, text));
}

static JWindow showAnimationInTopRightCorner(BufferedImage img, String text, double seconds) {
  return disposeWindowAfter(iround(seconds*1000), showAnimationInTopRightCorner(img, text));
}


static volatile boolean sleep_noSleep = false;

static void sleep(long ms) {
  ping();
  if (ms < 0) return;
  // allow spin locks
  if (isAWTThread() && ms > 100) throw fail("Should not sleep on AWT thread");
  try {
    Thread.sleep(ms);
  } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
}

static void sleep() { try {
  if (sleep_noSleep) throw fail("nosleep");
  print("Sleeping.");
  sleepQuietly();
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static long round(double d) {
  return Math.round(d);
}

static String round(String s) {
  return roundBracket(s);
}

static Throwable getException(Runnable r) {
  try {
    callF(r);
    return null;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    return e;
  }
}

static boolean isAGIBlueDomain(String domain) {
  return domainIsUnder(domain, theAGIBlueDomain());
}

static String hostNameFromURL(String url) { try {
  return new URL(url).getHost();
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Class __javax;

static Class getJavaX() { try {
  
  return __javax;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }



//static final Map<Class, HashMap<S, Field>> getOpt_cache = newDangerousWeakHashMap(f getOpt_special_init);

static class getOpt_Map extends WeakHashMap {
  getOpt_Map() {
    if (getOpt_special == null) getOpt_special = new HashMap();
    clear();
  }
  
  public void clear() {
    super.clear();
    //print("getOpt clear");
    put(Class.class, getOpt_special);
    put(String.class, getOpt_special);
  }
}

static final Map<Class, HashMap<String, Field>> getOpt_cache = _registerDangerousWeakMap(synchroMap(new getOpt_Map()));
//static final Map<Class, HashMap<S, Field>> getOpt_cache = _registerWeakMap(synchroMap(new getOpt_Map));
static HashMap getOpt_special; // just a marker

/*static void getOpt_special_init(Map map) {
  map.put(Class.class, getOpt_special);
  map.put(S.class, getOpt_special);
}*/

static Object getOpt_cached(Object o, String field) { try {
  if (o == null) return null;

  Class c = o.getClass();
  HashMap<String, Field> map;
  synchronized(getOpt_cache) {
    map = getOpt_cache.get(c);
    if (map == null)
      map = getOpt_makeCache(c);
  }
  
  if (map == getOpt_special) {
    if (o instanceof Class)
      return getOpt((Class) o, field);
    /*if (o instanceof S)
      ret getOpt(getBot((S) o), field);*/
    if (o instanceof Map)
      return ((Map) o).get(field);
  }
    
  Field f = map.get(field);
  if (f != null) return f.get(o);
  
    if (o instanceof DynamicObject)
      return mapGet2(((DynamicObject) o).fieldValues, field);
  
  return null;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

// used internally - we are in synchronized block
static HashMap<String, Field> getOpt_makeCache(Class c) {
  HashMap<String, Field> map;
  if (isSubtypeOf(c, Map.class))
    map = getOpt_special;
  else {
    map = new HashMap();
    if (!reflection_classesNotToScan().contains(c.getName())) {
      Class _c = c;
      do {
        for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields()) {
          makeAccessible(f);
          String name = f.getName();
          if (!map.containsKey(name))
            map.put(name, f);
        }
        _c = _c.getSuperclass();
      } while (_c != null);
    }
  }
  if (getOpt_cache != null) getOpt_cache.put(c, map);
  return map;
}

static <A> AutoCloseable tempSetThreadLocal(final ThreadLocal<A> tl, A a) {
  if (tl == null) return null;
  final A prev = setThreadLocal(tl, a);
  return new AutoCloseable() { public String toString() { return "tl.set(prev);"; } public void close() throws Exception { tl.set(prev); }};
}

static String formatSnippetIDOpt(String s) {
  return isSnippetID(s) ? formatSnippetID(s) : s;
}

static String formatSnippetID(String id) {
  return "#" + parseSnippetID(id);
}

static String formatSnippetID(long id) {
  return "#" + id;
}

static Class getMainClass() {
  return mc();
}

static Class getMainClass(Object o) { try {
  if (o == null) return null;
  if (o instanceof Class && eq(((Class) o).getName(), "x30")) return (Class) o;
  ClassLoader cl = (o instanceof Class ? (Class) o : o.getClass()).getClassLoader();
  return cl == null ? null : cl.loadClass("main");
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static <A extends Throwable> A printException(A e) {
  printStackTrace(e);
  return e;
}

static <A> A assertNotNull(A a) {
  assertTrue(a != null);
  return a;
}

static <A> A assertNotNull(String msg, A a) {
  assertTrue(msg, a != null);
  return a;
}

static Map synchroHashMap() {
  return Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap());
}


static Field getOpt_findField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field))
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return null;
}

static Map vm_generalMap_map;

static Map vm_generalMap() {
  if (vm_generalMap_map == null)
    vm_generalMap_map = (Map) get(javax(), "generalMap");
  return vm_generalMap_map;
}

static <A, B> B mapPutOrRemove(Map<A, B> map, A key, B value) {
  if (map != null && key != null)
    if (value != null) return map.put(key, value);
    else return map.remove(key);
  return null;
}

static HashMap<String, List<Method>> callMC_cache = new HashMap();
static String callMC_key;
static Method callMC_value;

// varargs assignment fixer for a single string array argument
static Object callMC(String method, String[] arg) {
  return callMC(method, new Object[] {arg});
}

static Object callMC(String method, Object... args) { try {
  Method me;
  if (callMC_cache == null) callMC_cache = new HashMap(); // initializer time workaround
  synchronized(callMC_cache) {
    me = method == callMC_key ? callMC_value : null;
  }
  if (me != null) try {
    return invokeMethod(me, null, args);
  } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
    throw new RuntimeException("Can't call " + me + " with arguments " + classNames(args), e);
  }

  List<Method> m;
  synchronized(callMC_cache) {
    m = callMC_cache.get(method);
  }
  if (m == null) {
    if (callMC_cache.isEmpty()) {
      callMC_makeCache();
      m = callMC_cache.get(method);
    }
    if (m == null) throw fail("Method named " + method + " not found in main");
  }
  int n = m.size();
  if (n == 1) {
    me = m.get(0);
    synchronized(callMC_cache) {
      callMC_key = method;
      callMC_value = me;
    }
    try {
      return invokeMethod(me, null, args);
    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException("Can't call " + me + " with arguments " + classNames(args), e);
    }
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    me = m.get(i);
    if (call_checkArgs(me, args, false))
      return invokeMethod(me, null, args);
  }
  throw fail("No method called " + method + " with arguments (" + joinWithComma(getClasses(args)) + ") found in main");
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static void callMC_makeCache() {
  synchronized(callMC_cache) {
    callMC_cache.clear();
    Class _c = (Class) mc(), c = _c;
    while (c != null) {
      for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods())
        if ((m.getModifiers() & java.lang.reflect.Modifier.STATIC) != 0) {
          makeAccessible(m);
          multiMapPut(callMC_cache, m.getName(), m);
        }
      c = c.getSuperclass();
    }
  }
}

static final Map<Class, _MethodCache> callOpt_cache = newDangerousWeakHashMap();

static Object callOpt_cached(Object o, String methodName, Object... args) { try {
  if (o == null) return null;
  
  if (o instanceof Class) {
    Class c = (Class) o;
    _MethodCache cache = callOpt_getCache(c);
    
    // TODO: (super-rare) case where method exists static and non-static
    // with different args
    
    Method me = cache.findMethod(methodName, args);
    if (me == null || (me.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) return null;
    return invokeMethod(me, null, args);
  } else {
    Class c = o.getClass();
    _MethodCache cache = callOpt_getCache(c);

    Method me = cache.findMethod(methodName, args);
    if (me == null) return null;
    return invokeMethod(me, o, args);
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static _MethodCache callOpt_getCache(Class c) {
  synchronized(callOpt_cache) {
    _MethodCache cache = callOpt_cache.get(c);
    if (cache == null)
      callOpt_cache.put(c, cache = new _MethodCache(c));
    return cache;
  }
}

static boolean isStaticMethod(Method m) {
  return methodIsStatic(m);
}

static Object[] massageArgsForVarArgsCall(Method m, Object[] args) {
  Class<?>[] types = m.getParameterTypes();
  int n = types.length-1, nArgs = args.length;
  if (nArgs < n) return null;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    if (!argumentCompatibleWithType(args[i], types[i]))
      return null;
  Class varArgType = types[n].getComponentType();
  for (int i = n; i < nArgs; i++)
    if (!argumentCompatibleWithType(args[i], varArgType))
      return null;
  Object[] newArgs = new Object[n+1];
  arraycopy(args, 0, newArgs, 0, n);
  Object[] varArgs = arrayOfType(varArgType, nArgs-n);
  arraycopy(args, n, varArgs, 0, nArgs-n);
  newArgs[n] = varArgs;
  return newArgs;
}

static <A> String joinWithComma(Collection<A> c) {
  return join(", ", c);
}

static String joinWithComma(String... c) {
  return join(", ", c);
}


static String joinWithComma(Pair p) {
  return p == null ? "" : joinWithComma(str(p.a), str(p.b));
}


public static <A> String join(String glue, Iterable<A> strings) {
  if (strings == null) return "";
  if (strings instanceof Collection) {
    if (((Collection) strings).size() == 1) return str(first(((Collection) strings)));
  }
  StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
  Iterator<A> i = strings.iterator();
  if (i.hasNext()) {
    buf.append(i.next());
    while (i.hasNext())
      buf.append(glue).append(i.next());
  }
  return buf.toString();
}

public static String join(String glue, String... strings) {
  return join(glue, Arrays.asList(strings));
}

static <A> String join(Iterable<A> strings) {
  return join("", strings);
}

static <A> String join(Iterable<A> strings, String glue) {
  return join(glue, strings);
}

public static String join(String[] strings) {
  return join("", strings);
}


static String join(String glue, Pair p) {
  return p == null ? "" : str(p.a) + glue + str(p.b);
}


static List<String> getClassNames(Collection l) {
  List<String> out = new ArrayList();
  if (l != null) for (Object o : l)
    out.add(o == null ? null : getClassName(o));
  return out;
}

static boolean isTrue(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof Boolean)
    return ((Boolean) o).booleanValue();
  if (o == null) return false;
  if (o instanceof ThreadLocal) // TODO: remove this
    return isTrue(((ThreadLocal) o).get());
  throw fail(getClassName(o));
}

static boolean isTrue(Boolean b) {
  return b != null && b.booleanValue();
}

static <A> List<A> cloneSubList(List<A> l, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
  return newSubList(l, startIndex, endIndex);
}

static <A> List<A> cloneSubList(List<A> l, int startIndex) {
  return newSubList(l, startIndex);
}

static void removeSubList(List l, int from, int to) {
  if (l != null) subList(l, from, to).clear();
}

static void removeSubList(List l, int from) {
  if (l != null) subList(l, from).clear();
}

static int lastIndexOf(String a, String b) {
  return a == null || b == null ? -1 : a.lastIndexOf(b);
}

static int lastIndexOf(String a, char b) {
  return a == null ? -1 : a.lastIndexOf(b);
}

// starts searching from i-1
static <A> int lastIndexOf(List<A> l, int i, A a) {
  if (l == null) return -1;
  for (i = min(l(l), i)-1; i >= 0; i--)
    if (eq(l.get(i), a))
      return i;
  return -1;
}

static <A> int lastIndexOf(List<A> l, A a) {
  if (l == null) return -1;
  for (int i = l(l)-1; i >= 0; i--)
    if (eq(l.get(i), a))
      return i;
  return -1;
}

static int[] emptyIntArray_a = new int[0];
static int[] emptyIntArray() { return emptyIntArray_a; }

static char[] emptyCharArray = new char[0];
static char[] emptyCharArray() { return emptyCharArray; }

static double[] emptyDoubleArray = new double[0];
static double[] emptyDoubleArray() { return emptyDoubleArray; }

static Map emptyMap() {
  return new HashMap();
}

static Object[] emptyObjectArray_a = new Object[0];
static Object[] emptyObjectArray() { return emptyObjectArray_a; }

static int max(int a, int b) { return Math.max(a, b); }
static int max(int a, int b, int c) { return max(max(a, b), c); }
static long max(int a, long b) { return Math.max((long) a, b); }
static long max(long a, long b) { return Math.max(a, b); }
static double max(int a, double b) { return Math.max((double) a, b); }
static float max(float a, float b) { return Math.max(a, b); }
static double max(double a, double b) { return Math.max(a, b); }

static int max(Collection<Integer> c) {
  int x = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
  for (int i : c) x = max(x, i);
  return x;
}

static double max(double[] c) {
  if (c.length == 0) return Double.MIN_VALUE;
  double x = c[0];
  for (int i = 1; i < c.length; i++) x = Math.max(x, c[i]);
  return x;
}

static float max(float[] c) {
  if (c.length == 0) return Float.MAX_VALUE;
  float x = c[0];
  for (int i = 1; i < c.length; i++) x = Math.max(x, c[i]);
  return x;
}

static byte max(byte[] c) {
  byte x = -128;
  for (byte d : c) if (d > x) x = d;
  return x;
}

static short max(short[] c) {
  short x = -0x8000;
  for (short d : c) if (d > x) x = d;
  return x;
}

static int max(int[] c) {
  int x = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
  for (int d : c) if (d > x) x = d;
  return x;
}

// TODO: test if android complains about this
static boolean isAWTThread() {
  if (isAndroid()) return false;
  if (isHeadless()) return false;
  return isAWTThread_awt();
}

static boolean isAWTThread_awt() {
  return SwingUtilities.isEventDispatchThread();
}

static void failIfUnlicensed() {
  assertTrue("license off", licensed());
}

static Thread currentThread() {
  return Thread.currentThread();
}

static Object pcallF(Object f, Object... args) {
  return pcallFunction(f, args);
}


static <A> A pcallF(F0<A> f) { try {
  return f == null ? null : f.get();
} catch (Throwable __e) { return null; } }



static <A, B> B pcallF(F1<A, B> f, A a) { try {
  return f == null ? null : f.get(a);
} catch (Throwable __e) { return null; } }



static <A> void pcallF(VF1<A> f, A a) {
  try {
    { if (f != null) f.get(a); }
  } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }
}


static <A, B> B pcallF(IF1<A, B> f, A a) { try {
  return f == null ? null : f.get(a);
} catch (Throwable __e) { return null; } }


static Set vm_generalIdentityHashSet(Object name) {
  synchronized(get(javax(), "generalMap")) {
    Set set =  (Set) (vm_generalMap_get(name));
    if (set == null)
      vm_generalMap_put(name, set = syncIdentityHashSet());
    return set;
  }
}


static Map vm_generalHashMap(Object name) {
  synchronized(get(javax(), "generalMap")) {
    Map m =  (Map) (vm_generalMap_get(name));
    if (m == null)
      vm_generalMap_put(name, m = syncHashMap());
    return m;
  }
}


static char lastChar(String s) {
  return empty(s) ? '\0' : s.charAt(l(s)-1);
}

static <A> A[] dropLast(A[] a) { return dropLast(a, 1); }
static <A> A[] dropLast(A[] a, int n) {
  if (a == null) return null;
  n = Math.min(n, a.length);
  A[] b = arrayOfSameType(a, a.length-n);
  System.arraycopy(a, 0, b, 0, b.length);
  return b;
}

static <A> List<A> dropLast(List<A> l) {
  return subList(l, 0, l(l)-1);
}

static <A> List<A> dropLast(int n, List<A> l) {
  return subList(l, 0, l(l)-n);
}

static <A> List<A> dropLast(Iterable<A> l) {
  return dropLast(asList(l));
}

static String dropLast(String s) {
  return substring(s, 0, l(s)-1);
}

static String dropLast(String s, int n) {
  return substring(s, 0, l(s)-n);
}

static String dropLast(int n, String s) {
  return dropLast(s, n);
}


static Comparator<String> caseInsensitiveComparator() {
  
  
  return betterCIComparator();
  
}

static int toInt(Object o) {
  if (o == null) return 0;
  if (o instanceof Number)
    return ((Number) o).intValue();
  if (o instanceof String)
    return parseInt(((String) o));
  if (o instanceof Boolean)
    return boolToInt(((Boolean) o));
  throw fail("woot not int: " + getClassName(o));
}

static int toInt(long l) {
  if (l != (int) l) throw fail("Too large for int: " + l);
  return (int) l;
}

static int charDiff(char a, char b) {
  return (int) a-(int) b;
}

static int charDiff(String a, char b) {
  return charDiff(stringToChar(a), b);
}

static boolean isIdentifier(String s) {
  return isJavaIdentifier(s);
}

static String[] drop(int n, String[] a) {
  n = Math.min(n, a.length);
  String[] b = new String[a.length-n];
  System.arraycopy(a, n, b, 0, b.length);
  return b;
}

static Object[] drop(int n, Object[] a) {
  n = Math.min(n, a.length);
  Object[] b = new Object[a.length-n];
  System.arraycopy(a, n, b, 0, b.length);
  return b;
}

static <A> ArrayList<A> toList(A[] a) { return asList(a); }
static ArrayList<Integer> toList(int[] a) { return asList(a); }
static <A> ArrayList<A> toList(Set<A> s) { return asList(s); }
static <A> ArrayList<A> toList(Iterable<A> s) { return asList(s); }

static String trim(String s) { return s == null ? null : s.trim(); }
static String trim(StringBuilder buf) { return buf.toString().trim(); }
static String trim(StringBuffer buf) { return buf.toString().trim(); }

static boolean isLetter(char c) {
  return Character.isLetter(c);
}

static <A> A last(List<A> l) {
  return empty(l) ? null : l.get(l.size()-1);
}

static char last(String s) {
  return empty(s) ? '#' : s.charAt(l(s)-1);
}

static int last(int[] a) {
  return l(a) != 0 ? a[l(a)-1] : 0;
}

static double last(double[] a) {
  return l(a) != 0 ? a[l(a)-1] : 0;
}

static <A> A last(A[] a) {
  return l(a) != 0 ? a[l(a)-1] : null;
}

static <A> A last(Iterator<A> it) {
  A a = null;
  while  (it.hasNext()) { ping(); a = it.next(); }
  return a;
}

static <A> A last(Collection<A> l) {
  if (l == null) return null;
  if (l instanceof List) return (A) last(((List) l));
  if (l instanceof SortedSet) return (A) last(((SortedSet) l));
  Iterator<A> it = iterator(l);
  A a = null;
  while  (it.hasNext()) { ping(); a = it.next(); }
  return a;
}

static <A> A last(SortedSet<A> l) {
  return l == null ? null : l.last();
}







static String beautifyStructure(String s) {
  List<String> tok = javaTokForStructure(s);
  structure_addTokenMarkers(tok);
  jreplace(tok, "lhm", "");
  return join(tok);
}

static String struct_noStringSharing(Object o) {
  structure_Data d = new structure_Data();
  d.noStringSharing = true;
  return structure(o, d);
}

static <A, B> LinkedHashMap<A, B> asLinkedHashMap(Map<A, B> map) {
  if (map instanceof LinkedHashMap) return (LinkedHashMap) map;
  LinkedHashMap<A, B> m = new LinkedHashMap();
  if (map != null) synchronized(collectionMutex(map)) {
    m.putAll(map);
  }
  return m;
}

static void setOpt_raw(Object o, String field, Object value) { try {
  if (o == null) return;
  if (o instanceof Class) setOpt_raw((Class) o, field, value);
  else {
    Field f = setOpt_raw_findField(o.getClass(), field);
    if (f != null) {
      makeAccessible(f);
      smartSet(f, o, value);
    }
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static void setOpt_raw(Class c, String field, Object value) { try {
  if (c == null) return;
  Field f = setOpt_raw_findStaticField(c, field);
  if (f != null) {
    makeAccessible(f);
    smartSet(f, null, value);
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
static Field setOpt_raw_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & java.lang.reflect.Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return null;
}

static Field setOpt_raw_findField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field))
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return null;
}

static <A extends DynamicObject> A setDyn(A o, String key, Object value) {
  if (o == null) return o;
  setDynObjectValue(o, key, value);
  return o;
}

static String baseClassName(String className) {
  return substring(className, className.lastIndexOf('.')+1);
}

static String baseClassName(Object o) {
  return baseClassName(getClassName(o));
}

static String prependIfNempty(String prefix, String s) {
  return empty(s) ? unnull(s) : prefix + s;
}

static <A extends Throwable> A printStackTrace(A e) {
  // we go to system.out now - system.err is nonsense
  print(getStackTrace(e));
  return e;
}

static void printStackTrace() {
  printStackTrace(new Throwable());
}

static void printStackTrace(String msg) {
  printStackTrace(new Throwable(msg));
}

static void printStackTrace(String msg, Throwable e) {
  printStackTrace(new Throwable(msg, e));
}

static Object[] toArray(Collection c) {
  return toObjectArray(c);
}

static <A> A[] toArray(Iterable<A> c, Class<A> type) {
  A[] a = arrayOfType(l(c), type);
  if (a.length == 0) return a;
  asList(c).toArray(a);
  return a;
}

// array must have correct length and will be filled
static <A> A[] toArray(A[] array, Collection c) {
  if (array == null || c == null) return null;
  asList(c).toArray(array);
  return array;
}

static void upgradeJavaXAndRestart() {
  
    run("#1001639");
    restart();
    sleep();
  
  
}

static Object callOpt(Object o) {
  return callF(o);
}

static <A> A callOpt(Object o, String method, Object... args) {
  return (A) callOpt_withVarargs(o, method, args);
}

static boolean reflection_isForbiddenMethod(Method m) {
  return m.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class
    && eqOneOf(m.getName(), "finalize", "clone", "registerNatives");
}

static TreeSet<String> caseInsensitiveSet_treeSet() {
  return new TreeSet(caseInsensitiveComparator());
}

static TreeSet<String> caseInsensitiveSet_treeSet(Collection<String> c) {
  return toCaseInsensitiveSet_treeSet(c);
}

static boolean regionMatches(String a, int offsetA, String b, int offsetB, int len) {
  return a != null && b != null && a.regionMatches(offsetA, b, offsetB, len);
}

static boolean regionMatches(String a, int offsetA, String b) {
  return regionMatches(a, offsetA, b, 0, l(b));
}

static String javaTok_substringN(String s, int i, int j) {
  if (i == j) return "";
  if (j == i+1 && s.charAt(i) == ' ') return " ";
  return s.substring(i, j);
}

static List<String> javaTokWithExisting(String s, List<String> existing) {
  ++javaTok_n;
  int nExisting = javaTok_opt && existing != null ? existing.size() : 0;
  ArrayList<String> tok = existing != null ? new ArrayList(nExisting) : new ArrayList();
  int l = s.length();
  
  int i = 0, n = 0;
  while (i < l) {
    int j = i;
    char c, d;
    
    // scan for whitespace
    while (j < l) {
      c = s.charAt(j);
      d = j+1 >= l ? '\0' : s.charAt(j+1);
      if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
        ++j;
      else if (c == '/' && d == '*') {
        do ++j; while (j < l && !s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l)).equals("*/"));
        j = Math.min(j+2, l);
      } else if (c == '/' && d == '/') {
        do ++j; while (j < l && "\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) < 0);
      } else
        break;
    }
    
    if (n < nExisting && javaTokWithExisting_isCopyable(existing.get(n), s, i, j))
      tok.add(existing.get(n));
    else
      tok.add(javaTok_substringN(s, i, j));
    ++n;
    i = j;
    if (i >= l) break;
    c = s.charAt(i);
    d = i+1 >= l ? '\0' : s.charAt(i+1);

    // scan for non-whitespace
    
    // Special JavaX syntax: 'identifier
    if (c == '\'' && Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(d) && i+2 < l && "'\\".indexOf(s.charAt(i+2)) < 0) {
      j += 2;
      while (j < l && Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)))
        ++j;
    } else if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
      char opener = c;
      ++j;
      while (j < l) {
        if (s.charAt(j) == opener /*|| s.charAt(j) == '\n'*/) { // allow multi-line strings
          ++j;
          break;
        } else if (s.charAt(j) == '\\' && j+1 < l)
          j += 2;
        else
          ++j;
      }
    } else if (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && (Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)) || "'".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) >= 0)); // for stuff like "don't"
    else if (Character.isDigit(c)) {
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
      if (j < l && s.charAt(j) == 'L') ++j; // Long constants like 1L
    } else if (c == '[' && d == '[') {
      do ++j; while (j+1 < l && !s.substring(j, j+2).equals("]]"));
      j = Math.min(j+2, l);
    } else if (c == '[' && d == '=' && i+2 < l && s.charAt(i+2) == '[') {
      do ++j; while (j+2 < l && !s.substring(j, j+3).equals("]=]"));
      j = Math.min(j+3, l);
    } else
      ++j;
      
    if (n < nExisting && javaTokWithExisting_isCopyable(existing.get(n), s, i, j))
      tok.add(existing.get(n));
    else
      tok.add(javaTok_substringC(s, i, j));
    ++n;
    i = j;
  }
  
  if ((tok.size() % 2) == 0) tok.add("");
  javaTok_elements += tok.size();
  return tok;
}

static boolean javaTokWithExisting_isCopyable(String t, String s, int i, int j) {
  return t.length() == j-i
    && s.regionMatches(i, t, 0, j-i); // << could be left out, but that's brave
}

static boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String a, String b) {
  return eqic(a, b);
}

static boolean equalsIgnoreCase(char a, char b) {
  return eqic(a, b);
}

static int boostHashCombine(int a, int b) {
  return a ^ (b + 0x9e3779b9 + (a << 6) + (a >> 2));
}

static int hashCode(Object a) {
  return a == null ? 0 : a.hashCode();
}

static <A> A set(A o, String field, Object value) {
  if (o == null) return null;
  if (o instanceof Class) set((Class) o, field, value);
  else try {
    Field f = set_findField(o.getClass(), field);
    makeAccessible(f);
    smartSet(f, o, value);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
  return o;
}

static void set(Class c, String field, Object value) {
  if (c == null) return;
  try {
    Field f = set_findStaticField(c, field);
    makeAccessible(f);
    smartSet(f, null, value);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}
  
static Field set_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & java.lang.reflect.Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  throw new RuntimeException("Static field '" + field + "' not found in " + c.getName());
}

static Field set_findField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field))
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  throw new RuntimeException("Field '" + field + "' not found in " + c.getName());
}

static void failIfOddCount(Object... list) {
  if (odd(l(list)))
    throw fail("Odd list size: " + list);
}

static int imageIcon_cacheSize = 10;
static boolean imageIcon_verbose = false;
static Map<String, ImageIcon> imageIcon_cache;
static Lock imageIcon_lock = lock();
static ThreadLocal<Boolean> imageIcon_fixGIF = new ThreadLocal();

// not going through BufferedImage preserves animations
static ImageIcon imageIcon(String imageID) { try {
  if (imageID == null) return null;
  Lock __0 = imageIcon_lock; lock(__0); try {
  if (imageIcon_cache == null)
    imageIcon_cache = new MRUCache(imageIcon_cacheSize);
  imageID = fsI(imageID);
  ImageIcon ii = imageIcon_cache.get(imageID);
  if (ii == null) {
    if (imageIcon_verbose) print("Loading image icon: " + imageID);
    File f = loadBinarySnippet(imageID);
    
      Boolean b = imageIcon_fixGIF.get();
      if (!isFalse(b))
        ii = new ImageIcon(loadBufferedImageFixingGIFs(f));
      else
    
    ii = new ImageIcon(f.toURI().toURL());
  } else
    imageIcon_cache.remove(imageID); // move to front of cache on access
  imageIcon_cache.put(imageID, ii);
  return ii;
} finally { unlock(__0); } } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

// doesn't fix GIFs
static ImageIcon imageIcon(File f) { try {
  return new ImageIcon(f.toURI().toURL());
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static ImageIcon imageIcon(Image img) {
  return new ImageIcon(img);
}



static void swingAndWait(Runnable r) { try {
  if (isAWTThread())
    r.run();
  else
    EventQueue.invokeAndWait(addThreadInfoToRunnable(r));
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Object swingAndWait(final Object f) {
  if (isAWTThread())
    return callF(f);
  else {
    final Var result = new Var();
    swingAndWait(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
      result.set(callF(f));
    
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "result.set(callF(f));"; }});
    return result.get();
  }
}

static JWindow showInTopRightCorner(Component c) {
  return swing(() -> {
    JWindow w = new JWindow();
    w.add(c);
    w.pack();
    moveToTopRightCorner(w);
    w.setVisible(true);
    return w;
  });
}

static <A extends JComponent> A onClick(final A c, final Object runnable) {
  if (c != null) { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    c.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
      public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
        callF(runnable, e);
      }
    });
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "c.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter {\r\n      public void mouseClicked(MouseEv..."; }}); }
  return c;
}

// re-interpreted for buttons
static void onClick(JButton btn, final Object runnable) {
  onEnter(btn, runnable);
}

static <A extends Window> A disposeWindowAfter(int delay, final A w) {
  if (w != null)
    swingLater(delay, new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
      w.dispose();
    
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "w.dispose();"; }});
  return w;
}

static <A extends Window> A disposeWindowAfter(A w, double seconds) {
  return disposeWindowAfter(toMS_int(seconds), w);
}

static <A extends Window> A disposeWindowAfter(double seconds, A w) {
  return disposeWindowAfter(w, seconds);
}

static int iround(double d) {
  return (int) Math.round(d);
}

static int iround(Number n) {
  return iround(toDouble(n));
}

static Object sleepQuietly_monitor = new Object();

static void sleepQuietly() { try {
  assertFalse(isAWTThread());
  synchronized(sleepQuietly_monitor) { sleepQuietly_monitor.wait(); }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static String roundBracket(String s) {
  return "(" + s + ")";
}

static boolean domainIsUnder(String domain, String mainDomain) {
  return eqic(domain, mainDomain) || ewic(domain, "." + mainDomain);
}

static String theAGIBlueDomain() {
  return "agi.blue";
}



static void clear(Collection c) {
  if (c != null) c.clear();
}

static void clear(Map map) {
  if (map != null) map.clear();
}

static <A, B> void put(Map<A, B> map, A a, B b) {
  if (map != null) map.put(a, b);
}

static <A> void put(List<A> l, int i, A a) {
  if (l != null && i >= 0 && i < l(l)) l.set(i, a);
}

static <A, B> B mapGet2(Map<A, B> map, A a) {
  return map == null ? null : map.get(a);
}

static <A, B> B mapGet2(A a, Map<A, B> map) {
  return map == null ? null : map.get(a);
}

static boolean isSubtypeOf(Class a, Class b) {
  return b.isAssignableFrom(a); // << always hated that method, let's replace it!
}

static Set<String> reflection_classesNotToScan_value = litset(
  "jdk.internal.loader.URLClassPath"
);

static Set<String> reflection_classesNotToScan() {
  return reflection_classesNotToScan_value;
}

static <A> A setThreadLocal(ThreadLocal<A> tl, A value) {
  if (tl == null) return null;
  A old = tl.get();
  tl.set(value);
  return old;
}

  public static boolean isSnippetID(String s) {
    try {
      parseSnippetID(s);
      return true;
    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
      return false;
    }
  }

public static long parseSnippetID(String snippetID) {
  long id = Long.parseLong(shortenSnippetID(snippetID));
  if (id == 0) throw fail("0 is not a snippet ID");
  return id;
}

static <A, B> void multiMapPut(Map<A, List<B>> map, A a, B b) {
  List<B> l = map.get(a);
  if (l == null)
    map.put(a, l = new ArrayList());
  l.add(b);
}



static boolean methodIsStatic(Method m) {
  return (m.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0;
}

static boolean argumentCompatibleWithType(Object arg, Class type) {
  return arg == null ? !type.isPrimitive() : isInstanceX(type, arg);
}

static void arraycopy(Object[] a, Object[] b) {
  if (a != null && b != null)
    arraycopy(a, 0, b, 0, Math.min(a.length, b.length));
}

static void arraycopy(Object src, int srcPos, Object dest, int destPos, int n) {
  if (n != 0)
    System.arraycopy(src, srcPos, dest, destPos, n);
}

static <A> A[] arrayOfType(Class<A> type, int n) {
  return makeArray(type, n);
}

static <A> A[] arrayOfType(int n, Class<A> type) {
  return arrayOfType(type, n);
}

static <A> List<A> newSubList(List<A> l, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
  return cloneList(subList(l, startIndex, endIndex));
}

static <A> List<A> newSubList(List<A> l, int startIndex) {
  return cloneList(subList(l, startIndex));
}

static volatile boolean licensed_yes = true;

static boolean licensed() {
  if (!licensed_yes) return false;
  ping_okInCleanUp();
  return true;
}

static void licensed_off() {
  licensed_yes = false;
}

static Object pcallFunction(Object f, Object... args) {
  try { return callFunction(f, args); } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }
  return null;
}

static <A> Set<A> syncIdentityHashSet() {
  return (Set) synchronizedSet(identityHashSet());
}

static Map syncHashMap() {
  return synchroHashMap();
}

static <A> A[] arrayOfSameType(A[] a, int n) {
  return newObjectArrayOfSameType(a, n);
}

static betterCIComparator_C betterCIComparator_instance;

static betterCIComparator_C betterCIComparator() {
  if (betterCIComparator_instance == null)
    betterCIComparator_instance = new betterCIComparator_C();
  return betterCIComparator_instance;
}

final static class betterCIComparator_C implements Comparator<String> {
  public int compare(String s1, String s2) {
    if (s1 == null) return s2 == null ? 0 : -1;
    if (s2 == null) return 1;
  
    int n1 = s1.length();
    int n2 = s2.length();
    int min = Math.min(n1, n2);
    for (int i = 0; i < min; i++) {
        char c1 = s1.charAt(i);
        char c2 = s2.charAt(i);
        if (c1 != c2) {
            c1 = Character.toUpperCase(c1);
            c2 = Character.toUpperCase(c2);
            if (c1 != c2) {
                c1 = Character.toLowerCase(c1);
                c2 = Character.toLowerCase(c2);
                if (c1 != c2) {
                    // No overflow because of numeric promotion
                    return c1 - c2;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return n1 - n2;
  }
}

static int boolToInt(boolean b) {
  return b ? 1 : 0;
}

static char stringToChar(String s) {
  if (l(s) != 1) throw fail("bad stringToChar: " + s);
  return firstChar(s);
}

static <A> Iterator<A> iterator(Iterable<A> c) {
  return c == null ? emptyIterator() : c.iterator();
}

static List<String> javaTokForStructure(String s) {
  return javaTok_noMLS(s);
}

static String structure_addTokenMarkers(String s) {
  return join(structure_addTokenMarkers(javaTokForStructure(s)));
}
  
static List<String> structure_addTokenMarkers(List<String> tok) {
  // find references
  
  TreeSet<Integer> refs = new TreeSet();
  for (int i = 1; i < l(tok); i += 2) {
    String t = tok.get(i);
    if (t.startsWith("t") && isInteger(t.substring(1)))
      refs.add(parseInt(t.substring(1)));
  }
  
  if (empty(refs)) return tok;
  
  // add markers
  for (int i : refs) {
    int idx = i*2+1;
    if (idx >= l(tok)) continue; // broken structure
    String t = "";
    if (endsWithLetterOrDigit(tok.get(idx-1))) t = " ";
    tok.set(idx, t + "m" + i + " " + tok.get(idx));
  }
  
  return tok;
}



static String jreplace(String s, String in, String out) {
  return jreplace(s, in, out, null);
}

static String jreplace(String s, String in, String out, Object condition) {
  List<String> tok = javaTok(s);
  return jreplace(tok, in, out, condition) ? join(tok) : s;
}

// leaves tok properly tokenized
// returns true iff anything was replaced
static boolean jreplace(List<String> tok, String in, String out) {
  return jreplace(tok, in, out, false, true, null);
}

static boolean jreplace(List<String> tok, String in, String out, Object condition) {
  return jreplace(tok, in, out, false, true, condition);
}

static boolean jreplace(List<String> tok, String in, String out, IF2<List<String>, Integer, Boolean> condition) {
  return jreplace(tok, in, out, (Object) condition);
}

static boolean jreplace(List<String> tok, String in, String out, boolean ignoreCase, boolean reTok, Object condition) {
  String[] toks = javaTokForJFind_array(in);
  int lTokin = toks.length*2+1;

  boolean anyChange = false;
  int i = -1;
  for (int n = 0; n < 10000; n++) { // TODO: don't need this check anymore
    i = findCodeTokens(tok, i+1, ignoreCase, toks, condition);
    if (i < 0)
      return anyChange;
    List<String> subList = tok.subList(i-1, i+lTokin-1); // N to N
    String expansion = jreplaceExpandRefs(out, subList);
    int end = i+lTokin-2;
    
    clearAllTokens(tok, i, end); // C to C
    tok.set(i, expansion);
    if (reTok) // would this ever be false??
      reTok(tok, i, end);
    i = end;
    anyChange = true;
  }
  throw fail("woot? 10000! " + quote(in) + " => " + quote(out));
}

static boolean jreplace_debug = false;

static Object[] toObjectArray(Collection c) {
  List l = asList(c);
  return l.toArray(new Object[l.size()]);
}


static Class run(String progID, String... args) {
  Class main = hotwire(progID);
  callMain(main, args);
  return main;
}

static void restart() {
  Object j = getJavaX();
  call(j, "cleanRestart", get(j, "fullArgs"));
}

static Object callOpt_withVarargs(Object o, String method, Object... args) { try {
  if (o == null) return null;
  
  if (o instanceof Class) {
    Class c = (Class) o;
    _MethodCache cache = callOpt_getCache(c);
    
    Method me = cache.findMethod(method, args);
    if (me == null) {
      // TODO: varargs
      return null;
    }
    if ((me.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0)
      return null;
    return invokeMethod(me, null, args);
  } else {
    Class c = o.getClass();
    _MethodCache cache = callOpt_getCache(c);

    Method me = cache.findMethod(method, args);
    if (me != null)
      return invokeMethod(me, o, args);
      
    // try varargs
    List<Method> methods = cache.cache.get(method);
    if (methods != null) methodSearch: for (Method m : methods) {
      { if (!(m.isVarArgs())) continue; }
      Object[] newArgs = massageArgsForVarArgsCall(m, args);
      if (newArgs != null)
        return invokeMethod(m, o, newArgs);
    }
    
    return null;
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static TreeSet<String> toCaseInsensitiveSet_treeSet(Iterable<String> c) {
  if (isCISet(c)) return (TreeSet) c;
  TreeSet<String> set = caseInsensitiveSet_treeSet();
  addAll(set, c);
  return set;
}

static TreeSet<String> toCaseInsensitiveSet_treeSet(String... x) {
  TreeSet<String> set = caseInsensitiveSet_treeSet();
  addAll(set, x);
  return set;
}

static boolean eqic(String a, String b) {
  
  
    if ((a == null) != (b == null)) return false;
    if (a == null) return true;
    return a.equalsIgnoreCase(b);
  
}



static boolean eqic(char a, char b) {
  if (a == b) return true;
  
    char u1 = Character.toUpperCase(a);
    char u2 = Character.toUpperCase(b);
    if (u1 == u2) return true;
  
  return Character.toLowerCase(u1) == Character.toLowerCase(u2);
}

static void lock(Lock lock) { try {
  ping();
  if (lock == null) return;
  try {
    lock.lockInterruptibly();
  } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    Object reason = vm_threadInterruptionReasonsMap().get(currentThread());
    print("Locking interrupted! Reason: " + strOr(reason, "Unknown"));
    printStackTrace(e);
    rethrow(e);
  }
  // NO call to ping here! Make sure lock is always released.
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static void lock(Lock lock, String msg) {
  print("Locking: " + msg);
  lock(lock);
}

static void lock(Lock lock, String msg, long timeout) {
  print("Locking: " + msg);
  lockOrFail(lock, timeout);
}

static ReentrantLock lock() {
  return fairLock();
}

static String fsI(String id) {
  return formatSnippetID(id);
}

static String fsI(long id) {
  return formatSnippetID(id);
}

static File loadBinarySnippet(String snippetID) {
  
  IResourceLoader rl = vm_getResourceLoader();
  if (rl != null)
    return rl.loadLibrary(snippetID);
  
  
  return loadBinarySnippet_noResourceLoader(snippetID);
}
  
static File loadBinarySnippet_noResourceLoader(String snippetID) { try {
  long id = parseSnippetID(snippetID);
  if (isImageServerSnippet(id)) return loadImageAsFile(snippetID);
  File f = DiskSnippetCache_getLibrary(id);
  if (fileSize(f) == 0)
    f = loadDataSnippetToFile_noResourceLoader(snippetID);
  return f;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }






static boolean loadBufferedImageFixingGIFs_debug = false;
static ThreadLocal<Var<byte[]>> loadBufferedImageFixingGIFs_output = new ThreadLocal();

static Image loadBufferedImageFixingGIFs(File file) { try {
  if (!file.exists()) return null;

  // Load anything but GIF the normal way
  if (!isGIF(file))
    return ImageIO.read(file);
    
  if (loadBufferedImageFixingGIFs_debug) print("loadBufferedImageFixingGIFs" + ": checking gif");

  // Get GIF reader
  ImageReader reader = ImageIO.getImageReadersByFormatName("gif").next();
  // Give it the stream to decode from
  reader.setInput(ImageIO.createImageInputStream(file));

  int numImages = reader.getNumImages(true);

  // Get 'metaFormatName'. Need first frame for that.
  IIOMetadata imageMetaData = reader.getImageMetadata(0);
  String metaFormatName = imageMetaData.getNativeMetadataFormatName();

  // Find out if GIF is bugged
  boolean foundBug = false;
  for (int i = 0; i < numImages && !foundBug; i++) {
      // Get metadata
      IIOMetadataNode root = (IIOMetadataNode)reader.getImageMetadata(i).getAsTree(metaFormatName);

      // Find GraphicControlExtension node
      int nNodes = root.getLength();
      for (int j = 0; j < nNodes; j++) {
          org.w3c.dom.Node node = root.item(j);
          if (node.getNodeName().equalsIgnoreCase("GraphicControlExtension")) {
              // Get delay value
              String delay = ((IIOMetadataNode)node).getAttribute("delayTime");

              // Check if delay is bugged
              if (Integer.parseInt(delay) == 0) {
                  foundBug = true;
              }

              break;
          }
      }
  }

  if (loadBufferedImageFixingGIFs_debug) print("loadBufferedImageFixingGIFs" + ": " + f2s(file) + " foundBug=" + foundBug);
  
  // Load non-bugged GIF the normal way
  Image image;
  if (!foundBug) {
    image = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage(f2s(file));
  } else {
    // Prepare streams for image encoding
    ByteArrayOutputStream baoStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    {
       ImageOutputStream ios = ImageIO.createImageOutputStream(baoStream); try {
      // Get GIF writer that's compatible with reader
      ImageWriter writer = ImageIO.getImageWriter(reader);
      // Give it the stream to encode to
      writer.setOutput(ios);

      writer.prepareWriteSequence(null);

      for (int i = 0; i < numImages; i++) {
          // Get input image
          BufferedImage frameIn = reader.read(i);

          // Get input metadata
          IIOMetadataNode root = (IIOMetadataNode)reader.getImageMetadata(i).getAsTree(metaFormatName);

          // Find GraphicControlExtension node
          int nNodes = root.getLength();
          for (int j = 0; j < nNodes; j++) {
              org.w3c.dom.Node node = root.item(j);
              if (node.getNodeName().equalsIgnoreCase("GraphicControlExtension")) {
                  // Get delay value
                  String delay = ((IIOMetadataNode)node).getAttribute("delayTime");

                  // Check if delay is bugged
                  if (Integer.parseInt(delay) == 0) {
                      // Overwrite with a valid delay value
                      ((IIOMetadataNode)node).setAttribute("delayTime", "10");
                  }

                  break;
              }
          }

          // Create output metadata
          IIOMetadata metadata = writer.getDefaultImageMetadata(new ImageTypeSpecifier(frameIn), null);
          // Copy metadata to output metadata
          metadata.setFromTree(metadata.getNativeMetadataFormatName(), root);

          // Create output image
          IIOImage frameOut = new IIOImage(frameIn, null, metadata);

          // Encode output image
          writer.writeToSequence(frameOut, writer.getDefaultWriteParam());
      }

      writer.endWriteSequence();
    } finally { _close(ios); }}

    // Create image using encoded data
    byte[] data = baoStream.toByteArray();
    setVar(loadBufferedImageFixingGIFs_output.get(), data);
    if (loadBufferedImageFixingGIFs_debug) print("Data size: " + l(data));
    image = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage(data);
  }

  return image;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }



static void unlock(Lock lock, String msg) {
  if (lock == null) return;
  lock.unlock();
  print("Unlocked: " + msg); // print afterwards to make sure the lock is always unlocked
}

static void unlock(Lock lock) {
  if (lock == null) return;
  lock.unlock();
}

static Runnable addThreadInfoToRunnable(final Object r) {
  final Object info = _threadInfo();
  return info == null ? asRunnable(r) : new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  _inheritThreadInfo(info); callF(r); 
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "_inheritThreadInfo(info); callF(r);"; }};
}

static Object swing(Object f) {
  return swingAndWait(f);
}

static <A> A swing(F0<A> f) {
  return (A) swingAndWait(f);
}

static <A> A swing(IF0<A> f) {
  return (A) swingAndWait(f);
}

static int moveToTopRightCorner_inset = 20;

static <A extends Component> A moveToTopRightCorner(A a) {
  return moveToTopRightCorner(moveToTopRightCorner_inset, moveToTopRightCorner_inset, a);
}

static <A extends Component> A moveToTopRightCorner(int insetX, int insetY, A a) {
  Window w = getWindow(a);
  if (w != null)
    w.setLocation(getScreenSize().width-w.getWidth()-insetX, insetY);
  return a;
}


static JTextField onEnter(final JTextField tf, final Object action) {
  if (action == null || tf == null) return tf;
  tf.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent _evt) { try {
    tf.selectAll();
    callF(action);
  } catch (Throwable __e) { messageBox(__e); }}});
  return tf;
}

static JButton onEnter(JButton btn, final Object action) {
  if (action == null || btn == null) return btn;
  btn.addActionListener(actionListener(action));
  return btn;
}

static JList onEnter(JList list, Object action) {
  list.addKeyListener(enterKeyListener(rCallOnSelectedListItem(list, action)));
  return list;
}

static JComboBox onEnter(final JComboBox cb, final Object action) {
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    if (cb.isEditable()) {
      JTextField text = (JTextField) cb.getEditor().getEditorComponent();
      onEnter(text, action);
    } else {
      cb.getInputMap().put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ENTER"), "enter");
      cb.getActionMap().put("enter", abstractAction("", new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  cb.hidePopup(); callF(action); 
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "cb.hidePopup(); callF(action);"; }}));
    }
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (cb.isEditable()) {\r\n      JTextField text = (JTextField) cb.getEditor().g..."; }}); }
  return cb;
}

static JTable onEnter(final JTable table, final Object action) {  
  table.getInputMap(JComponent.WHEN_ANCESTOR_OF_FOCUSED_COMPONENT)
    .put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER, 0), "Enter");
    
  table.getActionMap().put("Enter", new AbstractAction() {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      callF(action, table.getSelectedRow());
    }
  });
  return table;
}

/*static JTextArea onEnter(final JTextArea ta, fO action) {
  addKeyListener(ta, enterKeyListener(action));
  ret ta;
}*/

static JTextField onEnter(Object action, JTextField tf) {
  return onEnter(tf, action);
}

static void swingLater(long delay, final Object r) {
  javax.swing.Timer timer = new javax.swing.Timer(toInt(delay), actionListener(wrapAsActivity(r)));
  timer.setRepeats(false);
  timer.start();
}

static void swingLater(Object r) {
  SwingUtilities.invokeLater(toRunnable(r));
}


static int toMS_int(double seconds) {
  return toInt_checked((long) (seconds*1000));
}

static double toDouble(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof Number)
    return ((Number) o).doubleValue();
  if (o instanceof BigInteger)
    return ((BigInteger) o).doubleValue();
  if (o instanceof String)
    return parseDouble(((String) o));
  if (o == null) return 0.0;
  throw fail(o);
}

static void assertFalse(Object o) {
  if (!(eq(o, false) /*|| isFalse(pcallF(o))*/))
    throw fail(str(o));
}
  
static boolean assertFalse(boolean b) {
  if (b) throw fail("oops");
  return b;
}

static boolean assertFalse(String msg, boolean b) {
  if (b) throw fail(msg);
  return b;
}


static boolean ewic(String a, String b) {
  return endsWithIgnoreCase(a, b);
}


static boolean ewic(String a, String b, Matches m) {
  return endsWithIgnoreCase(a, b, m);
}




static <A> HashSet<A> litset(A... items) {
  return lithashset(items);
}

static String shortenSnippetID(String snippetID) {
  if (snippetID.startsWith("#"))
    snippetID = snippetID.substring(1);
  String httpBlaBla = "http://tinybrain.de/";
  if (snippetID.startsWith(httpBlaBla))
    snippetID = snippetID.substring(httpBlaBla.length());
  return "" + parseLong(snippetID);
}

static <A> A[] makeArray(Class<A> type, int n) {
  return (A[]) Array.newInstance(type, n);
}

static Object callFunction(Object f, Object... args) {
  return callF(f, args);
}

static <A> Set<A> synchronizedSet() {
  return synchroHashSet();
}

static <A> Set<A> synchronizedSet(Set<A> set) {
  return Collections.synchronizedSet(set);
}

static <A> Set<A> identityHashSet() {
  return Collections.newSetFromMap(new IdentityHashMap());
}

static <A> A[] newObjectArrayOfSameType(A[] a) { return newObjectArrayOfSameType(a, a.length); }
static <A> A[] newObjectArrayOfSameType(A[] a, int n) {
  return (A[]) Array.newInstance(a.getClass().getComponentType(), n);
}

static char firstChar(String s) {
  return s.charAt(0);
}

static List<String> javaTok_noMLS(String s) {
  ArrayList<String> tok = new ArrayList();
  int l = s == null ? 0 : s.length();
  
  int i = 0, n = 0;
  while (i < l) {
    int j = i;
    char c, d;
    
    // scan for whitespace
    while (j < l) {
      c = s.charAt(j);
      d = j+1 >= l ? '\0' : s.charAt(j+1);
      if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
        ++j;
      else if (c == '/' && d == '*') {
        do ++j; while (j < l && !s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l)).equals("*/"));
        j = Math.min(j+2, l);
      } else if (c == '/' && d == '/') {
        do ++j; while (j < l && "\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) < 0);
      } else
        break;
    }
    
    tok.add(javaTok_substringN(s, i, j));
    ++n;
    i = j;
    if (i >= l) break;
    c = s.charAt(i);
    d = i+1 >= l ? '\0' : s.charAt(i+1);

    // scan for non-whitespace
    
    if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
      char opener = c;
      ++j;
      while (j < l) {
        int c2 = s.charAt(j);
        if (c2 == opener || c2 == '\n' && opener == '\'') { // allow multi-line strings, but not for '
          ++j;
          break;
        } else if (c2 == '\\' && j+1 < l)
          j += 2;
        else
          ++j;
      }
    } else if (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)));
    else if (Character.isDigit(c)) {
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
      if (j < l && s.charAt(j) == 'L') ++j; // Long constants like 1L
    } else
      ++j;
      
    tok.add(javaTok_substringC(s, i, j));
    ++n;
    i = j;
  }
  
  if ((tok.size() % 2) == 0) tok.add("");
  return tok;
}





  static Map<String, String[]> javaTokForJFind_array_cache = synchronizedMRUCache(1000);


static String[] javaTokForJFind_array(String s) {
  String[] tok = javaTokForJFind_array_cache.get(s);
  if (tok == null)
    javaTokForJFind_array_cache.put(s, tok = codeTokensAsStringArray(jfind_preprocess(javaTok(s))));
  return tok;
}



static int findCodeTokens(List<String> tok, String... tokens) {
  return findCodeTokens(tok, 1, false, tokens);
}

static int findCodeTokens(List<String> tok, boolean ignoreCase, String... tokens) {
  return findCodeTokens(tok, 1, ignoreCase, tokens);
}

static int findCodeTokens(List<String> tok, int startIdx, boolean ignoreCase, String... tokens) {
  return findCodeTokens(tok, startIdx, ignoreCase, tokens, null);
}

static HashSet<String> findCodeTokens_specials = lithashset("*", "<quoted>", "<id>", "<int>", "\\*");
static int findCodeTokens_bails, findCodeTokens_nonbails;

static interface findCodeTokens_Matcher {
  boolean get(String token);
}

static int findCodeTokens(List<String> tok, int startIdx, boolean ignoreCase, String[] tokens, Object condition) {
  int end = tok.size()-tokens.length*2+2, nTokens = tokens.length;
  int i = startIdx | 1;
  
  // bail out early if first token not found (works great with IndexedList)
  String firstToken = tokens[0];
  if (!ignoreCase && !findCodeTokens_specials.contains(firstToken)) {
    
    
    // quickly scan for first token
    while (i < end && !firstToken.equals(tok.get(i)))
      i += 2;
  }
  
  findCodeTokens_Matcher[] matchers = new findCodeTokens_Matcher[nTokens];
  for (int j = 0; j < nTokens; j++) {
    String p = tokens[j];
    findCodeTokens_Matcher matcher;
    if (p.equals("*"))
      matcher = t -> true;
    else if (p.equals("<quoted>"))
      matcher = t -> isQuoted(t);
    else if (p.equals("<id>"))
      matcher = t -> isIdentifier(t);
    else if (p.equals("<int>"))
      matcher = t -> isInteger(t);
    else if (p.equals("\\*"))
      matcher = t -> t.equals("*");
    else if (ignoreCase)
      matcher = t -> eqic(p, t);
    else
      matcher = t -> t.equals(p);
    matchers[j] = matcher;
  }
 
  outer: for (; i < end; i += 2) {
    for (int j = 0; j < nTokens; j++)
      if (!matchers[j].get(tok.get(i+j*2)))
        continue outer;

    if (condition == null || checkTokCondition(condition, tok, i-1)) // pass N index
      return i;
  }
  return -1;
}

// "$1" is first code token, "$2" second code token etc.
static String jreplaceExpandRefs(String s, List<String> tokref) {
  if (!contains(s, '$')) return s;
  List<String> tok = javaTok(s);
  for (int i = 1; i < l(tok); i += 2) {
    String t = tok.get(i);
    if (t.startsWith("$") && isInteger(t.substring(1))) {
      String x = tokref.get(-1+parseInt(t.substring(1))*2);
      tok.set(i, x);
    } else if (t.equals("\\")) {
      tok.set(i, "");
      i += 2;
    }
  }
  return join(tok);
}


  static void clearAllTokens(List<String> tok) {
    for (int i = 0; i < tok.size(); i++)
      tok.set(i, "");
  }
  
  static void clearAllTokens(List<String> tok, int i, int j) {
    for (; i < j; i++)
      tok.set(i, "");
  }

static List<String> reTok(List<String> tok) {
  replaceCollection(tok, javaTok(tok));
  return tok;
}

static List<String> reTok(List<String> tok, int i) {
  return reTok(tok, i, i+1);
}

static List<String> reTok(List<String> tok, int i, int j) {
  // extend i to an "N" token
  // and j to "C" (so j-1 is an "N" token)
  i = max(i & ~1, 0);
  j = min(l(tok), j | 1);
  if (i >= j) return tok;
  
  List<String> t = javaTok(joinSubList(tok, i, j));
  replaceListPart(tok, i, j, t);
  
  // fallback to safety
  // reTok(tok);
  
  return tok;
}



static Class<?> hotwire(String src) {
  assertFalse(_inCore());
  Class j = getJavaX();
  if (isAndroid()) {
    synchronized(j) { // hopefully this goes well...
      List<File> libraries = new ArrayList<File>();
      File srcDir = (File) call(j, "transpileMain", src, libraries);
      if (srcDir == null)
        throw fail("transpileMain returned null (src=" + quote(src) + ")");
    
      Object androidContext = get(j, "androidContext");
      return (Class) call(j, "loadx2android", srcDir, src);
    }
  } else {
    
    
    Class c =  (Class) (call(j, "hotwire", src));
    hotwire_copyOver(c);
    return c;
    
