import java.util.*;
import java.util.zip.*;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.event.*;
import javax.swing.text.*;
import javax.swing.table.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.lang.ref.*;
import java.lang.management.*;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.spec.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
import javax.imageio.*;
import java.math.*;


class main {
public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {
  assertTrue("Need things DB", thingsOnScreenDefinitions().containsValue("IMDB forward"));
  while (licensed()) {
    sleepSeconds(random(10.0)+5);
    clickOnThingIfVisible("IMDB forward");
  }
}
static Random random_random = new Random();

static int random(int n) {
  return n <= 0 ? 0 : random_random.nextInt(n);
}

static double random(double max) {
  return random()*max;
}

static double random() {
  return random_random.nextInt(100001)/100000.0;
}

static double random(double min, double max) {
  return min+random()*(max-min);
}

// min <= value < max
static int random(int min, int max) {
  return min+random(max-min);
}

static <A> A random(List<A> l) {
  return oneOf(l);
}

static <A> A random(Collection<A> c) {
  if (c instanceof List) return random((List<A>) c);
  int i = random(l(c));
  return collectionGet(c, i);
}
static boolean thingsOnScreenDefinitions_alwaysReload;
static Map<String, String> thingsOnScreenDefinitions;
static Lock thingsOnScreenDefinitions_lock = lock();

static Map<String, String> thingsOnScreenDefinitions() {
  Lock _lock_5 = thingsOnScreenDefinitions_lock; lock(_lock_5); try {
  if (thingsOnScreenDefinitions == null || thingsOnScreenDefinitions_alwaysReload)
    thingsOnScreenDefinitions = persistentHashMapFromProgram("#1010705", "Comments");
  return thingsOnScreenDefinitions;
} finally { _lock_5.unlock(); } }

static volatile boolean licensed_yes = true;

static boolean licensed() {
  ping();
  return licensed_yes;
}

static void licensed_off() {
  licensed_yes = false;
}
static void sleepSeconds(double s) {
  if (s > 0) sleep(round(s*1000));
}
static RuntimeException asRuntimeException(Throwable t) {
  return t instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) t : new RuntimeException(t);
}
static void assertTrue(Object o) {
  assertEquals(true, o);
}
  
static boolean assertTrue(String msg, boolean b) {
  if (!b)
    throw fail(msg);
  return b;
}

static boolean assertTrue(boolean b) {
  if (!b)
    throw fail("oops");
  return b;
}
static void clickOnThingIfVisible(String thing) {
  List<Rect> rects = thingsOnScreenMap().get(thing);
  if (nempty(rects))
    click(random(rects));
}
static Map<Thread, Boolean> _registerThread_threads = Collections.synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap());

static Thread _registerThread(Thread t) {
  _registerThread_threads.put(t, true);
  return t;
}

static void _registerThread() { _registerThread(Thread.currentThread()); }


static volatile boolean ping_pauseAll;
static int ping_sleep = 100; // poll pauseAll flag every 100
static volatile boolean ping_anyActions;
static Map<Thread, Object> ping_actions = (Map) synchroMap(newWeakHashMap());

// always returns true
static boolean ping() {
  if (ping_pauseAll || ping_anyActions) ping_impl();
  return true;
}

// returns true when it slept
static boolean ping_impl() { try {
  if (ping_pauseAll && !isAWTThread()) {
    do
      Thread.sleep(ping_sleep);
    while (ping_pauseAll);
    return true;
  }
  
  if (ping_anyActions) {
    Object action;
    synchronized(ping_actions) {
      action = ping_actions.get(currentThread());
      if (action instanceof Runnable)
        ping_actions.remove(currentThread());
      if (ping_actions.isEmpty()) ping_anyActions = false;
    }
    
    if (action instanceof Runnable)
      ((Runnable) action).run();
    else if (eq(action, "cancelled"))
      throw fail("Thread cancelled.");
  }
  
  return false;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
static boolean nempty(Collection c) {
  return !isEmpty(c);
}

static boolean nempty(CharSequence s) {
  return !isEmpty(s);
}

static boolean nempty(Object[] o) {
  return !isEmpty(o);
}

static boolean nempty(Map m) {
  return !isEmpty(m);
}

static boolean nempty(Iterator i) {
  return i != null && i.hasNext();
}
static <A> A assertEquals(Object x, A y) {
  return assertEquals(null, x, y);
}

static <A> A assertEquals(String msg, Object x, A y) {
  if (!(x == null ? y == null : x.equals(y)))
    throw fail((msg != null ? msg + ": " : "") + y + " != " + x);
  return y;
}
static int l(Object[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(boolean[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(byte[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(int[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(float[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(char[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(Collection c) { return c == null ? 0 : c.size(); }
static int l(Map m) { return m == null ? 0 : m.size(); }
static int l(CharSequence s) { return s == null ? 0 : s.length(); } static long l(File f) { return f == null ? 0 : f.length(); }

static int l(Object o) {
  return o instanceof String ? l((String) o)
    : o instanceof Map ? l((Map) o)
    : l((Collection) o); // incomplete
}




static void click(Rect r) {
  mouseClickAfterMove(r);
}
static volatile boolean sleep_noSleep;

static void sleep(long ms) {
  ping();
  if (ms < 0) return;
  // allow spin locks
  if (isAWTThread() && ms > 100) throw fail("Should not sleep on AWT thread");
  try {
    Thread.sleep(ms);
  } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
}