  }
}

static <A> A callMain(A c, String... args) {
  callOpt(c, "main", new Object[] {args});
  return c;
}

static void callMain() {
  callMain(mc());
}

static boolean isCISet(Iterable<String> l) {
  return l instanceof TreeSet && ((TreeSet) l).comparator() == caseInsensitiveComparator();
}

static <A, B extends A> void addAll(Collection<A> c, Iterable<B> b) {
  if (c != null && b != null) for (A a : b) c.add(a);
}

static <A, B extends A> boolean addAll(Collection<A> c, Collection<B> b) {
  return c != null && b != null && c.addAll(b);
}

static <A, B extends A> boolean addAll(Collection<A> c, B... b) {
  return c != null && b != null && c.addAll(Arrays.asList(b));
}



static <A, B> Map<A, B> addAll(Map<A, B> a, Map<? extends A,? extends B> b) {
  if (a != null) a.putAll(b);
  return a;
}

static String asString(Object o) {
  return o == null ? null : o.toString();
}

static Map<Thread, Object> vm_threadInterruptionReasonsMap() {
  return vm_generalWeakSubMap("Thread interruption reasons");
}

static String strOr(Object o, String ifNull) {
  return o == null ? ifNull : str(o);
}

static void lockOrFail(Lock lock, long timeout) { try {
  ping();
  if (!lock.tryLock(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
    String s = "Couldn't acquire lock after " + timeout + " ms.";
    if (lock instanceof ReentrantLock) {
      ReentrantLock l =  (ReentrantLock) lock;
      s += " Hold count: " + l.getHoldCount() + ", owner: " + call(l, "getOwner");
    }
    throw fail(s);
  }
  ping();
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static ReentrantLock fairLock() {
  return new ReentrantLock(true);
}

static IResourceLoader vm_getResourceLoader() {
  return proxy(IResourceLoader.class, vm_generalMap_get("_officialResourceLoader"));
}

static boolean isImageServerSnippet(long id) {
  return id >= 1100000 && id < 1200000;
}


static File loadImageAsFile(String snippetIDOrURL) { try {
  if (isURL(snippetIDOrURL))
    throw fail("not implemented");

  if (!isSnippetID(snippetIDOrURL)) throw fail("Not a URL or snippet ID: " + snippetIDOrURL);
  String snippetID = "" + parseSnippetID(snippetIDOrURL);
  
  File file = imageSnippetCacheFile(snippetID);
  if (fileSize(file) > 0) return file;

  String imageURL = snippetImageURL_noHttps(snippetID);
  System.err.println("Loading image: " + imageURL);
  byte[] data = loadBinaryPage(imageURL);

  saveBinaryFile(file, data);
  return file;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }


// If you change this, also change DiskSnippetCache_fileToLibID
static File DiskSnippetCache_file(long snippetID) {
  return new File(getGlobalCache(), "data_" + snippetID + ".jar");
}
  
  // Data files are immutable, use centralized cache
public static File DiskSnippetCache_getLibrary(long snippetID) throws IOException {
  File file = DiskSnippetCache_file(snippetID);
  return file.exists() ? file : null;
}

public static void DiskSnippetCache_putLibrary(long snippetID, byte[] data) throws IOException {
  saveBinaryFile(DiskSnippetCache_file(snippetID), data);
}

static byte[] loadDataSnippetImpl(String snippetID) throws IOException {
  byte[] data;
  try {
    URL url = new URL(dataSnippetLink(snippetID));
    print("Loading library: " + hideCredentials(url));
    try {
      data = loadBinaryPage(url.openConnection());
    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
      data = null;
    }
    
    if (data == null || data.length == 0) {
      url = new URL(tb_mainServer() + "/blobs/" + parseSnippetID(snippetID));
      print("Loading library: " + hideCredentials(url));
      data = loadBinaryPage(url.openConnection());
    }
    print("Bytes loaded: " + data.length);
  } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
    throw new IOException("Binary snippet #" + snippetID + " not found or not public");
  }
  return data;
}

static long fileSize(String path) { return getFileSize(path); }
static long fileSize(File f) { return getFileSize(f); }


static File loadDataSnippetToFile(String snippetID) { try {
  
  IResourceLoader rl = vm_getResourceLoader();
  if (rl != null)
    return rl.loadLibrary(snippetID);
  
  
  return loadDataSnippetToFile_noResourceLoader(snippetID);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
static File loadDataSnippetToFile_noResourceLoader(String snippetID) { try {
  snippetID = fsI(snippetID);
  
  File f = DiskSnippetCache_file(parseSnippetID(snippetID));
  List<URL> urlsTried = new ArrayList();
  List<Throwable> errors = new ArrayList();
  try {
    URL url = addAndReturn(urlsTried, new URL(dataSnippetLink(snippetID)));
    print("Loading library: " + hideCredentials(url));
    try {
      loadBinaryPageToFile(openConnection(url), f);
      if (fileSize(f) == 0) throw fail();
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      errors.add(e);
      url = addAndReturn(urlsTried, new URL(tb_mainServer() + "/blobs/" + psI(snippetID)));
      print(e);
      print("Trying other server: " + hideCredentials(url));
      loadBinaryPageToFile(openConnection(url), f);
      print("Got bytes: " + fileSize(f));
    }
    // TODO: check if we hit the "LOADING" message
    if (fileSize(f) == 0) throw fail();
    System.err.println("Bytes loaded: " + fileSize(f));
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    //printStackTrace(e);
    errors.add(e);
    throw fail("Binary snippet " + snippetID + " not found or not public. URLs tried: " + allToString(urlsTried) + ", errors: " + allToString(errors));
  }
  return f;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static byte[] isGIF_magic = bytesFromHex("47494638"); // Actual signature is longer, but we're lazy

static boolean isGIF(byte[] data) {
  return byteArrayStartsWith(data, isGIF_magic);
}

static boolean isGIF(File f) {
  return isGIF(loadBeginningOfBinaryFile(f, l(isGIF_magic)));
}

static String f2s(File f) {
  return f == null ? null : f.getAbsolutePath();
}

static String f2s(String s) { return f2s(newFile(s)); }


 static String f2s(java.nio.file.Path p) {
  return p == null ? null : f2s(p.toFile());
}


static <A> void setVar(IVar<A> v, A value) {
  if (v != null) v.set(value);
}

static Runnable asRunnable(Object o) {
  return toRunnable(o);
}



static void _inheritThreadInfo(Object info) {
  _threadInheritInfo(info);
}

static Window getWindow(Object o) {
  if (!(o instanceof Component)) return null;
  Component c = (Component) o;
  while (c != null) {
    if (c instanceof Window) return (Window) c;
    c = c.getParent();
  }
  return null;
}

static Dimension getScreenSize() {
  return Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
}

static void messageBox(final String msg) {
  if (headless()) print(msg);
  else { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, msg, "JavaX", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, msg, \"JavaX\", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MES..."; }}); }
}

static void messageBox(Throwable e) {
  //showConsole();
  printStackTrace(e);
  messageBox(hideCredentials(innerException2(e)));
}

static ActionListener actionListener(final Object runnable) {
  return actionListener(runnable, null);
}

static ActionListener actionListener(final Object runnable, final Object instanceToHold) {
  if (runnable instanceof ActionListener) return (ActionListener) runnable;
  final Object info = _threadInfo();
  return new java.awt.event.ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent _evt) { try {
    _threadInheritInfo(info);
     AutoCloseable __1 = holdInstance(instanceToHold); try {
    callF(runnable);
  } finally { _close(__1); }} catch (Throwable __e) { messageBox(__e); }}};
}

static KeyListener enterKeyListener(final Object action) {
  return new KeyAdapter() {
    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent ke) {
      if (ke.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER)
        pcallF(action);
    }
  };
}

static Runnable rCallOnSelectedListItem(final JList list, final Object action) {
  return new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  pcallF(action, getSelectedItem(list)) ;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "pcallF(action, getSelectedItem(list))"; }};
}

static AbstractAction abstractAction(String name, final Object runnable) {
  return new AbstractAction(name) {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
      pcallF(runnable);
    }
  };
}

static int toInt_checked(long l) {
  if (l != (int) l) throw fail("Too large for int: " + l);
  return (int) l;
}

static boolean endsWithIgnoreCase(String a, String b) {
  int la = l(a), lb = l(b);
  return la >= lb && regionMatchesIC(a, la-lb, b, 0, lb);
}


static boolean endsWithIgnoreCase(String a, String b, Matches m) {
  if (!endsWithIgnoreCase(a, b)) return false;
  if (m != null)
    m.m = new String[] { substring(a, 0, l(a)-l(b)) };
  return true;
}




static boolean loadBufferedImage_useImageCache = true;

static BufferedImage loadBufferedImage(String snippetIDOrURLOrFile) { try {
  ping();
  if (snippetIDOrURLOrFile == null) return null;
  if (isURL(snippetIDOrURLOrFile))
    return imageIO_readURL(snippetIDOrURLOrFile);

  if (isAbsolutePath(snippetIDOrURLOrFile)) 
    return loadBufferedImage(new File(snippetIDOrURLOrFile));
  
  if (!isSnippetID(snippetIDOrURLOrFile))
    throw fail("Not a URL or snippet ID or file: " + snippetIDOrURLOrFile);
  String snippetID = "" + parseSnippetID(snippetIDOrURLOrFile);
  
  
  IResourceLoader rl = vm_getResourceLoader();
  if (rl != null)
    return loadBufferedImage(rl.loadLibrary(snippetID));
  
  
  File dir = imageSnippetsCacheDir();
  if (loadBufferedImage_useImageCache) {
    dir.mkdirs();
    File file = new File(dir, snippetID + ".png");
    if (file.exists() && file.length() != 0)
      try {
        return ImageIO.read(file);
      } catch (Throwable e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        // fall back to loading from sourceforge
      }
  }

  String imageURL = snippetImageURL_http(snippetID);
  print("Loading image: " + imageURL);
  BufferedImage image = imageIO_readURL(imageURL);

  if (loadBufferedImage_useImageCache) {
    File tempFile = new File(dir, snippetID + ".tmp." + System.currentTimeMillis());
    ImageIO.write(image, "png", tempFile);
    tempFile.renameTo(new File(dir, snippetID + ".png"));
    //Log.info("Cached image.");
  }

  //Log.info("Loaded image.");
  return image;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static BufferedImage loadBufferedImage(File file) { try {
  return file.isFile() ? ImageIO.read(file) : null;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static <A> HashSet<A> lithashset(A... items) {
  HashSet<A> set = new HashSet();
  for (A a : items) set.add(a);
  return set;
}

static <A> Set<A> synchroHashSet() {
  return Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<A>());
}


static <A, B> Map<A, B> synchronizedMRUCache(int maxSize) {
  return synchroMap(new MRUCache(maxSize));
}

static String[] codeTokensAsStringArray(List<String> tok) {
  int n = max(0, (l(tok)-1)/2);
  String[] out = new String[n];
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    out[i] = tok.get(i*2+1);
  return out;
}

static int jfind(String s, String in) {
  return jfind(javaTok(s), in);
}

static int jfind(List<String> tok, String in) {
  return jfind(tok, 1, in);
}

static int jfind(List<String> tok, int startIdx, String in) {
  return jfind(tok, startIdx, in, null);
}

static int jfind(List<String> tok, String in, Object condition) {
  return jfind(tok, 1, in, condition);
}

static int jfind(List<String> tok, String in, ITokCondition condition) { return jfind(tok, 1, in, condition); }
static int jfind(List<String> tok, int startIndex, String in, ITokCondition condition) {
  return jfind(tok, startIndex, in, toTokCondition(condition));
}

static int jfind(List<String> tok, int startIdx, String in, Object condition) {
  //LS tokin = jfind_preprocess(javaTok(in));
  return jfind(tok, startIdx, javaTokForJFind_array(in), condition);
}

// assumes you preprocessed tokin
static int jfind(List<String> tok, List<String> tokin) {
  return jfind(tok, 1, tokin);
}

static int jfind(List<String> tok, int startIdx, List<String> tokin) {
  return jfind(tok, startIdx, tokin, null);
}

static int jfind(List<String> tok, int startIdx, String[] tokinC, Object condition) {
  return findCodeTokens(tok, startIdx, false, tokinC, condition);
}

static int jfind(List<String> tok, int startIdx, List<String> tokin, Object condition) {
  return jfind(tok, startIdx, codeTokensAsStringArray(tokin), condition);
}

static List<String> jfind_preprocess(List<String> tok) {
  for (String type : litlist("quoted", "id", "int"))
    replaceSublist(tok, ll("<", "", type, "", ">"), ll("<" + type + ">"));
  replaceSublist(tok, ll("\\", "", "*"), ll("\\*"));
  return tok;
}

// supports the usual quotings (", variable length double brackets) except ' quoting
static boolean isQuoted(String s) {
  
  
  if (isNormalQuoted(s)) return true; // use the exact version
  
  return isMultilineQuoted(s);
}

static boolean checkTokCondition(Object condition, List<String> tok, int i) {
  if (condition instanceof TokCondition)
    return ((TokCondition) condition).get(tok, i);
  return checkCondition(condition, tok, i);
}

static boolean contains(Collection c, Object o) {
  return c != null && c.contains(o);
}

static boolean contains(Object[] x, Object o) {
  if (x != null)
    for (Object a : x)
      if (eq(a, o))
        return true;
  return false;
}

static boolean contains(String s, char c) {
  return s != null && s.indexOf(c) >= 0;
}

static boolean contains(String s, String b) {
  return s != null && s.indexOf(b) >= 0;
}

static boolean contains(BitSet bs, int i) {
  return bs != null && bs.get(i);
}


static <A> boolean contains(Producer<A> p, A a) {
  if (p != null && a != null) while (true) {
    A x = p.next();
    if (x == null) break;
    if (eq(x, a)) return true;
  }
  return false;
}


static <A> void replaceCollection(Collection<A> dest, Collection<A> src) {
  if (dest == src) return;
  dest.clear();
  if (src != null) dest.addAll(src);
}

static String joinSubList(List<String> l, int i, int j) {
  return join(subList(l, i, j));
}

static String joinSubList(List<String> l, int i) {
  return join(subList(l, i));
}



static void replaceListPart(List l, int i, int j, List l2) {
  replaceSublist(l, i, j, l2);
}

static boolean _inCore() {
  return false;
}

static List hotwire_copyOver_after = synchroList();

static void hotwire_copyOver(Class c) {
  // TODO: make a mechanism for making such "inheritable" fields
  for (String field : ll("print_log", "print_silent", "androidContext", "_userHome"))
    setOptIfNotNull(c, field, getOpt(mc(), field));
    
  
  
  setOptIfNotNull(c, "mainBot" , getMainBot());
  setOpt(c, "creator_class" , new WeakReference(mc()));
  pcallFAll(hotwire_copyOver_after, c);
}

static <A> A proxy(Class<A> intrface, final Object target) {
  if (target == null) return null;
  if (isInstance(intrface, target)) return (A) target;
  return (A) java.lang.reflect.Proxy.newProxyInstance(intrface.getClassLoader(),
    new Class[] { intrface },
    new proxy_InvocationHandler(target));
}

static <A> A proxy(Object target, Class<A> intrface) {
  return proxy(intrface, target);
}

static boolean isURL(String s) {
  return startsWithOneOf(s, "http://", "https://", "file:");
}

static File imageSnippetCacheFile(String snippetID) {
  File dir = imageSnippetsCacheDir();
  
  if (!loadBufferedImage_useImageCache) return null;
  
  return new File(dir, parseSnippetID(snippetID) + ".png");
}

static String snippetImageURL_noHttps(String snippetID) {
  return snippetImageURL_noHttps(snippetID, "png");
}

static String snippetImageURL_noHttps(String snippetID, String contentType) {
  return snippetImageURL(snippetID, contentType)
    .replace("https://www.botcompany.de:8443/", "http://www.botcompany.de:8080/")
    .replace("https://botcompany.de/", "http://botcompany.de/");
}

static ThreadLocal<Map<String, List<String>>> loadBinaryPage_responseHeaders = new ThreadLocal();
static ThreadLocal<Map<String, String>> loadBinaryPage_extraHeaders = new ThreadLocal();

static byte[] loadBinaryPage(String url) { try {
  print("Loading " + url);
  return loadBinaryPage(loadPage_openConnection(new URL(url)));
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static byte[] loadBinaryPage(URLConnection con) { try {
  Map<String, String> extraHeaders = getAndClearThreadLocal(loadBinaryPage_extraHeaders);
  setHeaders(con);
  for (String key : keys(extraHeaders))
    con.setRequestProperty(key, extraHeaders.get(key));
  return loadBinaryPage_noHeaders(con);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static byte[] loadBinaryPage_noHeaders(URLConnection con) { try {
  ByteArrayOutputStream buf = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
  InputStream inputStream = con.getInputStream();
  loadBinaryPage_responseHeaders.set(con.getHeaderFields());
  long len = 0;
  try { len = con.getContentLength/*Long*/(); } catch (Throwable e) { printStackTrace(e); }
int n = 0;
  while (true) {
    int ch = inputStream.read();
    if (ch < 0)
      break;
    buf.write(ch);
    if (++n % 100000 == 0)
      println("  " + n + (len != 0 ? "/" + len : "") + " bytes loaded.");
  }
  inputStream.close();
  return buf.toByteArray();
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }


/** writes safely (to temp file, then rename) */
public static byte[] saveBinaryFile(String fileName, byte[] contents) { try {
  File file = new File(fileName);
  File parentFile = file.getParentFile();
  if (parentFile != null)
    parentFile.mkdirs();
  String tempFileName = fileName + "_temp";
  FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = newFileOutputStream(tempFileName);
  fileOutputStream.write(contents);
  fileOutputStream.close();
  if (file.exists() && !file.delete())
    throw new IOException("Can't delete " + fileName);

  if (!new File(tempFileName).renameTo(file))
    throw new IOException("Can't rename " + tempFileName + " to " + fileName);
    
  
  vmBus_send("wroteFile", file);
  
  return contents;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static byte[] saveBinaryFile(File fileName, byte[] contents) {
  return saveBinaryFile(fileName.getPath(), contents);
}

static File getGlobalCache() {
  File file = new File(javaxCachesDir(), "Binary Snippets");
  file.mkdirs();
  return file;
}


static String dataSnippetLink(String snippetID) {
  long id = parseSnippetID(snippetID);
  if (id >= 1100000 && id < 1200000)
    return imageServerURL() + id;
  if (id >= 1200000 && id < 1300000) { // Woody files, actually
    String pw = muricaPassword();
    if (empty(pw)) throw fail("Please set 'murica password by running #1008829");
    return "https://botcompany.de/files/" + id + "?_pass=" + pw; // XXX, although it typically gets hidden when printing
  }
  return fileServerURL() + "/" + id /*+ "?_pass=" + muricaPassword()*/;
}

static String tb_mainServer_default = "http://code.botcompany.de:8081";
static Object tb_mainServer_override; // func -> S

static String tb_mainServer() {
  if (tb_mainServer_override != null) return (String) callF(tb_mainServer_override);
  return trim(loadTextFile(tb_mainServer_file(),
    tb_mainServer_default));
}

static File tb_mainServer_file() {
  return getProgramFile("#1001638", "mainserver.txt");
}

static boolean tb_mainServer_isDefault() {
  return eq(tb_mainServer(), tb_mainServer_default);
}

static <B, A extends B> A addAndReturn(Collection<B> c, A a) {
  if (c != null) c.add(a);
  return a;
}

static void loadBinaryPageToFile(String url, File file) { try {
  print("Loading " + url);
  loadBinaryPageToFile(openConnection(new URL(url)), file);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static void loadBinaryPageToFile(URLConnection con, File file) { try {
  setHeaders(con);
  loadBinaryPageToFile_noHeaders(con, file);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static void loadBinaryPageToFile_noHeaders(URLConnection con, File file) { try {
  File ftemp = new File(f2s(file) + "_temp");
  FileOutputStream buf = newFileOutputStream(mkdirsFor(ftemp));
  try {
    InputStream inputStream = con.getInputStream();
    long len = 0;
    try { len = con.getContentLength/*Long*/(); } catch (Throwable e) { printStackTrace(e); }
    String pat = "  {*}" + (len != 0 ? "/" + len : "") + " bytes loaded.";
    copyStreamWithPrints(inputStream, buf, pat);
    inputStream.close();
    buf.close();
    file.delete();
    renameFile_assertTrue(ftemp, file);
  } finally {
    if (buf != null) buf.close();
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }


static URLConnection openConnection(String url) { try {
  return openConnection(new URL(url));
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static URLConnection openConnection(URL url) { try {
  ping();
  
  callOpt(javax(), "recordOpenURLConnection", str(url));
  
  return url.openConnection();
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static long psI(String snippetID) {
  return parseSnippetID(snippetID);
}

static List<String> allToString(Iterable c) {
  List<String> l = new ArrayList();
  for (Object o : unnull(c)) l.add(str(o));
  return l;
}

static List<String> allToString(Object[] c) {
  List<String> l = new ArrayList();
  for (Object o : unnull(c)) l.add(str(o));
  return l;
}

static byte[] bytesFromHex(String s) {
  return hexToBytes(s);
}

static boolean byteArrayStartsWith(byte[] a, byte[] b) {
  if (a == null || b == null) return false;
  if (a.length < b.length) return false;
  for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++)
    if (a[i] != b[i])
      return false;
  return true;
}

static byte[] loadBeginningOfBinaryFile(File file, int maxBytes) {
  return loadBinaryFilePart(file, 0, maxBytes);
}

static File newFile(File base, String... names) {
  for (String name : names) base = new File(base, name);
  return base;
}

static File newFile(String name) {
  return name == null ? null : new File(name);
}

static File newFile(String base, String... names) {
  return newFile(newFile(base), names);
}

static boolean headless() {
  return isHeadless();
}

static ThreadLocal<List<Object>> holdInstance_l = new ThreadLocal();

static AutoCloseable holdInstance(Object o) {
  if (o == null) return null;
  listThreadLocalAdd(holdInstance_l, o);
  return new AutoCloseable() {
    public void close() {
      listThreadLocalPopLast(holdInstance_l);
    }
  };
}

static String getSelectedItem(JList l) {
  return (String) l.getSelectedValue();
}

static String getSelectedItem(JComboBox cb) {
  return strOrNull(cb.getSelectedItem());
}

static boolean regionMatchesIC(String a, int offsetA, String b, int offsetB, int len) {
  
  
    return a != null && a.regionMatches(true, offsetA, b, offsetB, len);
  
}



static BufferedImage imageIO_readURL(String url) { try {
  return ImageIO.read(new URL(url));
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }


static boolean isAbsolutePath(String s) {
  return s != null && new File(s).isAbsolute();
}

static boolean isAbsolutePath(File f) {
  return f != null && f.isAbsolute();
}

static File imageSnippetsCacheDir() {
  return javaxCachesDir("Image-Snippets");
}

static String snippetImageURL_http(String snippetID) {
  return snippetImageURL_http(snippetID, "png");
}

static String snippetImageURL_http(String snippetID, String contentType) {
  return replacePrefix("https://", "http://", snippetImageURL(snippetID, contentType)).replace(":8443", ":8080");
}

static TokCondition toTokCondition(ITokCondition condition) {
  return condition == null ? null : new TokCondition() {
    boolean get(List<String> tok, int i) {
      return condition.get(tok, i);
    }
  };
}

static <A> ArrayList<A> litlist(A... a) {
  ArrayList l = new ArrayList(a.length);
  for (A x : a) l.add(x);
  return l;
}

// syntax 1: replace all occurrences of x in l with y
static <A> List<A> replaceSublist(List<A> l, List<A> x, List<A> y) {
  if (x == null) return l;
  
  int i = 0;
  while (true) {
    i = indexOfSubList(l, x, i);
    if (i < 0) break;
    
    replaceSublist(l, i, i+l(x), y);
    i += l(y);
  }
  return l;
}

// syntax 2: splice l at fromIndex-toIndex and replace middle part with y
static <A> List<A> replaceSublist(List<A> l, int fromIndex, int toIndex, List<A> y) {
  int n = y.size(), toIndex_new = fromIndex+n;
  if (toIndex_new < toIndex) {
    removeSubList(l, toIndex_new, toIndex);
    copyListPart(y, 0, l, fromIndex, n);
  } else {
    copyListPart(y, 0, l, fromIndex, toIndex-fromIndex);
    if (toIndex_new > toIndex)
      l.addAll(toIndex, subList(y, toIndex-fromIndex));
  }
  return l;
}



static boolean isNormalQuoted(String s) {
  int l = l(s);
  if (!(l >= 2 && s.charAt(0) == '"' && lastChar(s) == '"')) return false;
  int j = 1;
  while (j < l)
    if (s.charAt(j) == '"')
      return j == l-1;
    else if (s.charAt(j) == '\\' && j+1 < l)
      j += 2;
    else
      ++j;
  return false;
}

static boolean isMultilineQuoted(String s) {
  if (!startsWith(s, "[")) return false;
  int i = 1;
  while (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '=') ++i;
  return i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '[';
}

static boolean checkCondition(Object condition, Object... args) {
  return isTrue(callF(condition, args));
}

static <A> boolean checkCondition(IF1<A, Boolean> condition, A arg) {
  return isTrue(callF(condition, arg));
}

static void setOptIfNotNull(Object o, String field, Object value) {
  if (value != null) setOpt(o, field, value);
}

static Object mainBot;

static Object getMainBot() {
  return mainBot;
}

static boolean isInstance(Class type, Object arg) {
  return type.isInstance(arg);
}

static String snippetImageURL(long snippetID) {
  return snippetImageURL(fsI(snippetID));
}

static String snippetImageURL(String snippetID) {
  return snippetImageURL(snippetID, "png");
}

static String snippetImageURL(String snippetID, String contentType) {
  if (snippetID == null || isURL(snippetID)) return snippetID;
  long id = parseSnippetID(snippetID);
  String url;
  if (isImageServerSnippet(id))
    url = imageServerLink(id);
  else
    //url = "http://eyeocr.sourceforge.net/filestore/filestore.php?cmd=serve&file=blob_" + id + "&contentType=image/" + contentType;
    url = "https://botcompany.de/img/" + id;
  return url;
}

static int loadPage_defaultTimeout = 60000;
static ThreadLocal<String> loadPage_charset = new ThreadLocal();
static boolean loadPage_allowGzip = true, loadPage_debug;
static boolean loadPage_anonymous = false; // don't send computer ID
static int loadPage_verboseness = 100000;
static int loadPage_retries = 1; //60; // seconds
static ThreadLocal<Boolean> loadPage_silent = new ThreadLocal();
static volatile int loadPage_forcedTimeout; // ms
static ThreadLocal<Integer> loadPage_forcedTimeout_byThread = new ThreadLocal(); // ms
static ThreadLocal<Map<String, List<String>>> loadPage_responseHeaders = new ThreadLocal();
static ThreadLocal<Map<String, String>> loadPage_extraHeaders = new ThreadLocal();
static ThreadLocal<Long> loadPage_sizeLimit = new ThreadLocal();

public static String loadPageSilently(String url) { try {
  return loadPageSilently(new URL(loadPage_preprocess(url)));
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

public static String loadPageSilently(URL url) { try {
  if (!networkAllowanceTest(str(url))) throw fail("Not allowed: " + url);
    
  IOException e = null;
  for (int tries = 0; tries < loadPage_retries; tries++)
    try {
      URLConnection con = loadPage_openConnection(url);
      return loadPage(con, url);
    } catch (IOException _e) {
      e = _e;
      if (loadPageThroughProxy_enabled) {
        print("Trying proxy because of: " + e);
        try {
          return loadPageThroughProxy(str(url));
        } catch (Throwable e2) {
          print("  " + exceptionToStringShort(e2));
        }
      } else if (loadPage_debug)
        print(exceptionToStringShort(e));
      if (tries < loadPage_retries-1) sleepSeconds(1);
    }
  throw e;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static String loadPage_preprocess(String url) {  
  if (url.startsWith("tb/")) // don't think we use this anymore
    url = tb_mainServer() + "/" + url;
  if (url.indexOf("://") < 0)
    url = "http://" + url;
  return url;
}

static String loadPage(String url) { try {
  url = loadPage_preprocess(url);
  if (!isTrue(loadPage_silent.get()))
    printWithTime("Loading: " + hideCredentials(url));
  return loadPageSilently(new URL(url));
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static String loadPage(URL url) {
  return loadPage(url.toExternalForm());
}

static String loadPage(URLConnection con, URL url) throws IOException {
  return loadPage(con, url, true);
}

static String loadPage(URLConnection con, URL url, boolean addHeaders) throws IOException {
  Map<String, String> extraHeaders = getAndClearThreadLocal(loadPage_extraHeaders);
  Long limit = optPar(loadPage_sizeLimit);
  if (addHeaders) try {
    if (!loadPage_anonymous)
      setHeaders(con);
    if (loadPage_allowGzip)
      con.setRequestProperty("Accept-Encoding", "gzip");
    con.setRequestProperty("X-No-Cookies", "1");
    for (String key : keys(extraHeaders))
      con.setRequestProperty(key, extraHeaders.get(key));
  } catch (Throwable e) {} // fails if within doPost
  
  
  vm_generalSubMap("URLConnection per thread").put(currentThread(), con);
  
  loadPage_responseHeaders.set(con.getHeaderFields());
  InputStream in = null;
  try {
    in = urlConnection_getInputStream(con);
  //vm_generalSubMap("InputStream per thread").put(currentThread(), in);
  if (loadPage_debug)
    print("Put stream in map: " + currentThread());
    String contentType = con.getContentType();
    if (contentType == null) {
      //printStruct("Headers: ", con.getHeaderFields());
      throw new IOException("Page could not be read: " + hideCredentials(url));
    }
    //print("Content-Type: " + contentType);
    String charset = loadPage_charset == null ? null : loadPage_charset.get();
    if (charset == null) charset = loadPage_guessCharset(contentType);
    
    if ("gzip".equals(con.getContentEncoding())) {
      if (loadPage_debug)
        print("loadPage: Using gzip.");
      in = newGZIPInputStream(in);
    }
    Reader r;
    try {
      r = new InputStreamReader(in, unquote(charset));
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
      print(toHex(utf8(charset)));
      throw e;
    }
    
    boolean silent = isTrue(loadPage_silent.get());
    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
    int n = 0;
    while (limit == null || n < limit) {
      ping();
      int ch = r.read();
      if (ch < 0)
        break;
      buf.append((char) ch);
      ++n;
      if (!silent && (n % loadPage_verboseness) == 0)
        print("  " + n + " chars read");
    }
    return buf.toString();
  } finally {
    if (loadPage_debug)
      print("loadPage done");
    //vm_generalSubMap("InputStream per thread").remove(currentThread());
    
    vm_generalSubMap("URLConnection per thread").remove(currentThread());
    
    if (in != null) in.close();
  }
}

static String loadPage_guessCharset(String contentType) {
  Matcher m = regexpMatcher("text/[a-z]+;\\s*charset=([^\\s]+)\\s*", contentType);
  String match = m.matches() ? m.group(1) : null;
  if (loadPage_debug)
    print("loadPage: contentType=" + contentType + ", match: " + match);
  /* If Content-Type doesn't match this pre-conception, choose default and hope for the best. */
  //return or(match, "ISO-8859-1");
  return or(match, "UTF-8");
}

static URLConnection loadPage_openConnection(URL url) {
  URLConnection con = openConnection(url);
  int timeout = toInt(loadPage_forcedTimeout_byThread.get());
  if (timeout == 0) timeout = loadPage_forcedTimeout;
  if (timeout != 0)
    setURLConnectionTimeouts(con, loadPage_forcedTimeout);
  else
    setURLConnectionDefaultTimeouts(con, loadPage_defaultTimeout);
  return con;
}

static <A> A getAndClearThreadLocal(ThreadLocal<A> tl) {
  A a = tl.get();
  tl.set(null);
  return a;
}

static void setHeaders(URLConnection con) throws IOException {
  
  String computerID = getComputerID_quick();
  if (computerID != null) try {
    con.setRequestProperty("X-ComputerID", computerID);
    con.setRequestProperty("X-OS", System.getProperty("os.name") + " " + System.getProperty("os.version"));
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    //printShortException(e);
  }
  
}

static <A> A println(A a) {
  return print(a);
}

static FileOutputStream newFileOutputStream(File path) throws IOException {
  return newFileOutputStream(path.getPath());
}

static FileOutputStream newFileOutputStream(String path) throws IOException {
  return newFileOutputStream(path, false);
}

static FileOutputStream newFileOutputStream(File path, boolean append) throws IOException {
  return newFileOutputStream(path.getPath(), append);
}

static FileOutputStream newFileOutputStream(String path, boolean append) throws IOException {
  mkdirsForFile(path);
  FileOutputStream f = new FileOutputStream(path, append);
  
  _registerIO(f, path, true);
  
  return f;
}

static File javaxCachesDir_dir; // can be set to work on different base dir

static File javaxCachesDir() {
  return javaxCachesDir_dir != null ? javaxCachesDir_dir : new File(userHome(), "JavaX-Caches");
}

static File javaxCachesDir(String sub) {
  return newFile(javaxCachesDir(), sub);
}

static String imageServerURL() {
  return or2(trim(loadTextFile(javaxDataDir("image-server-url.txt"))), "http://botcompany.de/images/raw/");
}

static volatile boolean muricaPassword_pretendNotAuthed = false;

static String muricaPassword() {
  if (muricaPassword_pretendNotAuthed) return null;
  return trim(loadTextFile(muricaPasswordFile()));
}

static String fileServerURL() {
  return "https://botcompany.de/files";
}

static String loadTextFile(String fileName) {
  return loadTextFile(fileName, null);
}

static String loadTextFile(File f, String defaultContents) { return loadTextFile(f, defaultContents, "UTF-8"); }
static String loadTextFile(File f, String defaultContents, String encoding) { try {
  
  checkFileNotTooBigToRead(f);
  
  if (f == null || !f.exists()) return defaultContents;

  FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(f);
  InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(fileInputStream, encoding);
  return loadTextFile(inputStreamReader);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

public static String loadTextFile(File fileName) {
  return loadTextFile(fileName, null);
}

static String loadTextFile(String fileName, String defaultContents) {
  return fileName == null ? defaultContents : loadTextFile(newFile(fileName), defaultContents);
}

static String loadTextFile(Reader reader) throws IOException {
  StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
  try {
    char[] buffer = new char[1024];
    int n;
    while (-1 != (n = reader.read(buffer)))
      builder.append(buffer, 0, n);
  } finally {
    reader.close();
  }
  return str(builder);
}

static File getProgramFile(String progID, String fileName) {
  if (new File(fileName).isAbsolute())
    return new File(fileName);
  return new File(getProgramDir(progID), fileName);
}

static File getProgramFile(String fileName) {
  return getProgramFile(getProgramID(), fileName);
}


public static File mkdirsFor(File file) {
  return mkdirsForFile(file);
}


static void copyStreamWithPrints(InputStream in, OutputStream out, String pat) { try {
  byte[] buf = new byte[65536];
  int total = 0;
  while (true) {
    int n = in.read(buf);
    if (n <= 0) return;
    out.write(buf, 0, n);
    if ((total+n)/100000 > total/100000)
      print(pat.replace("{*}", str(roundDownTo(100000, total))));
    total += n;
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static void renameFile_assertTrue(File a, File b) { try {
  if (!a.exists()) throw fail("Source file not found: " + f2s(a));
  if (b.exists()) throw fail("Target file exists: " + f2s(b));
  mkdirsForFile(b);
  
  
  if (!a.renameTo(b))
    throw fail("Can't rename " + f2s(a) + " to " + f2s(b));
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static byte[] loadBinaryFilePart(File file, long start, long end) { try {
  RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(file, "r");
  int n = toInt(min(raf.length(), end-start));
  byte[] buffer = new byte[n];
  try {
    raf.seek(start);
    raf.readFully(buffer, 0, n);
    return buffer;
  } finally {
    raf.close();
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static <A> void listThreadLocalAdd(ThreadLocal<List<A>> tl, A a) {
  List<A> l = tl.get();
  if (l == null) tl.set(l = new ArrayList());
  l.add(a);
}

static <A> A listThreadLocalPopLast(ThreadLocal<List<A>> tl) {
  List<A> l = tl.get();
  if (l == null) return null;
  A a = popLast(l);
  if (empty(l)) tl.set(null);
  return a;
}

static String strOrNull(Object o) {
  return o == null ? null : str(o);
}



static <A> int indexOfSubList(List<A> x, List<A> y) {
  return indexOfSubList(x, y, 0);
}

static <A> int indexOfSubList(List<A> x, List<A> y, int i) {
  outer: for (; i+l(y) <= l(x); i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < l(y); j++)
      if (neq(x.get(i+j), y.get(j)))
        continue outer;
    return i;
  }
  return -1;
}

static <A> int indexOfSubList(List<A> x, A[] y, int i) {
  outer: for (; i+l(y) <= l(x); i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < l(y); j++)
      if (neq(x.get(i+j), y[j]))
        continue outer;
    return i;
  }
  return -1;
}

static <A, B extends A> void copyListPart(List<B> a, int i1, List<A> b, int i2, int n) {
  if (a == null || b == null) return;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    b.set(i2+i, a.get(i1+i));
}

static String imageServerLink(String md5OrID) {
  if (possibleMD5(md5OrID))
    return "https://botcompany.de/images/md5/" + md5OrID;
  return imageServerLink(parseSnippetID(md5OrID));
}

static String imageServerLink(long id) {
  return "https://botcompany.de/images/" + id;
}

static boolean networkAllowanceTest(String url) {
  
  
  return isAllowed("networkAllowanceTest", url);
  
}

static final boolean loadPageThroughProxy_enabled = false;

static String loadPageThroughProxy(String url) {
  return null;
}

static <A> A printWithTime(A a) {
  return printWithTime("", a);
}

static <A> A printWithTime(String s, A a) {
  print(hmsWithColons() + ": " + s, a);
  return a;
}

static <A> A optPar(ThreadLocal<A> tl, A defaultValue) {
  A a = tl.get();
  if (a != null) {
    tl.set(null);
    return a;
  }
  return defaultValue;
}

static <A> A optPar(ThreadLocal<A> tl) {
  return optPar(tl, null);
}

static Object optPar(Object[] params, String name) {
  return optParam(params, name);
}

static Object optPar(String name, Object[] params) {
  return optParam(params, name);
}

static Object optPar(String name, Map params) {
  return optParam(name, params);
}

static <A> A optPar(Object[] params, String name, A defaultValue) {
  return optParam(params, name, defaultValue);
}

static <A> A optPar(String name, Object[] params, A defaultValue) {
  return optParam(params, name, defaultValue);
}

static Map vm_generalSubMap(Object name) {
  synchronized(get(javax(), "generalMap")) {
    Map map =  (Map) (vm_generalMap_get(name));
    if (map == null)
      vm_generalMap_put(name, map = synchroMap());
    return map;
  }
}


static InputStream urlConnection_getInputStream(URLConnection con) throws IOException {
  UnknownHostException lastException = null;
  for (int _repeat_0 = 0; _repeat_0 < 2; _repeat_0++)  {
    try {
      if (con instanceof HttpURLConnection)
        if (((HttpURLConnection) con).getResponseCode() == 500)
          throw new IOException(joinNemptiesWithColonSpace("Server code 500", tryToReadErrorStreamFromURLConnection(((HttpURLConnection) con))));
      return con.getInputStream();
    } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
      lastException = e;
      print("Retrying because of: " + e);
      continue;
    }
  }
  throw lastException;
}

static GZIPInputStream newGZIPInputStream(File f) {
  return gzInputStream(f);
}

static GZIPInputStream newGZIPInputStream(InputStream in) {
  return gzInputStream(in);
}

static String toHex(byte[] bytes) {
  return bytesToHex(bytes);
}

static String toHex(byte[] bytes, int ofs, int len) {
  return bytesToHex(bytes, ofs, len);
}


static byte[] utf8(String s) {
  return toUtf8(s);
}

static Matcher regexpMatcher(String pat, String s) {
  return compileRegexp(pat).matcher(unnull(s));
}

static URLConnection setURLConnectionTimeouts(URLConnection con, long timeout) {
  con.setConnectTimeout(toInt(timeout));
  con.setReadTimeout(toInt(timeout));
  if (con.getConnectTimeout() != timeout || con.getReadTimeout() != timeout)
    print("Warning: Timeouts not set by JDK.");
  return con;
}

static URLConnection setURLConnectionDefaultTimeouts(URLConnection con, long timeout) {
  if (con.getConnectTimeout() == 0) {
    con.setConnectTimeout(toInt(timeout));
    if (con.getConnectTimeout() != timeout)
      print("Warning: URL connect timeout not set by JDK.");
  }
  if (con.getReadTimeout() == 0) {
    con.setReadTimeout(toInt(timeout));
    if (con.getReadTimeout() != timeout)
      print("Warning: URL read timeout not set by JDK.");
  }
  return con;
}

static String getComputerID_quick() {
  return computerID();
}

public static File mkdirsForFile(File file) {
  File dir = file.getParentFile();
  if (dir != null) { // is null if file is in current dir
    dir.mkdirs();
    if (!dir.isDirectory())
      if (dir.isFile()) throw fail("Please delete the file " + f2s(dir) + " - it is supposed to be a directory!");
      else throw fail("Unknown IO exception during mkdirs of " + f2s(file));
  }
  return file;
}

public static String mkdirsForFile(String path) {
  mkdirsForFile(new File(path));
  return path;
}

static void _registerIO(Object object, String path, boolean opened) {
}

static String _userHome;
static String userHome() {
  if (_userHome == null)
    return actualUserHome();
  return _userHome;
}

static File userHome(String path) {
  return new File(userDir(), path);
}

static String or2(String a, String b) {
  return nempty(a) ? a : b;
}

static String or2(String a, String b, String c) {
  return or2(or2(a, b), c);
}

static File javaxDataDir_dir; // can be set to work on different base dir

static File javaxDataDir() {
  return javaxDataDir_dir != null ? javaxDataDir_dir : new File(userHome(), "JavaX-Data");
}

static File javaxDataDir(String... subs) {
  return newFile(javaxDataDir(), subs);
}

static File muricaPasswordFile() {
  return new File(javaxSecretDir(), "murica/muricaPasswordFile");
}

static ThreadLocal<VF1<File>> checkFileNotTooBigToRead_tl = new ThreadLocal();

static void checkFileNotTooBigToRead(File f) {
  callF(checkFileNotTooBigToRead_tl.get(), f);
}

static File getProgramDir() {
  return programDir();
}

static File getProgramDir(String snippetID) {
  return programDir(snippetID);
}

static int roundDownTo(int n, int x) {
  return x/n*n;
}

static long roundDownTo(long n, long x) {
  return x/n*n;
}



static boolean possibleMD5(String s) { return isMD5(s); }

static volatile Object isAllowed_function; // func(S, O[]) -> bool
static volatile boolean isAllowed_all = true;

static boolean isAllowed(String askingMethod, Object... args) {
  // check on VM level
  Object f = vm_generalMap_get("isAllowed_function");
  if (f != null && !isTrue(callF(f, askingMethod, args))) return false;
  
  // check locally
  return isAllowed_all || isTrue(callF(isAllowed_function, askingMethod, args));
}



static String hmsWithColons() {
  return hmsWithColons(now());
}

static String hmsWithColons(long time) {
  return new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(time);
}


static <A> A optParam(ThreadLocal<A> tl, A defaultValue) {
  return optPar(tl, defaultValue);
}

static <A> A optParam(ThreadLocal<A> tl) {
  return optPar(tl);
}

static Object optParam(String name, Map params) {
  return mapGet(params, name);
}

// now also takes a map as single array entry
static <A> A optParam(Object[] opt, String name, A defaultValue) {
  int n = l(opt);
  if (n == 1 && opt[0] instanceof Map) {
    Map map =  (Map) (opt[0]);
    return map.containsKey(name) ? (A) map.get(name) : defaultValue;
  }
  if (!even(l(opt))) throw fail("Odd parameter length");
  for (int i = 0; i < l(opt); i += 2)
    if (eq(opt[i], name))
      return (A) opt[i+1];
  return defaultValue;
}

static Object optParam(Object[] opt, String name) {
  return optParam(opt, name, null);
}

static Object optParam(String name, Object[] params) {
  return optParam(params, name);
}

static String joinNemptiesWithColonSpace(String... strings) {
  return joinNempties(": ", strings);
}

static String joinNemptiesWithColonSpace(Collection<String> strings) {
  return joinNempties(": ", strings);
}

static String tryToReadErrorStreamFromURLConnection(URLConnection conn) { try {
  if (conn instanceof HttpURLConnection)
    return stream2string(((HttpURLConnection) conn).getErrorStream()); // TODO: ensure some max length
  return null;
} catch (Throwable __e) { return null; } }

static int gzInputStream_defaultBufferSize = 65536;

static GZIPInputStream gzInputStream(File f) { try {
  return gzInputStream(new FileInputStream(f));
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static GZIPInputStream gzInputStream(File f, int bufferSize) { try {
  return gzInputStream(new FileInputStream(f), bufferSize);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static GZIPInputStream gzInputStream(InputStream in) {
  return gzInputStream(in, gzInputStream_defaultBufferSize);
}

static GZIPInputStream gzInputStream(InputStream in, int bufferSize) { try {
  return _registerIOWrap(new GZIPInputStream(in, gzInputStream_defaultBufferSize), in);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static byte[] toUtf8(String s) { try {
  return s.getBytes(utf8charset());
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Map<String, java.util.regex.Pattern> compileRegexp_cache = syncMRUCache(10);

static java.util.regex.Pattern compileRegexp(String pat) {
  java.util.regex.Pattern p = compileRegexp_cache.get(pat);
  if (p == null) {
    
    compileRegexp_cache.put(pat, p = java.util.regex.Pattern.compile(pat));
  }
  return p;
}

static String _computerID;
static Lock computerID_lock = lock();

public static String computerID() {
  if (_computerID == null) {
    Lock __0 = computerID_lock; lock(__0); try {
    if (_computerID != null) return _computerID;
    File file = computerIDFile();
    _computerID = loadTextFile(file.getPath());
    if (_computerID == null) {
      // legacy load
      _computerID = loadTextFile(userDir(".tinybrain/computer-id"));
      if (_computerID == null)
        _computerID = makeRandomID(12, new SecureRandom());
      saveTextFile(file, _computerID);
    }
  } finally { unlock(__0); } }
  return _computerID;
}

static String actualUserHome_value;
static String actualUserHome() {
  if (actualUserHome_value == null) {
    if (isAndroid())
      actualUserHome_value = "/storage/emulated/0/";
    else
      actualUserHome_value = System.getProperty("user.home");
  }
  return actualUserHome_value;
}

static File actualUserHome(String sub) {
  return newFile(new File(actualUserHome()), sub);
}

static File userDir() {
  return new File(userHome());
}

static File userDir(String path) {
  return new File(userHome(), path);
}

static File javaxSecretDir_dir; // can be set to work on different base dir

static File javaxSecretDir() {
  return javaxSecretDir_dir != null ? javaxSecretDir_dir : new File(userHome(), "JavaX-Secret");
}

static File javaxSecretDir(String sub) {
  return newFile(javaxSecretDir(), sub);
}

static File programDir_mine; // set this to relocate program's data

static File programDir() {
  return programDir(getProgramID());
}

static File programDir(String snippetID) {
  boolean me = sameSnippetID(snippetID, programID());
  if (programDir_mine != null && me)
    return programDir_mine;
  File dir = new File(javaxDataDir(), formatSnippetIDOpt(snippetID));
  if (me) {
    String c = caseID();
    if (nempty(c)) dir = newFile(dir, c);
  }
  return dir;
}

static File programDir(String snippetID, String subPath) {
  return new File(programDir(snippetID), subPath);
}



static boolean isMD5(String s) {
  return l(s) == 32 && isLowerHexString(s);
}

static long now_virtualTime;
static long now() {
  return now_virtualTime != 0 ? now_virtualTime : System.currentTimeMillis();
}


static <A, B> B mapGet(Map<A, B> map, A a) {
  return map == null || a == null ? null : map.get(a);
}

static <A, B> B mapGet(A a, Map<A, B> map) {
  return map == null || a == null ? null : map.get(a);
}

static boolean even(int i) {
  return (i & 1) == 0;
}

static boolean even(long i) {
  return (i & 1) == 0;
}

static boolean even(BigInteger n) {
  return even(n.intValue());
}

static String joinNempties(String sep, Object... strings) {
  return joinStrings(sep, strings);
}

static String joinNempties(String sep, Iterable strings) {
  return joinStrings(sep, strings);
}

static String stream2string(InputStream in) {
  return utf8streamToString(in);
}

static <A> A _registerIOWrap(A wrapper, Object wrapped) {
  return wrapper;
}



static Charset utf8charset_cache;
static Charset utf8charset() { if (utf8charset_cache == null) utf8charset_cache = utf8charset_load(); return utf8charset_cache; }

static Charset utf8charset_load() {
  return Charset.forName("UTF-8");
}

static <A, B> Map<A, B> syncMRUCache(int size) {
  return synchroMap(new MRUCache(size));
}

static File computerIDFile() {
  return javaxDataDir("Basic Info/computer-id.txt");
}

static String makeRandomID(int length) {
  return makeRandomID(length, defaultRandomGenerator());
}

static String makeRandomID(int length, Random random) {
  char[] id = new char[length];
  for (int i = 0; i < id.length; i++)
    id[i] = (char) ((int) 'a' + random.nextInt(26));
  return new String(id);
}

static String makeRandomID(Random r, int length) {
  return makeRandomID(length, r);
}

/** writes safely (to temp file, then rename) */
static File saveTextFile(String fileName, String contents) throws IOException {
  CriticalAction action = beginCriticalAction("Saving file " + fileName + " (" + l(contents) + " chars)");
  try {
    File file = new File(fileName);
    mkdirsForFile(file);
    String tempFileName = fileName + "_temp";
    File tempFile = new File(tempFileName);
    if (contents != null) {
      if (tempFile.exists()) try {
        String saveName = tempFileName + ".saved." + now();
        copyFile(tempFile, new File(saveName));
      } catch (Throwable e) { printStackTrace(e); }
      FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = newFileOutputStream(tempFile.getPath());
      OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(fileOutputStream, "UTF-8");
      PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(outputStreamWriter);
      printWriter.print(contents);
      printWriter.close();
    }
    
    if (file.exists() && !file.delete())
      throw new IOException("Can't delete " + fileName);
  
    if (contents != null)
      if (!tempFile.renameTo(file))
        throw new IOException("Can't rename " + tempFile + " to " + file);
        
    
    vmBus_send("wroteFile", file);
    
    return file;
  } finally {
    action.done();
  }
}

static File saveTextFile(File fileName, String contents) { try {
  saveTextFile(fileName.getPath(), contents);
  return fileName;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static boolean sameSnippetID(String a, String b) {
  if (!isSnippetID(a) || !isSnippetID(b)) return false;
  return parseSnippetID(a) == parseSnippetID(b);
}

static volatile String caseID_caseID;

static String caseID() { return caseID_caseID; }

static void caseID(String id) {
  caseID_caseID = id;
}



static boolean isLowerHexString(String s) {
  for (int i = 0; i < l(s); i++) {
    char c = s.charAt(i);
    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9' || c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') {
      // ok
    } else
      return false;
  }
  return true;
}

static String joinStrings(String sep, Object... strings) {
  return joinStrings(sep, Arrays.asList(strings));
}

static String joinStrings(String sep, Iterable strings) {
  StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
  for (Object o : unnull(strings)) { 
    String s = strOrNull(o);
    if (nempty(s)) {
      if (nempty(buf)) buf.append(sep);
      buf.append(s);
    }
  }
  return str(buf);
}

static String utf8streamToString(InputStream in) {
  return readerToString(utf8bufferedReader(in));
}

static Random defaultRandomGenerator() {
  return ThreadLocalRandom.current();
}

static List<CriticalAction> beginCriticalAction_inFlight = synchroList();

static class CriticalAction {
  String description;
  
  CriticalAction() {}
  CriticalAction(String description) {
  this.description = description;}
  
  void done() {
    beginCriticalAction_inFlight.remove(this);
  }
}

static CriticalAction beginCriticalAction(String description) {
  ping();
  CriticalAction c = new CriticalAction(description);
  beginCriticalAction_inFlight.add(c);
  return c;
}

static void cleanMeUp_beginCriticalAction() {
  int n = 0;
  while (nempty(beginCriticalAction_inFlight)) {
    int m = l(beginCriticalAction_inFlight);
    if (m != n) {
      n = m;
      try {
        print("Waiting for " + n2(n, "critical actions") + ": " + join(", ", collect(beginCriticalAction_inFlight, "description")));
      } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }
    }
    sleepInCleanUp(10);
  }
}

static File copyFile(File src, File dest) { try {
  FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(src.getPath());
  FileOutputStream outputStream = newFileOutputStream(dest.getPath());
  try {
    copyStream(inputStream, outputStream);
    inputStream.close();
  } finally {
    outputStream.close();
  }
  return dest;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }



static String readerToString(Reader r) { try {
  try {
    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
    int n = 0;
    while (true) {
      int ch = r.read();
      if (ch < 0)
        break;
      buf.append((char) ch);
      ++n;
      //if ((n % loadPage_verboseness) == 0) print("  " + n + " chars read");
    }
    return buf.toString();
  } finally {
    r.close();
  }  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static BufferedReader utf8bufferedReader(InputStream in) { try {
  return bufferedReader(_registerIOWrap(new InputStreamReader(in, "UTF-8"), in));
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static BufferedReader utf8bufferedReader(File f) { try {
  return utf8bufferedReader(newFileInputStream(f));
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static String n2(long l) { return formatWithThousands(l); }
static String n2(Collection l) { return n2(l(l)); }
static String n2(Map map) { return n2(l(map)); }

static String n2(double l, String singular) {
  return n2(l, singular, singular + "s");
}

static String n2(double l, String singular, String plural) {
  if (fraction(l) == 0)
    return n2((long) l, singular, plural);
  else
    return l + " " + plural;
}

static String n2(long l, String singular, String plural) {
  return n_fancy2(l, singular, plural);
}

static String n2(long l, String singular) {
  return n_fancy2(l, singular, singular + "s");
}

static String n2(Collection l, String singular) {
  return n2(l(l), singular);
}

static String n2(Collection l, String singular, String plural) {
  return n_fancy2(l, singular, plural);
}

static String n2(Map m, String singular, String plural) {
  return n_fancy2(m, singular, plural);
}

static String n2(Map m, String singular) {
  return n2(l(m), singular);
}

static String n2(Object[] a, String singular) { return n2(l(a), singular); }
static String n2(Object[] a, String singular, String plural) { return n_fancy2(a, singular, plural); }


  static String n2(MultiSet ms, String singular, String plural) {
    return n_fancy2(ms, singular, plural);
  }


static List collect(Iterable c, String field) {
  return collectField(c, field);
}

static List collect(String field, Iterable c) {
  return collectField(c, field);
}

/*ifclass Concept
static L collect(Class c, S field) {
  ret collect(list(c), field);
}
endif
TODO: make translator ignore stuff in ifclass until resolved
*/

static void sleepInCleanUp(long ms) { try {
  if (ms < 0) return;
  Thread.sleep(ms);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static void copyStream(InputStream in, OutputStream out) { try {
  byte[] buf = new byte[65536];
  while (true) {
    int n = in.read(buf);
    if (n <= 0) return;
    out.write(buf, 0, n);
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }



static BufferedReader bufferedReader(Reader r) { return bufferedReader(r, 8192); }
static BufferedReader bufferedReader(Reader r, int bufSize) {
  return r instanceof BufferedReader ? (BufferedReader) r : _registerIOWrap(new BufferedReader(r, bufSize), r);
}

static FileInputStream newFileInputStream(File path) throws IOException {
  return newFileInputStream(path.getPath());
}

static FileInputStream newFileInputStream(String path) throws IOException {
  FileInputStream f = new FileInputStream(path);
  _registerIO(f, path, true);
  return f;
}

static String formatWithThousands(long l) {
  return formatWithThousandsSeparator(l);
}

static double fraction(double d) {
  return d % 1;
}

static String n_fancy2(long l, String singular, String plural) {
  return formatWithThousandsSeparator(l) + " " + trim(l == 1 ? singular : plural);
}

static String n_fancy2(Collection l, String singular, String plural) {
  return n_fancy2(l(l), singular, plural);
}

static String n_fancy2(Map m, String singular, String plural) {
  return n_fancy2(l(m), singular, plural);
}

static String n_fancy2(Object[] a, String singular, String plural) {
  return n_fancy2(l(a), singular, plural);
}


  static String n_fancy2(MultiSet ms, String singular, String plural) {
    return n_fancy2(l(ms), singular, plural);
  }


static List collectField(Iterable c, String field) {
  List l = new ArrayList();
  if (c != null) for (Object a : c)
    l.add(getOpt(a, field));
  return l;
}

static List collectField(String field, Iterable c) {
  return collectField(c, field);
}





static String formatWithThousandsSeparator(long l) {
  return NumberFormat.getInstance(new Locale("en_US")).format(l);
}



// A concept should be an object, not just a string.

// Functions that should always be there for child processes:
static int concepts_internStringsLongerThan = 10;

static ThreadLocal<Boolean> concepts_unlisted = new ThreadLocal();
static boolean concepts_unlistedByDefault = false; // true = we can create instances of concepts with "new" without registering them automatically

static interface Derefable {
  Concept get();
}

static interface IConceptIndex {
  void update(Concept c); // also for adding
  void remove(Concept c);
}

static interface IFieldIndex<A extends Concept, Val> {
  Collection<A> getAll(Val val);
  List<Val> allValues(); // returns a cloned list
  MultiSet<Val> allValues_multiSet();
}

// Approach to persisting the Concepts object itself (in normal
// DB operation, this is not done): For simplification, speed and
// compactness, we make almost all the fields transient and store only // the concepts and the idCounter. To unstructure the Concepts object,
// use unstructureConcepts() or postUnstructureConcepts(), then
// re-set up any indices, listeners etc.

static class Concepts implements AutoCloseable {
  Map<Long, Concept> concepts = synchroTreeMap();
  long idCounter;
  
  transient HashMap<Class, Object> perClassData;
  transient Map miscMap; // don't use directly, call miscMap... methods to access
  
  // set to "-" for non-persistent (possibly not implemented)
  // also, can include a case ID ("#123/1")
  // TODO: have an actual directory instead
  transient String programID;
  
  transient Concepts parent; // new mechanism
  transient volatile long changes, changesWritten, lastChange;
  transient volatile java.util.Timer autoSaver;
  transient volatile boolean dontSave = false;
  transient volatile boolean savingConcepts, noXFullGrab;
  transient boolean vmBusSend = true;
  transient boolean initialSave = true; // set to false to avoid initial useless saving
  transient int autoSaveInterval = -1000; // 1 second + wait logic
  transient boolean useGZIP = true, quietSave;
  transient ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(true);
  transient ReentrantLock saverLock = new ReentrantLock(true);
  transient long lastSaveTook = -1, lastSaveWas, loadTook, uncompressedSize;
  transient float maxAutoSavePercentage = 10;
  transient List<IConceptIndex> conceptIndices;
  transient Map<Class<? extends Concept>, Map<String, IFieldIndex>> fieldIndices;
  transient Map<Class<? extends Concept>, Map<String, IFieldIndex>> ciFieldIndices;
  transient List saveActions = synchroList();
  transient Object classFinder = _defaultClassFinder();
  transient List onAllChanged = synchroList(); // list of runnables
  transient Object saveWrapper; // VF1<Runnable>, to profile saving
  transient boolean modifyOnCreate = false; // set _modified == created initially
  transient boolean modifyOnBackRef = false; // set modified if back refs change
  transient boolean useFileLock = true; // instead of locking by bot
  transient FileBasedLock fileLock;
  transient boolean storeBaseClassesInStructure = false; // helps with schema evolution when concept subclasses disappear
  
  Concepts() {}
  Concepts(String programID) {
  this.programID = programID;}
  
  synchronized long internalID() {
    do {
      ++idCounter;
    } while (hasConcept(idCounter));
    return idCounter;
  }
  
  synchronized HashMap<Class, Object> perClassData () {
    if (perClassData == null) perClassData = new HashMap();
    return perClassData;
  }
  
  void initProgramID() {
    if (programID == null)
      programID = getDBProgramID();
  }
  
  // Now tries to load from bot first, then go to disk.
  Concepts load() {
    return load(false);
  }
  
  Concepts safeLoad() {
    return load(true);
  }
  
  Concepts load(boolean allDynamic) {
    initProgramID();
    
    // try custom grabber
    Object dbGrabber = miscMapGet("dbGrabber");
    if (dbGrabber != null && !isFalse(callF(dbGrabber)))
      return this;

    try {
      if (tryToGrab(allDynamic)) return this;
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      if (!exceptionMessageContains(e, "no xfullgrab"))
        printShortException(e);
      print("xfullgrab failed - loading DB of " + programID + " from disk");
    }
    return loadFromDisk(allDynamic);
  }
  
  Concepts loadFromDisk() { return loadFromDisk(false); }
  
  Concepts loadFromDisk(boolean allDynamic) {
    if (nempty(concepts)) clearConcepts();
    //DynamicObject_loading.set(true); // now done in unstructure()
    //try {
      // minimal crash recovery
      restoreLatestBackupIfConceptsFileEmpty(programID, "doIt" , true);

      long time = now();
      Map<Long, Concept> _concepts = concepts; // empty map
      readLocally2_allDynamic.set(allDynamic);
       AutoCloseable __3 = tempSetTL(readLocally2_classFinder, classFinder); try {
      readLocally2(this, programID, "concepts");
      Map<Long, Concept> __concepts = concepts;
      concepts = _concepts;
      concepts.putAll(__concepts);
      int l = readLocally_stringLength;
      int tokrefs = unstructure_tokrefs;
      assignConceptsToUs();
      loadTook = now()-time;
      done("Loaded " + n(l(concepts), "concepts"), time);
      try {
        if (fileSize(getProgramFile(programID, "idCounter.structure")) != 0)
          readLocally2(this, programID, "idCounter");
        else
          calcIdCounter();
      } catch (Throwable e) { _handleException(e);
        calcIdCounter();
      }
    /*} finally {
      DynamicObject_loading.set(null);
    }*/
    if (initialSave) allChanged();
    return this;
  } finally { _close(__3); }}
  
  Concepts loadConcepts() { return load(); }
  
  boolean tryToGrab(boolean allDynamic) {
    if (sameSnippetID(programID, getDBProgramID())) return false;
     RemoteDB db = connectToDBOpt(programID); try {
    if (db != null) {
      loadGrab(db.fullgrab(), allDynamic);
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  } finally { _close(db); }}
  
  Concepts load(String grab) {
    return loadGrab(grab, false);
  }
  
  Concepts safeLoad(String grab) {
    return loadGrab(grab, true);
  }
  
  Concepts loadGrab(String grab, boolean allDynamic) {
    clearConcepts();
    DynamicObject_loading.set(true);
    try {
      Map<Long, Concept> map = (Map) unstructure(grab, allDynamic, classFinder);
      concepts.putAll(map);
      assignConceptsToUs();
      for (long l : map.keySet())
        idCounter = max(idCounter, l);
    } finally {
      DynamicObject_loading.set(null);
    }
    allChanged();
    return this;
  }
  
  void assignConceptsToUs() {
    // fix unstructure bugs
    
    for (Pair<Long, Object> p: mapToPairs((Map<Long, Object>) (Map) concepts))
      if (!(p.b instanceof Concept)) {
       print("DROPPING non-existant concept " + p.a + ": " + dynShortName(p.b));
       concepts.remove(p.a);
    }
    
    for (Concept c : values(concepts)) c._concepts = this;
    for (Concept c : values(concepts))
      c._doneLoading2(); // doneLoading2 is called on all concepts after all concepts are loaded
  }

  String progID() {
    return programID == null ? getDBProgramID() : programID;
  }
  
  Concept getConcept(String id) {
    return empty(id) ? null : getConcept(parseLong(id));
  }
  
  Concept getConcept(long id) {
    return (Concept) concepts.get((long) id);
  }
  
  Concept getConcept(RC ref) {
    return ref == null ? null : getConcept(ref.longID());
  }
  
  boolean hasConcept(long id) {
    return concepts.containsKey((long) id);
  }
  
  void deleteConcept(long id) {
    Concept c = getConcept(id);
    if (c == null)
      print("Concept " + id + " not found");
    else
      c.delete();
  }
  
  void calcIdCounter() {
    long id_ = 0;
    for (long id : keys(concepts))
      id_ = max(id_, id);
    idCounter = id_+1;
    saveLocally2(this, programID, "idCounter");
  }
  
  File conceptsFile() {
    return getProgramFile(programID, useGZIP ? "concepts.structure.gz" : "concepts.structure");
  }
  
  // used for locking when useFileLock is activated
  File lockFile() {
    return getProgramFile(programID, "concepts.lock");
  }
  
  FileBasedLock fileLock() {
    if (fileLock == null)
      fileLock = new FileBasedLock(lockFile());
    return fileLock;
  }
  
  void saveConceptsIfDirty() { saveConcepts(); }
  void save() { saveConcepts(); }

  void saveConcepts() {
    if (dontSave) return;
    initProgramID();
    saverLock.lock();
    savingConcepts = true;
    long start = now(), time;
    try {
      String s = null;
      //synchronized(main.class) {
      long _changes = changes;
      if (_changes == changesWritten) return;
      
      File f = conceptsFile();
      
      lock.lock();
      long fullTime = now();
      try {
        saveLocally2(this, programID, "idCounter");
        
        if (useGZIP) {
          callRunnableWithWrapper(saveWrapper, new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
            uncompressedSize = saveGZStructureToFile(f, cloneMap(concepts));
          
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "uncompressedSize = saveGZStructureToFile(f, cloneMap(concepts));"; }});
          getProgramFile(programID, "concepts.structure").delete();
        } else
          s = fullStructure();
      } finally {
        lock.unlock();
      }
      
      while (nempty(saveActions))
        pcallF(popFirst(saveActions));

      changesWritten = _changes; // only update when structure didn't fail
      
      if (!useGZIP) {
        time = now()-start;
        if (!quietSave)
          print("Saving " + toM(l(s)) + "M chars (" /*+ changesWritten + ", "*/ + time + " ms)");
        start = now();
        saveTextFile(f, javaTokWordWrap(s));
        getProgramFile(programID, "concepts.structure.gz").delete();
      }
      
      copyFile(f, getProgramFile(programID, "backups/concepts.structure" + (useGZIP ? ".gz" : "") + ".backup" + ymd() + "-" + formatInt(hours(), 2)));
      time = now()-start;
      if (!quietSave)
        print(programID + ": Saved " + toK(f.length()) + " K, " + n(concepts, "concepts") + " (" + time + " ms)");
      lastSaveWas = fullTime;
      lastSaveTook = now()-fullTime;
    } finally {
      savingConcepts = false;
      saverLock.unlock();
    }
  }
  
  void _autoSaveConcepts() {
    if (autoSaveInterval < 0 && maxAutoSavePercentage != 0) {
      long pivotTime = Math.round(lastSaveWas+lastSaveTook*100.0/maxAutoSavePercentage);
      if (now() < pivotTime) {
        //print("Skipping auto-save (last save took " + lastSaveTook + ")");
        return;
      }
    }
    try {
      saveConcepts();
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      print("Concept save failed, will try again: " + e);
    }
  }
  
  String fullStructure() {
    return structure(cloneMap(concepts), makeStructureData());
  }
  
  structure_Data makeStructureData() {
    structure_Data data = new structure_Data();
    if (storeBaseClassesInStructure)
      data.storeBaseClasses = true;
    return data;
  }
  
  void clearConcepts() {
    concepts.clear();
    allChanged();
  }
  
  void allChanged() {
    synchronized(this) { ++changes; lastChange = sysNow(); }
    if (vmBusSend) vmBus_send("conceptsChanged", this);
    pcallFAll(onAllChanged);
  }
  
  // auto-save every second if dirty
  synchronized void autoSaveConcepts() {
    if (autoSaver == null) {
      if (isTransient()) throw fail("Can't persist transient database");
      autoSaver = doEvery_daemon(abs(autoSaveInterval), new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  _autoSaveConcepts() ;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "_autoSaveConcepts()"; }});
      // print("Installed auto-saver (" + autoSaveInterval + " ms, " + progID() + ")");
    }
  }
  
  public void close() { cleanMeUp(); }
  
  void cleanMeUp() {
    try {
      boolean shouldSave = autoSaver != null;
      if (autoSaver != null) {
        autoSaver.cancel();
        autoSaver = null;
      }
      while (savingConcepts) sleepInCleanUp(10);
      if (shouldSave)
        saveConceptsIfDirty();
    } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }
    { cleanUp(fileLock); fileLock = null; }
  }
  
  Map<Long, String> getIDsAndNames() {
    Map<Long, String> map = new HashMap();
    Map<Long, Concept> cloned = cloneMap(concepts);
    for (long id : keys(cloned)) 
      map.put(id, cloned.get(id).className);
    return map;
  }
  
  void deleteConcepts(List l) {
    ping();
    if (l != null) for (Object o : cloneList(l))
      if (o instanceof Long) {
        Concept c = concepts.get(o);
        if (c != null) c.delete();
      } else if (o instanceof Concept)
        ((Concept) o).delete();
      else
        warn("Can't delete " + getClassName(o));
  }
  
  <A extends Concept> A conceptOfType(Class<A> type) {
    IConceptCounter counter = conceptCounterForClass(type);
    if (counter != null) return (A) first(counter.allConcepts());
    return firstOfType(allConcepts(), type);
  }
  
  <A extends Concept> List<A> conceptsOfType(Class<A> type) {
    List<A> l = conceptsOfType_noParent(type);
    if (parent == null) return l;
    return concatLists_conservative(l, parent.conceptsOfType(type));
  }
  
  <A extends Concept> List<A> conceptsOfType_noParent(Class<A> type) {
    ping();
    IConceptCounter counter = conceptCounterForClass(type);
    if (counter != null) return (List<A>) cloneList(counter.allConcepts());
    return filterByType(allConcepts(), type);
  }
  
  <A extends Concept> List<A> listConcepts(Class<A> type) {
    return conceptsOfType(type);
  }
  
  <A extends Concept> List<A> list(Class<A> type) {
    return conceptsOfType(type);
  }
  
  <A extends Concept> List<A> list_noParent(Class<A> type) {
    return conceptsOfType_noParent(type);
  }
  
  // TODO: would be better to make this Cl (indices may return sets)
  List<Concept> list(String type) {
    return conceptsOfType(type);
  }
  
  List<Concept> conceptsOfType(String type) {
    return filterByDynamicType(allConcepts(), "main$" + type);
  }
  
  boolean hasConceptOfType(Class<? extends Concept> type) {
    return hasType(allConcepts(), type);
  }
  
  void persistConcepts() {
    loadConcepts();
    autoSaveConcepts();
  }
  
  // We love synonyms
  void conceptPersistence() { persistConcepts(); }
  
  Concepts persist() { persistConcepts(); return this; }
  void persist(Integer interval) {
    if (interval != null) autoSaveInterval = interval;
    persist();
  }
    
  // Runs r if there is no concept of that type
  <A extends Concept> A ensureHas(Class<A> c, Runnable r) {
    A a = conceptOfType(c);
    if (a == null) {
      r.run();
      a = conceptOfType(c);
      if (a == null)
        throw fail("Concept not made by " + r + ": " + shortClassName(c));
    }
    return a;
  }
  
  // Ensures that every concept of type c1 is ref'd by a concept of
  // type c2.
  // Type of func: voidfunc(concept)
  void ensureHas(Class<? extends Concept> c1, Class<? extends Concept> c2, Object func) {
    for (Concept a : conceptsOfType(c1)) {
      Concept b = findBackRef(a, c2);
      if (b == null) {
        callF(func, a);
        b = findBackRef(a, c2);
        if (b == null)
          throw fail("Concept not made by " + func + ": " + shortClassName(c2));
      }
    }
  }
  
  // Type of func: voidfunc(concept)
  void forEvery(Class<? extends Concept> type, Object func) {
    for (Concept c : conceptsOfType(type))
      callF(func, c);
  }
  
  int deleteAll(Class<? extends Concept> type) {
    List<Concept> l = (List) conceptsOfType(type);
    for (Concept c : l) c.delete();
    return l(l);
  }
  
  Collection<Concept> allConcepts() {
    synchronized(concepts) {
      return new ArrayList(values(concepts));
    }
  }
  
  IConceptCounter conceptCounterForClass(Class<? extends Concept> c) {
    for (IFieldIndex idx : values(mapGet(fieldIndices, c)))
      if (idx instanceof IConceptCounter) return ((IConceptCounter) idx);
    for (IFieldIndex idx : values(mapGet(ciFieldIndices, c)))
      if (idx instanceof IConceptCounter) return ((IConceptCounter) idx);
    return null;
  }
  

  <A extends Concept> int countConcepts(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
    int n = countConcepts_noParent(c, params);
    if (parent == null) return n;
    return n+parent.countConcepts(c, params);
  }
  
  <A extends Concept> int countConcepts_noParent(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
    ping();
    if (empty(params)) {
      IConceptCounter counter = conceptCounterForClass(c);
      if (counter != null) return counter.countConcepts();
      return l(list_noParent(c));
    }
    int n = 0;
    for (A x : list_noParent(c)) if (checkConceptFields(x, params)) ++n;
    return n;
  }

  int countConcepts(String c, Object... params) {
    ping();
    if (empty(params)) return l(list(c));
    int n = 0;
    for (Concept x : list(c)) if (checkConceptFields(x, params)) ++n;
    return n;
  }

  int countConcepts() {
    return l(concepts);
  }
  
  synchronized void addConceptIndex(IConceptIndex index) {
    if (conceptIndices == null)
      conceptIndices = new ArrayList();
    conceptIndices.add(index);
  }
  
  synchronized void removeConceptIndex(IConceptIndex index) {
    if (conceptIndices == null) return;
    conceptIndices.remove(index);
    if (empty(conceptIndices)) conceptIndices = null;
  }
  
  synchronized void addFieldIndex(Class<? extends Concept> c, String field, IFieldIndex index) {
    if (fieldIndices == null)
      fieldIndices = new HashMap();
    Map<String, IFieldIndex> map = fieldIndices.get(c);
    if (map == null)
      fieldIndices.put(c, map = new HashMap());
    map.put(field, index);
  }
  
  synchronized IFieldIndex getFieldIndex(Class<? extends Concept> c, String field) {
    if (fieldIndices == null) return null;
    Map<String, IFieldIndex> map = fieldIndices.get(c);
    return map == null ? null : map.get(field);
  }
  
  synchronized void addCIFieldIndex(Class<? extends Concept> c, String field, IFieldIndex index) {
    if (ciFieldIndices == null)
      ciFieldIndices = new HashMap();
    Map<String, IFieldIndex> map = ciFieldIndices.get(c);
    if (map == null)
      ciFieldIndices.put(c, map = new HashMap());
    map.put(field, index);
  }
  
  synchronized IFieldIndex getCIFieldIndex(Class<? extends Concept> c, String field) {
    if (ciFieldIndices == null) return null;
    Map<String, IFieldIndex> map = ciFieldIndices.get(c);
    return map == null ? null : map.get(field);
  }
  
  // inter-process methods
  
  RC xnew(String name, Object... values) {
    return new RC(cnew(name, values));
  }
  
  void xset(long id, String field, Object value) {
    xset(new RC(id), field, value);
  }
  
  void xset(RC c, String field, Object value) {
    if (value instanceof RC)
      value = getConcept((RC) value);
    cset(getConcept(c), field, value);
  }
  
  Object xget(long id, String field) {
    return xget(new RC(id), field);
  }
  
  Object xget(RC c, String field) {
    return xgetPost(cget(getConcept(c), field));
  }
  
  Object xgetPost(Object o) {
    o = deref(o);
    if (o instanceof Concept)
      return new RC((Concept) o);
    return o;
  }
  
  void xdelete(long id) {
    xdelete(new RC(id));
  }
  
  void xdelete(RC c) {
    getConcept(c).delete();
  }
  
  void xdelete(List<RC> l) {
    for (RC c : l)
      xdelete(c);
  }
  
  List<RC> xlist() {
    return map("toPassRef", allConcepts());
  }
  
  List<RC> xlist(String className) {
    return map("toPassRef", conceptsOfType(className));
  }
  
  boolean isTransient() { return eq(programID, "-"); }
  
  String xfullgrab() {
    if (noXFullGrab) throw fail("no xfullgrab (DB too large)");
    Lock __1 = lock(); lock(__1); try {
    if (changes == changesWritten && !isTransient())
      return loadConceptsStructure(programID);
    return fullStructure();
  } finally { unlock(__1); } }
  
  /* dev.
  Either<File, byte[]> xfullgrabGZipped() {
    lock lock();
    if (changes == changesWritten && !isTransient())
      ret loadConceptsStructure(programID);
    ret fullStructure();
  }*/
  
  void xshutdown() {
    // Killing whole VM if someone wants this DB to shut down
    cleanKillVM();
  }
  
  long xchangeCount() { return changes; }
  int xcount() { return countConcepts(); }
  
  void register(Concept c) {
    ping();
    if (c._concepts == this) return;
    if (c._concepts != null) throw fail("Can't re-register");
    c.id = internalID();
    c.created = now();
    if (modifyOnCreate) c._setModified(c.created);
    register_phase2(c);
  }
  
  void register_phase2(Concept c) {
    c._concepts = this;
    concepts.put((long) c.id, c);
    for (Concept.Ref r : unnull(c.refs))
      r.index();
    c.change();
  }
  
  void registerKeepingID(Concept c) {
    if (c._concepts == this) return;
    if (c._concepts != null) throw fail("Can't re-register");
    c._concepts = this;
    concepts.put((long) c.id, c);
    c.change();
  }
  
  void conceptChanged(Concept c) {
    allChanged();
    if (conceptIndices != null)
      for (IConceptIndex index : conceptIndices)
        index.update(c);
  }
  
  boolean hasUnsavedData() {
    return changes != changesWritten || savingConcepts;
  }
  
  synchronized Object miscMapGet(Object key) {
    return mapGet(miscMap, key);
  }
  
  synchronized Object miscMapPut(Object key, Object value) {
    if (miscMap == null) miscMap = new HashMap();
    return miscMap.put(key, value);
  }
  
  synchronized void miscMapRemove(Object key) {
    mapRemove(miscMap, key);
  }
  
  // Note: auto-typing can fool you, make sure create returns
  // a wide enough type
  synchronized <A> A miscMapGetOrCreate(Object key, IF0<A> create) {
    if (containsKey(miscMap, key)) return (A) miscMap.get(key);
    A value = create.get();
    miscMapPut(key, value);
    return value;
  }
  
  void setParent(Concepts parent) {
    this.parent = parent;
  }
} // end of Concepts

static class Concept extends DynamicObject {
  transient Concepts _concepts; // Where we belong
  long id;
  long created, _modified;
  List<Ref> refs;
  List<Ref> backRefs;
  
  // used only internally (cnew)
  Concept(String className) {
    super(className);
    _created();
  }
  
  Concept() {
    if (!_loading()) {
      //className = shortClassName(this); // XXX - necessary?
      //print("New concept of type " + className);
      _created();
    }
  }
  
  Concept(boolean unlisted) {
    if (!unlisted) _created();
  }
  
  public String toString() {
    return shortDynamicClassName(this) + " " + id;
  }
  
  static boolean loading() { return _loading(); }
  static boolean _loading() { return dynamicObjectIsLoading(); }

  void _created() {
    if (!concepts_unlistedByDefault && !eq(concepts_unlisted.get(), true))
      db_mainConcepts().register(this);
  }
  
  /*void put(S field, O value) {
    fieldValues.put(field, value);
    change();
  }
  
  O get(S field) {
    ret fieldValues.get(field);
  }*/
  
  class Ref<A extends Concept> implements Derefable, IF0<A> {
    A value;
    
    Ref() {
      if (!dynamicObjectIsLoading())
        registerRef();
    }
    
    void registerRef() {
      vmBus_send("registeringConceptRef",this);
      refs = addDyn_quickSync(refs, this);
    }
    
    Ref(A value) {
  this.value = value;
      registerRef();
      index();
    }
    
    // get owning concept (source)
    Concept concept() {
      return Concept.this;
    }
    
    // get target
    public A get() { return value; }
    boolean has() { return value != null; }
    
    boolean set(A a) {
      if (a == value) return false;
      unindex();
      value = a;
      index();
      return true;
    }
    
    void set(Ref<A> ref) { set(ref.get()); }
    void clear() { set((A) null); }
    
    boolean validRef() {
      return value != null && _concepts != null && _concepts == value._concepts;
    }
    
    // TODO: sync all the indexing and unindexing!?
    void index() { 
      if (validRef()) {
        value._addBackRef(this);
        change();
      }
    }
    
    Ref<A> unindex() {
      if (validRef()) {
        value._removeBackRef(this);
        change();
      }
      return this;
    }
    
    void unindexAndDrop() {
      unindex();
      _removeRef(this);
    }
    
    void change() {
      Concept.this.change();
    }
    
    public String toString() { return str(value); }
  }
  
  class RefL<A extends Concept> extends AbstractList<A> {
    List<Ref<A>> l = new ArrayList();
    
    RefL() {}
    RefL(List<A> l) { replaceWithList(l); }
    
    public void clear() {
      while (!isEmpty()) removeLast(this);
    }
    
    public void replaceWithList(List<A> l) {
      clear();
      for (A a : unnull(l)) add(a);
    }
    
    public A set(int i, A o) {
      Ref<A> ref = syncGet(l, i);
      A prev = ref.get();
      ref.set(o);
      return prev;
    }
    
    public void add(int i, A o) {
      syncAdd(l, i, new Ref(o));
    }
    
    public A get(int i) {
      return syncGet(l, i).get();
    }
    
    public A remove(int i) {
      return syncRemove(l, i).get();
    }
    
    public int size() {
      return syncL(l);
    }
    
    public boolean contains(Object o) {
      if (o instanceof Concept)
        for (Ref<A> r : l) if (eq(r.get(), o)) return true;
      return super.contains(o);
    }
  }
  
  void delete() {
    //name = "[defunct " + name + "]";
    //defunct = true;
    //energy = 0;
    
    // clean refs
    
    for (Ref r : unnull(refs))
      r.unindex();
    refs = null;
    
    // set back refs to null
    
    for (Ref r : cloneList(backRefs))
      r.set((Concept) null);
    backRefs = null;
    
    if (_concepts != null) {
      _concepts.concepts.remove((long) id);
      _concepts.allChanged();
      if (_concepts.conceptIndices != null)
        for (IConceptIndex index : _concepts.conceptIndices)
          index.remove(this);
      _concepts = null;
    }
    id = 0;
  }
  
  BaseXRef export() {
    return new BaseXRef(_concepts.progID(), id);
  }
  
  // notice system of a change in this object
  void change() {
    _setModified(now());
    _change_withoutUpdatingModifiedField();
  }
  
  void _setModified(long modified) {
    _modified = modified;
  }
  
  void _change_withoutUpdatingModifiedField() {
    if (_concepts != null) _concepts.conceptChanged(this);
  }
  
  void _change() { change(); }
  
  String _programID() {
    return _concepts == null ? getDBProgramID() : _concepts.progID();
  }
  
  // overridable
  
  void _addBackRef(Concept.Ref ref) {
    backRefs = addDyn_quickSync(backRefs, ref);
    _backRefsModified();
  }
  
  void _backRefsModified() {
    if (_concepts != null && _concepts.modifyOnBackRef) change();
  }
  
  void _removeBackRef(Concept.Ref ref) {
    backRefs = removeDyn_quickSync(backRefs, ref);
    _backRefsModified();
  }
  
  void _removeRef(Concept.Ref ref) {
    refs = removeDyn_quickSync(refs, ref);
  }
  
  // convenience methods
  
  void _setField(String field, Object value) {
    cset(this, field, value);
  }
  
  void _setFields(Object... values) {
    cset(this, values);
  }
  
  Concepts concepts() { return _concepts; }
  
  boolean isDeleted() { return id == 0; }
  
  void _doneLoading2() {
    Map<String, FieldMigration> map = _fieldMigrations();
    if (map != null) for (Map.Entry<? extends String, ? extends FieldMigration> __0 : _entrySet( map))
      { String oldField = __0.getKey(); FieldMigration m = __0.getValue();  crenameField_noOverwrite(this, oldField, m.newField); }
  }
  
  static class FieldMigration implements IFieldsToList{
  String newField;
  FieldMigration() {}
  FieldMigration(String newField) {
  this.newField = newField;}
  public String toString() { return shortClassName(this) + "(" + newField + ")"; }

public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (!(o instanceof FieldMigration)) return false;
    FieldMigration __4 =  (FieldMigration) o;
    return eq(newField, __4.newField);
}

  public int hashCode() {
    int h = 558692372;
    h = boostHashCombine(h, _hashCode(newField));
    return h;
  }
  public Object[] _fieldsToList() { return new Object[] {newField}; }
}
  
  // value is 
  Map<String, FieldMigration> _fieldMigrations() { return null; }
} // end of Concept

// remote reference (for inter-process communication or
// external databases). Formerly "PassRef".
// prepared for string ids if we do them later
static class RC {
  transient Object owner;
  String id;
  
  RC() {} // make serialisation happy
  RC(long id) { this.id = str(id); }
  RC(Object owner, long id) { this.id = str(id); this.owner = owner; }
  RC(Concept c) { this(c.id); }
  long longID() { return parseLong(id); }
  
  public String toString() {
    return id;
  }

  transient RemoteDB db;
  
  String getString(String field) { return db.xS(this, field); }
  Object get(String field) { return db.xget(this, field); }
  void set(String field, Object value) { db.xset(this, field, value); }

}

// Reference to a concept in another program
static class BaseXRef {
  String programID;
  long id;
    
  BaseXRef() {}
  BaseXRef(String programID, long id) {
  this.id = id;
  this.programID = programID;}
  
  public boolean equals(Object o) {
    if (!(o instanceof BaseXRef)) return false;
    BaseXRef r =  (BaseXRef) o;
    return eq(programID, r.programID) && eq(id, r.id);
  }
  
  public int hashCode() {
    return programID.hashCode() + (int) id;
  }
}

// BaseXRef as a concept
static class XRef extends Concept {
  BaseXRef ref;
  
  XRef() {}
  XRef(BaseXRef ref) {
  this.ref = ref; _doneLoading2(); }
  
  // after we have been added to concepts
  void _doneLoading2() {
    getIndex().put(ref, this);
  }
    
  HashMap<BaseXRef, XRef> getIndex() {
    return getXRefIndex(_concepts);
  }
}

static synchronized HashMap<BaseXRef, XRef> getXRefIndex(Concepts concepts) {
  HashMap cache = (HashMap) concepts.perClassData().get(XRef.class);
  if (cache == null)
    concepts.perClassData.put(XRef.class, cache = new HashMap());
  return cache;
}

// uses mainConcepts
static XRef lookupOrCreateXRef(BaseXRef ref) {
  XRef xref = getXRefIndex(db_mainConcepts()).get(ref);
  if (xref == null)
    xref = new XRef(ref);
  return xref;
}

// define standard concept functions to use main concepts

// Now in db_mainConcepts()
/*static void cleanMeUp_concepts() {
  if (db_mainConcepts() != null) db_mainConcepts().cleanMeUp();
  // mainConcepts = null; // TODO
}*/

static void loadAndAutoSaveConcepts() {
  db_mainConcepts().persist();
}

static void loadAndAutoSaveConcepts(int interval) {
  db_mainConcepts().persist(interval);
}

static RC toPassRef(Concept c) {
  return new RC(c);
}

// so we can instantiate the program to run as a bare DB bot
static void concepts_setUnlistedByDefault(boolean b) {
  concepts_unlistedByDefault = b;
}// immutable, has strong refs
final static class _MethodCache {
  final Class c;
  final HashMap<String, List<Method>> cache = new HashMap();
  
  _MethodCache(Class c) {
  this.c = c; _init(); }
  
  void _init() {
    Class _c = c;
    while (_c != null) {
      for (Method m : _c.getDeclaredMethods())
        if (!isAbstract(m) && !reflection_isForbiddenMethod(m))
          multiMapPut(cache, m.getName(), makeAccessible(m));
      _c = _c.getSuperclass();
    }
    
    // add default methods - this might lead to a duplication
    // because the overridden method is also added, but it's not
    // a problem except for minimal performance loss.
    for (Class intf : allInterfacesImplementedBy(c))
      for (Method m : intf.getDeclaredMethods())
        if (m.isDefault() && !reflection_isForbiddenMethod(m))
          multiMapPut(cache, m.getName(), makeAccessible(m));

    
  }
  
  // Returns only matching methods
  Method findMethod(String method, Object[] args) { try {
    List<Method> m = cache.get(method);
    
    if (m == null) return null;
    int n = m.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      Method me = m.get(i);
      if (call_checkArgs(me, args, false))
        return me;
    }
    return null;
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  Method findStaticMethod(String method, Object[] args) { try {
    List<Method> m = cache.get(method);
    if (m == null) return null;
    int n = m.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      Method me = m.get(i);
      if (isStaticMethod(me) && call_checkArgs(me, args, false))
        return me;
    }
    return null;
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
}static abstract class VF1<A> implements IVF1<A> {
  public abstract void get(A a);
}abstract static class DynPrintLog extends DynModule {
  transient JFastLogView_noWrap printLogView;
  transient Lock updatePrintLog_lock = lock();
  transient StringBuffer actualPrintLog;
  transient int printLogUpdateInterval = 500;
  
  public JComponent visualize() {
    JComponent section = jSection("Log",
      jscroll_copyBackground(printLogView = jFastLogView_noWrap(getPrintLog())));
    componentPopupMenuItem(section, "Clear", new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {   AutoCloseable __3 = enter(); try {  dm_clearModulePrintLog(); 
} finally { _close(__3); }} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "temp enter();  dm_clearModulePrintLog();"; }});
    return awtEvery(section, printLogUpdateInterval, new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  updatePrintLog(); 
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "updatePrintLog();"; }});
  }
  
  void updatePrintLog() { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    // TODO: optimize
    Lock __0 = updatePrintLog_lock; lock(__0); try {
    JFastLogView_noWrap _view = printLogView;
    if (_view == null) return;
    if (_view.setText(getPrintLog())) {
      // Still trying to reliably scroll down
      scrollAllTheWayDown(_view);
      awtLater(100, new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  scrollAllTheWayDown(_view) ;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "scrollAllTheWayDown(_view)"; }});
    }
  } finally { unlock(__0); } 
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "// TODO: optimize\r\n    Lock __0 = updatePrintLog_lock; lock(__0); try {\r\n    ..."; }}); }
  
  JFastLogView_noWrap myPrintLogComponent() { return printLogView; }
  
  void enableWordWrap() { // TODO
  }
  
  String getPrintLog() {
    if (actualPrintLog == null) {
      if (printToModule())
        actualPrintLog = _printLog;
      else
        actualPrintLog = liveLocalPrintLog_realMC(this);
    }
    return str(actualPrintLog);
  }
}static class Matches {
  String[] m;
  
  Matches() {}
  Matches(String... m) {
  this.m = m;}
  
  String get(int i) { return i < m.length ? m[i] : null; }
  String unq(int i) { return unquote(get(i)); }
  
  String tlc(int i) { return unq(i).toLowerCase(); }
  boolean bool(int i) { return "true".equals(unq(i)); }
  String rest() { return m[m.length-1]; } // for matchStart
  int psi(int i) { return Integer.parseInt(unq(i)); }
  
  public String toString() { return "Matches(" + joinWithComma(quoteAll(asList(m))) + ")"; }
  
  public int hashCode() { return _hashCode(toList(m)); }
  public boolean equals(Object o) { return o instanceof Matches && arraysEqual(m, ((Matches) o).m); }
}
static class Var<A> implements IVar<A> {
  Var() {}
  Var(A v) {
  this.v = v;}

  
  A v; // you can access this directly if you use one thread
  
  public synchronized void set(A a) {
    if (v != a) {
      v = a;
      notifyAll();
    }
  }
  
  public synchronized A get() { return v; }
  public synchronized boolean has() { return v != null; }
  public synchronized void clear() { v = null; }
  
  public String toString() { return str(get()); }
}// persistable and synchronized
static class MRUAndAllTimeTop<A> {
  Map<A, Boolean> mru = syncMRUCache(10); // most recently used
  MultiSet<A> allTimeTop = new MultiSet();
  int size;
  
  // increase a's score in all time top and move to front int MRU
  void add(A a) {
    mru.remove(a); // force re-insertion
    mru.put(a, true);
    allTimeTop.add(a);
  }
  
  void addAll(Iterable<A> l) { for (A a : unnull(l)) add(a); }
  
  // may count elements twice
  int size() {
    return l(mru) + allTimeTop.uniqueSize();
  }
  
  // interleave latest and most often accessed elements
  IterableIterator<A> mixedIterator() {
    return uniqueIterator(roundRobinCombinedIterator(
      reversedIterator(keysList(mru)),
      iterator(allTimeTop.highestFirst())));
  }
}static interface ITokCondition {
  boolean get(List<String> tok, int i); // i = N Index
}static abstract class TokCondition {
  abstract boolean get(List<String> tok, int i); // i = N Index
}static abstract class F0<A> {
  abstract A get();
}static abstract class F1<A, B> {
  abstract B get(A a);
}// elements are put to front when added (not when accessed)
static class MRUCache<A, B> extends LinkedHashMap<A, B> {
  int maxSize = 10;

  MRUCache() {}
  MRUCache(int maxSize) {
  this.maxSize = maxSize;}
  
  protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry eldest) {
    return size() > maxSize;
  }
  
  Object _serialize() {
    return ll(maxSize, cloneLinkedHashMap(this));
  }
  
  static MRUCache _deserialize(List l) {
    MRUCache m = new MRUCache();
    m.maxSize = (int) first(l);
    m.putAll((LinkedHashMap) second(l));
    return m;
  }
}static interface IF0<A> {
  A get();
}static interface IF2<A, B, C> {
  C get(A a, B b);
}static interface Producer<A> {
  public A next(); // null when end
}static ThreadLocal<Boolean> DynamicObject_loading = new ThreadLocal();

static class DynamicObject {
  String className; // just the name, without the "main$"
  LinkedHashMap<String, Object> fieldValues;
  
  DynamicObject() {}
  // className = just the name, without the "main$"
  DynamicObject(String className) {
  this.className = className;}
  
  Map<String, Object> _map() { return fieldValues; }
  
  public String toString() {
    return getClass() == DynamicObject.class ? "dyn " + className
      : super.toString();
  }
}static interface IF1<A, B> {
  B get(A a);
}static interface IResourceLoader {
  String loadSnippet(String snippetID);
  String getTranspiled(String snippetID); // with libs
  int getSnippetType(String snippetID);
  String getSnippetTitle(String snippetID);
  File loadLibrary(String snippetID);
  
  default File pathToJavaXJar() { return pathToJavaxJar_noResourceLoader(); }
  
  // may return null, then caller compiles themselves
  default File getSnippetJar(String snippetID, String transpiledSrc) { return null; }
}static class PersistableThrowable {
  String className;
  String msg;
  String stacktrace;
  
  PersistableThrowable() {}
  PersistableThrowable(Throwable e) {
    if (e == null)
      className = "Crazy Null Error";
    else {
      className = getClassName(e).replace('/', '.');
      msg = e.getMessage();
      stacktrace = getStackTrace_noRecord(e);
    }
  }
  
  public String toString() {
    return nempty(msg) ? className + ": " + msg : className;
  }
}static interface IVF1<A> {
  void get(A a);
}static class proxy_InvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
  Object target;
  
  proxy_InvocationHandler() {}
  proxy_InvocationHandler(Object target) {
  this.target = target;}
  
  public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) {
    return call(target, method.getName(), unnull(args));
  }
}static interface IVar<A> extends IF0<A> {
  void set(A a);
  A get();
  
  default boolean has() { return get() != null; }
  default void clear() { set(null); }
  
}static class Pair<A, B> implements Comparable<Pair<A, B>> {
  A a;
  B b;

  Pair() {}
  Pair(A a, B b) {
  this.b = b;
  this.a = a;}
  
  public int hashCode() {
    return hashCodeFor(a) + 2*hashCodeFor(b);
  }
  
  public boolean equals(Object o) {
    if (o == this) return true;
    if (!(o instanceof Pair)) return false;
    Pair t = (Pair) o;
    return eq(a, t.a) && eq(b, t.b);
  }
  
  public String toString() {
    return "<" + a + ", " + b + ">";
  }
  
  public int compareTo(Pair<A, B> p) {
    if (p == null) return 1;
    int i = ((Comparable<A>) a).compareTo(p.a);
    if (i != 0) return i;
    return ((Comparable<B>) b).compareTo(p.b);
  }
}

static interface IFieldsToList {
  Object[] _fieldsToList();
}// the lockFile must be a file separate from any data files.
// It is created & deleted by this class, and will always have
// size 0.
static class FileBasedLock implements AutoCloseable {
  File lockFile;
  double timeout = 60.0; // in seconds. refresh happens twice as often
  boolean verbose = false;
  boolean haveLock = false;
  java.util.Timer touchTimer;
  
  FileBasedLock() {}
  FileBasedLock(File lockFile) {
  this.lockFile = lockFile;}
  FileBasedLock(File lockFile, double timeout) {
  this.timeout = timeout;
  this.lockFile = lockFile;}
  
  // returns true iff lock was acquired (or kept)
  synchronized boolean tryToLock() {
    if (haveLock) return true;
    
    if (fileExists(lockFile)) {
      double age = fileAgeInSeconds(lockFile);
      if (verbose) print("Lock file age: " + lockFile + " = " + iround(age) + " s");
      if (age >= timeout) {
        print("Deleting old lock file (program crashed?): " + lockFile + " (age: " + iround(age) + " seconds)");
        deleteFile(lockFile);
      }
    }
    
    try {
      mkdirsForFile(lockFile);
      java.nio.file.Files.createFile(toPath(lockFile));
      acquired();
      return true;
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      printExceptionShort("Can't lock", e);
      return false;
    }
  }
  
  private void acquired() {
    haveLock = true;
    startTouchTimer();
  }
  
  void forceLock() { try {
    print("Force-locking " + lockFile);
    touchFile(lockFile); // make or touch file
    acquired();
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  String lockError() {
    return "Couldn't aquire lock file: " + lockFile;
  }
  
  void lockOrFail() {
    if (!tryToLock())
      throw fail(lockError());
  }
  
  synchronized void startTouchTimer() {
    if (touchTimer != null) return;
    double interval = timeout/2;
    touchTimer = doEvery(interval, new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  doTouch(); 
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "doTouch();"; }});
    if (verbose) print("Touch timer started for " + lockFile +  " (" + interval + "s)");
  }

  synchronized void doTouch() {
    if (haveLock) {
      if (verbose) print("Touching lock file: " + lockFile);
      touchExistingFile(lockFile);
    }
  }
     
  public synchronized void close() { try {
    { cleanUp(touchTimer); touchTimer = null; }
    if (haveLock) {
      haveLock = false;
      if (verbose) print("Deleting lock file: " + lockFile);
      deleteFile(lockFile);
    }
  } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }}
  
  synchronized void _simulateCrash() {
    { cleanUp(touchTimer); touchTimer = null; }
  }
}static interface IConceptCounter {
  Class<? extends Concept> conceptClass();
  int countConcepts();
  Collection<Concept> allConcepts();
}static class JFastLogView_noWrap extends JComponent implements Scrollable {
  List<String> lines = syncList();
  boolean endsWithNewLine, verbose;
  
  public Dimension getPreferredScrollableViewportSize() { return getPreferredSize(); }
    
  public int getScrollableUnitIncrement(Rectangle visibleRect, int orientation, int direction) { return 20; }

  public int getScrollableBlockIncrement(Rectangle visibleRect, int orientation, int direction) {
    return (direction == SwingConstants.HORIZONTAL ? visibleRect.width : visibleRect.height)*5/6;
  }

  public boolean getScrollableTracksViewportWidth() { return false; }
  public boolean getScrollableTracksViewportHeight() { return false; }
    
  public void paint(Graphics g) {
    //if (verbose) _print("JFastLogView_noWrap painting");
    int w = getWidth(), h = getHeight();
    g.setColor(getBackground());
    g.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
    g.setColor(getForeground());
    FontMetrics fm = componentFontMetrics(this);
    int fh = fm.getHeight();
    Rectangle clip = g.getClipBounds();
    int start, end;
    if (clip == null) { start = 0; end = l(lines); }
    else {
      start = max(0, clip.y/fh);
      end = min(l(lines), idiv_ceil(clip.y+clip.height, fh));
    }
    //printVars(+start, +end);
    int y = fm.getAscent()+start*fh;
    for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
      String s = get(lines, i);
      if (s != null) g.drawString(s, 0, y);
      y += fh;
    }
    //if (verbose) _print("JFastLogView_noWrap painted");
  }
  
  public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
    FontMetrics fm = componentFontMetrics(this);
    if (fm == null) return new Dimension(50, 50); // not renderable yet
    int fh = fm.getHeight();
    int w = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < l(lines); i++) {
      String s = get(lines, i);
      w = max(w, fm.stringWidth(unnull(s))); // TODO: just count chars
    }
    return new Dimension(w, fh*l(lines));
  }
  
  JFastLogView_noWrap() {}
  JFastLogView_noWrap(String text) { setText(text); }
  
  {
    componentPopupMenuItem(this, "Copy full text", new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  copyFullText(); 
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "copyFullText();"; }});
  }
  
  // API
  
  // returns true if changed
  boolean setLines(Collection<String> lines) {
    List<String> newList = asSyncList(lines);
    if (eq(this.lines, newList)) return false;
    this.lines = newList;
    _revalidate(this);
    return true;
  }
  
  // returns true if changed
  boolean setText(String text) {
    endsWithNewLine = endsWithNewLine(text);
    return setLines(lines(text));
  }
  
  void append(String text) {
    if (nempty(text)) setText(getText() + text);
  }
  
  String getText() {
    return lines_rtrimIf(!endsWithNewLine, cloneList(lines));
  }
  
  void copyFullText() {
    copyTextToClipboard(getText());
  }
}// you still need to implement hasNext() and next()
static abstract class IterableIterator<A> implements Iterator<A>, Iterable<A> {
  public Iterator<A> iterator() {
    return this;
  }
  
  public void remove() {
    unsupportedOperation();
  }
}// uses HashMap by default
static class MultiSet<A> {
  Map<A, Integer> map = new HashMap();
  int size; // now maintaining a size counter
  
  MultiSet(boolean useTreeMap) {
    if (useTreeMap) map = new TreeMap();
  }
  MultiSet() {}
  MultiSet(Iterable<A> c) { addAll(c); }
  MultiSet(MultiSet<A> ms) { synchronized(ms) {
    for (A a : ms.keySet()) add(a, ms.get(a));
  }}
  
  // returns new count
  synchronized int add(A key) { return add(key, 1); }
  
  synchronized void addAll(Iterable<A> c) {
    if (c != null) for (A a : c) add(a);
  }

  synchronized void addAll(MultiSet<A> ms) {
    for (A a : ms.keySet()) add(a, ms.get(a));
  }
  
  synchronized int add(A key, int count) {
    if (count <= 0) return 0; // don't calculate return value in this case
    size += count;
    Integer i = map.get(key);
    map.put(key, i != null ? (count += i) : count);
    return count;
  }

  synchronized void put(A key, int count) {
    int oldCount = get(key);
    if (count == oldCount) return;
    size += count-oldCount;
    if (count != 0)
      map.put(key, count);
    else
      map.remove(key);
  }

  synchronized int get(A key) {
    Integer i = map.get(key);
    return i != null ? i : 0;
  }
  
  synchronized boolean contains(A key) {
    return map.containsKey(key);
  }

  synchronized void remove(A key) {
    Integer i = map.get(key);
    if (i != null) {
      --size;
      if (i > 1)
        map.put(key, i - 1);
      else
        map.remove(key);
    }
  }

  synchronized List<A> topTen() { return getTopTen(); }
  
  synchronized List<A> getTopTen() { return getTopTen(10); }
  synchronized List<A> getTopTen(int maxSize) {
    List<A> list = getSortedListDescending();
    return list.size() > maxSize ? list.subList(0, maxSize) : list;
  }
  
  synchronized List<A> highestFirst() {
    return getSortedListDescending();
  }

  synchronized List<A> lowestFirst() {
    return reversedList(getSortedListDescending());
  }

  synchronized List<A> getSortedListDescending() {
    List<A> list = new ArrayList<A>(map.keySet());
    Collections.sort(list, new Comparator<A>() {
      public int compare(A a, A b) {
        return map.get(b).compareTo(map.get(a));
      }
    });
    return list;
  }

  synchronized int getNumberOfUniqueElements() {
    return map.size();
  }
  
  synchronized int uniqueSize() {
    return map.size();
  }

  synchronized Set<A> asSet() {
    return map.keySet();
  }

  synchronized NavigableSet<A> navigableSet() {
    return navigableKeys((NavigableMap) map);
  }

  synchronized Set<A> keySet() {
    return map.keySet();
  }
  
  synchronized A getMostPopularEntry() {
    int max = 0;
    A a = null;
    for (Map.Entry<A,Integer> entry : map.entrySet()) {
      if (entry.getValue() > max) {
        max = entry.getValue();
        a = entry.getKey();
      }
    }
    return a;
  }

  synchronized void removeAll(A key) {
    size -= get(key);
    map.remove(key);
  }

  synchronized int size() {
    return size;
  }

  synchronized MultiSet<A> mergeWith(MultiSet<A> set) {
    MultiSet<A> result = new MultiSet<A>();
    for (A a : set.asSet()) {
      result.add(a, set.get(a));
    }
    return result;
  }
  
  synchronized boolean isEmpty() {
    return map.isEmpty();
  }
  
  synchronized public String toString() { // hmm. sync this?
    return str(map);
  }
  
  synchronized void clear() {
    map.clear();
    size = 0;
  }
  
  synchronized Map<A, Integer> asMap() {
    return cloneMap(map);
  }
}static abstract class DynModule {
  // we really shouldn't have used up these variable names
  // (subclasses can't overload them due to how the persistence works)
  String name, toolTip; // module name, module tool tip in task bar
  
  PersistableThrowable _error;
  Map<String, Collection<String>> mechLists;
  Map<String, Boolean> _persistenceInfo;
  
  transient Object _host;
  transient Map<Object, Object> timers = newWeakHashMap(); // all kinds of resources actually; value is closer helper
  transient Set<AutoCloseable> _resources = synchroHashSet();
  transient Lock lock; // set by stem
  transient boolean persistOnChangedField = true;
  transient int changeCount;
  transient Object changeCountSync = new Object();
  transient List onChange;
  transient List onTransientChange;
  transient boolean verboseTimers = false;
  transient ReliableSingleThread rstUpdate;
  transient Set<String> componentFieldsToKeep;
  transient Map<String, Object> transientGeneralMap = synchroHashMap();
  transient Q q; // module command queue
  transient List onFieldChange; // also for non-persistent fields. L<voidfunc(S field)>
  transient boolean _hasPreviousBounds = false;
  transient StringBuffer _printLog = new StringBuffer();
  transient boolean deleted = false;
  
  DynModule() {
    dm_initErrorHandling();
    setMainDesktopPane((JDesktopPane) getCreatorOpt("desktop"));
  }
  
  boolean isVisible() { return isTrue(getOpt(_host, "visible")); }
  
  String moduleName() { return name; }
  
  void setModuleName(String name) {
    String oldName = this.name;
    if (!eq(name, oldName)) {
      setField("name", name);
      possiblyInternalFrameTitle(vis(), name);
      vmBus_send("moduleNameChange", this, oldName, name);
    }
  }
  
  void setModuleToolTip(String toolTip) {
    this.toolTip = toolTip;
  }
  
  JComponent vis() {
    return (JComponent) getOpt(_host, "vis");
  }
  
  <A extends AutoCloseable> A ownResource(A a) {
    if (a != null)
      _resources.add(a);
    return a;
  }
  
  <A> A ownTimer(A timer) {
    if (timer instanceof AutoCloseable) ownResource((AutoCloseable) timer);
    ownTimer(timer, "cancelTimerOrInterruptThread");
    return timer;
  }
  
  void ownTimer(Object timer, Object closerHelper) {
    timers.put(timer, closerHelper);
  }
  
  void singleTimer(java.util.Timer timer) {
    stopAllTimers();
    ownTimer(timer);
  }
  
  void stopAllTimers() {
    for (AutoCloseable resource : getAndClearList(_resources)) {
      if (verboseTimers)
        print("Releasing resource: " + resource);
      try { resource.close(); } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }
    }
      
    for (Map.Entry<? extends Object, ? extends Object> __0 : _entrySet( getAndClearMap(timers))) { Object timer = __0.getKey(); Object closerHelper = __0.getValue(); 
      if (verboseTimers)
        print("Stopping timer: " + closerHelper + " / " + timer);
      pcallFInRealOrMyMC(this, closerHelper, timer);
    }
  }
  
  boolean isDeleted() { return deleted; }
  boolean deleted() { return deleted; }
  
  void cleanMeUp_dynModule() {
    deleted = true;
    stopAllTimers();
  }
  
  void persistMe() {
    synchronized(changeCountSync) { ++changeCount; }
    pcallFAll(onChange); callOpt(_host, "_change");
    updateMe();
  }
  
  void fireChangeWithoutPersisting() {
    pcallFAll(onChange);
  }
  
  void fireTransientChange() {
    pcallFAll(onTransientChange);
  }
  
  void _change() { persistMe(); }
  void change() { persistMe(); }
  
  void updateMe() {
    rstUpdate().trigger();
  }
  
  void changeAndUpdate() { _change(); updateMe(); }
  
  boolean setField_noPersist(String name, Object value) {
    return setField(name, value, true);
  }
  
  boolean setField(String name, Object value) { return setField(name, value, false); }
boolean setField(String name, Object value, boolean noPersist) {  AutoCloseable __5 = enter(); try {
    try { // some really weird classes fail on equals() (BCEL JavaClass, I'm looking at you)
      if (eq(get(this, name), value)) return false;
    } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }
    return setField_noCheck(name, value, noPersist);
  } finally { _close(__5); }}
    
  // always set even if equal
  // TODO: why are we not checking for transistentness?
  boolean setField_noCheck(String name, Object value) { return setField_noCheck(name, value, false); }
boolean setField_noCheck(String name, Object value, boolean noPersist) {  AutoCloseable __6 = enter(); try {
    set(this, name, value);
    pcallFAll(onFieldChange, name);
    if (!noPersist && persistOnChangedField
      //&& !isTransientField(this, name)
      && !isFalse(mapGet(_persistenceInfo, name)))
      _change();
    return true;
  } finally { _close(__6); }}
  
  <A> A setFieldAndReturn(String name, A value) {
    setField(name, value);
    return value;
  }
  
  boolean setFields(Object... params) {
    boolean change = false;
    for (int i = 0; i < l(params); i += 2)
      if (setField((String) params[i], params[i+1])) change = true;
    return change;
  }
  
  void start() {
    _hasPreviousBounds = dm_getBounds() != null;
    if (hasMethod_onTypes(this, "onTopInput", String.class))
      dm_onTopInput_q(new VF1<String>() { public void get(String s) { try {  call(module(), "onTopInput", s) ; } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "call(module(), 'onTopInput, s)"; }});
  }
  
  void revisualize() {
    call(creator(), "revisualizeModule", _host);
  }
  
  AutoCloseable enter() {
    AutoCloseable c = tempSetThreadLocal(dm_currentModule_value, new WeakReference(this));
    final Object realMC = getMainClass(this);
    if (printToModule())
      c = combineAutoCloseables(c, tempInterceptPrintIfNotIntercepted(_printToModuleInterceptor()));
    if (realMC != mc()) {
      if (printToModule())
        c = combineAutoCloseables(c, (AutoCloseable) callOpt(realMC, "tempInterceptPrintIfNotIntercepted", _printToModuleInterceptor()));
      else
        c = combineAutoCloseables(c, tempInterceptPrintIfNotIntercepted(new F1<String, Boolean>() { public Boolean get(String s) { try { 
          { call(realMC, "print", s); return false; }
         } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret false with call(realMC, 'print, s);"; }}));
      c = combineAutoCloseables(c, tempSetTL(realMC_tl(), realMC));
    }
    return c;
  }
  
  F1<String, Boolean> _printToModuleInterceptor() {
    return new F1<String, Boolean>() { public Boolean get(String s) { try { 
      if (print_preprocess != null) s = (String) callF(print_preprocess, s);
      s = fixNewLines(s);
      Appendable loc = _printLog;
      Appendable buf = print_log;
      int loc_max = print_log_max;
      if (buf != loc && buf != null) {
        print_append(buf, s, print_log_max);
        loc_max = local_log_max;
      }
      if (loc != null) 
        print_append(loc, s, loc_max);
      System.out.print(s);
      return false;
     } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "if (print_preprocess != null) s = (S) callF(print_preprocess, s);\r\n      s = ..."; }};
  }
  
  boolean printToModule() { return true; } // on by default now
  
  AutoCloseable enterAndLock() {
    return combineAutoCloseables(enter(), tempLock(lock));
  }
  
  boolean setError(Throwable e) {
    setField("_error" , persistableThrowable(e));
    return true;
  }
  
  void clearError() {
    setField("_error" , null);
  }
  
  void onChange(Runnable r) {
    Lock __1 = lock; lock(__1); try {
    if (onChange == null) onChange = synchroList();
    addIfNotThere(onChange, r);
  } finally { unlock(__1); } }
  
  void onFieldChange(VF1<String> r) {
    Lock __2 = lock; lock(__2); try {
    if (onFieldChange == null) onFieldChange = synchroList();
    addIfNotThere(onFieldChange, r);
  } finally { unlock(__2); } }
  
  void onChangeAndNow(Runnable r) {
    onChange(r);
    callF(r);
  }
  
  // forward to main class
  void onChangeAndNow(JComponent c, Object r) {
    onUpdateAndNow(c, r);
  }
  