static void sleep() { try {
  if (sleep_noSleep) throw fail("nosleep");
  print("Sleeping.");
  sleepQuietly();
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
static RuntimeException fail() { throw new RuntimeException("fail"); }
static RuntimeException fail(Throwable e) { throw asRuntimeException(e); }
static RuntimeException fail(Object msg) { throw new RuntimeException(String.valueOf(msg)); }
static RuntimeException fail(String msg) { throw new RuntimeException(msg == null ? "" : msg); }
static RuntimeException fail(String msg, Throwable innerException) { throw new RuntimeException(msg, innerException); }

static <A> A oneOf(List<A> l) {
  return l.isEmpty() ? null : l.get(new Random().nextInt(l.size()));
}

static char oneOf(String s) {
  return empty(s) ? '?' : s.charAt(random(l(s)));
}

static String oneOf(String... l) {
  return oneOf(asList(l));
}
static <A> A collectionGet(Collection<A> c, int idx) {
  if (c == null || idx < 0 || idx >= l(c)) return null;
  if (c instanceof List) return get((List<A>) c, idx);
  Iterator<A> it = c.iterator();
  for (int i = 0; i < idx; i++) if (it.hasNext()) it.next(); else return null;
  return it.hasNext() ? it.next() : null;
}
static long round(double d) {
  return Math.round(d);
}
static <A> Map<A, A> persistentHashMapFromProgram(String progID, String name) {
  PersistentLister l = persistentListerReadOnly(progID);
  return l.getHashMap(name);
}
static void lock(Lock lock) { try {
  lock.lockInterruptibly();
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static void lock(Lock lock, String msg) {
  print("Locking: " + msg);
  lock(lock);
}

static void lock(Lock lock, String msg, long timeout) {
  print("Locking: " + msg);
  lockOrFail(lock, timeout);
}

static ReentrantLock lock() {
  return fairLock();
}
static MultiMap<String, Rect> thingsOnScreenMap() {
  return thingsOnScreenMap(shootScreenBW());
}
  
static MultiMap<String, Rect> thingsOnScreenMap(BWImage bwScreenShot) {
  Map<String, String> comments = thingsOnScreenDefinitions();
  TreeSet<String> elements = new TreeSet();
  List<Rect> segments = autoSegment(bwScreenShot);
  MultiMap<String,Rect> map = new MultiMap();
  for (Rect r : segments) {
    RGBImage clip = bwScreenShot.clip(r).toRGB();
    String md5 = rgbMD5(clip);
    String text = comments.get(md5);
    if (nempty(text)) map.put(text, r);
  }
  return map;
}


static Map synchroMap() {
  return synchroHashMap();
}

static <A, B> Map<A, B> synchroMap(Map<A, B> map) {
  return Collections.synchronizedMap(map);
}
static void lockOrFail(Lock lock, long timeout) { try {
  if (!lock.tryLock(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
    String s = "Couldn't acquire lock after " + timeout + " ms.";
    if (lock instanceof ReentrantLock) {
      ReentrantLock l = (ReentrantLock) ( lock);
      s += " Hold count: " + l.getHoldCount() + ", owner: " + call(l, "getOwner");
    }
    throw fail(s);
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
static PersistentLister persistentListerReadOnly(String progID) {
  PersistentLister l = uniq(new Concepts(progID).load(), PersistentLister.class);
  l.nonSaving = true;
  return l;
}
static <A, B> Map<A, B> newWeakHashMap() {
  return _registerWeakMap(synchroMap(new WeakHashMap()));
}
static <A> ArrayList<A> asList(A[] a) {
  return a == null ? new ArrayList<A>() : new ArrayList<A>(Arrays.asList(a));
}

static ArrayList<Integer> asList(int[] a) {
  ArrayList<Integer> l = new ArrayList();
  for (int i : a) l.add(i);
  return l;
}

static <A> ArrayList<A> asList(Iterable<A> s) {
  if (s instanceof ArrayList) return (ArrayList) s;
  ArrayList l = new ArrayList();
  if (s != null)
    for (A a : s)
      l.add(a);
  return l;
}

static <A> ArrayList<A> asList(Enumeration<A> e) {
  ArrayList l = new ArrayList();
  if (e != null)
    while (e.hasMoreElements())
      l.add(e.nextElement());
  return l;
}
static boolean empty(Collection c) { return c == null || c.isEmpty(); }
static boolean empty(String s) { return s == null || s.length() == 0; }
static boolean empty(Map map) { return map == null || map.isEmpty(); }
static boolean empty(Object[] o) { return o == null || o.length == 0; }
static boolean empty(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof Collection) return empty((Collection) o);
  if (o instanceof String) return empty((String) o);
  if (o instanceof Map) return empty((Map) o);
  if (o instanceof Object[]) return empty((Object[]) o);
  throw fail("unknown type for 'empty': " + getType(o));
}

static boolean empty(float[] a) { return a == null || a.length == 0; }
static boolean empty(int[] a) { return a == null || a.length == 0; }
static boolean empty(long[] a) { return a == null || a.length == 0; }
static Object sleepQuietly_monitor = new Object();

static void sleepQuietly() { try {
  assertFalse(isAWTThread());
  synchronized(sleepQuietly_monitor) { sleepQuietly_monitor.wait(); }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
// get purpose 1: access a list/array/map (safer version of x.get(y))

static <A> A get(List<A> l, int idx) {
  return l != null && idx >= 0 && idx < l(l) ? l.get(idx) : null;
}