  /*static*/ <A extends JComponent> A onChange(A tc, Object r) {
    onUpdate(tc, r);
    return tc;
  }

  void update() {}
  
  void unvisualize() {
    zeroAllFieldsOfTypeExcept(this, Component.class, componentFieldsToKeep);
  }
  
  // return L<AbstractAction> (legacy)
  // or litobjectarray(text, Runnable, text, Runnable, ...)
  Object menuItems() {
    return null;
  }
  
  void enhanceFrame(Container f) {
    
    Object items = menuItems();
    if (items instanceof Object[])
      items = paramsToAbstractActions((Object[]) items);
    internalFramePopupMenuFromActions_threaded(f, (List) items);
    
    
    String switchableFields =  (String) (callOpt(this, "switchableFields"));
    Set<String> set = asLinkedHashSet(splitAtSpace(switchableFields));
    Matches m = new Matches();
    for (String field : allFields(this))
      if (startsWith(field, "_switchableField_", m))
        set.add(m.rest());
    for (String field : set) {
      Class type = fieldType(this, field);
      if (eq(boolean.class, type))
        dm_boolFieldMenuItem(f, field);
      else if (eq(int.class, type))
        dm_intFieldMenuItem(f, field);
      else if (eq(long.class, type))
        dm_longFieldMenuItem(f, field);
      else if (eq(double.class, type))
        dm_doubleFieldMenuItem(f, field);
      else if (eq(float.class, type))
        dm_floatFieldMenuItem(f, field);
      else if (eq(String.class, type))
        dm_stringFieldMenuItem(f, field);
      else if (eq(File.class, type))
        dm_fileFieldMenuItem(f, field);
    }
    
  }
  
  // assume this is called in start(), so no locking
  ReliableSingleThread rstUpdate() {
    if (rstUpdate == null) rstUpdate = dm_rst(this, new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {   AutoCloseable __7 = enter(); try { update(); 
} finally { _close(__7); }} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "temp enter(); update();"; }});
    return rstUpdate;
  }
  
  Q q() {  AutoCloseable __8 = enter(); try {
    if (q == null) {
      Lock __3 = lock; lock(__3); try {
      if (q == null) q = dm_startQ();
    } finally { unlock(__3); } }
    return q;
  } finally { _close(__8); }}
  
  <A> A withUpdate(A a) {
    rstUpdate().trigger();
    return a;
  }
  
  DynModule module() { return this; }
  DynModule me() { return this; }
  
  JComponent visualize() {
    return dm_noVisualisation();
  }
  
  String programTitle_cache;
  String programTitle() {
    if (programTitle_cache == null)
      programTitle_cache = snippetTitle(programID(mainClass(this)));
    return programTitle_cache;
  }
  
  // field must be non-transient
  void doPersist(String field) {
    _persistenceInfo = mapMinus(_persistenceInfo, field);
  }
  
  void dontPersist(String field) {
    _persistenceInfo = mapPlus(_persistenceInfo, "field" , false);
  }
  
  Appendable _actualPrintLog() { return printToModule() ? _printLog : print_log; }
}

static void _registerTimer(java.util.Timer timer) {
  _registerTimer_original(timer);
  dm_currentModule().ownTimer(timer);
}


/*
TODO: thread {} should enter the module
svoid _onLoad_moduleThreadInfo {
  _threadInfo_addMakerAndRetriever(
    voidfunc(Map map) { mapPut(map, dm_current := dm_currentModule()) },
    voidfunc(Map map) { dm_enter((S) map.get('dm_current)) });
}
*/
static class RemoteDB implements AutoCloseable {
  DialogIO db;
  String name;
  
  // s = bot name or snippet ID
  RemoteDB(String s) {
    this(s, false);
  }
  
  RemoteDB(String s, boolean autoStart) {
    name = s;
    if (isSnippetID(s)) name = dbBotName(s);
    db = findBot(name);
    if (db == null)
      if (autoStart) {
        nohupJavax(fsI(s));
        waitForBotStartUp(name);
        assertNotNull("Weird problem", db = findBot(s));
      } else
        throw fail("DB " + s + " not running");
  }

  boolean functional() { return db != null; } // now always true
  
  List<RC> list() { return adopt((List<RC>) rpc(db, "xlist")); }
  List<RC> list(String className) { return adopt((List<RC>) rpc(db, "xlist", className)); }
  List<RC> xlist() { return list(); }
  List<RC> xlist(String className) { return list(className); }
  
  // adopt is an internal method
  List<RC> adopt(List<RC> l) {
    if (l != null) for (RC rc : l) adopt(rc);
    return l;
  }
  
  RC adopt(RC rc) { if (rc != null) rc.db = this; return rc; }
  
  Object adopt(Object o) {
    if (o instanceof RC) return adopt((RC) o);
    return o;
  }
  
  String xclass(RC o) {
    return (String) rpc(db, "xclass", o);
  }
  
  Object xget(RC o, String field) {
    return adopt(rpc(db, "xget", o, field));
  }
  
  String xS(RC o, String field) {
    return (String) xget(o, field);
  }
  
  RC xgetref(RC o, String field) {
    return adopt((RC) xget(o, field));
  }
  
  void xset(RC o, String field, Object value) {
    rpc(db, "xset", o, field, value);
  }
  
  RC uniq(String className) {
    RC ref = first(list(className));
    if (ref == null)
      ref = xnew(className);
    return ref;
  }
  RC xuniq(String className) { return uniq(className); }
  
  RC xnew(String className, Object... values) {
    return adopt((RC) rpc(db, "xnew", className, values));
  }
  
  void xdelete(RC o) {
    rpc(db, "xdelete", o);
  }
  
  void xdelete(List<RC> l) {
    rpc(db, "xdelete", l);
  }

  public void close() {
    _close(db);
  }
  
  String fullgrab() { return (String) rpc(db, "xfullgrab"); }
  String xfullgrab() { return fullgrab(); }
  
  void xshutdown() { rpc(db, "xshutdown"); }
  
  long xchangeCount() { return (long) rpc(db, "xchangeCount"); }
  int xcount() { return (int) rpc(db, "xcount"); }

  void reconnect() {
    close();
    db = findBot(name);
  }
  
  RC rc(long id) { return new RC(this, id); }
}

static class Q implements AutoCloseable {
  String name = "Unnamed Queue";
  List<Runnable> q = synchroLinkedList();
  ReliableSingleThread rst = new ReliableSingleThread(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  _run() ;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "_run()"; }});
  volatile boolean retired = false;
  
  Q() {}
  Q(String name) {
  this.name = name;}
  
  void add(Runnable r) {
    q.add(r);
    _trigger();
  }
  
  void addInFront(Runnable r) {
    q.add(0, r);
    _trigger();
  }
  
  void _trigger() {
    rst.name = name;
    rst.go();
  }
  
  void add(Object r) {
    add(toRunnable(r));
  }
  
  void _run() {
    Runnable r;
    while (licensed() && !retired && (r = syncPopFirst(q)) != null) {
      try { r.run(); } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }
    }
  }
  
  public void close() { retired = true; } // TODO: interrupt thread
  void done() {} // legacy function
  
  boolean isEmpty() { return q.isEmpty(); }
  int size() { return q.size(); }
  
  Object mutex() { return q; } // clients can synchronize on this
  List<Runnable> snapshot() { return cloneList(q); }
}static abstract class DialogIO implements AutoCloseable {
  String line;
  boolean eos, loud, noClose;
  Lock lock = lock();
  
  abstract String readLineImpl();
  abstract boolean isStillConnected();
  abstract void sendLine(String line);
  abstract boolean isLocalConnection();
  abstract Socket getSocket();

  int getPort() { Socket s = getSocket(); return s == null ? 0 : s.getPort(); }
  
  boolean helloRead = false;
  int shortenOutputTo = 500;
  
  String readLineNoBlock() {
    String l = line;
    line = null;
    return l;
  }
  
  boolean waitForLine() { try {
    ping();
    if (line != null) return true;
    //print("Readline");
    line = readLineImpl();
    //print("Readline done: " + line);
    if (line == null) eos = true;
    return line != null;
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  String readLine() {
    waitForLine();
    helloRead = true;
    return readLineNoBlock();
  }
  
  String ask(String s, Object... args) {
    if (loud) return askLoudly(s, args);
    if (!helloRead) readLine();
    if (args.length != 0) s = format3(s, args);
    sendLine(s);
    return readLine();
  }
  
  String askLoudly(String s, Object... args) {
    if (!helloRead) readLine();
    if (args.length != 0) s = format3(s, args);
    print("> " + shorten(s, shortenOutputTo));
    sendLine(s);
    String answer = readLine();
    print("< " + shorten(answer, shortenOutputTo));
    return answer;
  }
  
  void pushback(String l) {
    if (line != null)
      throw fail();
    line = l;
    helloRead = false;
  }
}

static abstract class DialogHandler {
  abstract void run(DialogIO io);
}static class ReliableSingleThread implements Runnable {
boolean _isTransient() { return true; }
  Object runnable; // usually a Runnable. is allowed to call trigger() itself
  String name = "Single Thread";
  boolean cancelBeforeTrigger = false; // always cancel running thread and wait for it to end before starting new operation
  F0<AutoCloseable> enter; // optional ownership marker, e.g. for DynModules
  int cancelTimeOut = 10000;
  
  boolean trigger = false;
  Thread thread;
  WeakReference<Thread> threadBeingCancelled;
  
  ReliableSingleThread(Object runnable) {
  this.runnable = runnable;}
  
  void trigger() { go(); }
  synchronized void go() {
    if (cancelBeforeTrigger) cancel();
    trigger = true;
    if (!running()) {
       AutoCloseable __1 = callF(enter); try {
      thread = startThread(name, new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
         AutoCloseable __2 = callF(enter); try {
        _run();
      
} finally { _close(__2); }} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "temp callF(enter);\r\n        _run();"; }});
    } finally { _close(__1); }}
  }
  public void run() { go(); }
  void get() { go(); } // so you can use the ! syntax
  
  synchronized boolean running() { return thread != null; }
  
  // use only if this is the last time you trigger this
  void triggerAndWait() {
    trigger();
    waitUntilDone();
  }
  
  void waitUntilDone() {
    while (running()) sleep(1);
  }
  
  void _run() { try {
    while (licensed()) {
      Thread oldThread;
      synchronized(this) {
        if (!trigger) {
          thread = null;
          break;
        }
        
        oldThread = getWeakRef(threadBeingCancelled);
        trigger = false;
      }
      
      if (oldThread != null && oldThread != currentThread())
        oldThread.join(cancelTimeOut);
        
      pcallF(runnable);
    }
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  synchronized void cancel() {
    if (thread == null) return;
    threadBeingCancelled = new WeakReference(thread);
    cancelAndInterruptThread(thread);
    thread = null;
  }
  
  void cancelAndTrigger() {
    cancel();
    trigger();
  }
  
  synchronized boolean triggered() { return trigger; }
  
  void cleanMeUp() { cancel(); }
  
  ReliableSingleThread cancelBeforeTrigger() {
    cancelBeforeTrigger = true;
    return this;
  }
}

static Lock dbLock() {
  return db_mainConcepts().lock;
}

static Lock dbLock(Concepts cc) {
  return cc == null ? null : cc.lock;
}

static Lock dbLock(Concept c) {
  return dbLock(c == null ? null : c._concepts);
}

static boolean bareDBMode_on = false;

static void bareDBMode() {
  bareDBMode(null); // default autoSaveInterval
}

static void bareDBMode(Integer autoSaveInterval) {
  bareDBMode_on = true;
  conceptsAndBot(autoSaveInterval);
}

static List<String> myInnerClasses_list=litlist(
"VF1", null, "Derefable", "VF2", "JSection", "Var", "MRUAndAllTimeTop", "DefunctClassLoader", "ITokCondition", "TokCondition", "IFieldIndex", "talkToThisVM_IO", "Str", "findCodeTokens_Matcher", "CountingOutputStream", "ReliableSingleThread", "JFastLogView_noWrap", "SingleComponentPanel", "DynModule", "FixedRateTimer", "Concept", "Rect", "Pt", "ProgramScan", "AModule", "F0", "F1", "IterableIterator", "betterCIComparator_C", "RemoteDB", "F2", "Flag", "unstructure_Receiver", "ScannedBot", "Concepts", "RC", "XRef", "IF0", "BaseXRef", "CloseableIterableIterator", "getOpt_Map", "IF2", "Producer", "IFieldsToList", "IF1", "structure_Data", "IVF1", "IVF2", "IVar", "_MethodCache", "talkTo_IO", "Matches", "structure_ClassInfo", "FileBasedLock", "LiveValue", "Q", "CriticalAction", "DialogHandler", "Lowest", "IResourceLoader", "proxy_InvocationHandler", "MultiSet", "Pair", "DynPrintLog", "test_unstructureMissingClassToBaseClass_Blu", "DialogIO", "IConceptCounter", "test_structure_customObjects_B", "test_structure_customObjects_A", "BetterLabel", "MRUCache", "componentPopupMenu_Adapter", "DynamicObject", "IConceptIndex", "test_unstructureMissingClassToBaseClass_Bla", "PersistableThrowable", "talkToSubBot_IO", "Scored", "Android3", "SmartTimerTask", "Responder");

static List<String> myInnerClasses() {
  return myInnerClasses_list;
}

static DynModule dm_currentModule() {
  return (DynModule) dm_current_generic();
}

static void cancelTimerOrInterruptThread(Object timer) {
  if (timer instanceof Thread && !(timer instanceof AutoCloseable)) // AutoCloseable takes precedence
    interruptThread((Thread) timer);
  else
    cancelTimer(timer);
}

static <A, B> List<B> getAll(Map<A, B> map, Collection<A> l) {
  return lookupAllOpt(map, l);
}

static <A, B> List<B> getAll(Collection<A> l, Map<A, B> map) {
  return lookupAllOpt(map, l);
}

static boolean hasConcept(Class<? extends Concept> c, Object... params) {
  return findConceptWhere(c, params) != null;
}

static String getDBProgramID_id;

static String getDBProgramID() {
  return nempty(getDBProgramID_id) ? getDBProgramID_id : programIDWithCase();
}

static Object load(String varName) {
  readLocally(varName);
  return get(mc(), varName);
}

static Object load(String progID, String varName) {
  readLocally(progID, varName);
  return get(mc(), varName);
}

static boolean exceptionMessageContains(Throwable e, String s) {
  return cic(getInnerMessage(e), s);
}

static void printShortException(Throwable e) {
  print(exceptionToStringShort(e));
}

static void printShortException(String s, Throwable e) {
  print(s, exceptionToStringShort(e));
}

static void clearConcepts() {
  db_mainConcepts().clearConcepts();
}

static void clearConcepts(Concepts concepts) {
  concepts.clearConcepts();
}

static void restoreLatestBackupIfConceptsFileEmpty(String dbID, Object... __) {
  boolean doIt = boolPar("doIt",__);
  File file = conceptsFile(dbID);
  if (fileExists(file) && fileSize(file) == 0) {
    print(file + " corrupted, trying to restore");
    File backup = lastThat(__42 -> fileNotEmpty(__42),sortByFileName(conceptBackupFiles(dbID)));
    if (backup == null) { print("No usable backup found :("); return; }
    String msg = "RESTORING: " + backup;
    File log = javaxDataDir("db-restores.log");
    if (doIt) logQuotedWithTime(log, msg);
    print(stringIf(!doIt, "[would be] ") + msg);
    if (doIt) {
      clearConceptsOf(dbID);
      copyFile(backup, file);
      print(msg = "DB RESTORED!");
      if (doIt) logQuotedWithTime(log, msg);
    }
  }
}

static <A> AutoCloseable tempSetTL(ThreadLocal<A> tl, A a) {
  return tempSetThreadLocal(tl, a);
}

static void readLocally(String progID, String varNames) {
  readLocally2(mc(), progID, varNames);
}

static void readLocally(String varNames) {
  readLocally2(mc(), programID(), varNames);
}

static void readLocally2(Object obj, String varNames) {
  readLocally2(obj, programID(), varNames);
}

static int readLocally_stringLength;

static ThreadLocal<Boolean> readLocally2_allDynamic = new ThreadLocal();
static ThreadLocal readLocally2_classFinder = new ThreadLocal();

// read a string variable from standard storage
// does not overwrite variable contents if there is no file
static void readLocally2(Object obj, String progID, String varNames) { try {
  boolean allDynamic = isTrue(getAndClearThreadLocal(readLocally2_allDynamic));
  for (String variableName : javaTokC(varNames)) {
    File textFile = new File(programDir(progID), variableName + ".text");
    
    String value = loadTextFile(textFile);
    if (value != null)
      set(main.class, variableName, value);
    else {
      File structureFile = new File(programDir(progID), variableName + ".structure");
      value = loadTextFile(structureFile);
      
      if (value == null) {
        File structureGZFile = new File(programDir(progID), variableName + ".structure.gz");
        if (!structureGZFile.isFile()) return;
        //value = loadGZTextFile(structureGZFile);
         InputStream fis = new FileInputStream(structureGZFile); try {
        GZIPInputStream gis = newGZIPInputStream(fis);
        InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(gis, "UTF-8");
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(reader);
        //O o = unstructure_reader(bufferedReader);
        Object o = unstructure_tok(javaTokC_noMLS_onReader(bufferedReader), allDynamic, readLocally2_classFinder.get());
        readLocally_set(obj, variableName, o);
        return;
      } finally { _close(fis); }}
      
      readLocally_stringLength = l(value);
      if (nempty(value))
        readLocally_set(obj, variableName, unstructure(value, allDynamic, readLocally2_classFinder.get()));
    }
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static void readLocally_set(Object c, String varName, Object value) {
  Object oldValue = get(c, varName);
  if (oldValue instanceof List && !(oldValue instanceof ArrayList) && value != null) {
    // Assume it's a synchroList.
    value = synchroList((List) value);
  }
  set(c, varName, value);
}


static int done_minPrint = 10;

static long done(long startTime, String desc) {
  long time = now()-startTime;
  if (time >= done_minPrint)
    print(desc + " [" + time + " ms]");
  return time;
}

static long done(String desc, long startTime) {
  return done(startTime, desc);
}

static long done(long startTime) {
  return done(startTime, "");
}

static String n(long l, String name) {
  return l + " " + trim(l == 1 ? singular(name) : getPlural(name));
}

static String n(Collection l, String name) {
  return n(l(l), name);
}

static String n(Map m, String name) {
  return n(l(m), name);
}

static String n(Object[] a, String name) {
  return n(l(a), name);
}


  static String n(MultiSet ms, String name) {
    return n(l(ms), name);
  }


static RemoteDB connectToDBOpt(String dbNameOrID) { try {
  return new RemoteDB(dbNameOrID);
} catch (Throwable __e) { return null; } }

static String dynShortName(Object o) {
  return shortDynamicClassName(o);
}

static <A, B> Collection<B> values(Map<A, B> map) {
  return map == null ? emptyList() : map.values();
}

// convenience shortcut for values_gen
static Collection values(Object map) {
  return values((Map) map);
}





static Concept getConcept(long id) {
  return db_mainConcepts().getConcept(id);
}

static Concept getConcept(Concepts concepts, long id) {
  return concepts.getConcept(id);
}
 
static <A extends Concept> A getConcept(Class<A> cc, long id) {
  return getConcept(db_mainConcepts(), cc, id);
}

static <A extends Concept> A getConcept(Concepts concepts, Class<A> cc, long id) {
  Concept c = concepts.getConcept(id);
  if (c == null) return null;
  if (!isInstance(cc, c))
    throw fail("Can't convert concept: " + getClassName(c) + " -> " + getClassName(cc) + " (" + id + ")");
  return (A) c;
}


static void saveLocally(String variableName) {
  saveLocally(programID(), variableName);
}

static void saveLocally(String progID, String variableName) {
  saveLocally2(mc(), progID, variableName);
}

static void saveLocally2(Object obj, String variableName) {
  saveLocally2(obj, programID(), variableName);
}

static void saveLocally2(Object obj, String progID, String variableName) {
  Lock __0 = saveLock(); lock(__0); try {
  File textFile = new File(programDir(progID), variableName + ".text");
  File structureFile = new File(programDir(progID), variableName + ".structure");
  Object x = get(obj, variableName);
  
  if (x == null) {
    textFile.delete();
    structureFile.delete();
  } else if (x instanceof String) {
    saveTextFile(textFile, (String) x);
    structureFile.delete();
  } else {
    saveTextFile(structureFile, javaTokWordWrap(structure(x)));
    textFile.delete();
  }
} finally { unlock(__0); } }

static File conceptsFile(String progID) {
  return getProgramFile(progID, conceptsFileName());
}

static File conceptsFile() {
  return conceptsFile(dbProgramID());
}

// wrapper: VF1<Runnable> or null
static void callRunnableWithWrapper(Object wrapper, Runnable r) {
  if (wrapper == null) callF(r);
  else callF(wrapper, r);
}


static long saveGZStructureToFile(String file, Object o) {
  return saveGZStructureToFile(getProgramFile(file), o);
}
  
// returns number of uncompressed bytes writtne
static long saveGZStructureToFile(File file, Object o) { try {
  File parentFile = file.getParentFile();
  if (parentFile != null)
    parentFile.mkdirs();
  File tempFile = tempFileFor(file);
  if (tempFile.exists()) try {
    String saveName = tempFile.getPath() + ".saved." + now();
    copyFile(tempFile, new File(saveName));
  } catch (Throwable e) { printStackTrace(e); }
  
  FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = newFileOutputStream(tempFile.getPath());
  CountingOutputStream cos;
  try {
    GZIPOutputStream gos = new GZIPOutputStream(fileOutputStream);
    cos = new CountingOutputStream(gos);
    OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(cos, "UTF-8");
    PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(outputStreamWriter);
    structureToPrintWriter(o, printWriter);
    printWriter.close();
    gos.close();
    fileOutputStream.close();
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    fileOutputStream.close();
    tempFile.delete();
    throw rethrow(e);
  }
  
  if (file.exists() && !file.delete())
    throw new IOException("Can't delete " + file.getPath());

  if (!tempFile.renameTo(file))
    throw new IOException("Can't rename " + tempFile + " to " + file);
    
  return cos.getFilePointer();
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static <A, B> Map<A, B> cloneMap(Map<A, B> map) {
  if (map == null) return new HashMap();
  // assume mutex is equal to map
  synchronized(map) {
    return map instanceof TreeMap ? new TreeMap((TreeMap) map) // copies comparator
      : map instanceof LinkedHashMap ? new LinkedHashMap(map)
      : new HashMap(map);
  }
}

static <A, B> List<B> cloneMap(Iterable<A> l, IF1<A, B> f) {
  List x = emptyList(l);
  if (l != null) for (A o : cloneList(l))
    x.add(f.get(o));
  return x;
}

static <A> A popFirst(List<A> l) {
  if (empty(l)) return null;
  A a = first(l);
  l.remove(0);
  return a;
}

static <A> A popFirst(Collection<A> l) {
  if (empty(l)) return null;
  A a = first(l);
  l.remove(a);
  return a;
}

static <A> List<A> popFirst(int n, List<A> l) {
  List<A> part = cloneSubList(l, 0, n);
  removeSubList(l, 0, n);
  return part;
}

static long toM(long l) {
  return (l+1024*1024-1)/(1024*1024);
}

static String toM(long l, int digits) {
  return formatDouble(toM_double(l), digits);
}

static String javaTokWordWrap(String s) {
  return javaTokWordWrap(120, s);
}

// TODO: complete trimming
static String javaTokWordWrap(int cols, String s) {
  int col = 0;
  List<String> tok = javaTok(s);
  for (int i = 0; i < l(tok); i++) {
    String t = tok.get(i);
    if (odd(i) && col >= cols && !containsNewLine(t))
      tok.set(i, t = rtrimSpaces(t) + "\n");
    int idx = t.lastIndexOf('\n');
    if (idx >= 0) col = l(t)-(idx+1);
    else col += l(t);
  }
  return join(tok);
}

static String ymd() {
  return ymd(now());
}

static String ymd(long now) {
  return year(now) + formatInt(month(now), 2) + formatInt(dayOfMonth(now), 2);
}

static String ymd(long now, TimeZone tz) {
  return year(now, tz) + formatInt(month(now, tz), 2) + formatInt(dayOfMonth(now, tz), 2);
}

static String formatInt(int i, int digits) {
  return padLeft(str(i), '0', digits);
}

static String formatInt(long l, int digits) {
  return padLeft(str(l), '0', digits);
}

static int hours() {
  return hours(java.util.Calendar.getInstance());
}

static int hours(java.util.Calendar c) {
  return c.get(java.util.Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
}

static int hours(long time) {
  return hours(calendarFromTime(time));
}

static int hours(long time, TimeZone tz) {
  return hours(calendarFromTime(time, tz));
}

static long toK(long l) {
  return (l+1023)/1024;
}

static boolean isTransient(Field f) {
  return (f.getModifiers() & java.lang.reflect.Modifier.TRANSIENT) != 0;
}

// firstDelay = delay
static FixedRateTimer doEvery_daemon(long delay, final Object r) {
  return doEvery_daemon(delay, delay, r);
}

static FixedRateTimer doEvery_daemon(long delay, long firstDelay, final Object r) {
  FixedRateTimer timer = new FixedRateTimer(true);
  timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(smartTimerTask(r, timer, delay), firstDelay, delay);
  return timer;
}

static FixedRateTimer doEvery_daemon(double delaySeconds, final Object r) {
  return doEvery_daemon(toMS(delaySeconds), r);
}

static float abs(float f) { return Math.abs(f); }
static int abs(int i) { return Math.abs(i); }
static double abs(double d) { return Math.abs(d); }

static boolean cleanUp_interruptThreads = false; // experimental

static void cleanUp(Object c) {
  if (c == null) return;
  
  if (c instanceof AutoCloseable) { close_pcall(((AutoCloseable) c)); return; }
  
  if (c instanceof java.util.Timer) { ((java.util.Timer) c).cancel(); return; }
  
  if (c instanceof Collection) { cleanUp((Collection) c); return; }
  if (c instanceof Map) {
    for (Object o : keys((Map) c)) cleanUp(o);
    for (Object o : values((Map) c)) cleanUp(o);
    ((Map) c).clear();
    return;
  }
  //if (!(c instanceof Class)) ret;
  
  try {
    // revoke license
    
    preCleanUp(c);
    
    // unpause
    
    setOpt(c, "ping_pauseAll", false);
    
    // call custom cleanMeUp() and cleanMeUp_*() functions
    
    innerCleanUp(c);
        
    // Java spec says finalize should only be called by GC,
    // but we care to differ.
    // Edit: Not anymore (illegal access warnings)
    /*if (isTrue(vmMap_get('callFinalize)))
      pcallOpt(c, "finalize");*/

    // remove all virtual bots (hope this works)
    
    List androids = (List) getOpt(c, "record_list");
    for (Object android : unnull(androids))
      pcallOpt(android, "dispose"); // heck we'll dispose anything

    // sub-cleanup
    
    List<WeakReference> classes =  (List<WeakReference>) (getOpt(c, "hotwire_classes"));
    if (classes != null)
      for (WeakReference cc : classes) { try {
        cleanUp(cc.get());
      } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }}
      
    // interrupt all threads (experimental, they might be doing cleanup?)
    
    if (cleanUp_interruptThreads) {
      List<Thread> threads = registeredThreads(c);
      if (nempty(threads)) {
        print("cleanUp: Interrupting " + n2(threads, "thread") + ": " + joinWithComma(allToString(threads)));
        interruptThreads(threads);
      }
    }
  } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }
  
  setOpt(c, "cleaningUp_flag" , false);
  if (c instanceof Class && ((Class) c).getName().equals("main"))
    retireClassLoader(((Class) c).getClassLoader());
 }

static void cleanUp(Collection l) {
  if (l == null) return;
  for (Object c : l)
    cleanUp(c);
  l.clear();
}

static <A> A firstOfType(Collection c, Class<A> type) {
  for (Object x : c)
    if (isInstanceX(type, x))
      return (A) x;
  return null;
}

static Collection<Concept> allConcepts() {
  return db_mainConcepts().allConcepts();
}

static Collection<Concept> allConcepts(Concepts concepts) {
  return concepts.allConcepts();
}


static List<Concept> conceptsOfType(String type) {
  return db_mainConcepts().conceptsOfType(type);
}

static <A> List<A> concatLists_conservative(List<A> a, List<A> b) {
  if (empty(a)) return b;
  if (empty(b)) return a;
  return concatLists(a, b);
}

static <A> List<A> concatLists_conservative(Collection<A> a, Collection<A> b) {
  if (empty(a) && b instanceof List) return ((List) b);
  if (empty(b) && a instanceof List) return ((List) a);
  return concatLists(a, b);
}

static <A> List<A> filterByType(Iterable c, Class<A> type) {
  List<A> l = new ArrayList();
  if (c != null) for (Object x : c)
    if (isInstanceX(type, x))
      l.add((A) x);
  return l;
}

static <A> List<A> filterByType(Object[] c, Class<A> type) {
  return filterByType(asList(c), type);
}

static <A> List<A> filterByType(Class<A> type, Iterable c) {
  return filterByType(c, type);
}

static <A extends Concept> List<A> list(Class<A> type) {
  return db_mainConcepts().list(type);
}

static <A extends Concept> List<A> list(Concepts concepts, Class<A> type) {
  return concepts.list(type);
}

static List<Concept> list(String type) {
  return db_mainConcepts().list(type);
}

static List<Concept> list(Concepts concepts, String type) {
  return concepts.list(type);
}


static <A> List<A> filterByDynamicType(Collection<A> c, String type) {
  List<A> l = new ArrayList();
  for (A x : c)
    if (eq(dynamicClassName(x), type))
      l.add(x);
  return l;
}

static boolean hasType(Collection c, Class type) {
  for (Object x : c)
    if (isInstanceX(type, x))
      return true;
  return false;
}

static <A extends Concept> A findBackRef(Concept c, Class<A> type) {
  for (Concept.Ref r : c.backRefs)
    if (instanceOf(r.concept(), type))
      return (A) r.concept();
  return null;
}

static <A extends Concept> A findBackRef(Class<A> type, Concept c) {
  return findBackRef(c, type);
}

static boolean checkConceptFields(Concept x, Object... data) {
  for (int i = 0; i < l(data); i += 2)
    if (neq(cget(x, (String) data[i]), deref(data[i+1])))
      return false;
  return true;
}

static Concept cnew(String name, Object... values) {
  return cnew(db_mainConcepts(), name, values);
}

static Concept cnew(Concepts concepts, String name, Object... values) {
  Class<? extends Concept> cc = findClass(name);
  concepts_unlisted.set(true);
  Concept c;
  try {
    c = cc != null ? nuObject(cc) : new Concept(name);
  } finally {
    concepts_unlisted.set(null);
  }
  concepts.register(c);
  csetAll(c, values);
  return c;
}

static <A extends Concept> A cnew(Class<A> cc, Object... values) {
  return cnew(db_mainConcepts(), cc, values);
}

static <A extends Concept> A cnew(Concepts concepts, Class<A> cc, Object... values) {
  concepts_unlisted.set(true);
  A c;
  try {
    c = nuObject(cc);
  } finally {
    concepts_unlisted.set(null);
  }
  concepts.register(c);
  csetAll(c, values);
  return c;
}


// returns number of changes
static int cset(Concept c, Object... values) { try {
  if (c == null) return 0;
  warnIfOddCount(values = expandParams(c.getClass(), values));
  int changes = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i+1 < l(values); i += 2)
    if (_csetField(c, (String) values[i], values[i+1])) ++changes;
  return changes;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static int cset(Iterable<? extends Concept> l, Object... values) {
  int changes = 0;
  for (Concept c : unnull(l))
    changes += cset(c, values);
  return changes;
}

static <A extends Concept> int cset(Concept.Ref<A> c, Object... values) {
  return cset(getVar(c), values);
}

// magic cast
static <A> A cget(Object c, String field) {
  Object o = getOpt(c, field);
  if (o instanceof Concept.Ref) return (A) ((Concept.Ref) o).get();
  return (A) o;
}

static <A> A cget(String field, Object c) {
  return cget(c, field);
}

static Object deref(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof Derefable) o = ((Derefable) o).get();
  return o;
}


static List map(Iterable l, Object f) { return map(f, l); }

static List map(Object f, Iterable l) {
  List x = emptyList(l);
  if (l != null) for (Object o : l)
    x.add(callF(f, o));
  return x;
}


  static <A, B> List<B> map(Iterable<A> l, F1<A, B> f) { return map(f, l); }

  static <A, B> List<B> map(F1<A, B> f, Iterable<A> l) {
    List x = emptyList(l);
    if (l != null) for (A o : l)
      x.add(callF(f, o));
    return x;
  }


static <A, B> List<B> map(IF1<A, B> f, Iterable<A> l) { return map(l, f); }
static <A, B> List<B> map(Iterable<A> l, IF1<A, B> f) {
  List x = emptyList(l);
  if (l != null) for (A o : l)
    x.add(f.get(o));
  return x;
}
  
static <A, B> List<B> map(IF1<A, B> f, A[] l) { return map(l, f); }
static <A, B> List<B> map(A[] l, IF1<A, B> f) {
  List x = emptyList(l);
  if (l != null) for (A o : l)
    x.add(f.get(o));
  return x;
}
  
static List map(Object f, Object[] l) { return map(f, asList(l)); }
static List map(Object[] l, Object f) { return map(f, l); }

static List map(Object f, Map map) {
  return map(map, f);
}

// map: func(key, value) -> list element
static List map(Map map, Object f) {
  List x = new ArrayList();
  if (map != null) for (Object _e : map.entrySet()) {
    Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry) _e;
    x.add(callF(f, e.getKey(), e.getValue()));
  }
  return x;
}

static <A, B, C> List<C> map(Map<A, B> map, IF2<A, B, C> f) {
  return map(map, (Object) f);
}

static String loadConceptsStructure(String progID) {
  return loadTextFilePossiblyGZipped(getProgramFile(progID, "concepts.structure"));
}

static String loadConceptsStructure() {
  return loadConceptsStructure(dbProgramID());
}

static void cleanKillVM() { try {
  ping();
  assertNotOnAWTThread();
  cleanKillVM_noSleep();
  Object o = new Object();
  synchronized(o) { o.wait(); }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static void cleanKillVM_noSleep() {
  call(getJavaX(), "cleanKill");
}

static <A extends Concept> int countConcepts(Concepts concepts, Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  return concepts.countConcepts(c, params);
}

static <A extends Concept> int countConcepts(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  return db_mainConcepts().countConcepts(c, params);
}

static int countConcepts() {
  return db_mainConcepts().countConcepts();
}

static int countConcepts(String className) {
  return db_mainConcepts().countConcepts(className);
}

static <A extends Concept> int countConcepts(Concepts concepts, String className) {
  return concepts.countConcepts(className);
}

static int countConcepts(Concepts concepts) {
  return concepts.countConcepts();
}

static <A, B> void mapRemove(Map<A, B> map, A key) {
  if (map != null && key != null)
    map.remove(key);
}

static <A, B> boolean containsKey(Map<A, B> map, A key) {
  return map != null && map.containsKey(key);
}

static boolean dynamicObjectIsLoading() { 
  return isTrue(getThreadLocal(DynamicObject_loading));
}

static volatile Concepts mainConcepts; // Where we create new concepts

static Concepts db_mainConcepts() {
  if (mainConcepts == null)
    mainConcepts = newConceptsWithClassFinder(getDBProgramID());
  return mainConcepts;
}

static void cleanMeUp_concepts() {
  if (db_mainConcepts() != null) db_mainConcepts().cleanMeUp();
  // mainConcepts = null; // TODO
}


static <A> List<A> addDyn_quickSync(List<A> l, A a) {
  if (l == null) l = new ArrayList();
  syncAdd(l, a);
  return l;
}

static Str concept(String name) {
  for (Str s : list(Str.class))
    if (eqic(s.name, name) || containsIgnoreCase(s.otherNames, name))
      return s;
  return new Str(name);
}

static void change() {
  //mainConcepts.allChanged();
  // safe version for now cause function is sometimes included unnecessarily (e.g. by EGDiff)
  callOpt(getOptMC("mainConcepts"), "allChanged");
}

static boolean isEmpty(Collection c) {
  return c == null || c.isEmpty();
}

static boolean isEmpty(CharSequence s) {
  return s == null || s.length() == 0;
}

static boolean isEmpty(Object[] a) { return a == null || a.length == 0; }
static boolean isEmpty(byte[] a) { return a == null || a.length == 0; }

static boolean isEmpty(Map map) {
  return map == null || map.isEmpty();
}

static void removeLast(List l) {
  if (!l.isEmpty())
    l.remove(l(l)-1);
}

static void removeLast(List l, int n) {
  removeSubList(l, l(l)-n);
}

static void removeLast(int n, List l) {
  removeLast(l, n);
}

static void add(BitSet bs, int i) {
  bs.set(i);
}

static <A> boolean add(Collection<A> c, A a) {
  return c != null && c.add(a);
}


static void add(Container c, Component x) {
  addToContainer(c, x);
}


static <A> A syncGet(List<A> l, int idx) {
  if (l == null || idx < 0) return null;
  synchronized(l) {
    return idx < l(l) ? l.get(idx) : null;
  }
}

static <A, B> B syncGet(Map<A, B> map, A a) {
  if (map == null) return null;
  synchronized(map) {
    return map.get(a);
  }
}

static <A> boolean syncAdd(Collection<A> c, A b) {
  if (c == null) return false;
  synchronized(collectionMutex(c)) { return c.add(b); }
}

static <A> void syncAdd(List<A> l, int idx, A b) {
  if (l != null) synchronized(collectionMutex(l)) { l.add(idx, b); }
}

static <A> boolean syncRemove(Collection<A> c, A b) {
  if (c == null) return false;
  synchronized(collectionMutex(c)) { return c.remove(b); }
}

static <A> A syncRemove(List<A> l, int idx) {
  if (l == null) return null;
  synchronized(collectionMutex(l)) { return l.remove(idx); }
}

static <A, B> B syncRemove(Map<A, B> map, A key) {
  return map == null ? null : map.remove(key);
}

static int syncL(Collection l) {
  if (l == null) return 0;
  synchronized(l) { return l.size(); }
}

static <A> List<A> syncL() {
  return syncList();
}

static <A> List<A> removeDyn_quickSync(List<A> l, A a) {
  if (l == null) return null;
  synchronized(collectionMutex(l)) {
    l.remove(a);
    return empty(l) ? null : l;
  }
}

static <A, B> Set<Map.Entry<A,B>> _entrySet(Map<A, B> map) {
  return map == null ? Collections.EMPTY_SET : map.entrySet();
}

static void crenameField_noOverwrite(Concept c, String oldField, String newField) {
  if (c == null || eq(oldField, newField)) return;
  Object value = cget(c, oldField);
  if (newField != null && cget(c, newField) == null) cset(c, newField, value);
  cset(c, oldField, null);
}

static int _hashCode(Object a) {
  return a == null ? 0 : a.hashCode();
}

static boolean isAbstract(Class c) {
  return (c.getModifiers() & Modifier.ABSTRACT) != 0;
}

static boolean isAbstract(Method m) {
  return (m.getModifiers() & Modifier.ABSTRACT) != 0;
}

static Set<Class> allInterfacesImplementedBy(Class c) {
  if (c == null) return null;
  HashSet<Class> set = new HashSet();
  allInterfacesImplementedBy_find(c, set);
  return set;
}

static void allInterfacesImplementedBy_find(Class c, Set<Class> set) {
  if (c.isInterface() && !set.add(c)) return;
  do {
    for (Class intf : c.getInterfaces())
      allInterfacesImplementedBy_find(intf, set);
  } while ((c = c.getSuperclass()) != null);
}

static Method findMethod(Object o, String method, Object... args) {
  return findMethod_cached(o, method, args);
}

static boolean findMethod_checkArgs(Method m, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
  Class<?>[] types = m.getParameterTypes();
  if (types.length != args.length) {
    if (debug)
      System.out.println("Bad parameter length: " + args.length + " vs " + types.length);
    return false;
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++)
    if (!(args[i] == null || isInstanceX(types[i], args[i]))) {
      if (debug)
        System.out.println("Bad parameter " + i + ": " + args[i] + " vs " + types[i]);
      return false;
    }
  return true;
}

static Method findStaticMethod(Class c, String method, Object... args) {
  Class _c = c;
  while (c != null) {
    for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods()) {
      if (!m.getName().equals(method))
        continue;

      if ((m.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0 || !findStaticMethod_checkArgs(m, args))
        continue;

      return m;
    }
    c = c.getSuperclass();
  }
  return null;
}

static boolean findStaticMethod_checkArgs(Method m, Object[] args) {
  Class<?>[] types = m.getParameterTypes();
  if (types.length != args.length)
    return false;
  for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++)
    if (!(args[i] == null || isInstanceX(types[i], args[i])))
      return false;
  return true;
}




static JPanel jSection(Component c) {
  return jSection("", c);
}

static JPanel jSection(final String title, final Component c) {
  return swing(new F0<JPanel>() { public JPanel get() { try { 
    Border border = BorderFactory.createBevelBorder(BevelBorder.LOWERED);
    border = BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(border, title);
    JSection panel = new JSection(c);
    panel.setBorder(border);
    return panel;
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "Border border = BorderFactory.createBevelBorder(BevelBorder.LOWERED);\r\n    bo..."; }});
}

static JPanel jSection(String title) {
  return jSection(title, jpanel());
}


static JScrollPane jscroll_copyBackground(Component c) {
  return setScrollPaneBackground(getBackground(c), jscroll(c));
}

static JFastLogView_noWrap jFastLogView_noWrap() {
  return jFastLogView_noWrap("");
}

static JFastLogView_noWrap jFastLogView_noWrap(String text) {
  return withTypeWriterFont(swingNu(JFastLogView_noWrap.class, text));
}

static String getPrintLog() {
  return str(print_log);
}

static <A extends JComponent> A componentPopupMenuItem(A c, final String name, final Object action) {
  componentPopupMenu(c, new VF1<JPopupMenu>() { public void get(JPopupMenu menu) { try { 
    addMenuItem(menu, name, action);
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "addMenuItem(menu, name, action);"; }});
  return c;
}

static void componentPopupMenuItem(JComponent c, final JMenuItem menuItem) {
  componentPopupMenu(c, new VF1<JPopupMenu>() { public void get(JPopupMenu menu) { try { 
    addMenuItem(menu, menuItem);
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "addMenuItem(menu, menuItem);"; }});
}

static void dm_clearModulePrintLog() {
  clearStringBuffer_gen(dm_current_mandatory()._actualPrintLog());
}

static <A extends JComponent> A awtEvery(A component, long delay, Object r) {
  swingEvery(component, delay, r);
  return component;
}

static <A extends JComponent> A awtEvery(A component, long delay, long firstDelay, Object r) {
  swingEvery(component, delay, firstDelay, r);
  return component;
}

static void awtEvery(RootPaneContainer frame, long delay, Object r) {
  swingEvery(frame, delay, r);
}

static <A extends JComponent> A awtEvery(A component, double delaySeconds, Object r) {
  return awtEvery(component, toMS(delaySeconds), r);
}

static boolean scrollAllTheWayDown_bruteForce = true;

static <A extends JComponent> A scrollAllTheWayDown(A c) {
  if (c != null) { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    int h = c.getHeight()-1;
    if (scrollAllTheWayDown_bruteForce) h = max(h, 100000);
    c.scrollRectToVisible(new Rectangle(0, h, 1, 1));
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "int h = c.getHeight()-1;\r\n    if (scrollAllTheWayDown_bruteForce) h = max(h, ..."; }}); }
  return c;
}

// independent timer
static void awtLater(int delay, final Object r) {
  swingLater(delay, r);
}

static void awtLater(Object r) {
  swingLater(r);
}

// dependent timer (runs only when component is visible)
static void awtLater(JComponent component, int delay, Object r) {
  installTimer(component, r, delay, delay, false);
}

static void awtLater(JFrame frame, int delay, Object r) {
  awtLater(frame.getRootPane(), delay, r);
}

static StringBuffer liveLocalPrintLog_realMC(Object o) {
  Object realMC = getMainClass(o);
  if (realMC != mc())
    return (StringBuffer) getOpt(realMC, "local_log");
  return liveLocalPrintLog();
}

static List<String> quoteAll(Collection<String> l) {
  List<String> x = new ArrayList();
  for (String s : l)
    x.add(quote(s));
  return x;
}

static boolean arraysEqual(Object[] a, Object[] b) {
  if (a.length != b.length) return false;
  for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
    if (neq(a[i], b[i])) return false;
  return true;
}

static <A> IterableIterator<A> uniqueIterator(Iterator<A> it) {
  HashSet<A> set = new HashSet();
  return iff(() -> {
    while (licensed()) {
      if (!it.hasNext()) return endMarker();
      A a = it.next();
      if (set.add(a)) return a;
    }
    return endMarker();
  });
}

static <A> IterableIterator<A> roundRobinCombinedIterator(Iterator<A>... iterators) {
  return roundRobinCombinedIterator(wrapAsList(iterators));
}

static <A> IterableIterator<A> roundRobinCombinedIterator(Collection<? extends Iterator<A>> iterators) {
  if (empty(iterators)) return emptyItIt();
  class Robin implements IF0 {
    List<? extends Iterator<A>> activeIterators = cloneList(iterators);
    int i;
    
    public Object get() {
      while (licensed()) {
        Iterator<A> it = activeIterators.get(i);
        if (!it.hasNext()) { 
          activeIterators.remove(i);
          if (empty(activeIterators)) break;
          i %= l(activeIterators);
        } else {
          i = (i+1) % l(activeIterators);
          return it.next();
        }
      }
      return endMarker();
    }
  }
  
  return iff(new Robin());
}

static <A> IterableIterator<A> reversedIterator(final List<A> l) {
  return new IterableIterator<A>() {
    int i = l(l)-1;

    public boolean hasNext() { return i >= 0; }
    public A next() { return l.get(i--); }
  };
}

static <A, B> List<A> keysList(Map<A, B> map) {
  return cloneListSynchronizingOn(keys(map), map);
}


  static <A> List<A> keysList(MultiSet<A> ms) {
    return ms == null ? null : keysList(ms.map);
  }


static <A, B> LinkedHashMap<A, B> cloneLinkedHashMap(Map<A, B> map) {
  return map == null ? new LinkedHashMap() : new LinkedHashMap(map);
}

static <A> A second(List<A> l) {
  return get(l, 1);
}

static <A> A second(Iterable<A> l) {
  if (l == null) return null;
  Iterator<A> it = iterator(l);
  if (!it.hasNext()) return null;
  it.next();
  return it.hasNext() ? it.next() : null;
}

static <A> A second(A[] bla) {
  return bla == null || bla.length <= 1 ? null : bla[1];
}


static <A, B> B second(Pair<A, B> p) {
  return p == null ? null : p.b;
}





static <A> A second(Producer<A> p) {
  if (p == null) return null;
  if (p.next() == null) return null;
  return p.next();
}


static char second(String s) {
  return charAt(s, 1);
}



static File loadLibrary(String snippetID) {
  return loadBinarySnippet(snippetID);
}

static File pathToJavaxJar() {
  
  IResourceLoader rl = vm_getResourceLoader();
  if (rl != null)
    return rl.pathToJavaXJar();
  
  
  return pathToJavaxJar_noResourceLoader();
}
  
static File pathToJavaxJar_noResourceLoader() { try {
  int x = latestInstalledJavaX();
  File xfile = new File(userHome(), ".javax/x" + Math.max(x, 30) + ".jar");
  if (!xfile.isFile()) {
    print("Saving " + f2s(xfile));
    String url = x30JarServerURL();
    byte[] data = loadBinaryPage(url);
    if (data.length < 1000000)
      throw fail("Could not load " + url);
    saveBinaryFile(xfile.getPath(), data);
  }
  return xfile;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static int hashCodeFor(Object a) {
  return a == null ? 0 : a.hashCode();
}

static boolean fileExists(String path) {
  return path != null && new File(path).exists();
}

static boolean fileExists(File f) {
  return f != null && f.exists();
}

static double fileAgeInSeconds(File f) {
  return f == null ? -1 : msToSeconds(now()-fileModificationTime(f));
}

static boolean deleteFile(File file) {
  return file != null && file.delete();
}



static Path toPath(File f) {
  return f == null ? null : f.toPath();
}

static void printExceptionShort(Throwable e) { printExceptionShort("", e); }
static void printExceptionShort(String prefix, Throwable e) {
  print(prefix, exceptionToStringShort(e));
}

// will create the file or update its last modified timestamp
static void touchFile(File file) { try {
  closeRandomAccessFile(newRandomAccessFile(mkdirsForFile(file), "rw"));
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

// firstDelay = delay
static FixedRateTimer doEvery(long delay, final Object r) {
  return doEvery(delay, delay, r);
}

static FixedRateTimer doEvery(long delay, long firstDelay, final Object r) {
  FixedRateTimer timer = new FixedRateTimer(shorten(programID() + ": " + r, 80));
  timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(smartTimerTask(r, timer, toInt(delay)), toInt(firstDelay), toInt(delay));
  return vmBus_timerStarted(timer);
}

// reversed argument order for fun
static FixedRateTimer doEvery(double initialSeconds, double delaySeconds, final Object r) {
  return doEvery(toMS(delaySeconds), toMS(initialSeconds), r);
}

static FixedRateTimer doEvery(double delaySeconds, final Object r) {
  return doEvery(toMS(delaySeconds), r);
}


static void touchExistingFile(File file) { try {
  if (file == null) return;
  java.nio.file.Files.setLastModifiedTime(toPath(file),
    java.nio.file.attribute.FileTime.from(java.time.Instant.now()));
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static <A> List<A> syncList() {
  return synchroList();
}



static <A> List<A> syncList(List<A> l) {
  return synchroList(l);
}

static Dimension getPreferredSize(final Component c) {
  return c == null ? null : swing(new F0<Dimension>() { public Dimension get() { try {  return c.getPreferredSize();  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret c.getPreferredSize();"; }});
}

static int getWidth(Component c) {
  return c == null ? 0 : (int) swingCall(c, "getWidth");
}

static int getHeight(Component c) {
  return c == null ? 0 : (int) swingCall(c, "getHeight");
}

static Color getBackground(final Component c) {
  return c == null ? null : swing(new F0<Color>() { public Color get() { try {  return c.getBackground();  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret c.getBackground();"; }});
}

static FontMetrics componentFontMetrics(JComponent c) {
  Font font = getFont(c);
  return font == null ? null : swing(new F0<FontMetrics>() { public FontMetrics get() { try {  return c.getFontMetrics(font);  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret c.getFontMetrics(font);"; }});
}

static int idiv_ceil(int a, int b) {
  return (a+b-1)/b;
}

static int idiv_ceil(long a, long b) {
  return toInt_checked((a+b-1)/b);
}



static boolean setText_opt = true; // optimize by calling getText first

static <A extends JTextComponent> A setText(A c, Object text) {
  setText((JComponent) c, text);
  return c;
}

static <A extends JComboBox> A setText(final A c, Object text) {
  // only for editable combo boxes at this point
  final String s = strUnnull(text);
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    c.getEditor().setItem(s);
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "c.getEditor().setItem(s);"; }}); }
  return c;
}

static void setText(JLabel c, Object text) {
  setText((JComponent) c, text);
}

static JButton setText(JButton c, Object text) {
  setText((JComponent) c, jlabel_textAsHTML_center_ifNeeded(strUnnull(text)));
  return c;
}

static <A extends JComponent> A setText(final A c, Object text) {
  if (c == null) return null;
  final String s = strUnnull(text);
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    if (!setText_opt || neq(callOpt(c, "getText"), s))
      call(c, "setText", s);
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (!setText_opt || neq(callOpt(c, \"getText\"), s))\r\n      call(c, \"setText\", s);"; }}); }
  return c;
}





static <A> List<A> asSyncList(Iterable<A> l) {
  return asSynchroList(l);
}

static <A extends Component> A _revalidate(A c) {
  return revalidate(c);
}

static void _revalidate(JFrame f) {
  revalidate(f);
}

static void _revalidate(JInternalFrame f) {
  revalidate(f);
}

static boolean endsWithNewLine(String s) {
  return endsWith(s, "\n");
}

static String lines(Iterable lines) { return fromLines(lines); }
static String lines(Object[] lines) { return fromLines(asList(lines)); }
static List<String> lines(String s) { return toLines(s); }


static String getText(final AbstractButton c) {
  return c == null ? "" : (String) swingAndWait(new F0<Object>() { public Object get() { try {  return c.getText();  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret c.getText();"; }});
}

static String getText(final JTextComponent c) {
  return c == null ? "" : (String) swingAndWait(new F0<Object>() { public Object get() { try {  return c.getText();  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret c.getText();"; }});
}

static String getText(final JLabel l) {
  return l == null ? "" : (String) swingAndWait(new F0<Object>() { public Object get() { try {  return l.getText();  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret l.getText();"; }});
}

// returns the contents of text field for editable combo box
static String getText(final JComboBox cb) {
  if (cb == null) return null;
  if (isEditableComboBox(cb))
    return unnull((String) cb.getEditor().getItem());
  else
    return str(cb.getSelectedItem());
}




static String lines_rtrimIf(boolean rtrim, List<String> lines) {
  return rtrim ? lines_rtrim(lines) : lines(lines);
}



static String copyTextToClipboard(Object _text) {
  String text = str(_text);
  StringSelection selection = new StringSelection(text);
  Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getSystemClipboard().setContents(selection, selection);
  vmBus_send("newClipboardContents", text);
  return text;
}

static UnsupportedOperationException unsupportedOperation() {
  throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}

static <A> List<A> reversedList(Iterable<A> l) {
  List<A> x = cloneList(l);
  Collections.reverse(x);
  return x;
}

static Set asSet(Object[] array) {
  HashSet set = new HashSet();
  for (Object o : array)
    if (o != null)
      set.add(o);
  return set;
}

static Set<String> asSet(String[] array) {
  TreeSet<String> set = new TreeSet();
  for (String o : array)
    if (o != null)
      set.add(o);
  return set;
}

static <A> Set<A> asSet(Iterable<A> l) {
  if (l instanceof Set) return (Set) l;
  HashSet<A> set = new HashSet();
  for (A o : unnull(l))
    if (o != null)
      set.add(o);
  return set;
}


// Note: does not clone the set (keeps multiset alive)
static <A> Set<A> asSet(MultiSet<A> ms) {
  return ms == null ? null : ms.asSet();
}


static <A, B> NavigableSet<A> navigableKeys(NavigableMap<A, B> map) {
  return map == null ? new TreeSet() : map.navigableKeySet();
}


  static <A> NavigableSet<A> navigableKeys(MultiSet<A> ms) {
    return ((NavigableMap) ms.map).navigableKeySet();
  }




static <A, B> Set<A> keySet(Map<A, B> map) {
  return map == null ? new HashSet() : map.keySet();
}

static Set keySet(Object map) {
  return keys((Map) map);
}


  static <A> Set<A> keySet(MultiSet<A> ms) {
    return ms.keySet();
  }








static Flag dm_initErrorHandling_flag = new Flag();

static void dm_initErrorHandling() {
  raiseFlagAndDo(dm_initErrorHandling_flag, new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    _handleException_addHandler("dm_initErrorHandling_handler");
    
    assertNull(_onRegisterThread);
    _onRegisterThread = new VF1<Thread>() { public void get(Thread t) { try { 
      DynModule m = dm_currentModule();
      if (m == null) printStackTrace("New thread made outside of a module");
      else m.ownTimer(t);
     } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "DynModule m = dm_currentModule();\r\n      if (m == null) printStackTrace(\"New ..."; }};
    _threadInfo_makers.add(new VF1<Map>() { public void get(Map map) { try {  mapPut(map, "dm_currentModule_value", dm_currentModule()) ; } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "mapPut(map, 'dm_currentModule_value, dm_currentModule())"; }});
    _threadInheritInfo_retrievers.add(new VF1<Map>() { public void get(Map map) { try { 
      Object mod = map.get("dm_currentModule_value");
      if (mod instanceof DynModule) dm_currentModule_value.set(new WeakReference((DynModule) mod));
     } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "O mod = map.get('dm_currentModule_value);\r\n      if (mod instanceof DynModule..."; }});
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "_handleException_addHandler(f dm_initErrorHandling_handler);\r\n    \r\n    asser..."; }});
}

static void dm_initErrorHandling_handler(Throwable e) {
  DynModule m = dm_currentModule();
  if (m == null)
    print("Weird: Error outside of module");
  else
    m.setField("_error" , persistableThrowable(e));
}



static void setMainDesktopPane(JDesktopPane desktop) {
  mainDesktopPane_value = desktop;
}

static <A> A getCreatorOpt(String field) {
  return (A) getOpt(creator(), field);
}

static <A extends Component> A possiblyInternalFrameTitle(A c, String title) {
  JInternalFrame f = getInternalFrame(c);
  if (f != null) internalFrameTitle(f, title);
  else frameTitle(getFrame(c), title);
  return c;
}

static String possiblyInternalFrameTitle(Component c) {
  JInternalFrame f = getInternalFrame(c);
  return f != null ? internalFrameTitle(f) : frameTitle(getFrame(c));
}



static void ownResource(AutoCloseable c) {
  _registerAutoCloseable(c);
}

static <A> List<A> getAndClearList(Collection<A> l) {
  if (l == null) return emptyList();
  synchronized(collectionMutex(l)) {
    List<A> out = cloneList(l);
    l.clear();
    return out;
  }
}

static <A, B> Map<A, B> getAndClearMap(Map<A, B> map) {
  if (map == null) return emptyMap();
  synchronized(collectionMutex(map)) {
    Map<A, B> out = cloneMap(map);
    map.clear();
    return out;
  }
}

static Object pcallFInRealOrMyMC(final Object realm, final Object f, final Object... args) {
  try { return callFInRealOrMyMC(realm, f, args); } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }
  return null;
}


static <A> A pcallFInRealOrMyMC(Object realm, F0<A> f) { try {
  return f == null ? null : f.get();
} catch (Throwable __e) { return null; } }



static <A, B> B pcallFInRealOrMyMC(Object realm, F1<A, B> f, A a) { try {
  return f == null ? null : f.get(a);
} catch (Throwable __e) { return null; } }


static Rect dm_getBounds(Object module) {
  return shallowCloneToClass(Rect.class,call(dm_getStem(module), "getFrameRect"));
}


static Rect dm_getBounds() {
  return dm_getBounds(dm_current_generic());
}


static boolean hasMethod_onTypes(Object o, String method, Class... argTypes) {
  return findMethod_precise_onTypes(o, method, argTypes) != null;
}

static void dm_onTopInput_q(final VF1<String> r) {
  final DynModule m = dm_current_mandatory();
  dm_onTopInput(new VF1<String>() { public void get(final String s) { try { 
    m.q().add(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    callF(r, s);
   
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "callF(r, s);"; }}); } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "switch to m.q();\r\n    callF(r, s);"; }});
}

static WeakReference<Object> creator_class;

static Object creator() {
  return creator_class == null ? null : creator_class.get();
}

static AutoCloseable combineAutoCloseables(final AutoCloseable a, final AutoCloseable b) {
  return a == null ? b : b == null ? a : new AutoCloseable() { public String toString() { return "a.close(); b.close();"; } public void close() throws Exception { a.close(); b.close(); }};
}

static AutoCloseable combineAutoCloseables(AutoCloseable a, AutoCloseable b, AutoCloseable c, AutoCloseable... more) {
  return combineAutoCloseables(concatLists(ll(a, b, c), asList(more)));
}

static AutoCloseable combineAutoCloseables(Iterable<AutoCloseable> l) {
  return foldl(new F2<AutoCloseable, AutoCloseable, AutoCloseable>() { public AutoCloseable get(AutoCloseable a, AutoCloseable b) { try {  return combineAutoCloseables(a,b);  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "combineAutoCloseables(a,b)"; }}, null, l);
}

static ThreadLocal realMC_tl_tl = new ThreadLocal();

static ThreadLocal realMC_tl() {
  return realMC_tl_tl;
}

// accept purpose argument so we are a drop-in for tempVerboseLock
static AutoCloseable tempLock(Lock lock) { return tempLock("", lock); }
static AutoCloseable tempLock(String purpose, Lock lock) {
  if (lock == null) return null;
  lock(lock);
  return new AutoCloseable() { public String toString() { return "unlock(lock);"; } public void close() throws Exception { unlock(lock); }};
}

static <A> boolean addIfNotThere(Collection<A> c, A a) {
  return setAdd(c, a);
}

static <A extends JSpinner> A onChange(A spinner, Object r) {
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  spinner.addChangeListener(changeListener(r)); 
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "spinner.addChangeListener(changeListener(r));"; }}); }
  return spinner;
}

static <A extends AbstractButton> A onChange(A b, Object r) {
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  b.addItemListener(itemListener(r)); 
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "b.addItemListener(itemListener(r));"; }}); }
  return b;
}

static void onChange(JTextComponent tc, Object r) {
  onUpdate(tc, r);
}

static <A extends JSlider> A onChange(A slider, final Object r) {
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  slider.addChangeListener(changeListener(r)); 
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "slider.addChangeListener(changeListener(r));"; }}); }
  return slider;
}

static JComboBox onChange(Object r, JComboBox cb) {
  return onChange(cb, r);
}

static JComboBox onChange(JComboBox cb, final Object r) {
  if (isEditableComboBox(cb))
    onChange(textFieldFromComboBox(cb), r);
  else
    onSelectedItem(cb, new VF1<String>() { public void get(String s) { try {  callF(r) ; } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "callF(r)"; }});
  return cb;
}

// action = runnable or method name
static void onUpdateAndNow(JComponent c, final Object r) {
  onUpdate(c, r);
  callF(r);
}

static void onUpdateAndNow(List<? extends JComponent> l, Object r) {
  for (JComponent c : l)
    onUpdate(c, r);
  callF(r);
}

// action = runnable or method name
static void onUpdate(JComponent c, final Object r) {
  if (c instanceof JTextComponent)
    ((JTextComponent) c).getDocument().addDocumentListener(new DocumentListener() {
      public void insertUpdate(DocumentEvent e) {
        call(r);
      }
      public void removeUpdate(DocumentEvent e) {
        call(r);
      }
      public void changedUpdate(DocumentEvent e) {
        call(r);
      }
    });
  else if (c instanceof ItemSelectable) // JCheckBox and others
    ((ItemSelectable) c).addItemListener(new ItemListener() {
      public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) {
        call(r);
      }
    });
  else
    print("Warning: onUpdate doesn't know " + getClassName(c));
}

static void onUpdate(List<? extends JComponent> l, Object r) {
  for (JComponent c : l)
    onUpdate(c, r);
}

static void zeroAllFieldsOfTypeExcept(Object o, Class type, String... exceptions) {
  zeroAllFieldsOfTypeExcept(o, type, asSet(exceptions));
}

static void zeroAllFieldsOfTypeExcept(Object o, Class type, Collection<String> exceptions) {
  Set<String> set = asSet(exceptions);
  for (String field : allFields(o))
    if (!set.contains(field) && instanceOf(getOpt(o, field), type))
      set(o, field, null);
}

static List<AbstractAction> paramsToAbstractActions(Object... params) {
  List<AbstractAction> l = new ArrayList();
  for (int i = 0; i+1 < l(params); i += 2) {
    String text =  (String) (params[i]);
    Runnable action =  (Runnable) (params[i+1]);
    if (nempty(text))
      l.add(abstractAction(text, action));
  }
  return l;
}

static void internalFramePopupMenuFromActions_threaded(Container f, List<AbstractAction> actions) {
  if (!(f instanceof JInternalFrame)) return;
  for (final AbstractAction a : unnull(actions))
    if (a != null)
      internalFramePopupMenuItem(((JInternalFrame) f), str(a.getValue(Action.NAME)), runnableThread(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  callAction(a) ;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "callAction(a)"; }}));
}

static <A> LinkedHashSet<A> asLinkedHashSet(A[] array) {
  LinkedHashSet<A> set = new LinkedHashSet();
  for (A o : array)
    if (o != null)
      set.add(o);
  return set;
}

static <A> LinkedHashSet<A> asLinkedHashSet(Collection<A> l) {
  if (l instanceof LinkedHashSet) return (LinkedHashSet) l;
  LinkedHashSet<A> set = new LinkedHashSet();
  for (A o : l)
    if (o != null)
      set.add(o);
  return set;
}

static List<String> splitAtSpace(String s) {
  return empty(s) ? emptyList() : asList(s.split("\\s+"));
}

static Class fieldType(Object o, String field) {
  Field f = getField(o, field);
  return f == null ? null : f.getType();
}

static void dm_boolFieldMenuItem(Container frame, final String field, final Object... __) {
  final DynModule m = dm_current_mandatory();
  final String humanized = humanizeFormLabel(field);
  internalFrameTitlePopupMenu(((JInternalFrame) frame), new VF1<JPopupMenu>() { public void get(JPopupMenu menu) { try { 
    menu.add(jCheckBoxMenuItem(humanized, (boolean) _get(m, field), new VF1<Boolean>() { public void get(Boolean b) { try { 
      m.setField(field, b);
      callF(optPar(__, "onSet"));
     } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "m.setField(field, b);\r\n      callF(optPar(_, 'onSet));"; }}));
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "menu.add(jCheckBoxMenuItem(humanized, (bool) _get(m, field), voidfunc(bool b)..."; }});
}

static void dm_intFieldMenuItem(Container frame, final String field, final Object... __) {
  final DynModule m = dm_current_mandatory();
  final String humanized = humanizeFormLabel(field);
  internalFramePopupMenuItem(((JInternalFrame) frame), humanizeFormLabel(field) + "...", new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    final JTextField tf = jtextfield(get(m, field));
    showFormTitled(or2(stringOptPar(__, "formTitle"), "Set " + humanized),
      humanized + ":", tf, new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
        m.setField(field, parseInt(gtt(tf)));
        callF(optPar(__, "onSet"));
      
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "m.setField(field, parseInt(gtt(tf)));\r\n        callF(optPar(__, \"onSet\"));"; }});
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "final JTextField tf = jtextfield(get(m, field));\r\n    showFormTitled(or2(stri..."; }});
}

static void dm_longFieldMenuItem(Container frame, final String field, final Object... __) {
  final DynModule m = dm_current_mandatory();
  final String humanized = humanizeFormLabel(field);
  internalFramePopupMenuItem(((JInternalFrame) frame), humanizeFormLabel(field) + "...", new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    final JTextField tf = jtextfield(get(m, field));
    showFormTitled(or2(stringOptPar(__, "formTitle"), "Set " + humanized),
      humanized + ":", tf, new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
        m.setField(field, parseLong(gtt(tf)));
        callF(optPar(__, "onSet"));
      
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "m.setField(field, parseLong(gtt(tf)));\r\n        callF(optPar(__, \"onSet\"));"; }});
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "final JTextField tf = jtextfield(get(m, field));\r\n    showFormTitled(or2(stri..."; }});
}

static void dm_doubleFieldMenuItem(Container frame, final String field, final Object... __) {
  final DynModule m = dm_current_mandatory();
  internalFramePopupMenuItem(((JInternalFrame) frame), humanizeFormLabel(field) + "...", new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
     AutoCloseable __1 = m.enter(); try {
    dm_doubleFieldSetterDialog(field, __);
  
} finally { _close(__1); }} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "temp m.enter();\r\n    dm_doubleFieldSetterDialog(field, __);"; }});
}

static void dm_floatFieldMenuItem(Container frame, String field, Object... __) {
  DynModule m = dm_current_mandatory();
  internalFramePopupMenuItem(((JInternalFrame) frame), humanizeFormLabel(field) + "...", new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
     AutoCloseable __1 = m.enter(); try {
    dm_floatFieldSetterDialog(field, __);
  
} finally { _close(__1); }} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "temp m.enter();\r\n    dm_floatFieldSetterDialog(field, __);"; }});
}

static void dm_stringFieldMenuItem(Container frame, final String field, final Object... __) {
  final DynModule m = dm_current_mandatory();
  internalFramePopupMenuItem(((JInternalFrame) frame), humanizeFormLabel(field) + "...", new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
     AutoCloseable __1 = m.enter(); try {
    dm_stringFieldDialog(field, __);
  
} finally { _close(__1); }} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "temp m.enter();\r\n    dm_stringFieldDialog(field, __);"; }});
}

static void dm_fileFieldMenuItem(Container frame, String field, Object... __) {
  DynModule m = dm_current_mandatory();
  internalFramePopupMenuItem(((JInternalFrame) frame), humanizeFormLabel(field) + "...", new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
     AutoCloseable __1 = m.enter(); try {
    dm_fileFieldDialog(field, __);
  
} finally { _close(__1); }} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "temp m.enter();\r\n    dm_fileFieldDialog(field, __);"; }});
}

static ReliableSingleThread dm_rst(Runnable r) {
  return dm_rst(dm_current_mandatory(), r);
}

static ReliableSingleThread dm_rst(DynModule mod, Runnable r) {
  return dm_rst(mod, new ReliableSingleThread(r));
}

static ReliableSingleThread dm_rst(DynModule mod, ReliableSingleThread rst) {
  rst.enter = dm_rEnter(mod);
  return rst;
}

static Q dm_startQ() {
  return dm_ownQ(startQ());
}

static Q dm_startQ(String name) {
  return dm_ownQ(startQ(name));
}

static JComponent dm_noVisualisation() {
  return setToolTip("Module has no visualization", jimage("#1101480"));
}

static String snippetTitle(String id) {
  return getSnippetTitle(id);
}

static String snippetTitle(long id) {
  return getSnippetTitle(id);
}


static Class mainClass() {
  return getMainClass();
}

static Class mainClass(Object o) {
  return getMainClass(o);
}

static <A, B> Map<A, B> mapMinus(Map<A, B> map, Object... keys) {
  if (empty(keys)) return map;
  Map<A, B> m2 = cloneMap(map);
  for (Object key : keys)
    m2.remove(key);
  return m2;
}

static <A, B> Map<A, B> mapPlus(Map<A, B> m, Object... data) {
  m = cloneMap(m);
  litmap_impl(m, data);
  return m;
}

static Set<java.util.Timer> _registerTimer_list = newWeakHashSet();

static void _registerTimer_original(java.util.Timer timer) {
  _registerTimer_list.add(timer);
}

static void cleanMeUp__registerTimer() {
  cancelTimers(getAndClearList(_registerTimer_list));
}

static String dbBotName(String progIDWithCase) {
  return fsI_flex(progIDWithCase) + " Concepts";
}

static Map<String, Integer> findBot_cache = synchroHashMap();
static int findBot_timeout = 5000;

static DialogIO findBot(String searchPattern) {
  // first split off sub-bot suffix
  String subBot = null;
  int i = searchPattern.indexOf('/');
  if (i >= 0 && (isJavaIdentifier(searchPattern.substring(0, i)) || isInteger(searchPattern.substring(0, i)))) {
    subBot = searchPattern.substring(i+1);
    searchPattern = searchPattern.substring(0, i);
    if (!isInteger(searchPattern))
      searchPattern = "Multi-Port at " + searchPattern + ".";
  }
  
  // assume it's a port if it's an integer
  if (isInteger(searchPattern))
    return talkToSubBot(subBot, talkTo(parseInt(searchPattern)));
    
  if (eq(searchPattern, "remote"))
    return talkToSubBot(subBot, talkTo("second.tinybrain.de", 4999));
    
  Integer port = findBot_cache.get(searchPattern);
  if (port != null) try {
    DialogIO io = talkTo("localhost", port);
    io.waitForLine(/*findBot_timeout*/); // TODO: implement
    String line = io.readLineNoBlock();
    if (indexOfIgnoreCase(line, searchPattern) == 0) {
      call(io, "pushback", line); // put hello string back in
      return talkToSubBot(subBot, io);
    }
  } catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  }
  
  List<ProgramScan.Program> bots = quickBotScan();
  
  // find top-level bots
  for (ProgramScan.Program p : bots) {
    if (indexOfIgnoreCase(p.helloString, searchPattern) == 0) { // strict matching - start of hello string only, but case-insensitive
      findBot_cache.put(searchPattern, p.port);
      return talkToSubBot(subBot, talkTo("localhost", p.port));
    }
  }
  
  // find sub-bots
  for (ProgramScan.Program p : bots) {
    String botName = firstPartOfHelloString(p.helloString);
    boolean isVM = startsWithIgnoreCase(p.helloString, "This is a JavaX VM.");
    boolean shouldRecurse = startsWithIgnoreCase(botName, "Multi-Port") || isVM;
        
    if (shouldRecurse) try {
      Map<Number, String> subBots = (Map) unstructure(sendToLocalBotQuietly(p.port, "list bots"));
      for (Number vport : subBots.keySet()) {
        String name = subBots.get(vport);
        if (startsWithIgnoreCase(name, searchPattern))
          return talkToSubBot(vport.longValue(), talkTo("localhost", p.port));
      }
    } catch (Throwable __e) { print(exceptionToStringShort(__e)); }
  }
        
  return null;
}

static void nohupJavax(final String javaxargs) {
  { startThread(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  call(hotwireOnce("#1008562"), "nohupJavax", javaxargs); 
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "call(hotwireOnce(\"#1008562\"), \"nohupJavax\", javaxargs);"; }}); }
}

static void nohupJavax(final String javaxargs, final String vmArgs) {
  { startThread(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  call(hotwireOnce("#1008562"), "nohupJavax", javaxargs, vmArgs); 
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "call(hotwireOnce(\"#1008562\"), \"nohupJavax\", javaxargs, vmArgs);"; }}); }
}

static long waitForBotStartUp_timeoutSeconds = 60;

// returns address or fails
static String waitForBotStartUp(String botName) {
  for (int i = 0; i < waitForBotStartUp_timeoutSeconds; i++) {
    sleepSeconds(i == 0 ? 0 : 1);
    String addr = getBotAddress(botName);
    if (addr != null)
      return addr;
  }
  throw fail("Bot not found: " + quote(botName));
}

static Object rpc(String botName, String method, Object... args) {
  return unstructure_matchOK2OrFail(
    sendToLocalBot(botName, rpc_makeCall(method, args)));
}

static Object rpc(DialogIO bot, String method, Object... args) {
  return unstructure_matchOK2OrFail(
    bot.ask(rpc_makeCall(method, args)));
}

static String rpc_makeCall(String method, Object... args) {
  if (empty(args))
    return "call " + method;
  return format("call *", concatLists((List) ll(method), asList(args)));
}

static <A extends Concept> A uniq(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  return uniqueConcept(c, params);
}

static <A extends Concept> A uniq(Concepts cc, Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  return uniqueConcept(cc, c, params);
}

static void close(AutoCloseable c) {
  _close(c);
}

static Class _run(String progID, String... args) {
  Class main = hotwire(progID);
  callMain(main, args);
  return main;
}

static <A> A syncPopFirst(List<A> l) {
  if (empty(l)) return null;
  synchronized(l) {
    A a = first(l);
    l.remove(0);
    return a;
  }
}

static volatile boolean readLine_noReadLine = false;

static String readLine_lastInput;
static String readLine_prefix = "[] ";

static String readLine() {
  if (readLine_noReadLine) return null;
  String s = readLineHidden();
  if (s != null) {
    readLine_lastInput = s;
    print(readLine_prefix + s);
  }
  return s;
}

  static String format3(String pat, Object... args) {
    if (args.length == 0) return pat;
    
    List<String> tok = javaTokPlusPeriod(pat);
    int argidx = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i < tok.size(); i += 2)
      if (tok.get(i).equals("*"))
        tok.set(i, format3_formatArg(argidx < args.length ? args[argidx++] : "null"));
    return join(tok);
  }
  
  static String format3_formatArg(Object arg) {
    if (arg == null) return "null";
    if (arg instanceof String) {
      String s = (String) arg;
      return isIdentifier(s) || isNonNegativeInteger(s) ? s : quote(s);
    }
    if (arg instanceof Integer || arg instanceof Long) return String.valueOf(arg);
    return quote(structure(arg));
  }
  


static <A> A getWeakRef(Reference<A> ref) {
  return ref == null ? null : ref.get();
}

static void cancelAndInterruptThread(Thread t) {
  if (t == null) return;
  cancelThread(t);
  t.interrupt();
}



static Object _onAWTEnter_f;

static AutoCloseable _onAWTEnter() {
  return (AutoCloseable) callF(_onAWTEnter_f);
}

static JDesktopPane mainDesktopPane_value;

static JDesktopPane mainDesktopPane() {
  return mainDesktopPane_value;
}

volatile static boolean conceptsAndBot_running = false;
static boolean conceptsAndBot_thinOnStart = true;

static void conceptsAndBot() {
  conceptsAndBot(null);
}

static void conceptsAndBot(Integer autoSaveInterval) {
  if (conceptsAndBot_running) return;
  conceptsAndBot_running = true;
  
  Concepts cc = db_mainConcepts();
  try {
    if (cc.useFileLock) {
      if (!cc.fileLock().tryToLock()) {
        ensureDBNotRunning(dbBotStandardName());
        cc.fileLock().forceLock();
      }
    } else
      ensureDBNotRunning(dbBotStandardName());
  } catch (Throwable _e) {
    cc.dontSave = true; // SAFETY
  
throw rethrow(_e); }
  
  cc.persist(autoSaveInterval);
  dbBot(false);
  
  if (conceptsAndBot_thinOnStart) { try {
    thinAProgramsBackups(getDBProgramID(), true);
  } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }}
}

// named like this for historic reasons
static InheritableThreadLocal<WeakReference> dm_currentModule_value = new InheritableThreadLocal();

static Object dm_current_generic() {
  return getWeakRef(dm_currentModule_value.get());
}

// prevent memory leak
static void cleanMeUp_dm_current_generic() {
  dm_currentModule_value = new InheritableThreadLocal();
}

static boolean interruptThread_verbose = false;

static void interruptThread(Thread t) {
  if (t == null) return;
  if (interruptThread_verbose) print("Interrupting thread " + t);
  
  // note reason in global map
  
  vm_threadInterruptionReasonsMap().put(t, getStackTrace());
  
  t.interrupt();
  URLConnection c =  (URLConnection) (vm_generalSubMap("URLConnection per thread").get(t));
  if (c != null) { try {
    print("Closing URLConnection of interrupted thread.");
    call(c, "disconnect");
  } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }}
}


static void cancelTimer(javax.swing.Timer timer) {
  if (timer != null) timer.stop();
}


static void cancelTimer(java.util.Timer timer) {
  if (timer != null) timer.cancel();
}

static void cancelTimer(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof java.util.Timer) cancelTimer((java.util.Timer) o);
  
  else if (o instanceof javax.swing.Timer) cancelTimer((javax.swing.Timer) o);
  
  else if (o instanceof AutoCloseable) { try { ((AutoCloseable) o).close(); } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }}
}

static <A, B> List<B> lookupAllOpt(Map<A, B> map, Collection<A> l) {
  List<B> out = new ArrayList();
  if (l != null) for (A a : l)
    addIfNotNull(out, map.get(a));
  return out; 
}

static <A, B> List<B> lookupAllOpt(Collection<A> l, Map<A, B> map) {
  return lookupAllOpt(map, l);
}

// TODO: if field is a Ref<>, you can thoretically use findBackRefs

static <A extends Concept> A findConceptWhere(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  return findConceptWhere(db_mainConcepts(), c, params);
}

static <A extends Concept> A findConceptWhere(Concepts concepts, Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  ping();
  params = expandParams(c, params);
  
  // indexed
  if (concepts.fieldIndices != null)
    for (int i = 0; i < l(params); i += 2) {
      IFieldIndex<A, Object> index = concepts.getFieldIndex(c, (String) params[i]);
      if (index != null) {
        for (A x : index.getAll(params[i+1]))
          if (checkConceptFields(x, params)) return x;
        return null;
      }
    }
    
  // table scan
  for (A x : concepts.list(c)) if (checkConceptFields(x, params)) return x;
  return null;
}

static Concept findConceptWhere(Concepts concepts, String c, Object... params) {
  for (Concept x : concepts.list(c)) if (checkConceptFields(x, params)) return x;
  return null;
}


static String programIDWithCase() {
  return nempty(caseID())
    ? programID() + "/" + quoteUnlessIdentifierOrInteger(caseID())
    : programID();
}

static boolean cic(Collection<String> l, String s) {
  return containsIgnoreCase(l, s);
}



static boolean cic(String[] l, String s) {
  return containsIgnoreCase(l, s);
}

static boolean cic(String s, char c) {
  return containsIgnoreCase(s, c);
}

static boolean cic(String a, String b) {
  return containsIgnoreCase(a, b);
}


static String getInnerMessage(Throwable e) {
  if (e == null) return null;
  return getInnerException(e).getMessage();
}

static boolean boolPar(ThreadLocal<Boolean> tl) {
  return boolOptParam(tl);
}



// defaults to false
static boolean boolPar(Object[] __, String name) {
  return boolOptParam(__, name);
}

static boolean boolPar(String name, Object[] __) {
  return boolOptParam(__, name);
}

static boolean boolPar(String name, Map __) {
  return boolOptParam(name, __);
}

static boolean boolPar(String name, Object[] params, boolean defaultValue) {
  return optParam(params, name, defaultValue);
}


static <A> A lastThat(List<A> l, Object pred) {
  for (int i = l(l)-1; i >= 0; i--) {
    A a = l.get(i);
    if (checkCondition(pred, a))
      return a;
  }
  return null;
}

static <A> A lastThat(Object pred, List<A> l) {
  return lastThat(l, pred);
}

static <A> A lastThat(IF1<A, Boolean> pred, List<A> l) {
  return lastThat((Object) pred, l);
}

static <A> A lastThat(List<A> l, IF1<A, Boolean> pred) {
  return lastThat(pred, l);
}

static boolean fileNotEmpty(File f) {
  return isFile(f) && fileSize(f) > 0;
}

static List<File> sortByFileName(List<File> l) {
  return sortFilesByName(l);
}

// sorted by descending date
static List<File> conceptBackupFiles(String progID) {
  String regexp = "^(.*)\\.backup(20\\d\\d)(\\d\\d)(\\d\\d)-(\\d\\d)$";
  File dir = programDir(progID);
  List<File> l = new ArrayList();
  for (File f : listFilesNotDirs(dir, newFile(dir, "backups"))) {
    String s = f.getName();
    String originalName = regexpFirstGroup(regexp, s);
    { if (!(eq(originalName, "concepts.structure.gz"))) continue; }
    l.add(f);
  }
  return sortFilesByNameDesc(l);
}

static void logQuotedWithTime(String s) {
  logQuotedWithTime(standardLogFile(), s);
}

static void logQuotedWithTime(File logFile, String s) {
  logQuoted(logFile, logQuotedWithTime_format(s));
}

static void logQuotedWithTime(String logFile, String s) {
  logQuoted(logFile, logQuotedWithTime_format(s));
}

static String logQuotedWithTime_format(String s) {
  return /*formatGMTWithDate_24*/(now()) + " " + s;
}

static String stringIf(boolean b, String s) {
  return stringIfTrue(b, s);
}

static void clearConceptsOf(String progID) {
  getProgramFile(progID, "concepts.structure").delete();
  getProgramFile(progID, "concepts.structure.gz").delete();
  getProgramFile(progID, "idCounter.structure").delete();
}

static Map<String, String> singular_specials = litmap(
  "children", "child", "images", "image", "chess", "chess");
  
static Set<String> singular_specials2 = litciset("time", "machine", "line", "rule");

static String singular(String s) {
  if (s == null) return null;
  { String __1 = singular_specials.get(s); if (!empty(__1)) return __1; }
  //try answer hippoSingulars().get(lower(s));
  if (singular_specials2.contains(dropSuffix("s", afterLastSpace(s))))
    return dropSuffix("s", s);
  if (s.endsWith("ness")) return s;
  if (s.endsWith("ges")) return dropSuffix("s", s);
  if (endsWith(s, "bases")) return dropLast(s);
  s = dropSuffix("es", s);
  s = dropSuffix("s", s);
  return s;
}

static List<String> getPlural_specials = ll("sheep", "fish");

static String getPlural(String s) {
  if (containsIgnoreCase(getPlural_specials, s)) return s;
  if (ewic(s, "y")) return dropSuffixIgnoreCase("y", s) + "ies";
  if (ewicOneOf(s, "ss", "ch")) return s + "es";
  if (ewic(s, "s")) return s;
  return s + "s";
}

static <A> List<A> concatLists(Iterable<A>... lists) {
  List<A> l = new ArrayList();
  if (lists != null) for (Iterable<A> list : lists)
    addAll(l, list);
  return l;
}

static <A> List<A> concatLists(Collection<? extends Iterable<A>> lists) {
  List<A> l = new ArrayList();
  if (lists != null) for (Iterable<A> list : lists)
    addAll(l, list);
  return l;
}


static Lock saveLock_lock = fairLock();

static Lock saveLock() {
  return saveLock_lock;
}

static String conceptsFileName() {
  return "concepts.structure.gz";
}

static String dbProgramID() {
  return getDBProgramID();
}

static File tempFileFor(File f) {
  return new File(f.getPath() + "_temp");
}

static String formatDouble(double d, int digits) {
  String format = digits <= 0 ? "0" : "0." + rep(digits, '#');
  return decimalFormatEnglish(format, d);
}


static double toM_double(long l) {
  return l/(1024*1024.0);
}

static boolean containsNewLine(String s) {
  return contains(s, '\n'); // screw \r, nobody needs it
}

public static String rtrimSpaces(String s) {
  if (s == null) return null;
  int i = s.length();
  while (i > 0 && " \t".indexOf(s.charAt(i-1)) >= 0)
    --i;
  return i < s.length() ? s.substring(0, i) : s;
}

static int year() {
  return localYear();
}

static int year(long now) {
  return localYear(now);
}

static int year(long now, TimeZone tz) {
  return parseInt(simpleDateFormat("y", tz).format(now));
}

static int month() {
  return localMonth();
}

static int month(long now) {
  return localMonth(now);
}

static int month(long now, TimeZone tz) {
  return parseInt(simpleDateFormat("M", tz).format(now));
}

static int dayOfMonth() {
  return localDayOfMonth();
}

static int dayOfMonth(long now) {
  return localDayOfMonth(now);
}

static int dayOfMonth(long now, TimeZone tz) {
  return parseInt(simpleDateFormat("d", tz).format(now));
}

static String padLeft(String s, char c, int n) {
  return rep(c, n-l(s)) + s;
}

// default to space
static String padLeft(String s, int n) {
  return padLeft(s, ' ', n);
}

static java.util.Calendar calendarFromTime(long time, TimeZone tz) {
  java.util.Calendar c = java.util.Calendar.getInstance(tz);
  c.setTimeInMillis(time);
  return c;
}

static java.util.Calendar calendarFromTime(long time) {
  java.util.Calendar c = java.util.Calendar.getInstance();
  c.setTimeInMillis(time);
  return c;
}

// r may return false to cancel timer
static TimerTask smartTimerTask(Object r, java.util.Timer timer, long delay) {
  return new SmartTimerTask(r, timer, delay, _threadInfo());
}

static class SmartTimerTask extends TimerTask implements IFieldsToList{
  Object r;
  java.util.Timer timer;
  long delay;
  Object threadInfo;
  SmartTimerTask() {}
  SmartTimerTask(Object r, java.util.Timer timer, long delay, Object threadInfo) {
  this.threadInfo = threadInfo;
  this.delay = delay;
  this.timer = timer;
  this.r = r;}
  public String toString() { return shortClassName(this) + "(" + r + ", " + timer + ", " + delay + ", " + threadInfo + ")"; }public Object[] _fieldsToList() { return new Object[] {r, timer, delay, threadInfo}; }

  long lastRun;
  
  public void run() {
    if (!licensed())
      timer.cancel();
    else {
      _threadInheritInfo(threadInfo);
       AutoCloseable __1 = tempActivity(r); try {
      lastRun = fixTimestamp(lastRun);
      long now = now();
      if (now >= lastRun + delay*0.9) {
        lastRun = now;
        if (eq(false, pcallF(r)))
          timer.cancel();
      }
    } finally { _close(__1); }}
  }
}

static long toMS(double seconds) {
  return (long) (seconds*1000);
}

static void close_pcall(AutoCloseable c) {
  if (c != null) { try { c.close(); } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }}
}

static void preCleanUp(Object c) {
  if (c instanceof Collection) { for (Object o : ((Collection) c)) preCleanUp(o); return; }
  callOpt(c, "licensed_off");
  setOpt(c, "ping_anyActions" , true); // so ping notices
  setOpt(c, "cleaningUp_flag" , true);
}

static void innerCleanUp(Object c) {
  // call custom cleanMeUp() and cleanMeUp_*() functions
  
  if (!isFalse(pcallOpt(c, "cleanMeUp")))
    for (String name : sorted(methodsStartingWith(c, "cleanMeUp_"))) try {
      callOpt(c, name);
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      print("Error cleaning up: " + programID(c));
      _handleException(e);
    }
}

static void innerCleanUp() {
  innerCleanUp(mc());
}

static Object pcallOpt(Object o, String method, Object... args) {
  try { return callOpt(o, method, args); } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }
  return null;
}

static List<Thread> registeredThreads(Object o) {
  Map<Thread, Boolean> map =  (Map<Thread, Boolean>) (getOpt(o, "_registerThread_threads"));
  if (map == null) return ll();
  map.size(); // force clean-up
  synchronized(map) { return asList(keys(map)); }
}

static List<Thread> registeredThreads() {
  _registerThread_threads.size(); // force clean-up
  return asList(keys(_registerThread_threads));
}

static void interruptThreads(Collection<Thread> threads) {
  for (Thread t : unnull(threads))
    interruptThread(t);
}

static void interruptThreads(Class mainClass) {
  interruptThreads(registeredThreads(mainClass));
}

static void retireClassLoader(ClassLoader cl) {
  if (isJavaXClassLoader(cl))
    setOptAll(cl, "retired" , true, "retiredMarker" , new DefunctClassLoader());
}


static String dynamicClassName(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof DynamicObject && ((DynamicObject) o).className != null)
    return "main$" + ((DynamicObject) o).className;
  return className(o);
}

// not a very good one
static boolean instanceOf(Object o, String className) {
  if (o == null) return false;
  String c = o.getClass().getName();
  return eq(c, className) || eq(c, "main$" + className);
}

// better
static boolean instanceOf(Object o, Class c) {
  if (c == null) return false;
  return c.isInstance(o);
}

static boolean instanceOf(Class c, Object o) {
  return instanceOf(o, c);
}

static int csetAll(Concept c, Object... values) {
  return cset(c, values);
}

static int csetAll(Iterable<? extends Concept> l, Object... values) {
  int n = 0;
  for (Concept c : unnull(l))
    n += cset(c, values);
  return n;
}

static <A extends Concept> Object[] expandParams(Class<A> c, Object[] params) {
  if (l(params) == 1)
    params = new Object[] { singleFieldName(c), params[0] };
  else
    warnIfOddCount(params);
  return params;
}


// returns true if change
static boolean _csetField(Concept c, String field, Object value) { try {
  Field f = setOpt_findField(c.getClass(), field);
  //print("cset: " + c.id + " " + field + " " + struct(value) + " " + f);
  if (value instanceof RC) value = c._concepts.getConcept((RC) value);
  value = deref(value);
  
  if (value instanceof String && l((String) value) >= concepts_internStringsLongerThan) value = intern((String) value);
  
  if (f == null) {
    // dynamic field (undeclared)
    
    assertIdentifier(field);
    Object oldVal = mapGet(c.fieldValues, field);
    
    if (value instanceof Concept) {
      if (oldVal instanceof Concept.Ref)
        // change existing reference
        return ((Concept.Ref) oldVal).set(((Concept) value));
      else {
        // overwrite non-reference value if any,
        // create new reference
        c.fieldValues = syncMapPut2_createLinkedHashMap(c.fieldValues, field, c.new Ref(((Concept) value)));
        c.change(); return true;
      }
    } else {
      // value is not a concept
      
      // if it was a reference, cleanly delete it
      if (oldVal instanceof Concept.Ref) ((Concept.Ref) oldVal).unindexAndDrop();
    
      if (eq(oldVal, value)) return false;
      
      if (isConceptList(value)) {
        // TODO: clean-up etc
        c.fieldValues = syncMapPut2_createLinkedHashMap(c.fieldValues, field, c.new RefL(((List) value)));
        c.change(); return true;
      }
      
      if (value == null) {
        // delete field
        syncMapRemove(c.fieldValues, field);
      } else {
        // update or create field
        c.fieldValues = syncMapPut2_createLinkedHashMap(c.fieldValues, field, value);
      }
      c.change(); return true;
    }
  } else if (isSubtypeOf(f.getType(), Concept.Ref.class)) {
    // Concept.Ref magic
    ((Concept.Ref) f.get(c)).set((Concept) derefRef(value));
    c.change(); return true;
  } else if (isSubtypeOf(f.getType(), Concept.RefL.class)) {
    // Concept.RefL magic
    ((Concept.RefL) f.get(c)).replaceWithList(lmap(__43 -> derefRef(__43),(List) value));
    c.change(); return true;
  } else {
    Object old = f.get(c);
    if (neq(value, old)) {
      f.set(c, value);
      if (!isTransient(f)) c.change(); 
      return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static <A> A getVar(IF0<A> v) {
  return v == null ? null : v.get();
}

static String loadTextFilePossiblyGZipped(String fileName) {
  return loadTextFilePossiblyGZipped(fileName, null);
}
  
static String loadTextFilePossiblyGZipped(String fileName, String defaultContents) {
  File gz = new File(fileName + ".gz");
  return gz.exists() ? loadGZTextFile(gz) : loadTextFile(fileName, defaultContents);
}

static String loadTextFilePossiblyGZipped(File fileName) {
  return loadTextFilePossiblyGZipped(fileName, null);
}

static String loadTextFilePossiblyGZipped(File fileName, String defaultContents) {
  return loadTextFilePossiblyGZipped(fileName.getPath(), defaultContents);
}


static void assertNotOnAWTThread() {
  assertFalse("Can't do this in AWT thread", isAWTThread());
}
  

static Concepts newConceptsWithClassFinder(String progID) {
  Concepts cc = new Concepts(progID);
  cc.classFinder = _defaultClassFinder();
  return cc;
}

static boolean containsIgnoreCase(Collection<String> l, String s) {
  if (l != null) for (String x : l)
    if (eqic(x, s))
      return true;
  return false;
}

static boolean containsIgnoreCase(String[] l, String s) {
  if (l != null) for (String x : l)
    if (eqic(x, s))
      return true;
  return false;
}

static boolean containsIgnoreCase(String s, char c) {
  return indexOfIgnoreCase(s, String.valueOf(c)) >= 0;
}

static boolean containsIgnoreCase(String a, String b) {
  return indexOfIgnoreCase(a, b) >= 0;
}

static Object getOptMC(String field) {
  return getOpt(mc(), field);
}

static void addToContainer(Container a, Component... b) {
  if (a == null) return;
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    for (Component c : unnull(b))
      if (c != null) 
        a.add(c);
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "for (Component c : unnull(b))\r\n      if (c != null) \r\n        a.add(c);"; }}); }
}

static Method findMethod_cached(Object o, String method, Object... args) { try {
  if (o == null) return null;
  if (o instanceof Class) {
    _MethodCache cache = callOpt_getCache(((Class) o));
    List<Method> methods = cache.cache.get(method);
    if (methods != null) for (Method m : methods)
      if (isStaticMethod(m) && findMethod_checkArgs(m, args, false))
        return m;
    return null;
  } else {
    _MethodCache cache = callOpt_getCache(o.getClass());
    List<Method> methods = cache.cache.get(method);
    if (methods != null) for (Method m : methods)
      if (findMethod_checkArgs(m, args, false))
        return m;
    return null;
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }


static JPanel jpanel(LayoutManager layout) {
  return swingNu(JPanel.class, layout);
}

static JPanel jpanel() {
  return swingNu(JPanel.class);
}

static JScrollPane setScrollPaneBackground(Color c, JScrollPane sp) {
  if (sp != null && c != null) { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  sp.getViewport().setBackground(c); 
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "sp.getViewport().setBackground(c);"; }}); }
  return sp;
}

static JScrollPane jscroll(final Component c) {
  return swing(new F0<JScrollPane>() { public JScrollPane get() { try {  return new JScrollPane(c);  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret new JScrollPane(c);"; }});
}

static <A extends JComponent> A withTypeWriterFont(A c) {
  return setFont(c, typeWriterFont());
}

static <A> A swingNu(final Class<A> c, final Object... args) {
  return swingConstruct(c, args);
}



static ThreadLocal<MouseEvent> componentPopupMenu_mouseEvent;

static void componentPopupMenu_init() {
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    if (componentPopupMenu_mouseEvent == null)
      componentPopupMenu_mouseEvent = (ThreadLocal<MouseEvent>) vm_generalMap_get("mouseEvent");
    if (componentPopupMenu_mouseEvent == null)
      vm_generalMap_put("componentPopupMenu_mouseEvent" , componentPopupMenu_mouseEvent = new ThreadLocal());
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (componentPopupMenu_mouseEvent == null)\r\n      componentPopupMenu_mouseEve..."; }}); }
}

// menuMaker = voidfunc(JPopupMenu)
static void componentPopupMenu(final JComponent component, final Object menuMaker) {
  if (component == null || menuMaker == null) return;
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    Object adapter = componentPopupMenu_initForComponent(component);
    ((List) _get(adapter, "maker")).add(menuMaker);
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "Object adapter = componentPopupMenu_initForComponent(component);\r\n    ((List)..."; }}); }
}

static Object componentPopupMenu_initForComponent(final JComponent component) {
  return component == null ? null : swing(new F0<Object>() { public Object get() { try { 
    componentPopupMenu_init();
    Object adapter = findComponentPopupMenuListener_gen(component);
    if (adapter == null) {
      componentPopupMenu_Adapter a = new componentPopupMenu_Adapter();
      component.addMouseListener(a);
      adapter = a;
    }
    return adapter;
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "componentPopupMenu_init();\r\n    O adapter = findComponentPopupMenuListener_ge..."; }});
}

static class componentPopupMenu_Adapter extends MouseAdapter {
  List maker = new ArrayList();
  boolean internalFrameLeftButtonMagic = false;
  
  Point pressedAt;

  public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
    displayMenu(e);
    pressedAt = internalFrameLeftButtonMagic && e.getClickCount() == 1 && internalFrameActive(e.getComponent()) ? e.getLocationOnScreen() : null;
  }
  
  public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
    // TODO: show a little less often on left mouse click
    if (internalFrameLeftButtonMagic && eq(pressedAt, e.getLocationOnScreen()))
      displayMenu2(e);
    else
      displayMenu(e);
  }

  void displayMenu(MouseEvent e) {
    if (e.getSource() instanceof JInternalFrame) return;
    if (e.isPopupTrigger()) displayMenu2(e);
  }
    
  void displayMenu2(MouseEvent e) {
    JPopupMenu menu = new JPopupMenu();
    int emptyCount = menu.getComponentCount();
    
     AutoCloseable __1 = tempSetTL(componentPopupMenu_mouseEvent, e); try {
    for (Object menuMaker : maker)
      pcallF(menuMaker, menu);
      
    vmBus_send("showingPopupMenu", e.getComponent(), menu);
    
    // show menu if any items in it
    if (menu.getComponentCount() != emptyCount)
      menu.show(e.getComponent(), e.getX(), e.getY());
  } finally { _close(__1); }}
}



static void addMenuItem(JPopupMenu menu, String text, Object action) {
  menu.add(jmenuItem(text, action));
}

static void addMenuItem(JPopupMenu menu, JMenuItem menuItem) {
  menu.add(menuItem);
}

static void addMenuItem(JMenu menu, String text, Object action) {
  menu.add(jmenuItem(text, action));
}

static void addMenuItem(Menu menu, String text, Object action) {
  menu.add(menuItem(text, action));
}

static void addMenuItem(JMenu menu, JMenuItem menuItem) {
  menu.add(menuItem);
}


static void clearStringBuffer_gen(Object buf) {
  if (buf != null) {
    call(buf, "setLength", 0);
    call(buf, "trimToSize");
  }
}

static DynModule dm_current_mandatory() {
  return assertNotNull("No module set!", dm_currentModule());
}

static void swingEvery(JComponent component, long delay, Object r) {
  installTimer(component, delay, r);
}

static void swingEvery(JComponent component, long delay, long firstDelay, Object r) {
  installTimer(component, r, delay, firstDelay);
}

static void swingEvery(RootPaneContainer frame, long delay, Object r) {
  installTimer(frame, delay, r);
}

static void swingEvery(RootPaneContainer frame, long delay, long firstDelay, Object r) {
  installTimer(frame, delay, firstDelay, r);
}





// first delay = delay
static Timer installTimer(JComponent component, Object r, long delay) {
  return installTimer(component, r, delay, delay);
}

// first delay = delay
static Timer installTimer(RootPaneContainer frame, long delay, Object r) {
  return installTimer(frame.getRootPane(), r, delay, delay);
}

// first delay = delay
static Timer installTimer(JComponent component, long delay, Object r) {
  return installTimer(component, r, delay, delay);
}

static Timer installTimer(JComponent component, long delay, long firstDelay, Object r) {
  return installTimer(component, r, delay, firstDelay);
}

static Timer installTimer(final JComponent component, final Object r, final long delay, final long firstDelay) {
  return installTimer(component, r, delay, firstDelay, true);
}

static Timer installTimer(final JComponent component, final Object r, final long delay, final long firstDelay, final boolean repeats) {
  if (component == null) return null;
  return (Timer) swingAndWait(new F0<Object>() { public Object get() { try { 
    final Var<Timer> timer = new Var();
    timer.set(new Timer(toInt(delay), new java.awt.event.ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent _evt) { try {
       AutoCloseable __1 = tempActivity(r); try {
      try {
        if (!allPaused())
          if (isFalse(callF(r)))
            cancelTimer(timer.get());
      } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }
    } finally { _close(__1); }} catch (Throwable __e) { messageBox(__e); }}}));
    timer.get().setInitialDelay(toInt(firstDelay));
    timer.get().setRepeats(repeats);
    bindTimerToComponent(timer.get(), component);
    return timer.get();
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "final new Var<Timer> timer;\r\n    timer.set(new Timer(toInt(delay), actionList..."; }});
}

static Timer installTimer(RootPaneContainer frame, long delay, long firstDelay, Object r) {
  return installTimer(frame.getRootPane(), delay, firstDelay, r);
}


static StringBuffer liveLocalPrintLog() {
  return local_log;
}

// f: func -> A | endMarker
static <A> IterableIterator<A> iff(Object f) {
  return iteratorFromFunction_withEndMarker(f);
}

// can't use type parameter because end marker
static IterableIterator iff(F0 f) {
  return iteratorFromFunction_withEndMarker(f);
}

static <A> IterableIterator iff(IF0 f) {
  return iteratorFromFunction_withEndMarker(f);
}

static Object endMarker() {
  return iteratorFromFunction_endMarker;
}

static <A> List<A> wrapAsList(A[] a) {
  return wrapArrayAsList(a);
}



static <A> IterableIterator<A> emptyItIt() {
  return emptyIterableIterator();
}

static <A> ArrayList<A> cloneListSynchronizingOn(Collection<A> l, Object mutex) {
  if (l == null) return new ArrayList();
  synchronized(mutex) {
    return new ArrayList<A>(l);
  }
}

static char charAt(String s, int i) {
  return s != null && i >= 0 && i < s.length() ? s.charAt(i) : '\0';
}

static int latestInstalledJavaX() {
  File[] files = new File(userHome(), ".javax").listFiles();
  int v = 0;
  if (files != null) for (File f : files) {
    Matcher m = regexpMatcher("x(\\d\\d\\d?)\\.jar", f.getName());
    if (m.matches())
      v = Math.max(v, Integer.parseInt(m.group(1)));
  }
  return v;
}

static String x30JarServerURL() {
  return "http://botcompany.de:8081/x30.jar";
}

static double msToSeconds(long ms) {
  return toSeconds(ms);
}

static long fileModificationTime(File f) {
  return f == null ? 0 : f.lastModified();
}

static void closeRandomAccessFile(RandomAccessFile f) {
  if (f != null) try {
    f.close();
    callJavaX("dropIO", f);
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    printStackTrace(e);
  }
}

static RandomAccessFile newRandomAccessFile(File path, String mode) { try {
  boolean forWrite = mode.indexOf('w') >= 0;
  if (forWrite) mkdirsForFile(path);
  RandomAccessFile f = new RandomAccessFile(path, mode);
  
  callJavaX("registerIO", f, path, forWrite);
  
  return f;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static <A> A vmBus_timerStarted(A timer) {
  vmBus_send("timerStarted",timer, costCenter());
  return timer;
}

static Object swingCall(final Object o, final String method, final Object... args) {
  return swing(new F0<Object>() { public Object get() { try {  return call(o, method, args);  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret call(o, method, args);"; }});
}

static Font getFont(JComponent c) {
  return c == null ? null : swing(new F0<Font>() { public Font get() { try {  return c.getFont();  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret c.getFont();"; }});
}

static String strUnnull(Object o) {
  return o == null ? "" : str(o);
}

static String jlabel_textAsHTML_center_ifNeeded(String text) {
  if (swic(text, "<html>") && ewic(text, "</html>")) return text;
  if (!containsNewLines(text)) return text;
  return jlabel_textAsHTML_center(text);
}

static <A> List<A> asSynchroList(Iterable<A> l) {
  return syncList(cloneList(l));
}


static <A extends Component> A revalidate(final A c) {
  if (c == null || !c.isShowing()) return c;
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    // magic combo to actually relayout and repaint
    c.revalidate();
    c.repaint();
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "// magic combo to actually relayout and repaint\r\n    c.revalidate();\r\n    c.r..."; }}); }
  return c;
}

static void revalidate(JFrame f) { revalidate((Component) f); }
static void revalidate(JInternalFrame f) { revalidate((Component) f); }

// usually L<S>
static String fromLines(Iterable lines) {
  StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
  if (lines != null)
    for (Object line : lines)
      buf.append(str(line)).append('\n');
  return buf.toString();
}

static String fromLines(String... lines) {
  return fromLines(asList(lines));
}

static IterableIterator<String> toLines(File f) {
  return linesFromFile(f);
}

static List<String> toLines(String s) {
  List<String> lines = new ArrayList<String>();
  if (s == null) return lines;
  int start = 0;
  while (true) {
    int i = toLines_nextLineBreak(s, start);
    if (i < 0) {
      if (s.length() > start) lines.add(s.substring(start));
      break;
    }

    lines.add(s.substring(start, i));
    if (s.charAt(i) == '\r' && i+1 < s.length() && s.charAt(i+1) == '\n')
      i += 2;
    else
      ++i;

    start = i;
  }
  return lines;
}

static int toLines_nextLineBreak(String s, int start) {
  int n = s.length();
  for (int i = start; i < n; i++) {
    char c = s.charAt(i);
    if (c == '\r' || c == '\n')
      return i;
  }
  return -1;
}

static boolean isEditableComboBox(final JComboBox cb) {
  return cb != null && swing(new F0<Boolean>() { public Boolean get() { try {  return cb.isEditable();  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret cb.isEditable();"; }});
}

static String lines_rtrim(Collection lines) {
  return rtrim_fromLines(lines);
}

static void raiseFlagAndDo(Flag flag, Runnable r) {
  if (flag.raise()) callF(r);
}

static void _handleException_addHandler(Object handler) {
  addIfNotThere(_handleException_onException, handler);
}

static <A> A assertNull(A a) {
  assertTrue(a == null);
  return a;
}

static <A> A assertNull(String msg, A a) {
  assertTrue(msg, a == null);
  return a;
}

static <A, B> void mapPut(Map<A, B> map, A key, B value) {
  if (map != null && key != null && value != null) map.put(key, value);
}


static <A, B> void mapPut(Map<A, B> map, Pair<A, B> p) {
  if (map != null && p != null) map.put(p.a, p.b);
}


static JInternalFrame getInternalFrame(final Object _o) {
  return _o == null ? null : swing(new F0<JInternalFrame>() { public JInternalFrame get() { try { 
    Object o = _o;
    if (o instanceof ButtonGroup) o = first(buttonsInGroup((ButtonGroup) o));
    if (!(o instanceof Component)) return null;
    Component c = (Component) o;
    while (c != null) {
      if (c instanceof JInternalFrame) return (JInternalFrame) c;
      c = c.getParent();
    }
    return null;
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "O o = _o;\r\n    if (o instanceof ButtonGroup) o = first(buttonsInGroup((Button..."; }});
}

static <A extends Component> A internalFrameTitle(A c, final String title) {
  final JInternalFrame f = getInternalFrame(c);
  if (f != null) { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    f.setTitle(unnull(title));
    toolTip(getInternalFrameTitlePaneComponent(f), title);
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "f.setTitle(unnull(title));\r\n    toolTip(getInternalFrameTitlePaneComponent(f)..."; }}); }
  return c;
}

static <A extends Component> A internalFrameTitle(String title, A c) {
  return internalFrameTitle(c, title);
}

static String internalFrameTitle(Component c) {
  final JInternalFrame f = getInternalFrame(c);
  return f == null ? null : swing(new F0<String>() { public String get() { try {  return f.getTitle();  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret f.getTitle();"; }});
}


static <A extends Component> A frameTitle(A c, String title) {
  return setFrameTitle(c, title);
}

static <A extends Component> A frameTitle(String title, A c) {
  return setFrameTitle(c, title);
}

static String frameTitle(Component c) {
  return getFrameTitle(c);
}


static JFrame getFrame(final Object _o) {
  return swing(new F0<JFrame>() { public JFrame get() { try { 
    Object o = _o;
    if (o instanceof ButtonGroup) o = first(buttonsInGroup((ButtonGroup) o));
    if (!(o instanceof Component)) return null;
    Component c = (Component) o;
    while (c != null) {
      if (c instanceof JFrame) return (JFrame) c;
      c = c.getParent();
    }
    return null;
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "O o = _o;\r\n    if (o instanceof ButtonGroup) o = first(buttonsInGroup((Button..."; }});
}

static Set<AutoCloseable> _registerAutoCloseable_set = synchroHashSet();

static void _registerAutoCloseable(AutoCloseable c) {
  addIfNotNull(_registerAutoCloseable_set, c);
}

static void cleanMeUp__registerAutoCloseable() {
  closeAutoCloseables(getAndClearList(_registerAutoCloseable_set));
}


  static <A> A callFInRealOrMyMC(Object realm, F0<A> f) {
    return f == null ? null : f.get();
  }



  static <A, B> B callFInRealOrMyMC(Object realm, F1<A, B> f, A a) {
    return f == null ? null : f.get(a);
  }



  static <A, B, C> C callFInRealOrMyMC(Object realm, F2<A, B, C> f, A a, B b) {
    return f == null ? null : f.get(a, b);
  }



  static <A> void callFInRealOrMyMC(Object realm, VF1<A> f, A a) {
    if (f != null) f.get(a);
  }


static Object callFInRealOrMyMC(Object realm, Object f, Object... args) {
  if (f instanceof String) {
    Class mc = getMainClass(realm);
    if (hasMethod(mc, ((String) f), args))
      return call(mc, ((String) f), args);
  }
  return callF(f, args);
}

static <A> A shallowCloneToClass(Class<A> c, Object o) {
  if (o == null) return null;
  A a = nuInstance(c);
  copyFields(o, a);
  return a;
}

static Object dm_getStem(Object moduleOrID) {
  if (isString(moduleOrID) && isIdentifier(((String) moduleOrID)))
    moduleOrID = dm_getService(((String) moduleOrID));
  if (isStringOrIntOrLong(moduleOrID))
    return dm_getStemByID(moduleOrID);
  return or(getOpt(dm_getModule(moduleOrID), "_host"), moduleOrID);
}

static Method findMethod_precise_onTypes(Object o, String method, Class... argTypes) { try {
  if (o instanceof Class) {
    _MethodCache cache = callOpt_getCache(((Class) o));
    List<Method> methods = cache.cache.get(method);
    Lowest<Method> best = new Lowest();
    if (methods != null) for (Method m : methods) {
      { if (!(isStaticMethod(m))) continue; }
      int score = methodApplicabilityScore_onTypes(m, argTypes);
      if (score < Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
        /*if (preciseCall_debug)
          print("Method score: " + m + " " + score);*/
        best.put(m, score);
      }
    }
    return best.get();
  }
  
  if (o == null) return null;
  _MethodCache cache = callOpt_getCache(o.getClass());
  List<Method> methods = cache.cache.get(method);
  Lowest<Method> best = new Lowest();
  if (methods != null) for (Method m : methods) {
    int score = methodApplicabilityScore_onTypes(m, argTypes);
    if (score < Integer.MAX_VALUE)
      best.put(m, score);
  }
  return best.get();
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }


static void dm_onTopInput(final VF1<String> r) {
  final DynModule m = dm_current_mandatory();
  dm_ownResource(vmBus_onMessage("topInput", new VF1<String>() { public void get(final String s) { try { 
    m.enter();
    callF(r, s)
  ; } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "m.enter();\r\n    callF(r, s)"; }}));
}

static void dm_onTopInput(final Runnable r) {
  final DynModule m = dm_current_mandatory();
  dm_ownResource(vmBus_onMessage("topInput", new VF1<String>() { public void get(final String s) { try { 
    m.enter();
    callF(r)
  ; } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "m.enter();\r\n    callF(r)"; }}));
}

static <A, B> A foldl(F2<A, B, A> f, A seed, Iterable<B> l) {
  A a = seed;
  if (l != null) for(B b : l)
    a = callF(f, a, b);
  return a;
}

static <A, B> A foldl(F2<A, B, A> f, A seed, B[] l) {
  A a = seed;
  if (l != null) for(B b : l)
    a = callF(f, a, b);
  return a;
}

static <A, B> A foldl(Object f, A seed, B[] l) {
  A a = seed;
  if (l != null) for(B b : l)
    a = (A) callF(f, a, b);
  return a;
}

static <A> boolean setAdd(Collection<A> c, A a) {
  if (c == null || c.contains(a)) return false;
  c.add(a);
  return true;
}

static ChangeListener changeListener(final Object r) {
  return new ChangeListener() {
    public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) {
      pcallF(r);
    }
  };
}

static ItemListener itemListener(final Object r) {
  return new ItemListener() {
    public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) {
      pcallF(r);
    }
  };
}

static JTextField textFieldFromComboBox(JComboBox cb) {
  return (JTextField) cb.getEditor().getEditorComponent();
}

static JComboBox onSelectedItem(final JComboBox cb, final VF1<String> f) {
  addActionListener(cb, new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    pcallF(f, selectedItem(cb))
  ;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "pcallF(f, selectedItem(cb))"; }});
  return cb;
}

static void internalFramePopupMenuItem(Container f, final String name, final Object action) {
  internalFrameTitlePopupMenuItem(((JInternalFrame) f), name, action);
}

static Runnable runnableThread(final Runnable r) {
  return new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  startThread(r) ;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "startThread(r)"; }};
}

static void callAction(Action a) {
  if (a != null) a.actionPerformed(null);
}

static Field getField(Object o, String field) {
  if (o == null) return null;
  return setOpt_findField(_getClass(o), field);
}

static Map<String, String> humanizeFormLabel_replacements = litmap("id" , "ID", "md5" , "MD5");

static String humanizeFormLabel(String s) {
  if (containsSpace(s)) return s;
  return firstToUpper(
    joinWithSpace(replaceElementsUsingMap(splitCamelCase(s), humanizeFormLabel_replacements)).replace("I D", "ID")
  );
}