// seems to conflict with other signatures
/*static <A, B> B get(Map<A, B> map, A key) {
  ret map != null ? map.get(key) : null;
}*/

static <A> A get(A[] l, int idx) {
  return idx >= 0 && idx < l(l) ? l[idx] : null;
}

// default to false
static boolean get(boolean[] l, int idx) {
  return idx >= 0 && idx < l(l) ? l[idx] : false;
}

// get purpose 2: access a field by reflection or a map

static Object get(Object o, String field) {
  try {
    if (o instanceof Class) return get((Class) o, field);
    
    if (o instanceof Map)
      return ((Map) o).get(field);
      
    Field f = getOpt_findField(o.getClass(), field);
    if (f != null) {
      f.setAccessible(true);
      return f.get(o);
    }
      
    
      if (o instanceof DynamicObject)
        return ((DynamicObject) o).fieldValues.get(field);
    
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw asRuntimeException(e);
  }
  throw new RuntimeException("Field '" + field + "' not found in " + o.getClass().getName());
}

static Object get_raw(Object o, String field) {
  try {
    Field f = get_findField(o.getClass(), field);
    f.setAccessible(true);
    return f.get(o);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static Object get(Class c, String field) {
  try {
    Field f = get_findStaticField(c, field);
    f.setAccessible(true);
    return f.get(null);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static Field get_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  throw new RuntimeException("Static field '" + field + "' not found in " + c.getName());
}

static Field get_findField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field))
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  throw new RuntimeException("Field '" + field + "' not found in " + c.getName());
}

// TODO: test if android complains about this
static boolean isAWTThread() {
  if (isAndroid()) return false;
  if (isHeadless()) return false;
  return isAWTThread_awt();
}

static boolean isAWTThread_awt() {
  return SwingUtilities.isEventDispatchThread();
}
static BWImage shootScreenBW() {
  return new BWImage(shootScreen2());
}

static BWImage shootScreenBW(Rect r) {
  return new BWImage(shootScreen2(r));
}

static BWImage shootScreenBW(int x, int y, int w, int h) {
  return new BWImage(shootScreen2(x, y, w, h));
}
static RuntimeException rethrow(Throwable e) {
  throw asRuntimeException(e);
}
static Thread currentThread() {
  return Thread.currentThread();
}
static void mouseClickAfterMove(Rect r) {
  if (r == null) throw fail("Nothing to click on");
  moveMouseTo(r);
  mouseClick();
}
static ReentrantLock fairLock() {
  return new ReentrantLock(true);
}
static boolean isEmpty(Collection c) {
  return c == null || c.isEmpty();
}

static boolean isEmpty(CharSequence s) {
  return s == null || s.length() == 0;
}

static boolean isEmpty(Object[] a) {
  return a == null || a.length == 0;
}

static boolean isEmpty(Map map) {
  return map == null || map.isEmpty();
}
static boolean eq(Object a, Object b) {
  return a == null ? b == null : a == b || a.equals(b);
}
static String rgbMD5(RGBImage img) {
  return md5OfRGBImage(img);
}
static volatile StringBuffer local_log = new StringBuffer(); // not redirected
static volatile StringBuffer print_log = local_log; // might be redirected, e.g. to main bot

// in bytes - will cut to half that
static volatile int print_log_max = 1024*1024;
static volatile int local_log_max = 100*1024;
//static int print_maxLineLength = 0; // 0 = unset

static boolean print_silent; // total mute if set

static Object print_byThread_lock = new Object();
static volatile ThreadLocal<F1<String, Boolean>> print_byThread; // special handling by thread

static void print() {
  print("");
}

// slightly overblown signature to return original object...
static <A> A print(A o) {
  ping();
  if (print_silent) return o;
  String s = String.valueOf(o) + "\n";
  print_noNewLine(s);
  return o;
}

static void print_noNewLine(String s) {
  if (print_byThread != null) {
    F1<String, Boolean> f = print_byThread.get();
    if (f != null)
      if (isFalse(f.get(s))) return;
  }

  print_raw(s);
}

static void print_raw(String s) {
  s = fixNewLines(s);
  // TODO if (print_maxLineLength != 0)
  StringBuffer loc = local_log;
  StringBuffer buf = print_log;
  int loc_max = print_log_max;
  if (buf != loc && buf != null) {
    print_append(buf, s, print_log_max);
    loc_max = local_log_max;
  }
  if (loc != null) 
    print_append(loc, s, loc_max);
  System.out.print(s);
}

static void print(long l) {
  print(String.valueOf(l));
}

static void print(char c) {
  print(String.valueOf(c));
}

static void print_append(StringBuffer buf, String s, int max) {
  synchronized(buf) {
    buf.append(s);
    max /= 2;
    if (buf.length() > max) try {
      int newLength = max/2;
      int ofs = buf.length()-newLength;
      String newString = buf.substring(ofs);
      buf.setLength(0);
      buf.append("[...] ").append(newString);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      buf.setLength(0);
    }
  }
}
static int autoSegment_g = 3;