// menuMaker = voidfunc(JPopupMenu)
static void internalFrameTitlePopupMenu(final JInternalFrame f, final Object... params) {
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    Object menuMaker;
    if (l(params) == 1 && !(params[0] instanceof JMenu))
      menuMaker = params[0];
    else
      menuMaker = new VF1<JPopupMenu>() { public void get(JPopupMenu menu) { try {  addMenuItems(menu, params) ; } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "addMenuItems(menu, params)"; }};
    
    Component titleComponent = getInternalFrameTitlePaneComponent(f);
    if (!(titleComponent instanceof JComponent))
      print("Can't add internal frame title popup menu!");
    else {
      componentPopupMenu((JComponent) titleComponent, menuMaker);
      setOpt(componentPopupMenu_initForComponent((JComponent) titleComponent), "internalFrameLeftButtonMagic" , isTrue(vm_generalMap_get("internalFramePopupOnLeftButton")));
    }
      
    // Also add to the frame so we can show the items e.g. in a JFrame menu
    componentPopupMenu(f, menuMaker);
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "Object menuMaker;\r\n    if (l(params) == 1 && !(params[0] instanceof JMenu))\r\n..."; }}); }
}

// r : runnable or voidfunc(bool)
static JCheckBoxMenuItem jCheckBoxMenuItem(String text, boolean checked, final Object r) {
  final JCheckBoxMenuItem mi = new JCheckBoxMenuItem(text, checked);
  addActionListener(mi, new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  callF(r, isChecked(mi)) ;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "callF(r, isChecked(mi))"; }});
  return mi;
}

static <A> A _get(List<A> l, int idx) {
  return l != null && idx >= 0 && idx < l(l) ? l.get(idx) : null;
}

static Object _get(Object o, String field) {
  return get(o, field);
}

static Object _get(String field, Object o) {
  return get(o, field);
}
static <A> A _get(A[] l, int idx) {
  return idx >= 0 && idx < l(l) ? l[idx] : null;
}

static JTextField jtextfield() {
  return jTextField();
}

static JTextField jtextfield(String text) {
  return jTextField(text);
}

static JTextField jtextfield(Object o) {
  return jTextField(o);
}


static int showForm_defaultGap = 4;
static int showForm_gapBetweenColumns = 10;

static JPanel showFormTitled(final String title, final Object... _parts) {
  JDesktopPane desktop = mainDesktopPane();
  if (desktop != null) return showInternalFrameFormTitled(desktop, title, _parts);
  return swing(new F0<JPanel>() { public JPanel get() { try { 
    final Var<JFrame> frame = new Var();
    JPanel panel = showForm_makePanel(false, _parts);
    frame.set(showForm_makeFrame(title, panel));
    return panel;
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "final new Var<JFrame> frame;\r\n    JPanel panel = showForm_makePanel(false, _p..."; }});
}

static JPanel showForm_makePanel(Boolean internalFrame, Object... _parts) {
  List<JComponent> out = showForm_arrange1(showForm_makeComponents(internalFrame, _parts));
  return vstackWithSpacing(out, showForm_defaultGap);
}

static String stringOptPar(Object[] params, String name) {
  return (String) optPar(params, name);
}

static String gtt(JTextComponent c) {
  return getTextTrim(c);
}

static String gtt(JComboBox cb) {
  return getTextTrim(cb);
}

static void dm_doubleFieldSetterDialog(String field, Object... __) {
  final DynModule m = dm_current_mandatory();
  final String humanized = humanizeFormLabel(field);
  final JTextField tf = jtextfield(get(m, field));
  showFormTitled(or2(stringOptPar(__, "formTitle"), "Set " + humanized),
    humanized + ":", tf, new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
      m.setField(field, parseDouble(gtt(tf)));
      callF(optPar(__, "onSet"));
    
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "m.setField(field, parseDouble(gtt(tf)));\r\n      callF(optPar(__, \"onSet\"));"; }});
}

static void dm_floatFieldSetterDialog(String field, Object... __) {
  DynModule m = dm_current_mandatory();
  String humanized = humanizeFormLabel(field);
  JTextField tf = jtextfield(get(m, field));
  showFormTitled(or2(stringOptPar(__, "formTitle"), "Set " + humanized),
    humanized + ":", tf, new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
      m.setField(field, parseFloat(gtt(tf)));
      callF(optPar(__, "onSet"));
    
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "m.setField(field, parseFloat(gtt(tf)));\r\n      callF(optPar(__, \"onSet\"));"; }});
}

static void dm_stringFieldDialog(final String field, final Object... __) {
  final DynModule m = dm_current_mandatory();
  final String humanized = humanizeFormLabel(field);
  final JTextField tf = jtextfield(get(m, field));
  showFormTitled(or2(stringOptPar(__, "formTitle"), "Set " + humanized),
    humanized + ":", tf, new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
      m.setField(field, gtt(tf));
      callF(optPar(__, "onSet"));
    
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "m.setField(field, gtt(tf));\r\n      callF(optPar(__, \"onSet\"));"; }});
}

static void dm_fileFieldDialog(final String field, final Object... __) {
  DynModule m = dm_current_mandatory();
  String humanized = humanizeFormLabel(field);
  JTextField tf = jtextfield(strOrNull(get(m, field)));
  showFormTitled(or2(stringOptPar(__, "formTitle"), "Set " + humanized),
    humanized + ":", tf, new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
      m.setField(field, toFile_nullOnEmpty(gtt(tf)));
      callF(optPar(__, "onSet"));
    
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "m.setField(field, toFile_nullOnEmpty(gtt(tf)));\r\n      callF(optPar(__, \"onSe..."; }});
}

static F0<AutoCloseable> dm_rEnter(final DynModule mod) {
  return mod == null ? null : new F0<AutoCloseable>() { public AutoCloseable get() { try {  return mod.enter();  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret mod.enter();"; }};
}

static Q dm_ownQ(Q q) {
  q.rst.enter = dm_rEnter(dm_current_mandatory()); 
  dm_ownResource(q);
  return q;
}

static Q startQ() {
  return new Q();
}

static Q startQ(String name) {
  return new Q(name);
}

static <A extends JComponent> A setToolTip(A c, Object toolTip) {
  return setToolTipText(c, toolTip);
}

static <A extends JComponent> A setToolTip(Object toolTip, A c) {
  return setToolTipText(c, toolTip);
}

static void setToolTip(TrayIcon trayIcon, String toolTip) {
  setTrayIconToolTip(trayIcon, toolTip);
}

static JLabel jimage(Image img) {
  return jImageLabel(img);
}

static JLabel jimage(String imageID) {
  return jImageLabel(imageID);
}

static String getSnippetTitle(String id) {
  if (id == null) return null;
  if (!isSnippetID(id)) return "?";
  
  
  IResourceLoader rl = vm_getResourceLoader();
  if (rl != null)
    return rl.getSnippetTitle(id);
  
  
  return getSnippetTitle_noResourceLoader(id);
}
  
static String getSnippetTitle_noResourceLoader(String id) { try {
  if (isLocalSnippetID(id)) return localSnippetTitle(id);
  long parsedID = parseSnippetID(id);
  String url;
  if (isImageServerSnippet(parsedID))
    url = imageServerURL() + "title/" + parsedID + muricaCredentialsQuery();
  else if (isGeneralFileServerSnippet(parsedID))
    url = "http://butter.botcompany.de:8080/files/name/" + parsedID;
  else
    url = tb_mainServer() + "/tb-int/getfield.php?id=" + parsedID + "&field=title" + standardCredentials_noCookies();
  String title = trim(loadPageSilently(url));
  if (title != null)
    try { saveTextFileIfChanged(snippetTitle_cacheFile(id), title); } catch (Throwable __e) { print(exceptionToStringShort(__e)); }
  return or(title, "?");
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static String getSnippetTitle(long id) {
  return getSnippetTitle(fsI(id));
}


static <A> Set<A> newWeakHashSet() {
  return synchroWeakHashSet();
}

static void cancelTimers(Collection timers) {
  for (Object timer : timers) cancelTimer(timer);
}

static String fsI_flex(String s) {
  return startsWithDigit(s) ? "#" + s : s;
}

static DialogIO talkToSubBot(final long vport, final DialogIO io) {
  return talkToSubBot(String.valueOf(vport), io);
}

static DialogIO talkToSubBot(final String subBot, final DialogIO io) {
  if (subBot == null) return io;
  return new talkToSubBot_IO(subBot, io);
}

static class talkToSubBot_IO extends DialogIO {
  String subBot;
  DialogIO io;
  
  talkToSubBot_IO(String subBot, DialogIO io) {
  this.io = io;
  this.subBot = subBot;}
  
  // delegate all but sendLine
  boolean isStillConnected() { return io.isStillConnected(); }
  String readLineImpl() { return io.readLineImpl(); }
  boolean isLocalConnection() { return io.isLocalConnection(); }
  Socket getSocket() { return io.getSocket(); }
  public void close() { try { io.close(); } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

  void sendLine(String line) {
    io.sendLine(format3("please forward to bot *: *", subBot, line));
  }
}

static DialogIO talkTo(int port) {
  return talkTo("localhost", port);
}

static int talkTo_defaultTimeout = 10000; // This is the CONNECT timeout
static int talkTo_timeoutForReads = 0; // Timeout waiting for answers (0 = no timeout)

static ThreadLocal<Map<String, DialogIO>> talkTo_byThread = new ThreadLocal();

static DialogIO talkTo(String ip, int port) { try {
  String full = ip + ":" + port;
  Map<String, DialogIO> map = talkTo_byThread.get();
  if (map != null && map.containsKey(full)) return map.get(full);
  
  if (isLocalhost(ip) && port == vmPort()) return talkToThisVM();

  return new talkTo_IO(ip, port);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static class talkTo_IO extends DialogIO { 
  String ip;
  int port;
  Socket s;
  Writer w;
  BufferedReader in;
  
  talkTo_IO(String ip, int port) {
  this.port = port;
  this.ip = ip; try {
    s = new Socket();
    try {
      if (talkTo_timeoutForReads != 0)
        s.setSoTimeout(talkTo_timeoutForReads);
      s.connect(new InetSocketAddress(ip, port), talkTo_defaultTimeout);
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      throw fail("Tried talking to " + ip + ":" + port, e);
    }
  
    w = new OutputStreamWriter(s.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
    in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  boolean isLocalConnection() {
    return s.getInetAddress().isLoopbackAddress();
  }
  
  boolean isStillConnected() {
    return !(eos || s.isClosed());
  }
  
  void sendLine(String line) { try {
    Lock __0 = lock; lock(__0); try {
    w.write(line + "\n");
    w.flush();
  } finally { unlock(__0); } } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  String readLineImpl() { try {
    return in.readLine();
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  public void close() {
    try {
      if (!noClose) s.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      // whatever
    }
  }
  
  Socket getSocket() {
    return s;
  }
}

// works on lists and strings and null

static int indexOfIgnoreCase(List<String> a, String b) {
  return indexOfIgnoreCase(a, b, 0);
}

static int indexOfIgnoreCase(List<String> a, String b, int i) {
  int n = a == null ? 0 : a.size();
  for (; i < n; i++)
    if (eqic(a.get(i), b)) return i;
  return -1;
}

static int indexOfIgnoreCase(String a, String b) {
  return indexOfIgnoreCase_manual(a, b);
  /*Matcher m = Pattern.compile(b, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE + Pattern.LITERAL).matcher(a);
  if (m.find()) return m.start(); else ret -1;*/
}

static int indexOfIgnoreCase(String a, String b, int i) {
  return indexOfIgnoreCase_manual(a, b, i);
}

static List<ProgramScan.Program> quickBotScan() {
  return ProgramScan.quickBotScan();
}

static List<ProgramScan.Program> quickBotScan(int[] preferredPorts) {
  return ProgramScan.quickBotScan(preferredPorts);
}

static List<ProgramScan.Program> quickBotScan(String searchPattern) {
  List<ProgramScan.Program> l = new ArrayList<ProgramScan.Program>();
  for (ProgramScan.Program p : ProgramScan.quickBotScan())
    if (indexOfIgnoreCase(p.helloString, searchPattern) == 0)
      l.add(p);
  return l;
}


static String firstPartOfHelloString(String s) {
  int i = s.lastIndexOf('/');
  return i < 0 ? s : rtrim(s.substring(0, i));
}

static boolean startsWithIgnoreCase(String a, String b) {
  return regionMatchesIC(a, 0, b, 0, b.length());
}

static String sendToLocalBotQuietly(String bot, String text, Object... args) {
  text = format3(text, args);
  
   DialogIO channel = newFindBot2(bot); try {
  if (channel == null)
    throw fail(quote(bot) + " not found");
  try {
    channel.readLine();
    channel.sendLine(text);
    String s = channel.readLine();
    return s;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    return null;
  }
} finally { _close(channel); }}

static String sendToLocalBotQuietly(int port, String text, Object... args) {
  text = format3(text, args);
   DialogIO channel = talkTo(port); try {
  try {
    channel.readLine();
    channel.sendLine(text);
    String s = channel.readLine();
    return s;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    return null;
  }
} finally { _close(channel); }}

static Class hotwireOnce(String programID) {
  return hotwireCached(programID, false);
}

static String getBotAddress(String bot) {
  List<ScannedBot> l = fullBotScan(bot);
  return empty(l) ? null : first(l).address;
}

static Object unstructure_matchOK2OrFail(String s) {
  if (swic(s, "ok "))
    return unstructure_startingAtIndex(s, 3);
  else
    throw fail(s);
}

static String sendToLocalBot(String bot, String text, Object... args) {
  text = format3(text, args);
  
   DialogIO channel = findBot(bot); try {
  if (channel == null)
    throw fail(quote(bot) + " not found");
  try {
    channel.readLine();
    print(bot + "> " + shorten(text, 80));
    channel.sendLine(text);
    String s = channel.readLine();
    print(bot + "< " + shorten(s, 80));
    return s;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    return null;
  }
} finally { _close(channel); }}

static String sendToLocalBot(int port, String text, Object... args) {
  text = format3(text, args);
   DialogIO channel = talkTo(port); try {
  try {
    channel.readLine();
    print(port + "> " + shorten(text, 80));
    channel.sendLine(text);
    String s = channel.readLine();
    print(port + "< " + shorten(s, 80));
    return s;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    return null;
  }
} finally { _close(channel); }}

  static String format(String pat, Object... args) {
    return format3(pat, args);
  }


static <A extends Concept> A uniqueConcept(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  return uniqueConcept(db_mainConcepts(), c, params);
}

static <A extends Concept> A uniqueConcept(Concepts cc, Class<A> c, Object... params) {
   AutoCloseable __1 = tempDBLock(cc); try {
  params = expandParams(c, params);
  A x = findConceptWhere(cc, c, params);
  if (x == null) {
    x = unlisted(c);
    csetAll(x, params);
    cc.register(x);
  }
  return x;
} finally { _close(__1); }}

static String readLineHidden() { try {
  if (get(javax(), "readLine_reader") == null)
    set(javax(), "readLine_reader" , new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in, "UTF-8")));
  try {
    return ((BufferedReader) get(javax(), "readLine_reader")).readLine();
  } finally {
    consoleClearInput();
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

// This is made for NL parsing.
// It's javaTok extended with "..." token, "$n" and "#n" and
// special quotes (which are converted to normal ones).

static List<String> javaTokPlusPeriod(String s) {
  List<String> tok = new ArrayList<String>();
  if (s == null) return tok;
  int l = s.length();
  
  int i = 0;
  while (i < l) {
    int j = i;
    char c; String cc;
    
    // scan for whitespace
    while (j < l) {
      c = s.charAt(j);
      cc = s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l));
      if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
        ++j;
      else if (cc.equals("/*")) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && !s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l)).equals("*/"));
        j = Math.min(j+2, l);
      } else if (cc.equals("//")) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && "\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) < 0);
      } else
        break;
    }
    
    tok.add(s.substring(i, j));
    i = j;
    if (i >= l) break;
    c = s.charAt(i);
    cc = s.substring(i, Math.min(i+2, l));

    // scan for non-whitespace
    if (c == (char) 0x201C || c == (char) 0x201D) c = '"'; // normalize quotes
    if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
      char opener = c;
      ++j;
      while (j < l) {
        char _c = s.charAt(j);
        if (_c == (char) 0x201C || _c == (char) 0x201D) _c = '"'; // normalize quotes
        if (_c == opener) {
          ++j;
          break;
        } else if (s.charAt(j) == '\\' && j+1 < l)
          j += 2;
        else
          ++j;
      }
      if (j-1 >= i+1) {
        tok.add(opener + s.substring(i+1, j-1) + opener);
        i = j;
        continue;
      }
    } else if (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && (Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)) || s.charAt(j) == '\'')); // for things like "this one's"
    else if (Character.isDigit(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
    else if (cc.equals("[[")) {
      do ++j; while (j+1 < l && !s.substring(j, j+2).equals("]]"));
      j = Math.min(j+2, l);
    } else if (cc.equals("[=") && i+2 < l && s.charAt(i+2) == '[') {
      do ++j; while (j+2 < l && !s.substring(j, j+3).equals("]=]"));
      j = Math.min(j+3, l);
    } else if (s.substring(j, Math.min(j+3, l)).equals("..."))
      j += 3;
    else if (c == '$' || c == '#')
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
    else
      ++j;

    tok.add(s.substring(i, j));
    i = j;
  }
  
  if ((tok.size() % 2) == 0) tok.add("");
  return tok;
}


static boolean isNonNegativeInteger(String s) {
  int n = l(s);
  if (n == 0) return false;
  int i = 0;
  while (i < n) {
    char c = s.charAt(i);
    if (c < '0' || c > '9') return false;
    ++i;
  }
  return true;
}

static void cancelThread(Thread t) {
  if (t == null) return;
  ping();
  
  /*O mc = getWeakRef((WeakReference) vm_generalWeakSubMap("thread2mc").get(t));
  ifdef cancelThread_verbose
  print("cancelThread: mc=" + mc);
  endifdef
  if (mc != null) {
    Map ping_actions = cast get(mc, 'ping_actions);
    synchronized(ping_actions) {
      ping_actions.put(t, "cancelled");
      set(mc, ping_anyActions := true);
    }
  } else*/ synchronized(ping_actions) {
    ping_actions.put(t, "cancelled");
    ping_anyActions = true;
  }
  
}



// requires ugly casting when used (O -> A)
static Object iteratorFromFunction_endMarker = new Object();

// f: func -> A | endMarker
static <A> IterableIterator<A> iteratorFromFunction_withEndMarker(final Object f) {
  class IFF extends IterableIterator<A> {
    A a;
    boolean have, done;
    
    public boolean hasNext() {
      getNext();
      return !done;
    }
    
    public A next() {
      getNext();
      if (done) throw fail();
      A _a = a;
      a = null;
      have = false;
      return _a;
    }
    
    void getNext() {
      if (done || have) return;
      Object o = callF(f);
      if (o == iteratorFromFunction_endMarker)
        { done = true; return; }
      a = (A) o;
      have = true;
    }
  };
  return new IFF();
}

// optimized version for F0 argument; TODO: do same for IF0
static <A> IterableIterator<A> iteratorFromFunction_withEndMarker(final F0 f) {
  return iteratorFromFunction_withEndMarker_f0(f);
}

static void ensureDBNotRunning(String name) {
  if (hasBot(name)) {
    try {
      String framesBot = dropSuffix(".", name) + " Frames";
      print("Trying to activate frames of running DB: " + framesBot);
      if (isOK(sendOpt(framesBot, "activate frames")) && isMainProgram())
        cleanKill();
    } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }
    throw fail("Already running: " + name);
  }
}

static void ensureDBNotRunning() {
  ensureDBNotRunning(dbBotStandardName());
}

static String dbBotStandardName() {
  String home = userHome();
  String name = dbBotName(getDBProgramID());
  if (neq(home, actualUserHome()))
    name += " " + quote(home);
  return name + ".";
}

static volatile Android3 dbBot_instance;

static Android3 dbBot() { return dbBot(true); }
static Android3 dbBot(boolean ensureNotRunning) {
  return dbBot(dbBotStandardName(), ensureNotRunning);
}

static Android3 dbBot(String name) { return dbBot(name, true); }
static Android3 dbBot(String name, boolean ensureNotRunning) {
  if (ensureNotRunning)
    ensureDBNotRunning(name);
  return dbBot_instance = methodsBot2(name, assertNotNull(db_mainConcepts()), db_standardExposedMethods(), db_mainConcepts().lock);
}

static void thinAProgramsBackups(String progID, boolean doIt) {
  List<File> files = new ArrayList();
  Map<File, Double> ageMap = new HashMap();
  
  java.util.regex.Pattern pat = regexp("^(.*)\\.backup(20\\d\\d)(\\d\\d)(\\d\\d)-(\\d\\d)$");
  //print("Processing backups of program " + progID);
  File dir = programDir(progID);
  for (File f : listFilesNotDirs(dir, newFile(dir, "backups"))) {
    String s = f.getName();
    java.util.regex.Matcher matcher = pat.matcher(s);
    { if (!(matcher.find())) continue; }
    String originalName = matcher.group(1);
    { if (!(eq(originalName, "concepts.structure.gz"))) continue; }
    //print("Found backup: " + sfu(matcherGroups(matcher)));
    int year = matcherInt(matcher, 2);
    int month = matcherInt(matcher, 3);
    int day = matcherInt(matcher, 4);
    int hour = matcherInt(matcher, 5);
    long time = timestampFromYMDH(year, month, day, hour);
    double age = ((now()-time)/1000.0/60/60/24);
    //print("Age: " + age + " days");
    ageMap.put(f, age);
    files.add(f);
  }
  
  int numDeleted = 0;
  sortByMap_inPlace(files, ageMap);
  double lastAge = -1;
  for (File f : files) {
    double age = ageMap.get(f);
    if (!thinAProgramsBackups_shouldKeep(age, lastAge)) {
      //print("Deleting: " + f);
      ++numDeleted;
      if (doIt) {
        print("Deleting: " + f);
        f.delete();
      }
    } else {
      //print("Keeping: " + f);
      lastAge = age;
    }
  }
  if (numDeleted != 0)
    print((doIt ? "Deleted: " : "Would delete: ") + n(numDeleted, "file"));
}

// age = age in days
static boolean thinAProgramsBackups_shouldKeep(double age, double lastAge) {
  return defaultAgeBasedBackupRetentionStrategy_shouldKeep(age, lastAge);
}

static <A> boolean addIfNotNull(Collection<A> l, A a) {
  return a != null && l != null & l.add(a);
}


static <A> void addIfNotNull(MultiSet<A> ms, A a) {
  if (a != null && ms != null) ms.add(a);
}


static String quoteUnlessIdentifierOrInteger(String s) {
  return quoteIfNotIdentifierOrInteger(s);
}

static boolean boolOptParam(ThreadLocal<Boolean> tl) {
  return isTrue(optPar(tl));
}

// defaults to false
static boolean boolOptParam(Object[] __, String name) {
  return isTrue(optParam(__, name));
}

static boolean boolOptParam(String name, Object[] __) {
  return boolOptParam(__, name);
}

static boolean boolOptParam(String name, Map __) {
  return isTrue(optPar(name, __));
}

static boolean isFile(File f) {
  return f != null && f.isFile();
}

static boolean isFile(String path) {
  return isFile(newFile(path));
}

static List<File> sortFilesByName(List<File> l) {
  sort(l, (a, b) -> stdcompare(a.getName(), b.getName()));
  return l;
}

static List<File> listFilesNotDirs(String dir) {
  return listFilesOnly(dir);
}

static List<File> listFilesNotDirs(File... dirs) {
  return listFilesOnly(dirs);
}

static String regexpFirstGroup(String pat, String s) {
  Matcher m = regexpMatcher(pat, s);
  if (m.find()) return m.group(1); else return null;
}

static List<File> sortFilesByNameDesc(List<File> l) {
  sort(l, (a, b) -> stdcompare(b.getName(), a.getName()));
  return l;
}

static File standardLogFile() {
  return getProgramFile("log");
}

static void logQuoted(String logFile, String line) {
  logQuoted(getProgramFile(logFile), line);
}

static void logQuoted(File logFile, String line) {
  appendToFile(logFile, quote(line) + "\n");
}

static String stringIfTrue(boolean b, String s) {
  return b ? s : "";
}

static TreeSet<String> litciset(String... items) {
  TreeSet<String> set = caseInsensitiveSet();
  for (String a : items) set.add(a);
  return set;
}



static String afterLastSpace(String s) {
  return s == null ? null : substring(s, s.lastIndexOf(' ')+1);
}

static String dropSuffixIgnoreCase(String suffix, String s) {
  return ewic(s, suffix) ? s.substring(0, l(s)-l(suffix)) : s;
}

static boolean ewicOneOf(String s, String... l) {
  if (s != null) for (String x : l) if (ewic(s, x)) return true; return false;
}

static String rep(int n, char c) {
  return repeat(c, n);
}

static String rep(char c, int n) {
  return repeat(c, n);
}

static <A> List<A> rep(A a, int n) {
  return repeat(a, n);
}

static <A> List<A> rep(int n, A a) {
  return repeat(n, a);
}


static String decimalFormatEnglish(String format, double d) {
  return new java.text.DecimalFormat(format, new java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ENGLISH)).format(d);
}

static int localYear() {
  return localYear(now());
}

static int localYear(long time) {
  return parseInt(simpleDateFormat_local("yyyy").format(time));
}

static java.text.SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat(String format, TimeZone timeZone) {
  java.text.SimpleDateFormat sdf = new java.text.SimpleDateFormat(format);
  sdf.setTimeZone(timeZone);
  return sdf;
}

static int localMonth(long time) {
  return parseInt(simpleDateFormat_local("MM").format(time));
}

static int localMonth() {
  return localMonth(now());
}

static int localDayOfMonth(long time) {
  return parseInt(simpleDateFormat_local("dd").format(time));
}

static int localDayOfMonth() {
  return localDayOfMonth(now());
}

static AutoCloseable tempActivity(Object r) {
  return null;
}

static long fixTimestamp(long timestamp) {
  return timestamp > now() ? 0 : timestamp;
}

static <A> List<A> sorted(Collection<A> c, final Object comparator) {
  List<A> l = cloneList(c);
  sort(l, makeComparator(comparator));
  return l;
}

static <A> List<A> sorted(Collection<A> c) {
  List<A> l = cloneList(c);
  sort(l);
  return l;
}

static List<String> methodsStartingWith(Object o, final String prefix) {
  return filter(allMethodNames(o), new F1<String, Object>() { public Object get(String s) { try {  return startsWith(s, prefix);  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "startsWith(s, prefix)"; }});
}

static boolean isJavaXClassLoader(ClassLoader cl) {
  return startsWithOneOf(className(cl), "main$JavaXClassLoader", "x30$JavaXClassLoader");
}

static void setOptAll(Object o, Map<String, Object> fields) {
  if (fields == null) return;
  for (String field : keys(fields))
    setOpt/*_flex*/(o, field, fields.get(field));
}

static void setOptAll(Object o, Object... values) {
  //values = expandParams(c.getClass(), values);
  warnIfOddCount(values);
  for (int i = 0; i+1 < l(values); i += 2) {
    String field = (String) values[i];
    Object value = values[i+1];
    setOpt(o, field, value);
  }
}

static String singleFieldName(Class c) {
  Set<String> l = listFields(c);
  if (l(l) != 1)
    throw fail("No single field found in " + c + " (have " + n(l(l), "fields") + ")");
  return first(l);
}

static boolean isConceptList(Object o) {
  if (!(o instanceof List)) return false;
  List l =  (List) o;
  for (Object x : l) if (!(x instanceof Concept)) return false;
  return true;
}

static <A, B> void syncMapRemove(Map<A, B> map, A key) {
  if (map != null && key != null)
    synchronized(collectionMutex(map)) { map.remove(key); }
}

static Object derefRef(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof Concept.Ref) o = ((Concept.Ref) o).get();
  return o;
}

static <A extends Concept> A derefRef(Concept.Ref<A> r) {
  return r == null ? null : r.get();
}

static <A, B> List<B> lmap(IF1<A, B> f, Iterable<A> l) {
  return lambdaMap(f, l);
}



static <A, B> List<B> lmap(IF1<A, B> f, A[] l) {
  return lambdaMap(f, l);
}

static String loadGZTextFile(File file) { try {
  if (!file.isFile()) return null;
  ping();
  ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
   InputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file); try {
  GZIPInputStream gis = newGZIPInputStream(fis);
  byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
  int len;
  while ((len = gis.read(buffer)) != -1) baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
  baos.close();
  return fromUtf8(baos.toByteArray()); // TODO: use a Reader
} finally { _close(fis); }} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static <A extends JComponent> A setFont(final Font font, final A a) {
  if (a != null) { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  a.setFont(font); 
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "a.setFont(font);"; }}); }
  return a;
}

static <A extends JComponent> A setFont(A a, Font font) {
  return setFont(font, a);
}

static <A extends JComponent> A setFont(final String fontID, float fontSize, final A a) {
  return setFont(loadFont_cached(fontID, fontSize), a);
}

static Font typeWriterFont() {
  return typeWriterFont(iround(14*getSwingFontScale()));
}
  
static Font typeWriterFont(int size) {
  return new Font("Courier", Font.PLAIN, size);
}

static <A> A swingConstruct(final Class<A> c, final Object... args) {
  return swing(new F0<A>() { public A get() { try {  return nuObject(c, args);  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret nuObject(c, args);"; }});
}

static Object findComponentPopupMenuListener_gen(final JComponent c) {
  return c == null ? null : swing(new F0<Object>() { public Object get() { try { 
    return firstWithClassShortNamed("componentPopupMenu_Adapter", c.getMouseListeners());
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret firstWithClassShortNamed('componentPopupMenu_Adapter, c.getMouseListeners..."; }});
}

static boolean internalFrameActive(Component c) {
  final JInternalFrame f = getInternalFrame(c);
  return f != null && swing(new F0<Boolean>() { public Boolean get() { try {  return f.isSelected();  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret f.isSelected();"; }});
}

static boolean jmenuItem_newThreads = false;

static JMenuItem jmenuItem(final String text) {
  return jMenuItem(text, null);
}

static JMenuItem jmenuItem(final String text, final Object r) {
  return swing(new F0<JMenuItem>() { public JMenuItem get() { try { 
    Pair<String, Integer> p = jmenu_autoMnemonic(dropPrefix("[disabled] ", text));
    JMenuItem mi = new JMenuItem(p.a);
    if (startsWith(text, "[disabled] ")) disableMenuItem(mi);
    if (p.b != 0) mi.setMnemonic(p.b);
    mi.addActionListener(jmenuItem_newThreads
      ? actionListenerInNewThread(r)
      : actionListener(r));
    return mi;
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "Pair<S, Int> p = jmenu_autoMnemonic(dropPrefix(\"[disabled] \", text));\r\n    JM..."; }});
}

static MenuItem menuItem(String text, final Object r) {
  MenuItem mi = new MenuItem(text);
  mi.addActionListener(actionListener(r));
  return mi;
}

static boolean allPaused() {
  return ping_pauseAll;
}



static void bindTimerToComponent(final Timer timer, JFrame f) {
  bindTimerToComponent(timer, f.getRootPane());
}

static void bindTimerToComponent(final Timer timer, JComponent c) {
  if (c.isShowing())
    timer.start();
  
  c.addAncestorListener(new AncestorListener() {
    public void ancestorAdded(AncestorEvent event) {
      timer.start();
    }

    public void ancestorRemoved(AncestorEvent event) {
      timer.stop();
    }

    public void ancestorMoved(AncestorEvent event) {
    }
  });
}

static <A> List<A> wrapArrayAsList(A[] a) {
  return a == null ? null : Arrays.asList(a);
}

static IterableIterator emptyIterableIterator_instance = new IterableIterator() {
  public Object next() { throw fail(); }
  public boolean hasNext() { return false; }
};

static <A> IterableIterator<A> emptyIterableIterator() {
  return emptyIterableIterator_instance; 
}

static double toSeconds(long ms) {
  return ms/1000.0;
}

static String toSeconds(long ms, int digits) {
  return formatDouble(toSeconds(ms), digits);
}

static double toSeconds(double ms) {
  return ms/1000.0;
}

static String toSeconds(double ms, int digits) {
  return formatDouble(toSeconds(ms), digits);
}

static Object callJavaX(String method, Object... args) {
  return callOpt(getJavaX(), method, args);
}

static Object costCenter() { return mc(); }

static boolean swic(String a, String b) {
  return startsWithIgnoreCase(a, b);
}


  static boolean swic(String a, String b, Matches m) {
    if (!swic(a, b)) return false;
    m.m = new String[] {substring(a, l(b))};
    return true;
  }


static boolean containsNewLines(String s) {
  return containsNewLine(s);
}

static String jlabel_textAsHTML_center(String text) {
  return "<html><div style=\"text-align: center;\">"
    + replace(htmlencode(text), "\n", "<br>")
    + "</div></html>";
}

static CloseableIterableIterator<String> linesFromFile(File f) { try {
  if (!f.exists()) return emptyCloseableIterableIterator();
  
  if (ewic(f.getName(), ".gz"))
    return linesFromReader(utf8bufferedReader(newGZIPInputStream(f)));
  
  return linesFromReader(utf8bufferedReader(f));
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static CloseableIterableIterator<String> linesFromFile(String path) {
  return linesFromFile(newFile(path));
}

static String rtrim_fromLines(Collection lines) {
  StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
  if (lines != null) {
    boolean first = true;
    for (Object line : lines) {
      if (first) first = false; else buf.append('\n');
      buf.append(str(line));
    }
  }
  return buf.toString();
}

static List<AbstractButton> buttonsInGroup(ButtonGroup g) {
  if (g == null) return ll();
  return asList(g.getElements());
}

static <A extends JComponent> A toolTip(A c, final Object toolTip) {
  return setToolTipText(c, toolTip);
}



static <A extends JComponent> A toolTip(Object toolTip, A c) {
  return setToolTipText(toolTip, c);
}

static JComponent getInternalFrameTitlePaneComponent(JInternalFrame f) {
  return (JComponent) childWithClassNameEndingWith(f, "InternalFrameTitlePane");
}


static <A> A setFrameTitle(A c, final String title) {
  final Frame f = getAWTFrame(c);
  if (f != null) { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  f.setTitle(title); 
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "f.setTitle(title);"; }}); }
  return c;
}

static <A extends Component> A setFrameTitle(String title, A c) {
  return setFrameTitle(c, title);
}

// magically find a field called "frame" in main class :-)
static JFrame setFrameTitle(String title) {
  Object f = getOpt(mc(), "frame");
  if (f instanceof JFrame)
    return setFrameTitle((JFrame) f, title);
  return null;
}

static String getFrameTitle(Component c) {
  JFrame f = getFrame(c);
  return f == null ? null : f.getTitle();
}

static void closeAutoCloseables(Collection<AutoCloseable> l) {
  if (l != null) for (AutoCloseable c : l) { try { c.close(); } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }}
}

static boolean hasMethod(Object o, String method, Object... args) {
  return findMethod_cached(o, method, args) != null;
}

static <A> A nuInstance(Class<A> c) {
  return nuEmptyObject(c);
}

static <A> A copyFields(Object x, A y, String... fields) {
  if (empty(fields)) { // assume we should copy all fields
    Map<String, Object> map = objectToMap(x);
    for (String field : map.keySet())
      setOpt(y, field, map.get(field));
  } else 
    for (String field : fields) {
      Object o = getOpt(x, field);
      if (o != null)
        setOpt(y, field, o);
    }
  return y;
}

static <A> A copyFields(Object x, A y, Collection<String> fields) {
  return copyFields(x, y, asStringArray(fields));
}

static boolean isString(Object o) {
  return o instanceof String;
}

static Object dm_getService(String serviceName) {
  return empty(serviceName) ? null : dm_getModule(vmBus_query(assertIdentifier(serviceName)));
}

static boolean isStringOrIntOrLong(Object o) {
  return o instanceof String || o instanceof Integer || o instanceof Long;
}

static Object dm_getStemByID(Object id) {
  return dm_callOS("getModuleByID", str(id));
}

static Object dm_getModule(Object moduleOrID) {
  if (moduleOrID == null || eq(moduleOrID, "")) return null;
  if (isString(moduleOrID) && isIdentifier(((String) moduleOrID)))
    return dm_getService(((String) moduleOrID));
  if (isStringOrIntOrLong(moduleOrID))
    return dm_callOS("getDynModuleByID", str(moduleOrID));
  return dm_resolveModule(moduleOrID);
}

// return Int.MAX_VALUE if not applicable
// Lower score is better
static int methodApplicabilityScore_onTypes(Method m, Class[] argTypes) {
   Class<?>[] types = m.getParameterTypes();
   if (types.length != argTypes.length) return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
   int score = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++) {
     Class a = argTypes[i];
     Class c = types[i];
     if (c == a) {} // perfect match
     else if (isSubclassOf(a, c)) ++score;
     else return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
  }
  return score;
}

static <A extends AutoCloseable> A dm_ownResource(A resource) {
  dm_currentModuleMandatory().ownResource(resource);
  return resource;
}

static <A> AutoCloseable vmBus_onMessage(final String msg, final VF1<A> onMessage) {
  Map<String, Set> map = vm_busListenersByMessage_live();
  synchronized(map) {
    Set listeners = map.get(msg);
    if (listeners == null) map.put(msg, listeners = syncIdentityHashSet());
    // We're technically violating the one-synchronized-object-per-thread rule,
    // but it should be OK here.
    // TODO: remove empty sets from map
    return tempAdd(listeners, new VF2<String, Object>() { public void get(String _msg, Object arg) { try { 
      callF(onMessage, arg)
    ; } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "callF(onMessage, arg)"; }});
  }
}


static <A, B> AutoCloseable vmBus_onMessage(String msg, final VF2<A, B> onMessage) {
  return vmBus_onMessage(msg, new VF1<Object[]>() { public void get(Object[] o) { try { 
    callF(onMessage, first(o), second(o));
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "callF(onMessage, first(o), second(o));"; }});
}


static <A, B> AutoCloseable vmBus_onMessage(String msg, final IVF2<A, B> onMessage) {
  return vmBus_onMessage(msg, new VF1<Object[]>() { public void get(Object[] o) { try { 
    callF(onMessage, first(o), second(o));
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "callF(onMessage, first(o), second(o));"; }});
}





static AutoCloseable vmBus_onMessage(String msg, Runnable onMessage) {
  return vmBus_onMessage(msg, runnableToVF1(onMessage));
}

static void addActionListener(JTextField tf, final Runnable action) {
  onEnter(tf, action);
}

static void addActionListener(final JComboBox cb, final Runnable action) {
  if (cb != null) { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    cb.addActionListener(actionListener(action));
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "cb.addActionListener(actionListener(action));"; }}); }
}

static void addActionListener(final AbstractButton b, final Runnable action) {
  if (b != null) { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    b.addActionListener(actionListener(action));
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "b.addActionListener(actionListener(action));"; }}); }
}

static String selectedItem(JList l) {
  return getSelectedItem(l);
}

static String selectedItem(JComboBox cb) {
  return getSelectedItem(cb);
}

static void internalFrameTitlePopupMenuItem(JInternalFrame f, final String name, final Object action) {
  internalFrameTitlePopupMenu(f, new VF1<JPopupMenu>() { public void get(JPopupMenu menu) { try { 
    addMenuItem(menu, name, action)
  ; } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "addMenuItem(menu, name, action)"; }});
}

static boolean containsSpace(String s) {
  return containsSpaces(s);
}

static String firstToUpper(String s) {
  if (empty(s)) return s;
  return Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(0)) + s.substring(1);
}

static <A> List<A> replaceElementsUsingMap(Iterable<A> l, final Map<A, A> map) {
  return map(l, new F1<A, A>() { public A get(A a) { try {  return getOrKeep(map, a);  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "getOrKeep(map, a)"; }});
}

static List<String> splitCamelCase(String s) {
  return ai_splitCamelCase(s);
}

static void addMenuItems(JMenu m, Object... x) {
  fillJMenu(m, x);
}

static void addMenuItems(JPopupMenu m, Object... x) {
  fillJPopupMenu(m, x);
}

static boolean isChecked(final JCheckBox checkBox) {
  return checkBox != null && (boolean) swing(new F0<Boolean>() { public Boolean get() { try {  return checkBox.isSelected();  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret checkBox.isSelected();"; }});
}

static boolean isChecked(final JCheckBoxMenuItem mi) {
  return mi != null && (boolean) swing(new F0<Boolean>() { public Boolean get() { try {  return mi.isSelected();  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret mi.isSelected();"; }});
}

static JTextField jTextField() {
  return jTextField("");
}

static JTextField jTextField(final String text) {
  return swing(new F0<JTextField>() { public JTextField get() { try { 
    JTextField tf = new JTextField(unnull(text));
    standardTextFieldPopupMenu(tf);
    jenableUndoRedo(tf);
    tf.selectAll();
    return tf;
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "JTextField tf = new JTextField(unnull(text));\r\n    standardTextFieldPopupMenu..."; }});
}

static JTextField jTextField(Object o) {
  return jTextField(strOrEmpty(o));
}


static JPanel showInternalFrameFormTitled(final JDesktopPane desktop, final String title, final Object... _parts) {
  JPanel panel = showForm_makePanel(true, _parts);
  showForm_makeInternalFrame(desktop, title, panel);
  return panel;
}

static JFrame showForm_makeFrame(String title, JPanel panel) {
  return handleEscapeKey(minFrameWidth(showPackedFrame(title, withMargin(panel)), 400));
}

static List<JComponent> showForm_arrange1(List<List<JComponent>> l) {
  int minW = showForm_leftWidth(l);

  List<JComponent> out = new ArrayList();
  for (List<JComponent> row : l)
    out.add(westAndCenter(withRightMargin(showForm_gapBetweenColumns, jMinWidthAtLeast(minW, first(row))), second(row)));
  return out;
}

static List<List<JComponent>> showForm_makeComponents(final Boolean internalFrame, Object... _parts) {
  List<List<JComponent>> l = new ArrayList();
  List parts = asList(_parts);
  JButton submitButton = null;
  for (int i = 0; i < l(parts); i++) {
    final Object o = parts.get(i), next = get(parts, i+1);
    if (o instanceof String && next instanceof Component)
      setComponentID((Component) next, (String) o);
    
    if (o instanceof Component || o instanceof String || next instanceof Component) { // smartAdd accepts strings
      l.add(mapLL("wrapForSmartAdd",
          o == null ? new JPanel()
        : o instanceof String ? humanizeFormLabel((String) o)
        : o, next));
      if (next instanceof JButton && submitButton == null)
        submitButton = (JButton) next;
      i++;
    } else if (isRunnable(o))
      l.add(mapLL("wrapForSmartAdd",null, submitButton = jbutton(showFormSubmitButtonName(), new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
        Object result = call(o);
        print("Result of form runnable: " + result + ". Button:  " + heldInstance(JButton.class));
        if (neq(Boolean.FALSE, result)) {
          if (isTrue(internalFrame))
            disposeInternalFrame(heldInstance(JButton.class));
          else if (isFalse(internalFrame))
            disposeFrame(heldInstance(JButton.class));
        }
      
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "Object result = call(o);\r\n        print(\"Result of form runnable: \" + result ..."; }})));
    else print("showForm: Unknown element type: " + getClassName(o));
  }
  if (submitButton != null) {
    final JButton _submitButton = submitButton;
    onEnterInAllTextFields(concatLists(l), new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  clickButton(_submitButton) ;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "clickButton(_submitButton)"; }});
  }
  
  // massage labels
  for (List<JComponent> row : l) {
    JComponent left = first(row);
    if (left instanceof JLabel) makeBold((JLabel) left).setVerticalAlignment(JLabel.TOP);
  }
  
  return l;
}

static int vstackWithSpacing_default = 10;

static JPanel vstackWithSpacing(final List parts) {
  return vstackWithSpacing(parts, vstackWithSpacing_default);
}

static JPanel vstackWithSpacing(final List parts, final int spacing) {
  return swing(new F0<JPanel>() { public JPanel get() { try { 
    JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
    GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
    gbc.weightx = 1;
    gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
    gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
    gbc.insets = new Insets(spacing/2, 0, spacing/2, 0); // well...
    smartAddWithLayout(panel, gbc, toObjectArray(nonNulls(parts)));
    //gbc = (GridBagConstraints) gbc.clone();
    //gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
    gbc.weighty = 1;
    gbc.insets = new Insets(0, 0, 0, 0);
    panel.add(jrigid(), gbc);
    return panel;
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout);\r\n    new GridBagConstraints gbc..."; }});
}

static JPanel vstackWithSpacing(Component... parts) {
  return vstackWithSpacing(asList(parts), vstackWithSpacing_default);
}

static JPanel vstackWithSpacing(int spacing, Component... parts) {
  return vstackWithSpacing(asList(parts), spacing);
}

static String getTextTrim(JTextComponent c) {
  return trim(getText(c));
}

// tested for editable combo box - returns the contents of text field
static String getTextTrim(JComboBox cb) {
  return trim(getText(cb));
}

static String getTextTrim(JComponent c) {
  if (c instanceof JLabel) return trim(((JLabel) c).getText());
  if (c instanceof JComboBox) return getTextTrim((JComboBox) c);
  return getTextTrim((JTextComponent) c);
}

static File toFile_nullOnEmpty(String s) {
  return empty(s) ? null : new File(s);
}

static <A extends JComponent> A setToolTipText(final A c, final Object toolTip) {
  if (c == null) return null;
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    String s = nullIfEmpty(str(toolTip));
    if (neq(s, c.getToolTipText()))
      c.setToolTipText(s);
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "String s = nullIfEmpty(str(toolTip));\r\n    if (neq(s, c.getToolTipText()))\r\n ..."; }}); }
  return c;
}

static <A extends JComponent> A setToolTipText(Object toolTip, A c) {
  return setToolTipText(c, toolTip);
}

static void setTrayIconToolTip(TrayIcon trayIcon, String toolTip) {
  if (trayIcon != null) trayIcon.setToolTip(toolTip);
}

static JLabel jImageLabel(Image img) {
  return swingNu(JLabel.class, imageIcon(img));
}

static JLabel jImageLabel(javax.swing.Icon icon) {
  return swingNu(JLabel.class, icon);
}

static JLabel jImageLabel(String imageID) {
  return jImageLabel(imageIcon(imageID));
}

static JLabel jImageLabel(String text, String imageID) {
  final JLabel l = swingNu(JLabel.class, text, imageIcon(imageID), JLabel.CENTER);
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    l.setVerticalTextPosition(SwingConstants.BOTTOM);
    l.setHorizontalTextPosition(SwingConstants.CENTER);
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "l.setVerticalTextPosition(SwingConstants.BOTTOM);\r\n    l.setHorizontalTextPos..."; }}); }
  return l;
}

static boolean isLocalSnippetID(String snippetID) {
  return isSnippetID(snippetID) && isLocalSnippetID(psI(snippetID));
}

static boolean isLocalSnippetID(long snippetID) {
  return snippetID >= 1000 && snippetID <= 9999;
}

static String localSnippetTitle(String snippetID) {
  if (!isLocalSnippetID(snippetID)) return null;
  File f = localSnippetFile(snippetID);
  if (!f.exists()) return null;
  return or2(getFileInfoField(dropExtension(f), "Title"), "Unnamed");
}

static String muricaCredentialsQuery() {
  return htmlQuery(muricaCredentials());
}

static boolean isGeneralFileServerSnippet(long id) {
  return id >= 1400000 && id < 1500000;
}

static String standardCredentials_noCookies() {
  return standardCredentials() + "&noCookies=1";
}

static boolean saveTextFileIfChanged(File f, String contents) {
  return saveTextFileIfDifferent(f, contents);
}

static File snippetTitle_cacheFile(String snippetID) {
  return javaxCachesDir("Snippet Titles/" + psI(snippetID));
}

static <A> Set<A> synchroWeakHashSet() {
  return Collections.newSetFromMap((Map) newWeakHashMap());
}

static boolean isLocalhost(String ip) {
  return isLoopbackIP(ip) || eqic(ip, "localhost");
}

static int vmPort() {
  return myVMPort();
}

static DialogIO talkToThisVM() {
  return new talkToThisVM_IO();
}

static class talkToThisVM_IO extends DialogIO { 
  List<String> answers = ll(thisVMGreeting());
  
  boolean isLocalConnection() { return true; }
  boolean isStillConnected() { return true; }
  int getPort() { return vmPort(); }
  
  void sendLine(String line) {
    answers.add(or2(sendToThisVM_newThread(line), "?"));
  }
  
  String readLineImpl() { try {
    return popFirst(answers);
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  public void close() {}
  Socket getSocket() { return null; }
}

static int indexOfIgnoreCase_manual(String a, String b) {
  return indexOfIgnoreCase_manual(a, b, 0);
}

static int indexOfIgnoreCase_manual(String a, String b, int i) {
  int la = strL(a), lb = strL(b);
  if (la < lb) return -1;
  int n = la-lb;
  
  loop: for (; i <= n; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < lb; j++) {
      char c1 = a.charAt(i+j), c2 = b.charAt(j);
      if (!eqic(c1, c2))
        continue loop;
    }
    return i;
  }
  return -1;
}

public static String rtrim(String s) {
  if (s == null) return null;
  int i = s.length();
  while (i > 0 && " \t\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(i-1)) >= 0)
    --i;
  return i < s.length() ? s.substring(0, i) : s;
}

static Map<String, Integer> newFindBot2_cache = synchroHashMap();
static boolean newFindBot2_verbose = false;

static DialogIO newFindBot2(String name) {
  Integer port = newFindBot2_cache.get(name);
  if (port != null) {
    if (newFindBot2_verbose)
      print("newFindBot2: testing " + name + " => " + port);
    DialogIO io = talkTo(port);
    String q = format("has bot *", name);
    String s = io.ask(q);
    if (match("yes", s)) {
      io = talkToSubBot(name, io);
      call(io, "pushback", "?"); // put some hello string in (yes, this should be improved.)
      return io;
    }
    // bot not there anymore - remove cache entry
    newFindBot2_cache.remove(name);
    if (newFindBot2_verbose)
      print("newFindBot2: dropping " + name + " => " + port);
  }
  
  DialogIO io = findBot(name);
  if (io != null) {
    newFindBot2_cache.put(name, io.getPort());
    if (newFindBot2_verbose)
      print("newFindBot2: remembering " + name + " => " + port);
  }
  return io;
}

static TreeMap<String, Class> hotwireCached_cache = new TreeMap();
static Lock hotwireCached_lock = lock();

static Class hotwireCached(String programID) {
  return hotwireCached(programID, true);
}

static Class hotwireCached(String programID, boolean runMain) {
  return hotwireCached(programID, runMain, false);
}

static Class hotwireCached(String programID, boolean runMain, boolean dependent) {
  Lock __0 = hotwireCached_lock; lock(__0); try {
  
  programID = formatSnippetID(programID);
  Class c = hotwireCached_cache.get(programID);
  if (c == null) {
    c = hotwire(programID);
    if (dependent)
      makeDependent(c);
    if (runMain)
      callMain(c);
    hotwireCached_cache.put(programID, c);
  }
  return c;
} finally { unlock(__0); } }

static class ScannedBot implements IFieldsToList{
  static final String _fieldOrder = "helloString address";
  String helloString;
  String address;
  ScannedBot() {}
  ScannedBot(String helloString, String address) {
  this.address = address;
  this.helloString = helloString;}
  public String toString() { return shortClassName(this) + "(" + helloString + ", " + address + ")"; }

public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (!(o instanceof ScannedBot)) return false;
    ScannedBot __1 =  (ScannedBot) o;
    return eq(helloString, __1.helloString) && eq(address, __1.address);
}

  public int hashCode() {
    int h = 1660478935;
    h = boostHashCombine(h, _hashCode(helloString));
    h = boostHashCombine(h, _hashCode(address));
    return h;
  }
  public Object[] _fieldsToList() { return new Object[] {helloString, address}; }
}

static List<ScannedBot> fullBotScan() {
  return fullBotScan("");
}

static List<ScannedBot> fullBotScan(String searchPattern) {
  List<ScannedBot> bots = new ArrayList();
  for (ProgramScan.Program p : quickBotScan()) {
    String botName = firstPartOfHelloString(p.helloString);
    boolean isVM = startsWithIgnoreCase(p.helloString, "This is a JavaX VM.");
    boolean shouldRecurse = swic(botName, "Multi-Port") || isVM;
    
    if (swic(botName, searchPattern)) bots.add(new ScannedBot(botName, "" + p.port));

    if (shouldRecurse) try {
      Map<Number, String> subBots = (Map) unstructure(sendToLocalBotQuietly(p.port, "list bots"));
      for (Number vport : subBots.keySet()) {
        botName = subBots.get(vport);
        if (swic(botName, searchPattern)) 
          bots.add(new ScannedBot(botName, p.port + "/" + vport));
      }
    } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
  }
  return bots;
}

static Object unstructure_startingAtIndex(String s, int i) {
  return unstructure_tok(javaTokC_noMLS_iterator(s, i), false, null);
}

static AutoCloseable tempDBLock(Concepts concepts) {
  return tempLock(concepts.lock); // NO null propagation this time
}

static AutoCloseable tempDBLock() {
  return tempDBLock(db_mainConcepts());
}

static void consoleClearInput() {
  consoleSetInput("");
}



static <A> IterableIterator<A> iteratorFromFunction_withEndMarker_f0(final F0<A> f) {
  class IFF2 extends IterableIterator<A> {
    A a;
    boolean have, done;
    
    public boolean hasNext() {
      getNext();
      return !done;
    }
    
    public A next() {
      getNext();
      if (done) throw fail();
      A _a = a;
      a = null;
      have = false;
      return _a;
    }
    
    void getNext() {
      if (done || have) return;
      Object o = f.get();
      if (o == iteratorFromFunction_endMarker)
        { done = true; return; }
      a = (A) o;
      have = true;
    }
  };
  return new IFF2();
}

static boolean hasBot(String searchPattern) { try {
  DialogIO io = findBot(searchPattern);
  if (io != null) {
    io.close();
    return true;
  } else
    return false;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static boolean isOK(String s) {
  s = trim(s);
  return swic(s, "ok ") || eqic(s, "ok") || matchStart("ok", s);
}

static String sendOpt(String bot, String text, Object... args) {
  return sendToLocalBotOpt(bot, text, args);
}

static boolean isMainProgram() {
  return creator() == null;
}

static void cleanKill() {
  cleanKillVM();
}

static Android3 methodsBot2(String name, final Object receiver, final List<String> exposedMethods) {
  return methodsBot2(name, receiver, exposedMethods, null);
}

static Android3 methodsBot2(String name, final Object receiver, final List<String> exposedMethods, final Lock lock) {
  Android3 android = new Android3();
  android.greeting = name;
  android.console = false;
  android.responder = new Responder() {
    String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
      return exposeMethods2(receiver, s, exposedMethods, lock);
    }
  };
  return makeBot(android);
}

static List<String> db_standardExposedMethods_list = ll("xlist", "xnew", "xset", "xdelete", "xget", "xclass", "xfullgrab", "xshutdown", "xchangeCount", "xcount");

static List<String> db_standardExposedMethods() {
  return db_standardExposedMethods_list;
}

static Matcher regexp(String pat, String s) {
  return regexp(compileRegexp(pat), unnull(s));
}

static Matcher regexp(java.util.regex.Pattern pat, String s) {
  return pat.matcher(unnull(s));
}

static java.util.regex.Pattern regexp(String pat) {
  return compileRegexp(pat);
}

static int matcherInt(Matcher m, int i) {
  return parseInt(m.group(i));
}

// month = 1 to 12
static long timestampFromYMDH(int y, int m, int d, int h) {
  return new GregorianCalendar(y, m-1, d, h, 0).getTimeInMillis();
}

static <A> List<A> sortByMap_inPlace(List<A> l, Map<A, ?> map) {
  sort(l, mapComparator(map));
  return l;
}