// g = grid size - typical values are 3 or 4
static List<Rect> autoSegment(BWImage img, int g) {
  AutoSegmenter as = new AutoSegmenter();
  as.g = g;
  as.go(img);
  return as.clips;
}

static List<Rect> autoSegment(BWImage img) {
  return autoSegment(img, autoSegment_g);
}

static List<Rect> autoSegment(BufferedImage img) {
  return autoSegment(new BWImage(img));
}

static List<Rect> autoSegment(RGBImage img) {
  return autoSegment(new BWImage(img));
}


static Boolean isHeadless_cache;

static boolean isHeadless() {
  if (isHeadless_cache != null) return isHeadless_cache;
  if (GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless()) return isHeadless_cache = true;
  
  // Also check if AWT actually works.
  // If DISPLAY variable is set but no X server up, this will notice.
  
  try {
    SwingUtilities.isEventDispatchThread();
    return isHeadless_cache = false;
  } catch (Throwable e) { return isHeadless_cache = true; }
}
static void moveMouseTo(int newx, int newy) {
  moveMouse(newx, newy);
}

static void moveMouseTo(Pt pt) {
  moveMouse(pt.x, pt.y);
}

static void moveMouseTo(Rect r) {
  moveMouseTo(centerOfRect(r));
}
static boolean isFalse(Object o) {
  return eq(false, o);
}
static String getType(Object o) {
  return getClassName(o);
}
static <A extends Concept> A uniq(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  return uniqueConcept(c, params);
}

static <A extends Concept> A uniq(Concepts cc, Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  return uniqueConcept(cc, c, params);
}
static List _registerWeakMap_preList;

static <A> A _registerWeakMap(A map) {
  if (javax() == null) {
    // We're in class init
    if (_registerWeakMap_preList == null) _registerWeakMap_preList = synchroList();
    _registerWeakMap_preList.add(map);
    return map;
  }
  
  try {
    call(javax(), "_registerWeakMap", map);
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    printException(e);
    print("Upgrade JavaX!!");
  }
  return map;
}

static void _onLoad_registerWeakMap() {
  assertNotNull(javax());
  if (_registerWeakMap_preList == null) return;
  for (Object o : _registerWeakMap_preList)
    _registerWeakMap(o);
  _registerWeakMap_preList = null;
}
static String fixNewLines(String s) {
  return s.replace("\r\n", "\n").replace("\r", "\n");
}
static void assertFalse(Object o) {
  assertEquals(false, o);
}
  
static boolean assertFalse(boolean b) {
  if (b) throw fail("oops");
  return b;
}

static boolean assertFalse(String msg, boolean b) {
  if (b) throw fail(msg);
  return b;
}

static void mouseClick(Rect r) {
  mouseClick(centerOfRect(r));
}

static void mouseClick(Pt p) {
  mouseClick(p.x, p.y);
}

static void mouseClick(int x, int y) { try {
  final Robot robot = new Robot();
  robot.mouseMove(x, y);
  mouseClick();
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static void mouseClick() { try {
  final Robot robot = new Robot();
  final int button = InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK;
  robot.mousePress(button);
  robot.mouseRelease(button);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
static String md5OfRGBImage(RGBImage img) { try {
  MessageDigest m = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
  m.update(intToBytes(img.getWidth()));
  int[] pixels = img.getPixels();
  for (int i = 0; i < l(pixels); i++)
    m.update(intToBytes(pixels[i]));
  return bytesToHex(m.digest());
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
static boolean shootScreen_useScrot = true; // Use program "scrot" to make full-screen screenshots (on Linux); prevents the bug https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-7168628

static BufferedImage shootScreen2() {
  return shootScreen2(screenRectangle());
}

static BufferedImage shootScreen2(Rectangle area) { try {
  ping();
  if (shootScreen_useScrot && eq(area, screenRectangle())) {
    if (!isOnPATH("scrot")) shootScreen2_fallback();
    if (shootScreen_useScrot) {
      String filename = "screenshot-" + randomID(12) + ".png";
      File f = linux_fileInRamDisk(filename);
      if (f == null) f = prepareProgramFile(filename);
      try {
        String cmd = "scrot " + bashQuote(f);
        String out = backtick(cmd);
        if (f.exists())
          return loadPNG(f);
        shootScreen2_fallback();
      } catch (Throwable e) {
        print(e);
        shootScreen2_fallback();
      } finally {
        f.delete();
      }
    }
  }
  return new Robot().createScreenCapture(area);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static BufferedImage shootScreen2(Rect area) {
  return shootScreen2(area.getRectangle());
}

static BufferedImage shootScreen2(int x, int y, int w, int h) {
  return shootScreen2(new Rectangle(x, y, w, h));
}

// internal
static void shootScreen2_fallback() {
  if (shootScreen_useScrot) {
    if (isLinux()) print("Scrot failed. Reverting to internal screenshots.");
    shootScreen_useScrot = false;
  }
}
  static Object call(Object o) {
    return callFunction(o);
  }
  