// age = age in days, lastAge = age of last (more recent) file kept (also in days)
static boolean defaultAgeBasedBackupRetentionStrategy_shouldKeep(double age, double lastAge) {
  if (age <= 0.5) return true; // keep all backups of last 12 hours
  if (age <= 7 && age >= lastAge+1) return true; // keep every daily backup from this week
  if (age <= 28 && age >= lastAge+7) return true; // weekly backups for 3 more weeks
  if (age >= lastAge+365.0/12) return true; // after 4 weeks, switch to monthly (roundabout)
  return false;
}

static String quoteIfNotIdentifierOrInteger(String s) {
  if (s == null) return null;
  return isJavaIdentifier(s) || isInteger(s) ? s : quote(s);
}

static <T> void sort(T[] a, Comparator<? super T> c) {
  if (a != null) Arrays.sort(a, c);
}

static <T> void sort(T[] a) {
  if (a != null) Arrays.sort(a);
}

static void sort(int[] a) { if (a != null) Arrays.sort(a); }

static <T> void sort(List<T> a, Comparator<? super T> c) {
  if (a != null) Collections.sort(a, c);
}

static void sort(List a) {
  if (a != null) Collections.sort(a);
}

static List<File> listFilesOnly(String dir) {
  return listFilesOnly(new File(dir));
}

static List<File> listFilesOnly(File... dirs) {
  return concatMap(rcurry("listFilesWithSuffix", ""), dirs);
}

static Lock appendToFile_lock = lock();
static boolean appendToFile_keepOpen = false;
static HashMap<String, Writer> appendToFile_writers = new HashMap();

static void appendToFile(String path, String s) { try {
  Lock __0 = appendToFile_lock; lock(__0); try { // Let's just generally synchronize this to be safe.
  mkdirsForFile(new File(path));
  path = getCanonicalPath(path);
  Writer writer = appendToFile_writers.get(path);
  if (writer == null) {
    //print("[Logging to " + path + "]");
    writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(
      newFileOutputStream(path, true), "UTF-8"));
    if (appendToFile_keepOpen)
      appendToFile_writers.put(path, writer);
  }
  writer.write(s);
  if (!appendToFile_keepOpen)
    writer.close();
} finally { unlock(__0); } } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
static void appendToFile(File path, String s) {
  if (path != null)
    appendToFile(path.getPath(), s);
}

static void cleanMeUp_appendToFile() {
   AutoCloseable __3 = tempCleaningUp(); try {
  Lock __1 = appendToFile_lock; lock(__1); try {
  closeAllWriters(values(appendToFile_writers));
  appendToFile_writers.clear();
} finally { unlock(__1); } } finally { _close(__3); }}

static <A> TreeSet<A> treeSet() {
  return new TreeSet();
}

static String repeat(char c, int n) {
  n = Math.max(n, 0);
  char[] chars = new char[n];
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    chars[i] = c;
  return new String(chars);
}

static <A> List<A> repeat(A a, int n) {
  n = Math.max(n, 0);
  List<A> l = new ArrayList(n);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    l.add(a);
  return l;
}

static <A> List<A> repeat(int n, A a) {
  return repeat(a, n);
}



static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat_local(String format) {
  SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(format);
  sdf.setTimeZone(localTimeZone());
  return sdf;
}

static Comparator makeComparator(final Object f) {
  if (f instanceof Comparator) return (Comparator) f;
  return new Comparator() {
    public int compare(Object a, Object b) {
      return (Integer) callF(f, a, b);
    }
  };
}


static <A> List<A> filter(Iterable<A> c, Object pred) {
  if (pred instanceof F1) return filter(c, (F1<A, Boolean>) pred);

  
  List x = new ArrayList();
  if (c != null) for (Object o : c)
    if (isTrue(callF(pred, o)))
      x.add(o);
  return x;
}

static List filter(Object pred, Iterable c) {
  return filter(c, pred);
}

static <A, B extends A> List<B> filter(Iterable<B> c, F1<A, Boolean> pred) {
  List x = new ArrayList();
  if (c != null) for (B o : c)
    if (pred.get(o))
      x.add(o);
  return x;
}

static <A, B extends A> List<B> filter(F1<A, Boolean> pred, Iterable<B> c) {
  return filter(c, pred);
}

//ifclass IF1
static <A, B extends A> List<B> filter(Iterable<B> c, IF1<A, Boolean> pred) {
  List x = new ArrayList();
  if (c != null) for (B o : c)
    if (pred.get(o))
      x.add(o);
  return x;
}

static <A, B extends A> List<B> filter(B[] c, IF1<A, Boolean> pred) {
  List x = new ArrayList();
  if (c != null) for (B o : c)
    if (pred.get(o))
      x.add(o);
  return x;
}

static <A, B extends A> List<B> filter(IF1<A, Boolean> pred, Iterable<B> c) {
  return filter(c, pred);
}
//endif

static List<String> allMethodNames(Object o) {
  Class c = _getClass(o);
  TreeSet<String> names = new TreeSet();
  while (c != null) {
    for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods())
      names.add(m.getName());
    c = c.getSuperclass();
  }
  return asList(names);
}

// This is for main classes that are all static.
// (We don't go to base classes.)
static Set<String> listFields(Object c) {
  TreeSet<String> fields = new TreeSet();
  for (Field f : _getClass(c).getDeclaredFields())
    fields.add(f.getName());
  return fields;
}

static <A, B> List<B> lambdaMap(IF1<A, B> f, Iterable<A> l) {
  return map(l, f);
}

static <A, B> List<B> lambdaMap(IF1<A, B> f, A[] l) {
  return map(l, f);
}

static String fromUtf8(byte[] bytes) { try {
  return bytes == null ? null : new String(bytes, utf8charset());
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Map<String, Font> loadFont_cached_cache = new HashMap();

static synchronized Font loadFont_cached(String snippetID) { try {
  snippetID = formatSnippetID(snippetID);
  Font f = loadFont_cached_cache.get(snippetID);
  if (f == null)
    loadFont_cached_cache.put(snippetID, f = loadFont(snippetID, 12f));
  return f;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static synchronized Font loadFont_cached(String snippetID, float size) { try {
  return loadFont_cached(snippetID).deriveFont(size);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static float getSwingFontScale() {
  return or((Float) vm_generalMap_get("swingFontScale_value"), 1f);
}

static <A> A firstWithClassShortNamed(String shortName, Iterable<A> l) {
  if (l != null) for (A o : l)
    if (eq(shortClassName(o), shortName))
      return o;
  return null;
}

static <A> A firstWithClassShortNamed(String shortName, A[] l) {
  if (l != null) for (A o : l)
    if (eq(shortClassName(o), shortName))
      return o;
  return null;
}

static JMenuItem jMenuItem(final String text) {
  return jmenuItem(text);
}

static JMenuItem jMenuItem(String text, Object r) {
  return jmenuItem(text, r);
}

static Pair<String, Integer> jmenu_autoMnemonic(String s) {
  int i = indexOf(s, '&');
  if (i >= 0 && i < l(s) && isLetterOrDigit(s.charAt(i+1)))
    return pair(substring(s, 0, i) + substring(s, i+1), (int) s.charAt(i+1));
  return pair(s, 0);
}

static JMenuItem disableMenuItem(final JMenuItem mi) {
  if (mi != null) { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  mi.setEnabled(false); 
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "mi.setEnabled(false);"; }}); }
  return mi;
}

static ActionListener actionListenerInNewThread(final Object runnable) {
  return actionListenerInNewThread(runnable, null);
}

static ActionListener actionListenerInNewThread(final Object runnable, final Object instanceToHold) {
  if (runnable instanceof ActionListener) return (ActionListener) runnable;
  return new java.awt.event.ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent _evt) { try {
    startThread("Action Listener", new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {    
       AutoCloseable __1 = holdInstance(instanceToHold); try {
      callF(runnable);
    } finally { _close(__1); }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "AutoCloseable __1 = holdInstance(instanceToHold); try {\r\n      callF(runnable..."; }});
  } catch (Throwable __e) { messageBox(__e); }}};
}

static <A> List<A> replace(List<A> l, A a, A b) {
  for (int i = 0; i < l(l); i++)
    if (eq(l.get(i), a))
      l.set(i, b);
  return l;
}

static <A> List<A> replace(A a, A b, List<A> l) {
  return replace(l, a, b);
}

static String replace(String s, String a, String b) {
  return s == null ? null : a == null || b == null ? s : s.replace(a, b);
}

static String replace(String s, char a, char b) {
  return s == null ? null : s.replace(a, b);
}

static String htmlencode(Object o) {
  return htmlencode(str(o));
}

static String htmlencode(String s) {
  if (s == null) return "";
  StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder(Math.max(16, s.length()));
  for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
    char c = s.charAt(i);
    if (c > 127 || c == '"' || c == '<' || c == '>' || c == '&') {
      int cp = s.codePointAt(i);
      out.append("&#x");
      out.append(intToHex_flexLength(cp));
      out.append(';');
      i += Character.charCount(cp)-1;
    } else
      out.append(c);
  }
  return out.toString();
}

static CloseableIterableIterator emptyCloseableIterableIterator_instance = new CloseableIterableIterator() {
  public Object next() { throw fail(); }
  public boolean hasNext() { return false; }
};

static <A> CloseableIterableIterator<A> emptyCloseableIterableIterator() {
  return emptyCloseableIterableIterator_instance; 
}

static CloseableIterableIterator<String> linesFromReader(Reader r) {
  final BufferedReader br = bufferedReader(r);
  return iteratorFromFunction_f0_autoCloseable(new F0<String>() { public String get() { try {  return readLineFromReaderWithClose(br);  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret readLineFromReaderWithClose(br);"; }}, _wrapIOCloseable(r));
}

static Component childWithClassNameEndingWith(Component c, String suffix) {
  if (endsWith(className(c), suffix)) return c;
  Component x;
  for (Component comp : getComponents(c))
    if ((x = childWithClassNameEndingWith(comp, suffix)) != null) return x;
  return null;
}

static Frame getAWTFrame(final Object _o) {
  return swing(new F0<Frame>() { public Frame get() { try { 
    Object o = _o;
    /*
    ifdef HaveProcessing
      if (o instanceof PApplet) o = ((PApplet) o).getSurface();
    endifdef
    */
    if (o instanceof ButtonGroup) o = first(buttonsInGroup((ButtonGroup) o));
    if (!(o instanceof Component)) return null;
    Component c = (Component) o;
    while (c != null) {
      if (c instanceof Frame) return (Frame) c;
      c = c.getParent();
    }
    return null;
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "O o = _o;\r\n    /*\r\n    ifdef HaveProcessing\r\n      if (o instanceof PApplet) ..."; }});
}

// o is either a map already (string->object) or an arbitrary object,
// in which case its fields are converted into a map.
static Map<String, Object> objectToMap(Object o) { try {
  if (o instanceof Map) return (Map) o;
  
  TreeMap<String, Object> map = new TreeMap();
  Class c = o.getClass();
  while (c != Object.class) {
    Field[] fields = c.getDeclaredFields();
    for (final Field field : fields) {
      if ((field.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        continue;
      field.setAccessible(true);
      final Object value = field.get(o);
      if (value != null)
        map.put(field.getName(), value);
    }
    c = c.getSuperclass();
  }
  
  // XXX NEW - hopefully this doesn't break anything
  if (o instanceof DynamicObject)
    putAll(map, ((DynamicObject) o).fieldValues);

  return map;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

// same for a collection (convert each element)
static List<Map<String, Object>> objectToMap(Iterable l) {
  if (l == null) return null;
  List x = new ArrayList();
  for (Object o : l)
    x.add(objectToMap(o));
  return x;
}

static String[] asStringArray(Collection<String> c) {
  return toStringArray(c);
}

static String[] asStringArray(Object o) {
  return toStringArray(o);
}


static Object vmBus_query(String msg, Object... args) {
  Object arg = vmBus_wrapArgs(args);
  { Object __1= pcallFAll_returnFirstNotNull(vm_busListeners_live(), msg, arg); if (__1 != null) return __1; }
  return pcallFAll_returnFirstNotNull(vm_busListenersByMessage_live().get(msg), msg, arg);
}

static Object vmBus_query(String msg) {
  return vmBus_query(msg, (Object) null);
}

static Object dm_callOS(String functionName, Object... args) {
  return call(dm_os(), functionName, args);
}

static Object dm_resolveModule(Object moduleOrStem) {
  return dm_callOS("resolveModule", moduleOrStem);
}

static boolean isSubclassOf(Class a, Class b) {
  return isSubclass(a, b);
}

static DynModule dm_currentModuleMandatory() {
  return dm_current_mandatory();
}

static <A> AutoCloseable tempAdd(final Collection<A> l, final A a) {
  if (l == null || l.contains(a)) return null;
  l.add(a);
  return new AutoCloseable() { public String toString() { return "l.remove(a);"; } public void close() throws Exception { l.remove(a); }};
}

static <A> A third(List<A> l) {
  return _get(l, 2);
}

static <A> A third(Iterable<A> l) {
  if (l == null) return null;
  Iterator<A> it = iterator(l);
  for (int _repeat_0 = 0; _repeat_0 < 2; _repeat_0++)  {
    if (!it.hasNext()) return null;
    it.next();
  }
  return it.hasNext() ? it.next() : null;
}


static <A> A third(Producer<A> p) {
  if (p == null) return null;
  for (int _repeat_1 = 0; _repeat_1 < 2; _repeat_1++)  {
    if (p.next() == null) return null;
  }
  return p.next();
}


static <A> A third(A[] bla) {
  return bla == null || bla.length <= 2 ? null : bla[2];
}



static <A> VF1<A> runnableToVF1(final Runnable r) {
  return r == null ? null : new VF1<A>() { public void get(A a) { try {  r.run() ; } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "r.run()"; }};
}

static boolean containsSpaces(String s) {
  return indexOf(s, ' ') >= 0;
}

static <A> A getOrKeep(Map<A, ? extends A> map, A a) {
  if (map == null) return a;
  A v = map.get(a);
  return v != null ? v : a;
}

static List<String> ai_splitCamelCase(String s) {
  int j = 0;
  List<String> l = new ArrayList();
  
  // new addition
  if (isAllUpperCase(s)) { l.add(s); return l; }
  
  for (int i = 0; i < l(s); i++)
    if (i > j && isUpperCaseLetter(s.charAt(i))) {
      l.add(substring(s, j, i));
      j = i;
    }
  if (j < l(s))
    l.add(substring(s, j));
  return l;
}

static void fillJMenu(final JMenu m, Object... x) {
  //ifdef fillJMenu_debug
  //print("fillJMenu " + m);
  //endifdef
  if (x == null) return;
  for (int i = 0; i < l(x); i++) {
    Object o = x[i], y = get(x, i+1);
    if (o instanceof List)
      fillJMenu(m, asArray((List) o));
    else if (isMenuSeparatorIndicator(o)) {
      if (menuItemCount(m) != 0) // auto-skip separator if at top
        m.addSeparator();
    }
    
    else if (o instanceof LiveValue && ((LiveValue) o).getType() == String.class && isRunnableX(y)) {
      final LiveValue<String> lv =  (LiveValue<String>) o;
      final JMenuItem mi = jmenuItem(or2(unCurlyBracket(lv.get()), "..."), y);
      bindLiveValueListenerToComponent(mi, lv, new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
        String s = lv.get();
        if (isCurlyBracketed(s)) {
          setEnabled(mi, false);
          s = unCurlyBracket(s);
        } else
          setEnabled(mi, true);
        setText(mi, s);
        revalidate(m);
      
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "String s = lv.get();\r\n        if (isCurlyBracketed(s)) {\r\n          setEnable..."; }});
      print("bound live value " + lv + " to menu item " + mi);
      m.add(mi);
      ++i;
    }
    
    else if (o instanceof String && isRunnableX(y)) {
      m.add(jmenuItem((String) o, y));
      ++i;
    } else if (o instanceof JMenuItem)
      m.add((JMenuItem) o); // "call" might use wrong method
    else if (o instanceof String || o instanceof Action || o instanceof Component)
      call(m, "add", o);
    else if (o == null && y instanceof Runnable)
      ++i; // text == null => disabled item
    else
      print("Unknown menu item: " + o);
  }
}

static void fillJPopupMenu(JPopupMenu m, Object... x) {
  if (x == null) return;
  for (int i = 0; i < l(x); i++) {
    Object o = x[i], y = get(x, i+1);
    
    if (o instanceof IVF1)
      callF(o, m);
    else if (o instanceof List)
      fillJPopupMenu(m, asArray((List) o));
    else if (isMenuSeparatorIndicator(o))
      m.addSeparator();
    
    else if (o instanceof LiveValue && ((LiveValue) o).getType() == String.class && isRunnableX(y)) {
      final LiveValue<String> lv =  (LiveValue<String>) o;
      final JMenuItem mi = jmenuItem("", y);
      bindLiveValueListenerToComponent(mi, lv, new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
        String s = lv.get();
        if (isCurlyBracketed(s)) {
          setEnabled(mi, false);
          s = unCurlyBracket(s);
        } else
          setEnabled(mi, true);
        setText(mi, s);
      
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "String s = lv.get();\r\n        if (isCurlyBracketed(s)) {\r\n          setEnable..."; }});
      m.add(mi);
    }
    
    else if (o instanceof String && isRunnableX(y)) {
      m.add(jmenuItem((String) o, y));
      ++i;
    } else if (o instanceof JMenuItem)
      m.add((JMenuItem) o); // "call" might use wrong method
    else if (o instanceof String || o instanceof Action || o instanceof Component)
      call(m, "add", o);
    else if (o != null)
      print("Unknown menu item: " + o);
  }
}

static JTextField standardTextFieldPopupMenu(final JTextField tf) {
  final WeakReference<JTextField> ref = weakRef(tf);
  componentPopupMenuItem(tf, "Copy text to clipboard", new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    copyTextToClipboard(ref.get().getText())
  ;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "copyTextToClipboard(ref.get().getText())"; }});
  componentPopupMenuItem(tf, "Paste", new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  ref.get().paste() ;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "ref.get().paste()"; }});
  return tf;
}



static <A extends JTextComponent> A jenableUndoRedo(final A textcomp) {
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    final UndoManager undo = new UndoManager();
    vm_generalWeakSet("Undo Managers").add(undo);
    textcomp.getDocument().addUndoableEditListener(new UndoableEditListener() {
      public void undoableEditHappened(UndoableEditEvent evt) {
        undo.addEdit(evt.getEdit());
      }
    });
    
    textcomp.getActionMap().put("Undo", abstractAction("Undo", new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
      if (undo.canUndo()) undo.undo()
    ;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (undo.canUndo()) undo.undo()"; }}));
    textcomp.getActionMap().put("Redo", abstractAction("Redo", new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
      if (undo.canRedo()) undo.redo()
    ;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (undo.canRedo()) undo.redo()"; }}));
    textcomp.getInputMap().put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("control Z"), "Undo");
    textcomp.getInputMap().put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("control Y"), "Redo");
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "final new UndoManager undo;\r\n    vm_generalWeakSet(\"Undo Managers\").add(undo)..."; }}); }
  return textcomp;
}

static String strOrEmpty(Object o) {
  return o == null ? "" : str(o);
}

static JInternalFrame showForm_makeInternalFrame(JDesktopPane desktop, String title, JPanel panel) {
  JInternalFrame f = addInternalFrame(desktop, title, withMargin(panel));
  minInternalFrameWidth(f, 400);
  packInternalFrameVertically(f);
  centerInternalFrame(f);
  // TODO: handleEscapeKey(f);
  return f;
}

static JFrame handleEscapeKey(final JFrame frame) {
  KeyStroke stroke = KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_ESCAPE, 0);
  frame.getRootPane().registerKeyboardAction(new ActionListener() {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
      frame.dispose();
    }
  }, stroke, JComponent.WHEN_IN_FOCUSED_WINDOW);
  return frame;
}


static JFrame minFrameWidth(JFrame frame, int w) {
  if (frame != null && frame.getWidth() < w)
    frame.setSize(w, frame.getHeight());
  return frame;
}

static JFrame minFrameWidth(int w, JFrame frame) {
  return minFrameWidth(frame, w);
}


static JFrame showPackedFrame(String title, Component contents) {
  return packFrame(showFrame(title, contents));
}

static JFrame showPackedFrame(Component contents) {
  return packFrame(showFrame(contents));
}

static int withMargin_defaultWidth = 6;

static JPanel withMargin(Component c) {
  return withMargin(withMargin_defaultWidth, c);
}

static JPanel withMargin(int w, Component c) {
  return withMargin(w, w, c);
}

static JPanel withMargin(int w, int h, Component c) {
  return withMargin(w, h, w, h, c);
}

static JPanel withMargin(final int top, final int left, final int bottom, final int right, final Component c) {
  return swing(new F0<JPanel>() { public JPanel get() { try { 
    JPanel p = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
    p.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(top, left, bottom, right));
    p.add(c);
    return p;
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "JPanel p = new JPanel(new BorderLayout);\r\n    p.setBorder(BorderFactory.creat..."; }});
}

static int showForm_leftWidth_safetyMargin = 10;

static int showForm_leftWidth(List<List<JComponent>> l) {
  forEachLevel2(l, x -> vmBus_send("updateLayoutNow",x));
  int minW = 0;
  for (List<JComponent> row : l)
    minW = max(minW, getMinimumSize(first(row)).width);
  return minW + or((Integer) vmBus_query("formSafetyMargin"), showForm_leftWidth_safetyMargin);
}

static JPanel westAndCenter(final Component w, final Component c) {
  return swing(new F0<JPanel>() { public JPanel get() { try { 
    JPanel panel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
    panel.add(BorderLayout.WEST, wrap(w));
    panel.add(BorderLayout.CENTER, wrap(c));
    return panel;
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "JPanel panel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout);\r\n    panel.add(BorderLayout.WEST..."; }});
}

static int withRightMargin_defaultWidth = 6;

static JPanel withRightMargin(Component c) {
  return withRightMargin(withRightMargin_defaultWidth, c);
}

static JPanel withRightMargin(final int w, final Component c) {
  return swing(new F0<JPanel>() { public JPanel get() { try { 
    JPanel p = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
    p.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(0, 0, 0, w));
    p.add(c);
    return p;
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "JPanel p = new JPanel(new BorderLayout);\r\n    p.setBorder(BorderFactory.creat..."; }});
}

static <A extends Component> A jMinWidthAtLeast(int w, final A c) {
  if (c == null) return null;
  return swing(new F0<A>() { public A get() { try { 
    Dimension size = c.getMinimumSize();
    Dimension d = new Dimension(max(w, size.width), size.height);
    c.setMinimumSize(d);
    return jPreferWidth(d.width, c);
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "Dimension size = c.getMinimumSize();\r\n    Dimension d = new Dimension(max(w, ..."; }});
}

static void setComponentID(Component c, String id) {
  if (c != null) componentID_map.put(c, id);
}

static List mapLL(Object f, Object... data) {
  return map(f, ll(data));
}

static Component wrapForSmartAdd(Object o) {
  if (o == null) return jpanel();
  if (o instanceof String) return jlabel((String) o);
  return wrap(o);
}

static boolean isRunnable(Object o) {
  return o instanceof Runnable || hasMethod(o, "get");
}

static JButton jbutton(String text, Object action) {
  return newButton(text, action);
}

// button without action
static JButton jbutton(String text) {
  return newButton(text, null);
}

/*static JButton jbutton(BufferedImage img, O action) {
  ret setButtonImage(img, jbutton("", action));
}*/

static JButton jbutton(Action action) {
  return swingNu(JButton.class, action);
}

static String showFormSubmitButtonName() {
  return "Submit";
}

static <A> A heldInstance(Class<A> c) {
  List<Object> l = holdInstance_l.get();
  for (int i = l(l)-1; i >= 0; i--) {
    Object o = l.get(i);
    if (isInstanceOf(o, c))
      return (A) o;
  }
  throw fail("No instance of " + className(c) + " held");
}

static void disposeInternalFrame(Component c) {
  final JInternalFrame f = getInternalFrame(c);
  if (f != null) { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    vmBus_send("disposingInternalFrame",f);
    f.dispose();
    setOpt(f, "lastFocusOwner" , null); // Help GC
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "vmBus_send disposingInternalFrame(f);\r\n    f.dispose();\r\n    setOpt(f, lastFo..."; }}); }
}

static void disposeFrame(final Component c) {
  disposeWindow(c);
}

static void onEnterInAllTextFields(JComponent c, Object action) {
  if (action == null) return;
  for (Component tf : allChildren(c))
    onEnterIfTextField(tf, action);
}

static void onEnterInAllTextFields(List c, Object action) {
  for (Object o : unnull(c))
    if (o instanceof JComponent)
      onEnterInAllTextFields((JComponent) o, action);
}

static void clickButton(final JButton b) {
  if (b != null) { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    if (b.isEnabled())
      b.doClick();
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (b.isEnabled())\r\n      b.doClick();"; }}); }
}

static <A extends JComponent> A makeBold(final A c) {
  if (c != null) { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  c.setFont(c.getFont().deriveFont(java.awt.Font.BOLD)); 
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "c.setFont(c.getFont().deriveFont(java.awt.Font.BOLD));"; }}); }
  return c;
}

static JPanel smartAddWithLayout(JPanel panel, Object layout, List parts) {
  for (Object o : parts)
    panel.add(wrapForSmartAdd(o), layout);
  return panel;
}

static JPanel smartAddWithLayout(JPanel panel, Object layout, Object... parts) {
  return smartAddWithLayout(panel, layout, asList(flattenArray2(parts)));
}


static <A> List<A> nonNulls(List<A> l) {
  return withoutNulls(l);
}

static <A> List<A> nonNulls(A[] l) {
  return withoutNulls(l);
}

static <A, B> Map<A, B> nonNulls(Map<A, B> map) {
  return withoutNulls(map);
}

static Component jrigid() {
  return javax.swing.Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(0, 0));
}

static String nullIfEmpty(String s) {
  return isEmpty(s) ? null : s;
}

static <A, B> Map<A, B> nullIfEmpty(Map<A, B> map) {
  return isEmpty(map) ? null : map;
}

static <A> List<A> nullIfEmpty(List<A> l) {
  return isEmpty(l) ? null : l;
}

static File localSnippetFile(long snippetID) {
  return localSnippetsDir(snippetID + ".text");
}

static File localSnippetFile(String snippetID) {
  return localSnippetFile(parseSnippetID(snippetID));
}

static String getFileInfoField(File f, String field) {
  return getOneLineFileInfoField(f, field);
}

static File dropExtension(File f) {
  return f == null ? null : fileInSameDir(f, dropExtension(f.getName()));
}

static String dropExtension(String s) {
  return takeFirst(s, smartLastIndexOf(s, '.'));
}

static String htmlQuery(Map params) {
  return empty(params) ? "" : "?" + makePostData(params);
}

static String htmlQuery(Object... data) {
  return empty(data) ? "" : "?" + makePostData(data);
}

static Object[] muricaCredentials() {
  String pass = muricaPassword();
  return nempty(pass) ? new Object[] {"_pass", pass } : new Object[0];
}

static String standardCredentials() {
  String user = standardCredentialsUser();
  String pass = standardCredentialsPass();
  if (nempty(user) && nempty(pass))
    return "&_user=" + urlencode(user) + "&_pass=" + urlencode(pass);
  return "";
}

static boolean saveTextFileIfDifferent(File f, String contents) {
  if (eq(loadTextFile(f), contents)) return false; // TODO: optimize
  { saveTextFile(f, contents); return true; }
}

static boolean isLoopbackIP(String ip) {
  return eq(ip, "127.0.0.1");
}

static int myVMPort() {
  List records =  (List) (get(getJavaX(), "record_list"));
  Object android = last(records);
  return or0((Integer) get(android, "port"));
}

static String thisVMGreeting() {
  List record_list =  (List) (get(getJavaX(), "record_list"));
  Object android = first(record_list); // Should be of class Android3
  return getString(android, "greeting");
}

static String sendToThisVM_newThread(String s, Object... args) {
  final String _s = format(s, args);
  try {
    return (String) evalInNewThread(new F0<Object>() { public Object get() { try { 
      return callStaticAnswerMethod(getJavaX(), _s);
     } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret callStaticAnswerMethod(getJavaX(), _s);"; }});
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e = getInnerException(e);
    printStackTrace(e);
    return str(e);
  }
}

static boolean match(String pat, String s) {
  return match3(pat, s);
}

static boolean match(String pat, String s, Matches matches) {
  return match3(pat, s, matches);
}

static boolean match(String pat, List<String> toks, Matches matches) {
  return match3(pat, toks, matches);
}

static Object makeDependent_postProcess;

static void makeDependent(Object c) {
  if (c == null) return;
  assertTrue("Not a class", c instanceof Class);
  dependentClasses(); // cleans up the list
  hotwire_classes.add(new WeakReference(c));
  
  Object local_log = getOpt(mc(), "local_log");
  if (local_log != null)
    setOpt(c, "local_log", local_log);
    
  /*if (isTrue(getOpt(c, 'ping_actions_shareable)))
    setOpt(c, +ping_actions);*/
    
  Object print_byThread = getOpt(mc(), "print_byThread");
  if (print_byThread != null)
    setOpt(c, "print_byThread", print_byThread);
    
  callF(makeDependent_postProcess, c);
}


static void consoleSetInput(final String text) {
  
    if (headless()) return;
    setTextAndSelectAll(consoleInputField(), text);
    focusConsole();
  
}



static List<File> listFilesWithSuffix(File dir, String suffix) {
  List<File> l = new ArrayList();
  for (File f : listFiles(dir))
    if (!f.isDirectory() && (empty(suffix) || endsWithIgnoreCase(f.getName(), suffix)))
      l.add(f);
  return l;
}

static Map<Component, String> componentID_map = weakHashMap();

static String componentID(Component c) {
  return c == null ? null : componentID_map.get(c);
}

static boolean matchStart(String pat, String s) {
  return matchStart(pat, s, null);
}

// matches are as you expect, plus an extra item for the rest string
static boolean matchStart(String pat, String s, Matches matches) {
  if (s == null) return false;
  return matchStart(pat, parse3_cachedInput(s), matches);
}
  
static boolean matchStart(String pat, List<String> toks, Matches matches) {
  if (toks == null) return false;
  List<String> tokpat = parse3_cachedPattern(pat);
  if (toks.size() < tokpat.size()) return false;
  String[] m = match2(tokpat, toks.subList(0, tokpat.size()));
  //print(structure(tokpat) + " on " + structure(toks) + " => " + structure(m));
  if (m == null) return false;
  if (matches != null) {
    matches.m = new String[m.length+1];
    arraycopy(m, matches.m);
    matches.m[m.length] = joinSubList(toks, tokpat.size(), toks.size()); // for Matches.rest()
  }
  return true;
}

static String sendToLocalBotOpt(String bot, String text, Object... args) {
  if (bot == null) return null;
  text = format(text, args);
   DialogIO channel = findBot(bot); try {
  if (channel == null) {
    print(quote(bot) + " not found, skipping send: " + quote(text));
    return null;
  }
  try {
    channel.readLine();
    print(shorten(bot + "> " + text, 200));
    channel.sendLine(text);
    String s = channel.readLine();
    print(shorten(bot + "< " + s, 200));
    return s;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    return null;
  }
} finally { _close(channel); }}

static boolean exposeMethods2_debug = false;

static String exposeMethods2(Object receiver, String s, List<String> methodNames) {
  return exposeMethods2(receiver, s, methodNames, null);
}

static String exposeMethods2(Object receiver, String s, List<String> methodNames,
  Lock lock) {
  Matches m = new Matches();
  if (exposeMethods2_debug) print("Received: " + s);
  if (match("call *", s, m)) {
    List l;
    if (isIdentifier(m.unq(0)))
      l = ll(m.unq(0));
    else
      l = (List) unstructure(m.unq(0)); // we used to have safeUnstructure here
    String method = getString(l, 0);
    if (!contains(methodNames, method))
      throw fail("Method not allowed: " + method);
    if (lock != null) lock.lock();
    try {
      if (exposeMethods2_debug) print("Calling: " + method);
      Object o = call(receiver, method, asObjectArray(subList(l, 1)));
      if (exposeMethods2_debug) print("Got: " + getClassName(o));
      return ok2(structure(o));
    } finally {
      if (lock != null) lock.unlock();
    }
  }
  if (match("list methods", s))
    return ok2(structure(methodNames));
  return null;
}

static int makeBot(String greeting) {
  return makeAndroid3(greeting).port;
}

static Android3 makeBot(Android3 a) {
  makeAndroid3(a);
  return a;
}

static Android3 makeBot(String greeting, Object responder) {
  Android3 a = new Android3(greeting);
  a.responder = makeResponder(responder);
  makeBot(a);
  return a;
}

static Android3 makeBot() {
  return makeAndroid3(defaultBotName());
}

static <A, B> Comparator<A> mapComparator(final Map<A, B> map) {
  return new Comparator<A>() {
    public int compare(A a, A b) {
      return cmp(map.get(a), map.get(b));
    }
  };
}

// f must return a list
static List concatMap(Object f, Iterable l) {
  return concatLists(map(f, l));
}

static List concatMap(Iterable l, Object f) {
  return concatMap(f, l);
}

static List concatMap(Object f, Object[] l) {
  return concatLists(map(f, l));
}

static List concatMap(Object[] l, Object f) {
  return concatMap(f, l);
}

static <A, B, C extends Iterable<B>> List<B> concatMap(Iterable<A> l, IF1<A, C> f) {
  return concatMap(l, (Object) f);
}

static <A, B, C extends Iterable<B>> List<B> concatMap(IF1<A, C> f, Iterable<A> l) {
  return concatMap(l, f);
}

static Object rcurry(final Object f, final Object arg) {
  int n = numberOfFunctionArguments(f);
  if (n == 0) throw fail("function takes no arguments");
  if (n == 1) return new F0() {
    Object get() {
      return callF(f, arg);
    }
  };
  if (n == 2)
    return new F1() {
      Object get(Object a) {
        return callF(f, a, arg);
      }
    };
  throw todo("currying a function with " + n + "arguments");
}

static String getCanonicalPath(File f) { try {
  return f == null ? null : f.getCanonicalPath();
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static String getCanonicalPath(String path) {
  return getCanonicalPath(newFile(path));
}

static AutoCloseable tempCleaningUp() {
  
  return tempSetTL(ping_isCleanUpThread, true);
  
  
}

static void closeAllWriters(Collection<? extends Writer> l) {
  for (Writer w : unnull(l)) { try {
    w.close();
  } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }}
}

static TimeZone localTimeZone() {
  return getTimeZone(standardTimeZone());
  // TimeZone.getDefault()?
}

static Font loadFont(String snippetID) { try {
  return loadFont(snippetID, 12f);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Font loadFont(InputStream in) { try {
  return Font.createFont(Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, in);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Font loadFont(String snippetID, float fontSize) {
  return loadFont(loadLibrary(snippetID), fontSize);
}

static Font loadFont(File f, float fontSize) { try {
  return Font.createFont(Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, f).deriveFont(fontSize);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Font loadFont(InputStream in, float fontSize) { try {
  return Font.createFont(Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, in).deriveFont(fontSize);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static boolean isLetterOrDigit(char c) {
  return Character.isLetterOrDigit(c);
}

static String intToHex_flexLength(int i) {
  return Integer.toHexString(i);
}

static <A> CloseableIterableIterator<A> iteratorFromFunction_f0_autoCloseable(final F0<A> f, final AutoCloseable closeable) {
  class IFF2 extends CloseableIterableIterator<A> {
    A a;
    boolean done = false;
    
    public boolean hasNext() {
      getNext();
      return !done;
    }
    
    public A next() {
      getNext();
      if (done) throw fail();
      A _a = a;
      a = null;
      return _a;
    }
    
    void getNext() {
      if (done || a != null) return;
      a = f.get();
      done = a == null;
    }
    
    public void close() throws Exception {
      if (closeable != null) closeable.close();
    }
  };
  return new IFF2();
}

static String readLineFromReaderWithClose(BufferedReader r) { try {
  String s = r.readLine();
  if (s == null) r.close();
  return s;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static AutoCloseable _wrapIOCloseable(final AutoCloseable c) {
  return c == null ? null : new AutoCloseable() { public String toString() { return "c.close();\r\n    _registerIO(c, null, false);"; } public void close() throws Exception { c.close();
    _registerIO(c, null, false);
  }};
}


static List<Component> getComponents(final Component c) {
  return !(c instanceof Container) ? emptyList() : asList(swing(new F0<Component[]>() { public Component[] get() { try {  return ((Container) c).getComponents();  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret ((Container) c).getComponents();"; }}));
}

static Object pcallFAll_returnFirstNotNull(Collection l, Object... args) {
  if (l != null) for (Object f : cloneList(l))
    { Object __1= pcallF(f, args); if (__1 != null) return __1; }
  return null;
}

static Object pcallFAll_returnFirstNotNull(Iterator it, Object... args) {
  while (it.hasNext())
    { Object __2= pcallF(it.next(), args); if (__2 != null) return __2; }
  return null;
}

static Object dm_os() {
  { Object __1= vm_generalMap_get("stefansOS"); if (__1 != null) return __1; }
  return creator();
}

static boolean isSubclass(Class a, Class b) {
  return a != null && b != null && b.isAssignableFrom(a);
}

static boolean isAllUpperCase(String s) {
  return hasLettersAllUpperCase(s);
}

static boolean isUpperCaseLetter(char c) {
  return Character.isUpperCase(c);
}

static Object[] asArray(List l) {
  return toObjectArray(l);
}

static <A> A[] asArray(Class<A> type, List l) {
  return (A[]) l.toArray((Object[]) Array.newInstance(type, l.size()));
}

static boolean isMenuSeparatorIndicator(Object o) {
  return eqOneOf(o, "***", "---", "===", "");
}

static int menuItemCount(JMenu menu) {
  return menu == null ? 0 : swing(() -> menu.getItemCount());
}

static boolean isRunnableX(Object o) {
  if (o == null) return false;
  if (o instanceof String) return hasMethod(mc(), (String) o);
  return o instanceof Runnable || hasMethod(o, "get");
}

static String unCurlyBracket(String s) {
  return tok_unCurlyBracket(s);
}

static <A extends JComponent> A bindLiveValueListenerToComponent(A component, final LiveValue lv, final Runnable listener) {
  if (lv != null)
    bindToComponent(component,
      new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
        
        lv.onChangeAndNow(listener);
      
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "ifdef bindLiveValueListenerToComponent_debug\r\n          print(\"bindLiveValueL..."; }},
      new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  lv.removeOnChangeListener(listener) ;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "lv.removeOnChangeListener(listener)"; }});
  return component;
}

static boolean isCurlyBracketed(String s) {
  return isCurlyBraced(s);
}

static <A extends JComponent> A setEnabled(A c, boolean enable) {
  if (c != null) { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  c.setEnabled(enable); 
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "c.setEnabled(enable);"; }}); }
  return c;
}

static <A extends JComponent> A setEnabled(boolean enable, A c) {
  return setEnabled(c, enable);
}

static Set vm_generalWeakSet(Object name) {
  synchronized(get(javax(), "generalMap")) {
    Set set =  (Set) (vm_generalMap_get(name));
    if (set == null)
      vm_generalMap_put(name, set = newWeakHashSet());
    return set;
  }
}


static ThreadLocal<Boolean> addInternalFrame_dontSelect = new ThreadLocal();
static ThreadLocal<Integer> addInternalFrame_layer = new ThreadLocal();
static ThreadLocal<Boolean> addInternalFrame_toBack = new ThreadLocal();

static JInternalFrame addInternalFrame(final JDesktopPane desktop, final String title, final int x, final int y, final int w, final int h) {
  return addInternalFrame(desktop, title, x, y, w, h, null);
}

static JInternalFrame addInternalFrame(final JDesktopPane desktop, final String title, final int x, final int y, final int w, final int h, final Component contents) {
  return addInternalFrame(desktop, title, rect(x, y, w, h), contents);
}

static JInternalFrame addInternalFrame(final JDesktopPane desktop, final String title, final Component contents) {
  return addInternalFrame(desktop, title, null, contents);
}

static JInternalFrame addInternalFrame(final JDesktopPane desktop, final String title, final Rect r, final Component contents) {
  final boolean dontSelect = isTrue(optParam(addInternalFrame_dontSelect));
  final boolean toBack = isTrue(optParam(addInternalFrame_toBack));
  final Integer layer = optParam(addInternalFrame_layer);
  return swing(new F0<JInternalFrame>() { public JInternalFrame get() { try { 
    JInternalFrame frame;
    if (contents instanceof JInternalFrame)
      frame = (JInternalFrame) contents;
    else {
      frame = jInternalFrame(title);
      setInternalFrameContents(frame, contents);
    }
    frame.setVisible(true);
    desktop.add(frame, layer);
    if (r != null)
      setBounds(frame, r);
    else
      internalFrameDefaultPosition(frame);
    if (dontSelect)
      if (toBack)
        frame.toBack();
      else
        frame.toFront();
    else
      frame.setSelected(true);
    return fixInternalFrame(frame);
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "JInternalFrame frame;\r\n    if (contents instanceof JInternalFrame)\r\n      fra..."; }});
}

static JInternalFrame addInternalFrame(JDesktopPane desktop, String title) {
  return addInternalFrame(desktop, title, jpanel());
}

static JInternalFrame minInternalFrameWidth(final JInternalFrame frame, final int w) {
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    if (frame != null && frame.getWidth() < w)
      frame.setSize(w, frame.getHeight());
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (frame != null && frame.getWidth() < w)\r\n      frame.setSize(w, frame.getH..."; }}); }
  return frame;
}

static JInternalFrame minInternalFrameWidth(int w, JInternalFrame frame) {
  return minInternalFrameWidth(frame, w);
}


static <A extends Component> A packInternalFrameVertically(A c) {
  return packInternalFrameVertically(-1, c);
}

static <A extends Component> A packInternalFrameVertically(int width, A c) {
  final JInternalFrame win = getInternalFrame(c);
  if (win == null) return c;
  final int w = width < 0 ? win.getWidth() : width;
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    win.pack();
    win.setSize(w, win.getHeight());
    fixInternalFrame(win);
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "win.pack();\r\n    win.setSize(w, win.getHeight());\r\n    fixInternalFrame(win);"; }}); }
  return c;
}

static JInternalFrame centerInternalFrame(final JInternalFrame f) {
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    Container c = f.getParent();
    if (c != null) {
      //print("Container type: " + className(c) + ", bounds: " + c.getBounds());
      f.setLocation((c.getWidth()-f.getWidth())/2, (c.getHeight()-f.getHeight())/2);
    }
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "Container c = f.getParent();\r\n    if (c != null) {\r\n      //print(\"Container ..."; }}); }
  return f;
}

static JInternalFrame centerInternalFrame(final int w, final int h, final JInternalFrame f) {
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    f.setSize(w, h);
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "f.setSize(w, h);"; }}); }
  return centerInternalFrame(f);
}

static int packFrame_minw = 150, packFrame_minh = 50;

static <A extends Component> A packFrame(final A c) {
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    Window w = getWindow(c);
    if (w != null) {
      w.pack();
      int maxW = getScreenWidth()-50, maxH = getScreenHeight()-50;
      w.setSize(
        min(maxW, max(w.getWidth(), packFrame_minw)),
        min(maxH, max(w.getHeight(), packFrame_minh)));
    }
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "Window w = getWindow(c);\r\n    if (w != null) {\r\n      w.pack();\r\n      int ma..."; }}); }
  return c;
}

static JFrame packFrame(ButtonGroup g) {
  return packFrame(getFrame(g));
}

static JFrame showFrame() {
  return makeFrame();
}

static JFrame showFrame(Object content) {
  return makeFrame(content);
}

static JFrame showFrame(String title) {
  return makeFrame(title);
}

static JFrame showFrame(String title, Object content) {
  return makeFrame(title, content);
}

static JFrame showFrame(final JFrame f) {
  if (f != null) { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    if (frameTooSmall(f)) frameStandardSize(f);
    if (!f.isVisible()) f.setVisible(true); // XXX
    if (f.getState() == Frame.ICONIFIED) f.setState(Frame.NORMAL);
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (frameTooSmall(f)) frameStandardSize(f);\r\n    if (!f.isVisible()) f.setVis..."; }}); }
  return f;
}

// make or update frame
static JFrame showFrame(String title, Object content, JFrame frame) {
  if (frame == null)
    return showFrame(title, content);
  else {
    frame.setTitle(title);
    setFrameContents(frame, content);
    return frame;
  }
}

static <A, B extends Collection<A>> void forEachLevel2(Iterable<B> l, IVF1<A> f) {
  if (l != null) for (B b : l)
    forEach(b, f);
}

static <A, B extends Collection<A>> void forEachLevel2(IVF1<A> f, Iterable<B> l) {
  forEachLevel2(f, l);
}

static Dimension getMinimumSize(final Component c) {
  return c == null ? null : swing(new F0<Dimension>() { public Dimension get() { try {  return c.getMinimumSize();  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret c.getMinimumSize();"; }});
}

// c = Component or something implementing swing()
static JComponent wrap(Object swingable) {
  return _recordNewSwingComponent(wrap_2(swingable));
}

static JComponent wrap_2(Object swingable) {
  if (swingable == null) return null;
  JComponent c;
  if (swingable instanceof Component) c = componentToJComponent(((Component) swingable));
  
  else c = componentToJComponent((Component) callOpt(swingable, "swing"));
  if (c instanceof JTable || c instanceof JList
    || c instanceof JTextArea || c instanceof JEditorPane
    || c instanceof JTextPane || c instanceof JTree)
    return jscroll(c);
  return c == null ? jlabel(str(swingable)) : c;
}

static <A extends Component> A jPreferWidth(int w, A c) {
  Dimension size = c.getPreferredSize();
  c.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(/*max(w, size.width) ??? */w, size.height));
  return c;
}

static JLabel jlabel(final String text) {
  return swingConstruct(BetterLabel.class, text);
}

static JLabel jlabel() {
  return jlabel(" ");
}

static boolean newButton_autoToolTip = true;

// action can be Runnable or a function name
static JButton newButton(final String text, final Object action) {
  return swing(new F0<JButton>() { public JButton get() { try { 
    String text2 = dropPrefix("[disabled] ", text);
    final JButton btn = new JButton(text2);
    if (l(text2) < l(text)) btn.setEnabled(false);
    if (newButton_autoToolTip) {
      btn.setToolTipText(btn.getText());
      //onChangeAndNow(btn, r { btn.setToolTipText(btn.getText()) });
    }
    // submitButtonOnEnter(btn); // test this first
    if (action != null)
      btn.addActionListener(actionListener(action, btn));
    return btn;
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "S text2 = dropPrefix(\"[disabled] \", text);\r\n    final JButton btn = new JButt..."; }});
}

static boolean isInstanceOf(Object o, Class type) {
  return type.isInstance(o);
}

static void disposeWindow(final Window window) {
  if (window != null) { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    window.dispatchEvent(new WindowEvent(window, WindowEvent.WINDOW_CLOSING)); // call listeners
    myFrames_list.remove(window);
    window.dispose();
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "window.dispatchEvent(new WindowEvent(window, WindowEvent.WINDOW_CLOSING)); //..."; }}); }
}

static void disposeWindow(final Component c) {
  disposeWindow(getWindow(c));
}

static void disposeWindow(Object o) {
  if (o != null) disposeWindow(((Component) o));
}

static void disposeWindow() {
  disposeWindow(heldInstance(Component.class));
}

static List<Component> allChildren(Component c) {
  return childrenOfType(c, Component.class);
}

static void onEnterIfTextField(Component c, Object action) {
  if (action == null) return;
  if (c instanceof JTextField)
    onEnter((JTextField) c, action);
  else if (c instanceof JComboBox)
    onEnter((JComboBox) c, action);
}

static Object[] flattenArray2(Object... a) {
  List l = new ArrayList();
  if (a != null) for (Object x : a)
    if (x instanceof Object[])
      l.addAll(asList((Object[]) x));
    else if (x instanceof Collection)
      l.addAll((Collection) x);
    else
      l.add(x);
  return asObjectArray(l);
}

static <A> List<A> withoutNulls(Collection<A> l) {
  if (l instanceof List)
    if (!containsNulls(((List) l))) return ((List) l);
  List<A> l2 = new ArrayList();
  for (A a : l)
    if (a != null)
      l2.add(a);
  return l2;
}

static <A, B> Map<A, B> withoutNulls(Map<A, B> map) {
  Map<A, B> map2 = similarEmptyMap(map);
  for (A a : keys(map))
    if (a != null) {
      B b = map.get(a);
      if (b != null)
        map2.put(a, b);
    }
  return map2;
}

static <A> List<A> withoutNulls(A[] l) {
  List<A> l2 = new ArrayList();
  if (l != null) for (A a : l)
    if (a != null)
      l2.add(a);
  return l2;
}

static File localSnippetsDir() {
  return javaxDataDir("Personal Programs");
}

static File localSnippetsDir(String sub) {
  return newFile(localSnippetsDir(), sub);
}

static String getOneLineFileInfoField(File f, String field) {
  File infoFile = associatedInfosFile(f);
  List<String> lines = lines(loadTextFile(infoFile));
  return firstStartingWithIC_drop(lines, field + ": ");
}

static File fileInSameDir(File f, String newName) {
  return newFile(parentFile(f), newName);
}

static <A> List<A> takeFirst(List<A> l, int n) {
  return l(l) <= n ? l : newSubListOrSame(l, 0, n);
}

static <A> List<A> takeFirst(int n, List<A> l) {
  return takeFirst(l, n);
}

static String takeFirst(int n, String s) { return substring(s, 0, n); }
static String takeFirst(String s, int n) { return substring(s, 0, n); }

static CharSequence takeFirst(int n, CharSequence s) { return subCharSequence(s, 0, n); }

static <A> List<A> takeFirst(int n, Iterable<A> i) {
  if (i == null) return null;
  List l = new ArrayList();
  Iterator<A> it = i.iterator();
  for (int _repeat_0 = 0; _repeat_0 < n; _repeat_0++)  { if (it.hasNext()) l.add(it.next()); else break; }
  return l;
}

static int[] takeFirst(int n, int[] a) {
  return takeFirstOfIntArray(n, a);
}

static int smartLastIndexOf(String s, char c) {
  if (s == null) return 0;
  int i = s.lastIndexOf(c);
  return i >= 0 ? i : l(s);
}

static <A> int smartLastIndexOf(List<A> l, A sub) {
  int i = lastIndexOf(l, sub);
  return i < 0 ? l(l) : i;
}

static String makePostData(Map<Object, Object> map) {
  StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
  for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> e : map.entrySet()) {
    String key =  (String) (e.getKey());
    Object val = e.getValue();
    if (val != null) {
      String value = str(val);
      if (nempty(buf)) buf.append("&");
      buf.append(urlencode(key)).append("=").append(urlencode(/*escapeMultichars*/(value)));
    }
  }
  return str(buf);
}

static String makePostData(Object... params) {
  StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
  int n = l(params);
  for (int i = 0; i+1 < n; i += 2) {
    String key =  (String) (params[i]);
    Object val = params[i+1];
    if (val != null) {
      String value = str(val);
      if (nempty(buf)) buf.append("&");
      buf.append(urlencode(key)).append("=").append(urlencode(/*escapeMultichars*/(value)));
    }
  }
  return str(buf);

}


static String standardCredentialsUser() {
  return trim(loadTextFile(
    oneOfTheFiles(
      javaxSecretDir("tinybrain-username"),
      userDir(".tinybrain/username"))));
}

static String standardCredentialsPass() {
  return trim(loadTextFile(
    oneOfTheFiles(
      javaxSecretDir("tinybrain-userpass"),
      userDir(".tinybrain/userpass"))));
}

static String urlencode(String x) {
  try {
    return URLEncoder.encode(unnull(x), "UTF-8");
  } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
}

static int or0(Integer i) { return i == null ? 0 : i; }
static long or0(Long l) { return l == null ? 0L : l; }
static double or0(Double d) { return d == null ? 0.0 : d; }

static String getString(Map map, Object key) {
  return map == null ? null : (String) map.get(key);
}

static String getString(List l, int idx) {
  return (String) get(l, idx);
}

static String getString(Object o, Object key) {
  if (o instanceof Map) return getString((Map) o, key);
  if (key instanceof String)
    return (String) getOpt(o, (String) key);
  throw fail("Not a string key: " + getClassName(key));
}

static String getString(String key, Object o) {
  return getString(o, (Object) key);
}

static Object evalInNewThread(final Object f) {
  final Flag flag = new Flag();
  final Var var = new Var();
  final Var<Throwable> exception = new Var();
  { startThread(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  try {
      var.set(callF(f));
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      exception.set(e);
    }
    flag.raise();
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "try {\r\n      var.set(callF(f));\r\n    } catch (Throwable e) {\r\n      exception..."; }}); }
  flag.waitUntilUp();
  if (exception.has()) throw rethrow(exception.get());
  return var.get();
}

static String callStaticAnswerMethod(List bots, String s) {
  for (Object c : bots) try {
    String answer = callStaticAnswerMethod(c, s);
    if (!empty(answer)) return answer;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    print("Error calling " + getProgramID(c));
    e.printStackTrace();
  }
  return null;
}

static String callStaticAnswerMethod(Object c, String s) {
  String answer = (String) callOpt(c, "answer", s, litlist(s));
  if (answer == null)
    answer = (String) callOpt(c, "answer", s);
  return emptyToNull(answer);
}

static String callStaticAnswerMethod(String s) {
  return callStaticAnswerMethod(mc(), s);
}

static String callStaticAnswerMethod(String s, List<String> history) {
  return callStaticAnswerMethod(mc(), s, history);
}

static String callStaticAnswerMethod(Object c, String s, List<String> history) {
  String answer = (String) callOpt(c, "answer", s, history);
  if (answer == null)
    answer = (String) callOpt(c, "answer", s);
  return emptyToNull(answer);
}

static boolean match3(String pat, String s) {
  return match3(pat, s, null);
}

static boolean match3(String pat, String s, Matches matches) {
  if (pat == null || s == null) return false;
  return match3(pat, parse3_cachedInput(s), matches);
}
  
static boolean match3(String pat, List<String> toks, Matches matches) {
  List<String> tokpat = parse3_cachedPattern(pat);
  return match3(tokpat, toks, matches);
}

static boolean match3(List<String> tokpat, List<String> toks, Matches matches) {
  String[] m = match2(tokpat, toks);
  //print(structure(tokpat) + " on " + structure(toks) + " => " + structure(m));
  if (m == null) return false;
  if (matches != null) matches.m = m; return true;
}

static List<Class> dependentClasses() {
  return cleanUpAndGetWeakReferencesList(hotwire_classes);
}

static JTextField setTextAndSelectAll(final JTextField tf, final String text) {
  if (tf != null) { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    tf.setText(text);
    tf.selectAll();
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "tf.setText(text);\r\n    tf.selectAll();"; }}); }
  return tf;
}

static JTextField consoleInputField() {
  Object console = get(getJavaX(), "console");
  return (JTextField) getOpt(console, "tfInput");
}

static void focusConsole(String s) {
  setConsoleInput(s);
  focusConsole();
}

static void focusConsole() {
  JComponent tf = consoleInputFieldOrComboBox();
  if (tf != null) {
    //print("Focusing console");
    tf.requestFocus();
  }
}



static Map<JFrame, Boolean> myFrames_list = weakHashMap();

static List<JFrame> myFrames() {
  return swing(new F0<List<JFrame>>() { public List<JFrame> get() { try {  return keysList(myFrames_list);  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret keysList(myFrames_list);"; }});
}


static List<WeakReference<Class>> hotwire_classes = synchroList();

static Class<?> hotwireDependent(String src) {
  Class c = hotwire(src);
  makeDependent(c);
  return c;
}


static File[] listFiles(File dir) {
  File[] files = dir.listFiles();
  return files == null ? new File[0] : files;
}

static File[] listFiles(String dir) {
  return listFiles(new File(dir));
}

static <A, B> Map<A, B> weakHashMap() {
  return newWeakHashMap();
}



static Map<String, List<String>> parse3_cachedInput_cache = synchronizedMRUCache(1000);

static List<String> parse3_cachedInput(String s) {
  List<String> tok = parse3_cachedInput_cache.get(s);
  if (tok == null) parse3_cachedInput_cache.put(s, tok = parse3(s));
  return tok;
}





static Map<String, List<String>> parse3_cachedPattern_cache = synchronizedMRUCache(1000);

static synchronized List<String> parse3_cachedPattern(String s) {
  List<String> tok = parse3_cachedPattern_cache.get(s);
  if (tok == null) parse3_cachedPattern_cache.put(s, tok = parse3(s));
  return tok;
}



static Object[] asObjectArray(Collection l) {
  return toObjectArray(l);
}

static String ok2(String s) {
  return "ok " + s;
}

// An "Android" is a program that accepts text questions (on console or TCP) and outputs one response text per question