  // varargs assignment fixer for a single string array argument
  static Object call(Object o, String method, String[] arg) {
    return call(o, method, new Object[] {arg});
  }
  
  static Object call(Object o, String method, Object... args) {
    try {
      if (o instanceof Class) {
        Method m = call_findStaticMethod((Class) o, method, args, false);
        m.setAccessible(true);
        return m.invoke(null, args);
      } else {
        Method m = call_findMethod(o, method, args, false);
        m.setAccessible(true);
        return m.invoke(o, args);
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) e : new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

  static Method call_findStaticMethod(Class c, String method, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    Class _c = c;
    while (c != null) {
      for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods()) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Checking method " + m.getName() + " with " + m.getParameterTypes().length + " parameters");;
        if (!m.getName().equals(method)) {
          if (debug) System.out.println("Method name mismatch: " + method);
          continue;
        }

        if ((m.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0 || !call_checkArgs(m, args, debug))
          continue;

        return m;
      }
      c = c.getSuperclass();
    }
    throw new RuntimeException("Method '" + method + "' (static) with " + args.length + " parameter(s) not found in " + _c.getName());
  }

  static Method call_findMethod(Object o, String method, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    Class c = o.getClass();
    while (c != null) {
      for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods()) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Checking method " + m.getName() + " with " + m.getParameterTypes().length + " parameters");;
        if (m.getName().equals(method) && call_checkArgs(m, args, debug))
          return m;
      }
      c = c.getSuperclass();
    }
    throw new RuntimeException("Method '" + method + "' (non-static) with " + args.length + " parameter(s) not found in " + o.getClass().getName());
  }

  private static boolean call_checkArgs(Method m, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    Class<?>[] types = m.getParameterTypes();
    if (types.length != args.length) {
      if (debug)
        System.out.println("Bad parameter length: " + args.length + " vs " + types.length);
      return false;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++)
      if (!(args[i] == null || isInstanceX(types[i], args[i]))) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Bad parameter " + i + ": " + args[i] + " vs " + types[i]);
        return false;
      }
    return true;
  }


static Map synchroHashMap() {
  return Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap());
}

static Field getOpt_findField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field))
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return null;
}
static int isAndroid_flag;

static boolean isAndroid() {
  if (isAndroid_flag == 0)
    isAndroid_flag = System.getProperty("java.vendor").toLowerCase().indexOf("android") >= 0 ? 1 : -1;
  return isAndroid_flag > 0;
}



static File prepareProgramFile(String name) {
  return mkdirsForFile(getProgramFile(name));
}

static File prepareProgramFile(String progID, String name) {
  return mkdirsForFile(getProgramFile(progID, name));
}
static boolean isOnPATH(String cmd) {
  return findCmdOnPATH(cmd) != null;
}
static Object callFunction(Object f, Object... args) {
  return callF(f, args);
}
  public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
    return bytesToHex(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
  }

  public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes, int ofs, int len) {
    StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(len*2);
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      String s = "0" + Integer.toHexString(bytes[ofs+i]);
      stringBuilder.append(s.substring(s.length()-2, s.length()));
    }
    return stringBuilder.toString();
  }

static Class javax() {
  return getJavaX();
}
static <A> A assertNotNull(A a) {
  assertTrue(a != null);
  return a;
}

static <A> A assertNotNull(String msg, A a) {
  assertTrue(msg, a != null);
  return a;
}
/** possibly improvable */
static String bashQuote(String text) {
  if (text == null) return null;
  return "\"" + text
    .replace("\\", "\\\\")
    .replace("\"", "\\\"")
    .replace("\n", "\\n")
    .replace("\r", "\\r") + "\"";
}

static String bashQuote(File f) {
  return bashQuote(f.getAbsolutePath());
}
static byte[] intToBytes(int i) {
  return new byte[] {
          (byte) (i >>> 24),
          (byte) (i >>> 16),
          (byte) (i >>> 8),
          (byte) i};
}
// extended over Class.isInstance() to handle primitive types
static boolean isInstanceX(Class type, Object arg) {
  if (type == boolean.class) return arg instanceof Boolean;
  if (type == int.class) return arg instanceof Integer;
  if (type == long.class) return arg instanceof Long;
  if (type == float.class) return arg instanceof Float;
  if (type == short.class) return arg instanceof Short;
  if (type == char.class) return arg instanceof Character;
  if (type == byte.class) return arg instanceof Byte;
  if (type == double.class) return arg instanceof Double;
  return type.isInstance(arg);
}
static <A extends Concept> A uniqueConcept(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  return uniqueConcept(mainConcepts, c, params);
}

static <A extends Concept> A uniqueConcept(Concepts cc, Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  params = expandParams(c, params);
  A x = findConceptWhere(cc, c, params);
  if (x == null) {
    x = nuObject(c);
    csetAll(x, params);
  }
  return x;
}
static void printException(Throwable e) {
  printStackTrace(e);
}
static Rectangle screenRectangle() {
  return new Rectangle(Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize());
}

static String getClassName(Object o) {
  return o == null ? "null" : o instanceof Class ? ((Class) o).getName() : o.getClass().getName();
}
static <A> List<A> synchroList() {
  return Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<A>());
}

static <A> List<A> synchroList(List<A> l) {
  return Collections.synchronizedList(l);
}

static boolean isLinux() {
  return !isWindows() && !isMac() && !isAndroid();
}
static int randomID_defaultLength = 12;

static String randomID(int length) {
  return makeRandomID(length);
}

static String randomID() {
  return randomID(randomID_defaultLength);
}
static BufferedImage loadPNG(File file) {
  return loadBufferedImage(file);
}
static File linux_fileInRamDisk(String name) {
  File dir = newFile("/dev/shm");
  if (dir.isDirectory()) return newFile(dir, name);
  return null;
}
static void moveMouse(int newx, int newy) { try {
  mouseMover().moveMouse(pt(newx, newy));
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static void moveMouse(Pt p) {
  if (p != null) moveMouse(p.x, p.y);
}
static int backtick_exitValue;
static boolean backtick_verbose;
static ThreadLocal<File> backtick_scriptFile = new ThreadLocal();
static ThreadLocal<Boolean> backtick_uninterruptable = new ThreadLocal(); // Great trick, thanks to Tim Bunce @ http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12856620/how-to-handle-signals-in-bash-during-synchronous-execution

static boolean backtick_win_cmd; // bugfixing

static String backtick(String cmd) { try {
  File outFile = File.createTempFile("_backtick", "");
  backtickToFile(cmd, outFile);
  String result = loadTextFile(outFile.getPath(), "");
  if (backtick_verbose) {
    //print("backtick: script length after=" + backtick_scriptFile->length());
    print("[[\n" + result + "]]");
  }
  return result;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Process backtickToFile(String cmd, File outFile) { try {
  try {
    Process process = backtickToFile_noWait(cmd, outFile);
    process.waitFor();
    backtick_exitValue = process.exitValue();
    if (backtick_verbose)
      System.out.println("Process return code: " + backtick_exitValue);
    return process;
  } finally {
    deleteFile(backtick_scriptFile.get());
    backtick_scriptFile.set(null);
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Process backtickToFile_noWait(String cmd, File outFile) { try {
  File scriptFile = File.createTempFile("_backtick", isWindows() ? ".bat" : "");
  backtick_scriptFile.set(scriptFile);
  if (backtick_verbose)
    print("backtick: scriptFile " + f2s(scriptFile));

  cmd = trim(cmd);
  if (numLines(cmd) > 1) throw fail("No multi-line commands allowed");
  String command = cmd + " >" + bashQuote(outFile.getPath()) + " 2>&1";
  if (!isTrue(backtick_uninterruptable.get()) && !isWindows()) command = fixNewLines("\r\ninterruptable() {\r\n\r\n    # handle options\r\n    local setsid=\"\"\r\n    local debug=false\r\n    while true; do\r\n        case \"${1:-}\" in\r\n            --killall)      setsid=setsid; shift ;;\r\n            --debug)        debug=true; shift ;;\r\n            --*)            echo \"Invalid option: $1\" 1>&2; exit 1;;\r\n            *)              break;; # no more options\r\n        esac\r\n    done\r\n\r\n    # start the specified command\r\n    $setsid \"$@\" &\r\n    local child_pid=$!\r\n\r\n    # arrange to propagate a signal to the child process\r\n    trap '\r\n        exec 1>&2\r\n        set +e\r\n        trap \"\" SIGPIPE # ensure a possible sigpipe from the echo does not prevent the kill\r\n        echo \"${BASH_SOURCE[0]} caught SIGTERM while executing $* (pid $child_pid), sending SIGTERM to it\"\r\n        # (race) child may have exited in which case kill will report an error\r\n        # if setsid is used then prefix the pid with a \"-\" to indicate that the signal\r\n        # should be sent to the entire process group\r\n        kill ${setsid:+-}$child_pid\r\n        exit 143\r\n    ' SIGTERM\r\n    # ensure that the trap doesn't persist after we return\r\n    trap 'trap - SIGTERM' RETURN\r\n\r\n    $debug && echo \"interruptable wait (child $child_pid, self $$) for: $*\"\r\n\r\n    # An error status from the child process will trigger an exception (via set -e)\r\n    # here unless the caller is checking the return status\r\n    wait $child_pid # last command, so status of waited for command is returned\r\n}\r\n\r\ninterruptable ") + command;
  //Log.info("[Backtick] " + command);
  if (backtick_verbose) {
    print("backtick: command " + command);
    print("backtick: saving to " + scriptFile.getPath());
  }
  saveTextFile(scriptFile.getPath(), command);
  if (backtick_verbose)
    print("backtick: command length=" + l(command) + ", file length=" + scriptFile.length());
  String[] command2;
  if (isWindows())
    if (backtick_win_cmd)
      command2 = new String[] { "cmd", "/c", scriptFile.getPath() };
    else
      command2 = new String[] { scriptFile.getPath() };
  else
    command2 = new String[] { "/bin/bash", scriptFile.getPath() };
  if (backtick_verbose)
    print("backtick: command2 " + structure(command2));
  return Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command2);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Pt centerOfRect(Rect r) {
  return r == null ? null : new Pt(r.x+r.w/2, r.y+r.h/2);
}


static Pt pt(int x, int y) {
  return new Pt(x, y);
}
static WeakHashMap<Class, ArrayList<Method>> callF_cache = new WeakHashMap();

static <A> A callF(F0<A> f) {
  return f == null ? null : f.get();
}

static Object callF(Object f, Object... args) { try {
  if (f instanceof String)
    return callMC((String) f, args);
  if (f instanceof Runnable) {
    ((Runnable) f).run();
    return null;
  }
  if (f == null) return null;
  