//please include function myJavaSource. // for getting my known commands

static boolean makeAndroid3_disable = false; // disable all android making

static class Android3 implements AutoCloseable {
  String greeting;
  boolean publicOverride = false; // optionally set this in client
  int startPort = 5000; // optionally set this in client
  Responder responder;
  boolean console = true;
  boolean quiet = false; // no messages on console
  boolean daemon = false;
  boolean incomingSilent = false;
  int incomingPrintLimit = 200;
  boolean useMultiPort = true;
  boolean recordHistory = false;
  boolean verbose = false;
  int answerPrintLimit = 500;
  boolean newLineAboveAnswer, newLineBelowAnswer;
  
  // set by system
  int port;
  long vport;
  DialogHandler handler;
  ServerSocket server;
  
  Android3(String greeting) {
  this.greeting = greeting;}
  Android3() {}
  
  public void close() { dispose(); }
  
  synchronized void dispose() {
    if (server != null) {
      try {
        server.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        print("[internal] " + e);
      }
      server = null;
    }
    if (vport != 0) { try {
      print("Disposing " + this);
      removeFromMultiPort(vport);
      vport = 0;
    } catch (Throwable __e) { _handleException(__e); }}
  }
  
  public String toString() { return "Bot: " + greeting + " [vport " + vport + "]"; }
}

static abstract class Responder {
  abstract String answer(String s, List<String> history);
}

static Android3 makeAndroid3(final String greeting) {
  return makeAndroid3(new Android3(greeting));
}

static Android3 makeAndroid3(final String greeting, Responder responder) {
  Android3 android = new Android3(greeting);
  android.responder = responder;
  return makeAndroid3(android);
}

static Android3 makeAndroid3(final Android3 a) {
  if (makeAndroid3_disable) return a;
  
  if (a.responder == null)
    a.responder = new Responder() {
      String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
        return callStaticAnswerMethod(s, history);
      }
    };
    
  if (!a.quiet)
    print("[bot] " + a.greeting);
  
  if (a.console && (readLine_noReadLine || makeAndroid3_consoleInUse()))
    a.console = false;
  
  record(a);
  
  if (a.useMultiPort)
    a.vport = addToMultiPort(a.greeting,
      makeAndroid3_verboseResponder(a));
      
  if (a.console)
    makeAndroid3_handleConsole(a);

  if (a.useMultiPort) return a;

  a.handler = makeAndroid3_makeDialogHandler(a);
  if (a.quiet) startDialogServer_quiet.set(true);
  try {
    a.port = a.daemon
      ? startDialogServerOnPortAboveDaemon(a.startPort, a.handler)
      : startDialogServerOnPortAbove(a.startPort, a.handler);
  } finally {
    startDialogServer_quiet.set(null);
  }
  a.server = startDialogServer_serverSocket;

  return a;
}

static void makeAndroid3_handleConsole(final Android3 a) {
  // Console handling stuff
  if (!a.quiet)
    print("You may also type on this console.");
  { startThread(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  List<String> history = new ArrayList();
    while (licensed()) {
      String line;
      try {
        line = readLine();
      } catch (Throwable e) {
        print(getInnerMessage(e));
        break;
      }
      if (line == null) break;
      /*if (eq(line, "bye")) {
        print("> bye stranger");
        history = new ArrayList<S>();
      } else*/ {
        history.add(line);
        history.add(makeAndroid3_getAnswer(line, history, a)); // prints answer on console too
      }
    }
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "List<String> history = new ArrayList();\r\n    while (licensed()) {\r\n      Stri..."; }}); }
}

static DialogHandler makeAndroid3_makeDialogHandler(final Android3 a) {
  return new DialogHandler() {
public void run(final DialogIO io) {
    if (!a.publicOverride && !(publicCommOn() || io.isLocalConnection())) {
      io.sendLine("Sorry, not allowed");
      return;
    }
    
    String dialogID = randomID(8);
    
    io.sendLine(a.greeting + " / Your ID: " + dialogID);
    
    List<String> history = new ArrayList();
    
    while (io.isStillConnected()) {
      if (io.waitForLine()) {
        final String line = io.readLineNoBlock();
        String s = dialogID + " at " + now() + ": " + quote(line);
        if (!a.incomingSilent)
          print(shorten(s, a.incomingPrintLimit));
        if (eq(line, "bye")) {
          io.sendLine("bye stranger");
          return;
        }
        Matches m = new Matches();
        if (a.recordHistory)
          history.add(line);
        String answer;
        if (match3("this is a continuation of talk *", s, m)
          || match3("hello bot! this is a continuation of talk *", s, m)) {
          dialogID = unquote(m.m[0]);
          answer = "ok";
        } else try {
          makeAndroid3_io.set(io);
          answer = makeAndroid3_getAnswer(line, history, a);
        } finally {
          makeAndroid3_io.set(null);
        }
        if (a.recordHistory)
          history.add(answer);
        io.sendLine(answer);
        //appendToLog(logFile, s);
      }
    }
  }};
}

static String makeAndroid3_getAnswer(String line, List<String> history, Android3 a) {
  String answer, originalAnswer;
  try {
    originalAnswer = a.responder.answer(line, history);
    answer = makeAndroid3_fallback(line, history, originalAnswer);
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e = getInnerException(e);
    printStackTrace(e);
    originalAnswer = answer = e.toString();
  }
  if (!a.incomingSilent) {
    if (originalAnswer == null) originalAnswer = "?";
    if (a.newLineAboveAnswer) print();
    print(">" + dropFirst(indentx(2, shorten(rtrim(originalAnswer), a.answerPrintLimit))));
    if (a.newLineBelowAnswer) print();
  }
  return answer;
}

static String makeAndroid3_fallback(String s, List<String> history, String answer) {
  // Now we only do the safe thing instead of VM inspection - give out our process ID
  if (answer == null && match3("what is your pid", s))
    return getPID();
    
  if (answer == null && match3("what is your program id", s)) // should be fairly safe, right?
    return getProgramID();
    
  if (match3("get injection id", s))
    return getInjectionID();
    
  if (answer == null) answer = "?";
  if (answer.indexOf('\n') >= 0 || answer.indexOf('\r') >= 0)
    answer = quote(answer);
  return answer;
}

static boolean makeAndroid3_consoleInUse() {
  if (isTrue(vm_generalMap_get("consoleInUse"))) return true;
  for (Object o : record_list)
    if (o instanceof Android3 && ((Android3) o).console)
      return true;
  return false;
}

static Responder makeAndroid3_verboseResponder(final Android3 a) {
  return new Responder() {
    String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
      if (a.verbose)
        print("> " + shorten(s, a.incomingPrintLimit));
      String answer = a.responder.answer(s, history);
      if (a.verbose)
        print("< " + shorten(answer, a.incomingPrintLimit));
      return answer;
    }
  };
}

static ThreadLocal<DialogIO> makeAndroid3_io = new ThreadLocal();

static Android3 makeAndroid3() {
  return makeAndroid3(getProgramTitle() + ".");
}

static String makeResponder_callAnswerMethod(Object bot, String s, List<String> history) {
  String answer = (String) callOpt(bot, "answer", s, history);
  if (answer == null)
    answer = (String) callOpt(bot, "answer", s);
  return answer;
}

static Responder makeResponder(final Object bot) {
  if (bot instanceof Responder) return (Responder) bot;
  
  if (bot instanceof String) {
    String f =  (String) bot;
    return new Responder() {
      String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
        String answer = (String) callOptMC((String) bot, s, history);
        if (answer == null)
          answer = (String) callOptMC((String) bot, s);
        return answer;
      }
    };
  }
  
  return new Responder() {
    String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
      return makeResponder_callAnswerMethod(bot, s, history);
    }
  };
}

static String defaultBotName() {
  return getProgramTitle() + ".";
}

static int numberOfFunctionArguments(Object f) {
   if (f instanceof F0) return 0; 
   if (f instanceof F1) return 1; 
   if (f instanceof F2) return 2; 
   if (f instanceof VF1) return 1; 
   if (f instanceof VF2) return 2; 
  
  if (f instanceof String) return numberOfMethodArguments(mc(), (String) f);
  return numberOfMethodArguments(f, "get");
}

  static RuntimeException todo() {
    throw new RuntimeException("TODO");
  }
  
  static RuntimeException todo(Object msg) {
    throw new RuntimeException("TODO: " + msg);
  }



static TimeZone getTimeZone(String name) {
  return TimeZone.getTimeZone(name);
}

static String standardTimeZone_name = "Europe/Berlin";

static String standardTimeZone() {
  return standardTimeZone_name;
}

static boolean hasLettersAllUpperCase(String s) {
  return hasLetters(s) && !containsLowerCase(s);
}

static String tok_unCurlyBracket(String s) {
  return isCurlyBraced(s) ? join(dropFirstThreeAndLastThree(javaTok(s))) : s;
}

static <A extends JComponent> A bindToComponent(final A component, final Runnable onShow, final Runnable onUnShow) {
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    final Var < Boolean > flag = new Var<>(false);
    component.addAncestorListener(new AncestorListener() {
      public void ancestorAdded(AncestorEvent event) {
        if (flag.get()) print("Warning: bindToComponent logic failure");
        flag.set(true);
        pcallF(onShow);
      }
  
      public void ancestorRemoved(AncestorEvent event) {
        if (!flag.get()) print("Warning: bindToComponent logic failure");
        flag.set(false);
        pcallF(onUnShow);
      }
  
      public void ancestorMoved(AncestorEvent event) {
      }
    });
    if (component.isShowing()) { // Hopefully this matches the AncestorListener logic
      flag.set(true);
      pcallF(onShow);
    }
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "final Var<Boolean> flag = new(false);\r\n    component.addAncestorListener(new ..."; }}); }
  return component;
}

static <A extends JComponent> A bindToComponent(A component, Runnable onShow) {
  return bindToComponent(component, onShow, null);
}

static boolean isCurlyBraced(String s) {
  List<String> tok = tok_combineCurlyBrackets_keep(javaTok(s));
  return l(tok) == 3 && startsWithAndEndsWith(tok.get(1), "{", "}");
}

static Rect rect(int x, int y, int w, int h) {
  return new Rect(x, y, w, h);
}



static boolean jInternalFrame_iconifiable = true;

static JInternalFrame jInternalFrame() {
  return jInternalFrame("");
}

static JInternalFrame jInternalFrame(final String title) {
  return swing(new F0<JInternalFrame>() { public JInternalFrame get() { try { 
    JInternalFrame f = new JInternalFrame(title, true, true, true, jInternalFrame_iconifiable);
    f.setVisible(true);
    return f;
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "JInternalFrame f = new JInternalFrame(title, true, true, true, jInternalFrame..."; }});
}

static void setInternalFrameContents(final Component c, final Object contents) {
  { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    JInternalFrame frame = getInternalFrame(c);
    if (frame == null) return;
    frame.getContentPane().removeAll();
    frame.getContentPane().setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    if (contents != null) frame.getContentPane().add(wrap(contents));
    revalidate(frame);
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "JInternalFrame frame = getInternalFrame(c);\r\n    if (frame == null) return;\r\n..."; }}); }
}

static <A extends Component> A setBounds(final int x, final int y, final int w, final int h, final A a) {
  if (a != null) { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    a.setBounds(x, y, w, h);
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "a.setBounds(x, y, w, h);"; }}); }
  return a;
}

static <A extends Component> A setBounds(A a, Rect r) {
  if (a != null && r != null) { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    a.setBounds(toRectangle(r));
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "a.setBounds(toRectangle(r));"; }}); }
  return a;
}

static <A extends Component> A setBounds(Rect r, A a) {
  return setBounds(a, r);
}

static <A extends Component> A setBounds(A a, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
  return setBounds(x, y, w, h, a);
}

static void internalFrameDefaultPosition(JInternalFrame f) {
  f.setSize(500, 300);
  centerInternalFrame(f);
}

static int fixInternalFrame_borderTopLeft = 0;
static int fixInternalFrame_borderBottomRight = 40; // for title bar

static JInternalFrame fixInternalFrame(final JInternalFrame f) {
  return swing(new F0<JInternalFrame>() { public JInternalFrame get() { try { 
    Container c = f.getParent();
    if (c == null) return f;
    Rect r = toRect(f.getBounds());
    int a = fixInternalFrame_borderTopLeft, b = fixInternalFrame_borderBottomRight;
    Rect outer = new Rect(a, a, c.getWidth()-b, c.getHeight()-b);
    if (!rectContains(outer, r))
      f.setLocation(
        max(a, min(r.x, outer.x2())),
        max(a, min(r.y, outer.y2())));
    if (r.w > c.getWidth() || r.h > c.getHeight())
      f.setSize(c.getWidth()-a, c.getHeight()-a);
    return f;
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "Container c = f.getParent();\r\n    if (c == null) ret f;\r\n    Rect r = toRect(..."; }});
}


static int getScreenWidth() {
  return getScreenSize().width;
}

static int getScreenHeight() {
  return getScreenSize().height;
}

static String makeFrame_defaultIcon;
static boolean makeFrame_hideConsole = false;
static ThreadLocal<VF1<JFrame>> makeFrame_post = new ThreadLocal();

static JFrame makeFrame() {
  return makeFrame((Component) null);
}

static JFrame makeFrame(Object content) {
  return makeFrame(programTitle(), content);
}

static JFrame makeFrame(String title) {
  return makeFrame(title, null);
}

static JFrame makeFrame(String title, Object content) {
  return makeFrame(title, content, true);
}

static JFrame makeFrame(final String title, final Object content, final boolean showIt) {
  final VF1<JFrame> post = optParam(makeFrame_post);
  return swing(new F0<JFrame>() { public JFrame get() { try { 
    if (getFrame(content) != null)
      return getFrame(setFrameTitle((Component) content, title));
    final JFrame frame = new JFrame(title);
    if (makeFrame_defaultIcon != null)
      setFrameIconLater(frame, makeFrame_defaultIcon);
    _initFrame(frame);
    Component wrapped = wrap(content);
    if (wrapped != null)
      frame.getContentPane().add(wrapped);
    frame.setBounds(defaultNewFrameBounds());
    
    callF(post, frame);
    
    if (showIt)
      frame.setVisible(true);
    //callOpt(content, "requestFocus");
    //exitOnFrameClose(frame);
    
    if (showIt && makeFrame_hideConsole) {
      hideConsole();
      makeFrame_hideConsole = false;
    }
    
    return frame;
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "if (getFrame(content) != null)\r\n      ret getFrame(setFrameTitle((Component) ..."; }});
}

static boolean frameTooSmall(JFrame frame) {
  return frame.getWidth() < 100 || frame.getHeight() < 50;
}

static void frameStandardSize(JFrame frame) {
  frame.setBounds(300, 100, 500, 400);
}

static void setFrameContents(final Component c, final Object contents) { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
  JFrame frame = getFrame(c);
  if (frame == null) return;
  frame.getContentPane().removeAll();
  frame.getContentPane().setLayout(new BorderLayout());
  frame.getContentPane().add(wrap(contents));
  revalidate(frame);

} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "JFrame frame = getFrame(c);\r\n  if (frame == null) return;\r\n  frame.getContent..."; }}); }

static <A> void forEach(Iterable<A> l, IVF1<A> f) {
  if (l != null) for (A a : l)
    callF(f, a);
}

static <A> void forEach(IVF1<A> f, Iterable<A> l) {
  forEach(l, f);
}

static <A extends Component> A _recordNewSwingComponent(A c) {
  if (c != null)
    callF((Object) vm_generalMap_get("newSwingComponentRegistry"), (Object) c);
  return c;
}

static JComponent componentToJComponent(Component c) {
  if (c instanceof JComponent) return (JComponent) c;
  if (c instanceof JFrame) return ((JFrame) c).getRootPane();
  if (c == null) return null;
  throw fail("boohoo " + getClassName(c));
}


static <A> List<A> childrenOfType(Component c, Class<A> theClass) {
  List<A> l = new ArrayList();
  scanForComponents(c, theClass, l);
  return l;
}

static <A> List<A> childrenOfType(Class<A> theClass, Component c) {
  return childrenOfType(c, theClass);
}

static boolean containsNulls(Collection c) {
  return contains(c, null);
}

static Map similarEmptyMap(Map m) {
  if (m instanceof TreeMap) return new TreeMap(((TreeMap) m).comparator());
  if (m instanceof LinkedHashMap) return new LinkedHashMap();
  
  // default to a hash map
  return new HashMap();
}

static File associatedInfosFile(File f) {
  return replaceExtension(f, ".infos");
}

static String firstStartingWithIC_drop(Collection<String> l, final String prefix) {
  for (String s : unnull(l))
    if (swic(s, prefix))
      return substring(s, l(prefix));
  return null;
}

static String firstStartingWithIC_drop(String prefix, Collection<String> l) {
  return firstStartingWithIC_drop(l, prefix);
}

static File parentFile(File f) {
  return dirOfFile(f);
}

static <A> List<A> newSubListOrSame(List<A> l, int startIndex) {
  return newSubListOrSame(l, startIndex, l(l));
}

static <A> List<A> newSubListOrSame(List<A> l, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
  if (l == null) return null;
  int n = l(l);
  startIndex = max(0, startIndex);
  endIndex = min(n, endIndex);
  if (startIndex >= endIndex) return ll();
  if (startIndex == 0 && endIndex == n) return l;
  return cloneList(l.subList(startIndex, endIndex));
}



static int[] takeFirstOfIntArray(int[] b, int n) {
  return subIntArray(b, 0, n);
}

static int[] takeFirstOfIntArray(int n, int[] b) {
  return takeFirstOfIntArray(b, n);
}

static File oneOfTheFiles(String... paths) {
  if (paths != null) for (String path : paths)
    if (fileExists(path))
      return newFile(path);
  return null;
}

static File oneOfTheFiles(File... files) {
  return oneOfTheFiles(asList(files));
}

static File oneOfTheFiles(Iterable<File> files) {
  if (files != null) for (File f : files)
    if (fileExists(f))
      return f;
  return null;
}

static String emptyToNull(String s) {
  return eq(s, "") ? null : s;
}

static <A, B> Map<A, B> emptyToNull(Map<A, B> map) {
  return empty(map) ? null : map;
}

static <A> List<A> cleanUpAndGetWeakReferencesList(List<WeakReference<A>> l) {
  if (l == null) return null;
  synchronized(l) {
    List<A> out = new ArrayList();
    for (int i = 0; i < l(l); i++) {
      A a = l.get(i).get();
      if (a == null)
        l.remove(i--);
      else
        out.add(a);
    }
    return out;
  }
}

static void setConsoleInput(String text) {
  consoleSetInput(text);
}

static JComponent consoleInputFieldOrComboBox() {
  Object console = get(getJavaX(), "console");
  JComboBox cb =  (JComboBox) (getOpt(console, "cbInput"));
  if (cb != null) return cb;
  return (JTextField) getOpt(console, "tfInput");
}



static List<String> parse3(String s) {
  return dropPunctuation(javaTokPlusPeriod(s));
}

static void removeFromMultiPort(long vport) {
  if (vport == 0) return;
  for (Object port : getMultiPorts())
    call(port, "removePort", vport);
}

static List<Object> record_list = synchroList();

static void record(Object o) {
  record_list.add(o);
}

static Object addToMultiPort_responder;

static long addToMultiPort(final String botName) {
  return addToMultiPort(botName, new Object() {
    public String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
      String answer =  (String) (callOpt(getMainClass(), "answer", s, history));
      if (answer != null) return answer;
      answer = (String) callOpt(getMainClass(), "answer", s);
      if (answer != null) return answer;
      if (match3("get injection id", s))
        return getInjectionID();
      return null;
    }
  });
}

static long addToMultiPort(final String botName, final Object responder) {
  //print(botName);
  addToMultiPort_responder = responder;
  startMultiPort();
  List ports = getMultiPorts();
  if (ports == null) return 0;
  if (ports.isEmpty())
    throw fail("No multiports!");
  if (ports.size() > 1)
    print("Multiple multi-ports. Using last one.");
  Object port = last(ports);
  Object responder2 = new Object() {
    public String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
      if (match3("get injection id", s))
        return getInjectionID();
      if (match3("your name", s))
        return botName;
      return (String) call(responder, "answer", s, history);
    }
  };
  record(responder2);
  return (Long) call(port, "addResponder", botName, responder2);
}


static AtomicInteger dialogServer_clients = new AtomicInteger();
static boolean dialogServer_printConnects = false;
static ThreadLocal<Boolean> startDialogServer_quiet = new ThreadLocal();

static Set<String> dialogServer_knownClients = synchroTreeSet();

static int startDialogServerOnPortAbove(int port, DialogHandler handler) {
  while (!forbiddenPort(port) && !startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(port, handler))
    ++port;
  return port;
}

static int startDialogServerOnPortAboveDaemon(int port, DialogHandler handler) {
  while (!forbiddenPort(port) && !startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(port, handler, true))
    ++port;
  return port;
}

static void startDialogServer(int port, DialogHandler handler) {
  if (!startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(port, handler))
    throw fail("Can't start dialog server on port " + port);
}

static boolean startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(int port, final DialogHandler handler) {
  return startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(port, handler, false);
}

static ServerSocket startDialogServer_serverSocket;
  
static boolean startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(int port, final DialogHandler handler, boolean daemon) {
  ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
  try {
    serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
  } catch (IOException e) {
    // probably the port number is used - let's assume there already is a chat server.
    return false;
  }
  final ServerSocket _serverSocket = serverSocket;
  startDialogServer_serverSocket = serverSocket;

  Thread thread = new Thread("Socket accept port " + port) { public void run() {
   try {
    while (true) {
      try {
        final Socket s = _serverSocket.accept();
        
        String client = s.getInetAddress().toString();
        if (!dialogServer_knownClients.contains(client) && neq(client, "/127.0.0.1")) {
          print("connect from " + client + " - clients: " + dialogServer_clients.incrementAndGet());
          dialogServer_knownClients.add(client);
        }
        
        String threadName = "Handling client " + s.getInetAddress();

        Thread t2 = new Thread(threadName) {
         public void run() {
          try {
            final Writer w = new OutputStreamWriter(s.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
            final BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
              new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
              
            DialogIO io = new DialogIO() {
            
              // This should be the same as #1001076 (talkTo)
            
  boolean isLocalConnection() {
    return s.getInetAddress().isLoopbackAddress();
  }
  
  boolean isStillConnected() {
    return !(eos || s.isClosed());
  }
  
  void sendLine(String line) { try {
    w.write(line + "\n");
    w.flush();
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  String readLineImpl() { try {
    return in.readLine();
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  public void close() {
    try {
      s.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      // whatever
    }
  }
  
  Socket getSocket() {
    return s;
  }
  };
            
            try {
              handler.run(io);
            } finally {
              if (!io.noClose)
                s.close();
            }
          } catch (IOException e) {
            print("[internal] " + e);
          } finally {
            //print("client disconnect - " + dialogServer_clients.decrementAndGet() + " remaining");
          }
         }
        }; // Thread t2
        t2.setDaemon(true); // ?
        t2.start();
      } catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
      }
    }   
   } catch (IOException e) {
     print("[internal] " + e);
   }
  }};
  if (daemon) thread.setDaemon(true);
  thread.start();
 
  if (!isTrue(getAndClearThreadLocal(startDialogServer_quiet)))
    print("Dialog server on port " + port + " started."); 
  return true;
}

static boolean publicCommOn() {
  return "1".equals(loadTextFile(new File(userHome(), ".javax/public-communication")));
}

static int randomID_defaultLength = 12;

static String randomID(int length) {
  return makeRandomID(length);
}

static String randomID(Random r, int length) {
  return makeRandomID(r, length);
}

static String randomID() {
  return randomID(randomID_defaultLength);
}

static String randomID(Random r) {
  return randomID(r, randomID_defaultLength);
}

static String indentx(String s) {
  return indentx(indent_default, s);
}

static String indentx(int n, String s) {
  return dropSuffix(repeat(' ', n), indent(n, s));
}

static String indentx(String indent, String s) {
  return dropSuffix(indent, indent(indent, s));
}

static String processID_cached;

// try to get our current process ID
static String getPID() {
  if (processID_cached == null) {
    String name = ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().getName();
    processID_cached = name.replaceAll("@.*", "");
  }
  return processID_cached;
}

static String getInjectionID() {
  return (String) call(getJavaX(), "getInjectionID", getMainClass());
}

static String getProgramTitle() {
  return getProgramName();
}

static Object callOptMC(String method, Object... args) {
  return callOpt(mc(), method, args);
}

static int numberOfMethodArguments(Object o, String method) {
  Class c;
  boolean mustBeStatic = false;
  if (o instanceof Class) {
    c = (Class) o;
    mustBeStatic = true;
  } else
    c = o.getClass();
      
  Class _c = c;
  int n = -1;
  while (c != null) {
    for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods()) {
      if (!m.getName().equals(method)) continue;
      if (mustBeStatic && !methodIsStatic(m)) continue;
      int nn = l(m.getParameterTypes());
      if (n == -1) n = nn;
      else if (n != nn) throw fail("Variable number of method arguments: " + _c + "." + method);
    }
    c = c.getSuperclass();
  }
  if (n == -1) throw fail("Method not found: " + _c + "." + method);
  return n;
}

static boolean hasLetters(String s) {
  for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
    if (Character.isLetter(s.charAt(i)))
      return true;
  return false;
}

static boolean containsLowerCase(String s) {
  for (int i = 0; i < l(s); i++)
    if (isLowerCase(s.charAt(i)))
      return true;
  return false;
}

static <A> List<A> dropFirstThreeAndLastThree(List<A> l) {
  return dropFirstAndLast(3, l);
}

static List<String> tok_combineCurlyBrackets_keep(List<String> tok) {
  List<String> l = new ArrayList();
  for (int i = 0; i < l(tok); i++) {
    String t = tok.get(i);
    if (odd(i) && eq(t, "{")) {
      int j = findEndOfCurlyBracketPart(tok, i);
      l.add(joinSubList(tok, i, j));
      i = j-1;
    } else
      l.add(t);
  }
  return l;
}

static boolean startsWithAndEndsWith(String s, String prefix, String suffix) {
  return startsWith(s, prefix) && endsWith(s, suffix);
}

static Rectangle toRectangle(Rect r) {
  return r == null ? null : r.getRectangle();
}



static Rect toRect(Rectangle r) {
  return r == null ? null : new Rect(r);
}

static Rect toRect(RectangularShape r) {
  return r == null ? null : toRect(r.getBounds());
}



static Rect toRect(Rect r) { return r; }

static boolean rectContains(int x1, int y1, int w, int h, Pt p) {
  return p.x >= x1 && p.y >= y1 && p.x < x1+w && p.y < y1+h;
}

static boolean rectContains(Rect a, Rect b) {
  return b.x >= a.x && b.y >= a.y && b.x2() <= a.x2() && b.y2() <= a.y2();
}

static boolean rectContains(Rect a, int x, int y) {
  return a != null && a.contains(x, y);
}

static String programTitle() {
  return getProgramName();
}

static JFrame setFrameIconLater(Component c, final String imageID) {
  final JFrame frame = getFrame(c);
  if (frame != null)
    startThread("Loading Icon", new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {    
      final Image i = imageIcon(or2(imageID, "#1005557")).getImage();
      swingLater(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
        frame.setIconImage(i);
      
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "frame.setIconImage(i);"; }});
    
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "final Image i = imageIcon(or2(imageID, \"#1005557\")).getImage();\r\n      swingL..."; }});
  return frame;
}

static void _initFrame(JFrame f) {
  myFrames_list.put(f, Boolean.TRUE);
  standardTitlePopupMenu(f);
}

static Rectangle defaultNewFrameBounds_r = new Rectangle(300, 100, 500, 400);

static Rectangle defaultNewFrameBounds() {
  return swing(new F0<Rectangle>() { public Rectangle get() { try { 
    defaultNewFrameBounds_r.translate(60, 20);
    if (!screenRectangle().contains(defaultNewFrameBounds_r))
      defaultNewFrameBounds_r.setLocation(30+random(30), 20+random(20));
    return new Rectangle(defaultNewFrameBounds_r);
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "defaultNewFrameBounds_r.translate(60, 20);\r\n    if (!screenRectangle().contai..."; }});
}

static void hideConsole() {
  final JFrame frame = consoleFrame();
  if (frame != null) {
    autoVMExit();
    swingLater(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
      frame.setVisible(false);
    
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "frame.setVisible(false);"; }});
  }
}

static <A> void scanForComponents(final Component c, final Class<A> theClass, final List<A> l) {
  if (theClass.isInstance(c))
    l.add((A) c);
  if (c instanceof Container) { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
    for (Component comp : ((Container) c).getComponents())
      scanForComponents(comp, theClass, l);
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "for (Component comp : ((Container) c).getComponents())\r\n      scanForComponen..."; }}); }
}

static File replaceExtension(File f, String extOld, String extNew) {
  return newFile(replaceExtension(f2s(f), extOld, extNew));
}

static File replaceExtension(File f, String extNew) {
  return replaceExtension(f, fileExtension(f), extNew);
}

static String replaceExtension(String s, String extOld, String extNew) {
  s = dropSuffixIC(addPrefixOptIfNempty(".", extOld), s);
  return s + addPrefixOptIfNempty(".", extNew);
}

static String replaceExtension(String name, String extNew) {
  return replaceExtension(name, fileExtension(name), extNew);
}

static File dirOfFile(File f) {
  return f == null ? null : f.getParentFile();
}

static int[] subIntArray(int[] b, int start) {
  return subIntArray(b, start, l(b));
}
  
static int[] subIntArray(int[] b, int start, int end) {
  start = max(start, 0); end = min(end, l(b));
  if (start == 0 && end == l(b)) return b;
  if (start >= end) return new int[0];
  int[] x = new int[end-start];
  System.arraycopy(b, start, x, 0, end-start);
  return x;
}





static List<String> dropPunctuation_keep = ll("*", "<", ">");

static List<String> dropPunctuation(List<String> tok) {
  tok = new ArrayList<String>(tok);
  for (int i = 1; i < tok.size(); i += 2) {
    String t = tok.get(i);
    if (t.length() == 1 && !Character.isLetter(t.charAt(0)) && !Character.isDigit(t.charAt(0)) && !dropPunctuation_keep.contains(t)) {
      tok.set(i-1, tok.get(i-1) + tok.get(i+1));
      tok.remove(i);
      tok.remove(i);
      i -= 2;
    }
  }
  return tok;
}

static String dropPunctuation(String s) {
  return join(dropPunctuation(nlTok(s)));
}

static List<Object> getMultiPorts() {
  return (List) callOpt(getJavaX(), "getMultiPorts");
}

// start multi-port if none exists in current VM.
static void startMultiPort() {
  List mp = getMultiPorts();
  if (mp != null && mp.isEmpty()) {
    nohupJavax("#1001639");
    throw fail("Upgrading JavaX, please restart this program afterwards.");
    //callMain(hotwire("#1001672"));
  }
}

static <A> Set<A> synchroTreeSet() {
  return Collections.synchronizedSet(new TreeSet<A>());
}

static <A> Set<A> synchroTreeSet(TreeSet<A> set) {
  return Collections.synchronizedSet(set);
}

static boolean forbiddenPort(int port) {
  return port == 5037; // adb
}


static int indent_default = 2;

static String indent(int indent) {
  return repeat(' ', indent);
}

static String indent(int indent, String s) {
  return indent(repeat(' ', indent), s);
}

static String indent(String indent, String s) {
  return indent + s.replace("\n", "\n" + indent);
}

static String indent(String s) {
  return indent(indent_default, s);
}

static List<String> indent(String indent, List<String> lines) {
  List<String> l = new ArrayList();
  if (lines != null) for (String s : lines)
    l.add(indent + s);
  return l;
}

static String getProgramName_cache;

static String getProgramName() {
  Lock __0 = downloadLock(); lock(__0); try {
  if (getProgramName_cache == null)
    getProgramName_cache = getSnippetTitleOpt(programID());
  return getProgramName_cache;
} finally { unlock(__0); } }

static void _onLoad_getProgramName() {
  { startThread(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  getProgramName(); 
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "getProgramName();"; }}); }
}

static boolean isLowerCase(char c) {
  return Character.isLowerCase(c);
}

static <A> List<A> dropFirstAndLast(int n, List<A> l) {
  return cloneSubList(l, n, l(l)-n);
}

static <A> List<A> dropFirstAndLast(int m, int n, List<A> l) {
  return cloneSubList(l, m, l(l)-n);
}

static <A> List<A> dropFirstAndLast(List<A> l) {
  return dropFirstAndLast(1, l);
}

static String dropFirstAndLast(String s) {
  return substring(s, 1, l(s)-1);
}

// i must point at the (possibly imaginary) opening bracket
// index returned is index of closing bracket + 1
static int findEndOfCurlyBracketPart(List<String> cnc, int i) {
  int j = i+2, level = 1;
  while (j < cnc.size()) {
    if (eq(cnc.get(j), "{")) ++level;
    else if (eq(cnc.get(j), "}")) --level;
    if (level == 0)
      return j+1;
    ++j;
  }
  return cnc.size();
}


static void standardTitlePopupMenu(final JFrame frame) {
  // standard right-click behavior on titles
  if (!isSubstanceLAF()) return;
  titlePopupMenu(frame, new VF1<JPopupMenu>() { public void get(JPopupMenu menu) { try { 
    boolean alwaysOnTop = frame.isAlwaysOnTop();
    
      menu.add(jmenuItem("Restart Program", "restart"));
      menu.add(jmenuItem("Duplicate Program", "duplicateThisProgram"));
    
    menu.add(jmenuItem("Show Console", "showConsole"));
    menu.add(jCheckBoxMenuItem("Always On Top", alwaysOnTop, new Runnable() {  public void run() { try {  toggleAlwaysOnTop(frame) ;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "toggleAlwaysOnTop(frame)"; }}));
    /*ifndef standardTitlePopupMenu_noShootWindow
      { menu.add(jMenuItem("Shoot Window", r { shootWindowGUI_external(frame, 500) })); }
    endifndef*/
    //addMenuItem(menu, "Bigger fonts", f swingBiggerFonts);
    //addMenuItem(menu, "Smaller fonts", f swingSmallerFonts);
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "bool alwaysOnTop = frame.isAlwaysOnTop();\r\n    ifndef standardTitlePopupMenu_..."; }});
}

static Rectangle screenRectangle() {
  return new Rectangle(Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize());
}

static Rectangle screenRectangle(GraphicsDevice device) {
  if (device == null) return null;
  DisplayMode mode = device.getDisplayMode();
  return new Rectangle(0, 0, mode.getWidth(), mode.getHeight());
}


static Random random_random = new Random();

static int random(int n) {
  return random(random_random, n);
}

static int random(int n, Random r) { return random(r, n); }

static int random(Random r, int n) {
  return n <= 0 ? 0 : r.nextInt(n);
}

static double random(double max) {
  return random()*max;
}

static double random() {
  return random_random.nextInt(100001)/100000.0;
}

static double random(double min, double max) {
  return min+random()*(max-min);
}

// min <= value < max
static int random(int min, int max) {
  return min+random(max-min);
}

static int random(int min, int max, Random r) {
  return random(r, min, max);
}

static int random(Random r, int min, int max) {
  return min+random(r, max-min);
}

static <A> A random(List<A> l) {
  return oneOf(l);
}

static <A> A random(Collection<A> c) {
  if (c instanceof List) return random((List<A>) c);
  int i = random(l(c));
  return collectionGet(c, i);
}



static JFrame consoleFrame() {
  return (JFrame) getOpt(get(getJavaX(), "console"), "frame");
}

static void autoVMExit() {
  call(getJavaX(), "autoVMExit");
}

static String fileExtension(File f) {
  if (f == null) return null;
  return fileExtension(f.getName());
}

static String fileExtension(String s) {
  return substring(s, smartLastIndexOf(s, '.'));
}

static String dropSuffixIC(String suffix, String s) {
  return s == null ? null : ewic(s, suffix) ? s.substring(0, l(s)-l(suffix)) : s;
}

static String addPrefixOptIfNempty(String prefix, String s) {
  return addPrefixIfNotEmpty2(prefix, s);
}



static void duplicateThisProgram() {
  nohupJavax(trim(programID() + " " + smartJoin((String[]) get(getJavaX(), "fullArgs"))));
}

static void showConsole() {
  callOpt(get(javax(), "console"), "showConsole");
}

static List<String> nlTok(String s) {
  return javaTokPlusPeriod(s);
}

static Lock downloadLock_lock = fairLock();

static Lock downloadLock() {
  return downloadLock_lock;
}

static String getSnippetTitleOpt(String s) {
  return isSnippetID(s) ? getSnippetTitle(s) : s;
}

static boolean isSubstanceLAF() {
  return substanceLookAndFeelEnabled();
}

// menuMaker = voidfunc(JPopupMenu)
// return true if menu could be added
static boolean titlePopupMenu(final Component c, final Object menuMaker) {
  JComponent titleBar = getTitlePaneComponent(getPossiblyInternalFrame(c));
  if (titleBar == null)
    { print("Can't add title right click!"); return false; }
  else
    { componentPopupMenu(titleBar, menuMaker); return true; }
}

static void toggleAlwaysOnTop(JFrame frame) {
  frame.setAlwaysOnTop(!frame.isAlwaysOnTop());
}

static <A> A oneOf(List<A> l) {
  return empty(l) ? null : l.get(new Random().nextInt(l.size()));
}

static char oneOf(String s) {
  return empty(s) ? '?' : s.charAt(random(l(s)));
}

static String oneOf(String... l) {
  return oneOf(asList(l));
}

static <A> A collectionGet(Collection<A> c, int idx) {
  if (c == null || idx < 0 || idx >= l(c)) return null;
  if (c instanceof List) return listGet((List<A>) c, idx);
  Iterator<A> it = c.iterator();
  for (int i = 0; i < idx; i++) if (it.hasNext()) it.next(); else return null;
  return it.hasNext() ? it.next() : null;
}

static String addPrefixIfNotEmpty2(String prefix, String s) {
  return empty(s) ? "" : addPrefix(prefix, s);
}



// Try to get the quoting right...

static String smartJoin(String[] args) {
  if (empty(args)) return "";
  if (args.length == 1) return args[0];
  
  String[] a = new String[args.length];
  for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
    a[i] = !isJavaIdentifier(args[i]) && !isQuoted(args[i]) ? quote(args[i]) : args[i];
  return join(" ", a);
}

static String smartJoin(List<String> args) {
  return smartJoin(toStringArray(args));
}

static boolean substanceLookAndFeelEnabled() {
  return startsWith(getLookAndFeel(), "org.pushingpixels.");
}

static JComponent getTitlePaneComponent(RootPaneContainer window) {
  if (window instanceof JInternalFrame)
	  return getInternalFrameTitlePaneComponent((JInternalFrame) window);
	  
  if (!substanceLookAndFeelEnabled() || window == null) return null;
	JRootPane rootPane = window.getRootPane();
	if (rootPane != null) {
		Object /*SubstanceRootPaneUI*/ ui = rootPane.getUI();
		return (JComponent) call(ui, "getTitlePane");
	}
	return null;
}

static RootPaneContainer getPossiblyInternalFrame(Component c) {
  JInternalFrame f = getInternalFrame(c);
  if (f != null) return f;
  return optCast(RootPaneContainer.class, getWindow(c));
}

static <A> A listGet(List<A> l, int idx) {
  return l != null && idx >= 0 && idx < l(l) ? l.get(idx) : null;
}

static String addPrefix(String prefix, String s) {
  return s.startsWith(prefix) ? s : prefix + s;
}



static String getLookAndFeel() {
  return getClassName(UIManager.getLookAndFeel());
}

static <A> A optCast(Class<A> c, Object o) {
  return isInstance(c, o) ? (A) o : null;
}



final static class Rect {
  int x, y, w, h;
  
  Rect() {}
  Rect(Rectangle r) {
    x = r.x;
    y = r.y;
    w = r.width;
    h = r.height;
  }
  Rect(int x, int y, int w, int h) {
  this.h = h;
  this.w = w;
  this.y = y;
  this.x = x;}
  Rect(Pt p, int w, int h) {
  this.h = h;
  this.w = w; x = p.x; y = p.y; }
  Rect(Rect r) { x = r.x; y = r.y; w = r.w; h = r.h; }
  
  Rectangle getRectangle() {
    return new Rectangle(x, y, w, h);
  }
  
  public boolean equals(Object o) { return stdEq2(this, o); }
public int hashCode() { return stdHash2(this); }
  
  public String toString() {
    return x + "," + y + " / " + w + "," + h;
  }
  
  int x1() { return x; }
  int y1() { return y; }
  int x2() { return x + w; }
  int y2() { return y + h; }
  
  boolean contains(Pt p) {
    return contains(p.x, p.y);
  }
  
  boolean contains(int _x, int _y) {
    return _x >= x && _y >= y && _x < x+w && _y < y+h;
  }
  
  boolean empty() { return w <= 0 || h <= 0; }
}static abstract class VF2<A, B> {
  abstract void get(A a, B b);
}static class JSection extends SingleComponentPanel {
  JSection(Component c) { super(c); }
  
  String getTitle() {
    Border border = getBorder();
    if (border instanceof TitledBorder)
      return ((TitledBorder) border).getTitle();
    return null;
  }
}
static class Pt implements Comparable<Pt> {
  int x, y;
  
  Pt() {}
  Pt(Point p) {
    x = p.x;
    y = p.y;
  }
  Pt(int x, int y) {
  this.y = y;
  this.x = x;}
  
  Point getPoint() {
    return new Point(x, y);
  }
  
  public boolean equals(Object o) {
    return o instanceof Pt && x == ((Pt) o).x && y == ((Pt) o).y;
  }
  
  public int hashCode() {
    return boostHashCombine(x, y);
  }
  
  // compare in scan order
  public int compareTo(Pt p) {
    if (y != p.y) return cmp(y, p.y);
    return cmp(x, p.x);
  }
  
  public String toString() {
    return x + ", " + y;
  }
}static class ProgramScan {
  static int threads = isWindows() ? 500 : 10;
  static int timeout = 5000; // hmm...
  static String ip = "127.0.0.1";
  
  // This range is not used anymore anyway
  static int quickScanFrom = 10000, quickScanTo = 10999;

  static int maxNumberOfVMs_android = 4; // Android will always only have one if we don't screw up
  static int maxNumberOfVMs_nonAndroid = 50; // 100;
  static int maxNumberOfVMs;
  
  static boolean verbose = false;
  
  static class Program {
    int port;
    String helloString;
    
    Program(int port, String helloString) {
  this.helloString = helloString;
  this.port = port;}
  }
  
  static List<Program> scan() { try {
    return scan(1, 65535);
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  static List<Program> scan(int fromPort, int toPort) {
    return scan(fromPort, toPort, new int[0]);
  }
  
  static List<Program> scan(int fromPort, int toPort, int[] preferredPorts) { try {
    Set<Integer> preferredPortsSet = new HashSet<Integer>(asList(preferredPorts));
    int scanSize = toPort-fromPort+1;
    String name = toPort < 10000 ? "bot" : "program";
    int threads = isWindows() ? min(500, scanSize) : min(scanSize, 10);
    final ExecutorService es = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threads);
    if (verbose) print(firstToUpper(name) + "-scanning " + ip + " with timeout " + timeout + " ms in " + threads + " threads.");
    startTiming();
    List<Future<Program>> futures = new ArrayList();
    List<Integer> ports = new ArrayList();
    for (int port : preferredPorts) {
      futures.add(checkPort(es, ip, port, timeout));
      ports.add(port);
    }
    for (int port = fromPort; port <= toPort; port++)
      if (!preferredPortsSet.contains(port) && !forbiddenPort(port)) {
        futures.add(checkPort(es, ip, port, timeout));
        ports.add(port);
      }
    es.shutdown();
    List<Program> programs = new ArrayList();
    long time = now();
    int i = 0;
    for (final Future<Program> f : futures) {
      if (verbose) print("Waiting for port " + get(ports, i++) + " at time " + (now()-time));
      Program p = f.get();
      if (p != null)
        programs.add(p);
    }
    //stopTiming("Port Scan " + scanSize + ", " + n(threads, "threads") + ": ", 250);
    if (verbose) print("Found " + programs.size() + " " + name + "(s) on " + ip);
    return programs;
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

  static Future<Program> checkPort(final ExecutorService es, final String ip, final int port, final int timeout) {
    return es.submit(new Callable<Program>() {
        @Override public Program call() {
          try {
            Socket socket = new Socket();
            try {
              socket.setSoTimeout(timeout);
              socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(ip, port), timeout);
              //if (verbose) print("Connected to " + ip + ":" + port);
              BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
                new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
              String hello = or(in.readLine(), "?");
              return new Program(port, hello);
            } finally {
              socket.close();
            }
          } catch (Exception ex) {
            return null;
          }
        }
     });
  }
  
  static List<Program> quickScan() {
    return scan(quickScanFrom, quickScanTo);
  }
  
  static List<Program> quickBotScan() {
    return quickBotScan(new int[0]);
  }
  
  static List<Program> quickBotScan(int[] preferredPorts) {
    if (maxNumberOfVMs == 0)
      maxNumberOfVMs = isAndroid() ? maxNumberOfVMs_android : maxNumberOfVMs_nonAndroid;
    return scan(4999, 5000+maxNumberOfVMs-1, preferredPorts);
  }
}static class DefunctClassLoader {}static abstract class LiveValue<A> {
  abstract Class<A> getType();
  abstract A get();
  abstract void onChange(Runnable l);
  abstract void removeOnChangeListener(Runnable l);
  
  void onChangeAndNow(Runnable l) {
    onChange(l);
    callF(l);
  }
}static abstract class F2<A, B, C> {
  abstract C get(A a, B b);
}/** this class is fully thread-safe */
static class Flag implements Runnable {
  private boolean up = false;

  /** returns true if flag was down before (i.e. flag was actually raised right now) */
  public synchronized boolean raise() {
    if (!up) {
      up = true;
      notifyAll();
      return true;
    } else
      return false;
  }

  public synchronized void waitUntilUp() {
    while (!up) {
      try {
        wait();
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }
  }

  public synchronized void waitUntilUp(long timeout) {
    if (!up) {
      try {
        wait(timeout);
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }
  }

  public synchronized boolean isUp() {
    return up;
  }
  
  boolean get() { return isUp(); }

  public String toString() {
    return isUp() ? "up" : "down";
  }

  // currently does a semi-active wait with latency = 50 ms
  public void waitForThisOr(Flag otherFlag) { try {
    while (!isUp() && !otherFlag.isUp())
      Thread.sleep(50);
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  public void run() { raise(); }
}static class BetterLabel extends JLabel {
  boolean autoToolTip = true;
  
  BetterLabel() {
    // Listeners given out to componentPopupMenu must not directly
    // reference the outer object (-> weak map problem).
    final WeakReference < BetterLabel > me = new WeakReference<>(this);
    componentPopupMenu(this, BetterLabel_menuItems(me));
  }
  
  BetterLabel(String text) {
    this();
    this.setText(text);
  }
  
  public void setText(String text) {
    super.setText(text);
    if (autoToolTip)
      if (!swic(text, "<html>")) // HTML labels make super-huge, confusing tool tips
        setToolTipText(nullIfEmpty(text));
  }
}

// moved outside of class for GC reasons (see above)
static VF1<JPopupMenu> BetterLabel_menuItems(final WeakReference<BetterLabel> me) {
  return new VF1<JPopupMenu>() { public void get(JPopupMenu menu) { try { 
    addMenuItem(menu, "Copy text to clipboard", new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
      copyTextToClipboard(me.get().getText());
    
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "copyTextToClipboard(me.get().getText());"; }});
   } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "addMenuItem(menu, \"Copy text to clipboard\", r {\r\n      copyTextToClipboard(me..."; }};
}static class Str extends Concept {
  String name;
  List<String> otherNames = new ArrayList();
  
  Str() {}
  Str(String name) {
  this.name = name;}
  
  public String toString() { return name; }
}static class CountingOutputStream extends FilterOutputStream {
  long counter;
  
  CountingOutputStream(OutputStream out) { super(out); }
  
  @Override
  public void write(int b) throws IOException {
    ++counter;
    out.write(b);
  }

  @Override
  public void write(byte[] b) throws IOException {
    counter += b.length;
    out.write(b, 0, b.length);
  }

  @Override
  public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
    if (len == 0) return;
    counter += len;
    out.write(b, off, len);
  }
  
  long getFilePointer() { return counter; }
}static abstract class CloseableIterableIterator<A> extends IterableIterator<A> implements AutoCloseable {
  public void close() throws Exception {}
}static class Lowest<A> {
  A best;
  double score;
  transient Object onChange;
  
  synchronized boolean isNewBest(double score) {
    return best == null || score < this.score;
  }
  
  synchronized double bestScore() {
    return best == null ? Double.NaN : score;
  }
  
  double score() { return bestScore(); }
  
  synchronized float floatScore() {
    return best == null ? Float.NaN : (float) score;
  }
  
  synchronized float floatScoreOr(float defaultValue) {
    return best == null ? defaultValue : (float) score;
  }
  
  boolean put(A a, double score) {
    boolean change = false;
    synchronized(this) {
      if (a != null && isNewBest(score)) {
        best = a;
        this.score = score;
        change = true;
      }
    }
    if (change)
      pcallF(onChange);
    return change;
  }
  
  synchronized void clear() { best = null; score = 0; }
  
  synchronized A get() { return best; }
  synchronized boolean has() { return best != null; }
  synchronized Pair<A, Double> pair() { return best == null ? null : new Pair(best, bestScore()); }
  
  public String toString() {
    return "Score " + formatDouble_significant2(score, 4) + ": " + best;
  }
}static interface IVF2<A, B> {
  void get(A a, B b);
}static class FixedRateTimer extends java.util.Timer {
  FixedRateTimer() { this(false); }
  FixedRateTimer(boolean daemon) { this(defaultTimerName(), daemon); }
  FixedRateTimer(String name) { this(name, false); }
  FixedRateTimer(String name, boolean daemon) {
    super(name, daemon);
    _registerTimer(this);
  }
  
  List<Entry> entries = synchroList();
  
  static class Entry implements IFieldsToList{
  TimerTask task;
  long firstTime;
  long period;
  Entry() {}
  Entry(TimerTask task, long firstTime, long period) {
  this.period = period;
  this.firstTime = firstTime;
  this.task = task;}
  public String toString() { return shortClassName(this) + "(" + task + ", " + firstTime + ", " + period + ")"; }public Object[] _fieldsToList() { return new Object[] {task, firstTime, period}; }
}
  
  // Note: not all methods overridden; only use these ones
  
  public void scheduleAtFixedRate(TimerTask task, long delay, long period) {
    entries.add(new Entry(task, now()+delay, period));
    super.scheduleAtFixedRate(task, delay, period);
  }
  
  public void cancel() {
    entries.clear();
    super.cancel();
  }
  
  public int purge() {
    entries.clear();
    return super.purge();
  }
  
  FixedRateTimer changeRate(int newPeriod) {
    Object r = ((SmartTimerTask) first(entries).task).r;
    cancel();
    return doEvery(newPeriod, r);
  }
}

static class SingleComponentPanel extends JPanel {
  SingleComponentPanel() { super(new BorderLayout()); }

  SingleComponentPanel(Component component) {
    this();
    if (component != null) setComponent(component);
  }

  void setComponent(final Component component) {
    { swing(new Runnable() {  public void run() { try { 
      removeAll();
      if (component != null)
        add(BorderLayout.CENTER, wrap(component));
      _revalidate(SingleComponentPanel.this);
    
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "removeAll();\r\n      if (component != null)\r\n        add(BorderLayout.CENTER, ..."; }}); }
  }
  
  // Sometimes we need this?
  void setComponentAndRevalidateParent(Component component) {
    setComponent(component);
    _revalidate(_getParent(this));
  }
  
  void noComponent() { setComponent(null); }
  
  Component getComponent() {
    return getComponentCount() == 0 ? null : getComponent(0);
  }
}



static Border getBorder(final JComponent c) {
  return c == null ? null : swing(new F0<Border>() { public Border get() { try {  return c.getBorder();  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret c.getBorder();"; }});
}

public static boolean isWindows() {
  return System.getProperty("os.name").contains("Windows");
}

static long stopTiming_defaultMin = 10;

static long startTiming_startTime;
static void startTiming() {
  startTiming_startTime = now();
}

static void stopTiming() {
  stopTiming(null);
}

static void stopTiming(String text) {
  stopTiming(text, stopTiming_defaultMin);
}

static void stopTiming(String text, long minToPrint) {
  long time = now()-startTiming_startTime;
  if (time >= minToPrint) {
    text = or2(text, "Time: ");
    print(text + time + " ms");
  }
}

static float score(Scored s) {
  return s == null ? 0 : s.score();
}

static String formatDouble_significant2(double d, int digits) {
  try {
    digits -= max(0, Math.floor(Math.log10(abs(d))+1));
    return formatDouble(d, digits);
  } catch (Throwable _e) {
    print("Had number: " + d + ", digits: " + digits);
  
throw rethrow(_e); }
}

static String defaultTimerName_name;

static String defaultTimerName() {
  if (defaultTimerName_name == null)
    defaultTimerName_name = "A timer by " + programID();
  return defaultTimerName_name;
}

static void setComponent(SingleComponentPanel scp, Component c) {
  setSCPComponent(scp, c);
}

static void setComponent(SingleComponentPanel scp, IF0<Component> c) {
  if (scp != null)
    setComponent(scp, callF(c));
}

static <A> void removeAll(Collection<A> a, Collection<A> b) {
  if (a != null && b != null) a.removeAll(b);
}

static <A, B> void removeAll(Map<A, B> a, Collection<A> b) {
  if (a != null && b != null)
    for (A x : b)
      a.remove(x);
}

static <A, B extends A> boolean removeAll(Collection<A> c, B... b) {
  return c != null && b != null && c.removeAll(Arrays.asList(b));
}

static <A, B> void removeAll(Map<A, B> a, A... b) {
  if (a != null && b != null)
    for (A x : b)
      a.remove(x);
}

static Container _getParent(Component c) {
  return getParent(c);
}



static void setSCPComponent(SingleComponentPanel scp, Component c) {
  if (scp != null) scp.setComponent(c);
}

static Container getParent(final Component c) {
  return c == null ? null : swing(new F0<Container>() { public Container get() { try {  return c.getParent();  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "ret c.getParent();"; }});
}



static class Scored<A> extends Var<A> {
  float score;
  
  Scored() {}
  Scored(A a, float score) { super(a); this.score = score; }
  Scored(A a, double score) { super(a); this.score = (float) score; }
  
  float score() { return score; }
  
  public String toString() {
    return toIntPercent(score) + "%: " + str(get());
  }
}

static int toIntPercent(double ratio) {
  return roundToInt(ratio*100);
}

// when used with map function
static int toIntPercent(float ratio) {
  return toIntPercent((double) ratio);
}



static int roundToInt(double d) {
  return (int) Math.round(d);
}


}