  Class c = f.getClass();
  ArrayList<Method> methods;
  synchronized(callF_cache) {
    methods = callF_cache.get(c);
    if (methods == null)
      methods = callF_makeCache(c);
  }
  
  int n = l(methods);
  if (n == 0) throw fail("No get method in " + getClassName(c));
  if (n == 1) return methods.get(0).invoke(f, args);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    Method m = methods.get(i);
    if (call_checkArgs(m, args, false))
      return m.invoke(f, args);
  }
  throw fail("No matching get method in " + getClassName(c));
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

// used internally
static ArrayList<Method> callF_makeCache(Class c) {
  ArrayList<Method> l = new ArrayList();
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Method m : _c.getDeclaredMethods())
      if (m.getName().equals("get")) {
        m.setAccessible(true);
        l.add(m);
      }
    if (!l.isEmpty()) break;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  callF_cache.put(c, l);
  return l;
}
static MouseMover mouseMover_instance;

static MouseMover mouseMover() {
  if (mouseMover_instance == null) { swing(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { 
    if (mouseMover_instance == null) {
      mouseMover_instance = new MouseMover();
      mouseMover_instance.enable();
    }
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (mouseMover_instance == null) {\r\n      mouseMover_instance = new MouseMover;\r..."; }}); }
  return mouseMover_instance;
}
static String trim(String s) { return s == null ? null : s.trim(); }
static String trim(StringBuilder buf) { return buf.toString().trim(); }
static String trim(StringBuffer buf) { return buf.toString().trim(); }
public static boolean isWindows() {
  return System.getProperty("os.name").contains("Windows");
}
static Throwable printStackTrace(Throwable e) {
  // we go to system.out now - system.err is nonsense
  print(getStackTrace(e));
  return e;
}

static void printStackTrace() {
  printStackTrace(new Throwable());
}

static void printStackTrace(String msg) {
  printStackTrace(new Throwable(msg));
}

/*static void printStackTrace(S indent, Throwable e) {
  if (endsWithLetter(indent)) indent += " ";
  printIndent(indent, getStackTrace(e));
}*/
  static boolean isMac() {
    return System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("mac");
	}
static int numLines(String s) {
  return countLines(s);
}
static Class __javax;

static Class getJavaX() {
  return __javax;
}
static File findCmdOnPATH(String cmd) {
  String path = System.getenv("PATH");
  List<String> dirs = splitAt(path, File.pathSeparator);
  String c = isWindows() ? cmd + ".exe" : cmd;
  for (String dir : dirs) {
    File f = new File(dir, c);
    if (f.isFile()) return f;
  }
  return null;
}
static String f2s(File f) {
  return f == null ? null : f.getAbsolutePath();
}
static boolean isTrue(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof Boolean)
    return ((Boolean) o).booleanValue();
  if (o == null) return false;
  throw fail(getClassName(o));
}
static boolean loadBufferedImage_useImageCache = true;

static BufferedImage loadBufferedImage(String snippetIDOrURL) { try {
  if (snippetIDOrURL == null) return null;
  if (isURL(snippetIDOrURL))
    return ImageIO.read(new URL(snippetIDOrURL));

  if (!isSnippetID(snippetIDOrURL)) throw fail("Not a URL or snippet ID: " + snippetIDOrURL);
  String snippetID = "" + parseSnippetID(snippetIDOrURL);
  
try {
  File dir = getCacheProgramDir("Image-Snippets");
  if (loadBufferedImage_useImageCache) {
    dir.mkdirs();
    File file = new File(dir, snippetID + ".png");
    if (file.exists() && file.length() != 0)
      try {
        return ImageIO.read(file);
      } catch (Throwable e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        // fall back to loading from sourceforge
      }
  }

  String imageURL = snippetImageURL(snippetID);
  System.err.println("Loading image: " + imageURL);
  BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(new URL(imageURL));

  if (loadBufferedImage_useImageCache) {
    File tempFile = new File(dir, snippetID + ".tmp." + System.currentTimeMillis());
    ImageIO.write(image, "png", tempFile);
    tempFile.renameTo(new File(dir, snippetID + ".png"));
    //Log.info("Cached image.");
  }

  //Log.info("Loaded image.");
  return image;
 } catch (IOException e) {
  throw new RuntimeException(e);
 }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static BufferedImage loadBufferedImage(File file) { try {
  return file.isFile() ? ImageIO.read(file) : null;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
static <A extends Concept> A findConceptWhere(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  return findConceptWhere(mainConcepts, c, params);
}

static <A extends Concept> A findConceptWhere(Concepts concepts, Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  params = expandParams(c, params);
  
  // indexed
  if (concepts.fieldIndices != null)
    for (int i = 0; i < l(params); i += 2) {
      IFieldIndex<A, Object> index = concepts.getFieldIndex(c, (String) params[i]);
      if (index != null)
        for (A x : index.getAll(params[i+1]))
          if (checkConceptFields(x, params)) return x;
    }
    
  // table scan
  for (A x : concepts.list(c)) if (checkConceptFields(x, params)) return x;
  return null;
}

static Concept findConceptWhere(Concepts concepts, String c, Object... params) {
  for (Concept x : concepts.list(c)) if (checkConceptFields(x, params)) return x;
  return null;
}

/** writes safely (to temp file, then rename) */
static File saveTextFile(String fileName, String contents) throws IOException {
  CriticalAction action = beginCriticalAction("Saving file " + fileName + " (" + l(contents) + " chars)");
  try {
    File file = new File(fileName);
    File parentFile = file.getParentFile();
    if (parentFile != null)
      parentFile.mkdirs();
    String tempFileName = fileName + "_temp";
    File tempFile = new File(tempFileName);
    if (contents != null) {
      if (tempFile.exists()) try {
        String saveName = tempFileName + ".saved." + now();
        copyFile(tempFile, new File(saveName));
      } catch (Throwable e) { printStackTrace(e); }
      FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = newFileOutputStream(tempFile.getPath());
      OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(fileOutputStream, "UTF-8");
      PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(outputStreamWriter);
      printWriter.print(contents);
      printWriter.close();
    }
    
    if (file.exists() && !file.delete())
      throw new IOException("Can't delete " + fileName);
  
    if (contents != null)
      if (!tempFile.renameTo(file))
        throw new IOException("Can't rename " + tempFile + " to " + file);
        
    return file;
  } finally {
    action.done();
  }
}

static File saveTextFile(File fileName, String contents) { try {
  saveTextFile(fileName.getPath(), contents);
  return fileName;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
static Object nuObject(String className, Object... args) { try {
  return nuObject(Class.forName(className), args);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

// too ambiguous - maybe need to fix some callers
/*static O nuObject(O realm, S className, O... args) {
  ret nuObject(_getClass(realm, className), args);
}*/

static <A> A nuObject(Class<A> c, Object... args) { try {
  Constructor m = nuObject_findConstructor(c, args);
  m.setAccessible(true);
  return (A) m.newInstance(args);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Constructor nuObject_findConstructor(Class c, Object... args) {
  for (Constructor m : c.getDeclaredConstructors()) {
    if (!nuObject_checkArgs(m.getParameterTypes(), args, false))
      continue;
    return m;
  }
  throw fail("Constructor " + c.getName() + getClasses(args) + " not found"
    + (args.length == 0 && (c.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0 ? " - hint: it's a non-static class!" : ""));
}

 static boolean nuObject_checkArgs(Class[] types, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    if (types.length != args.length) {
      if (debug)
        System.out.println("Bad parameter length: " + args.length + " vs " + types.length);
      return false;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++)
      if (!(args[i] == null || isInstanceX(types[i], args[i]))) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Bad parameter " + i + ": " + args[i] + " vs " + types[i]);
        return false;
      }
    return true;
  }
public static File mkdirsForFile(File file) {
  File dir = file.getParentFile();
  if (dir != null) // is null if file is in current dir
    dir.mkdirs();
  return file;
}

static File newFile(File base, String... names) {
  for (String name : names) base = new File(base, name);
  return base;
}

static File newFile(String name) {
  return name == null ? null : new File(name);
}
static <A extends Concept> Object[] expandParams(Class<A> c, Object[] params) {
  if (l(params) == 1)
    params = new Object[] { singleFieldName(c), params[0] };
  else
    warnIfOddCount(params);
  return params;
}

static boolean deleteFile(File file) {
  return file != null && file.delete();
}
static File getProgramFile(String progID, String fileName) {
  if (new File(fileName).isAbsolute())
    return new File(fileName);
  return new File(getProgramDir(progID), fileName);
}

static File getProgramFile(String fileName) {
  return getProgramFile(getProgramID(), fileName);
}

  public static String loadTextFile(String fileName) {
    return loadTextFile(fileName, null);
  }
  
  public static String loadTextFile(File fileName, String defaultContents) {
    ping();
    try {
      if (fileName == null || !fileName.exists())
        return defaultContents;
  
      FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(fileName);
      InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(fileInputStream, "UTF-8");
      return loadTextFile(inputStreamReader);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }
  
  public static String loadTextFile(File fileName) {
    return loadTextFile(fileName, null);
  }

  public static String loadTextFile(String fileName, String defaultContents) {
    return fileName == null ? defaultContents : loadTextFile(newFile(fileName), defaultContents);
  }
  
  public static String loadTextFile(Reader reader) throws IOException {
    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
    try {
      char[] buffer = new char[1024];
      int n;
      while (-1 != (n = reader.read(buffer)))
        builder.append(buffer, 0, n);
        
    } finally {
      reader.close();
    }
    return builder.toString();
  }
static String makeRandomID(int length) {
  Random random = new Random();
  char[] id = new char[length];
  for (int i = 0; i < id.length; i++)
    id[i] = (char) ((int) 'a' + random.nextInt(26));
  return new String(id);
}
static boolean structure_showTiming, structure_checkTokenCount;

static String structure(Object o) {
  return structure(o, new structure_Data());
}

static String structure(Object o, structure_Data d) {
  StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
  d.out = new PrintWriter(sw);
  structure_go(o, d);
  String s = str(sw);
  if (structure_checkTokenCount) {
    print("token count=" + d.n);
    assertEquals("token count", l(javaTokC(s)), d.n);
  }
  return s;
}

static void structure_go(Object o, structure_Data d) {
  structure_1(o, d);
  while (nempty(d.stack))
    popLast(d.stack).run();
}

static void structureToPrintWriter(Object o, PrintWriter out) {
  structure_Data d = new structure_Data();
  d.out = out;
  structure_go(o, d);
}

// leave to false, unless unstructure() breaks
static boolean structure_allowShortening = false;

static class structure_Data {
  PrintWriter out;
  int stringSizeLimit;
  int shareStringsLongerThan = 20;
  boolean noStringSharing;

  IdentityHashMap<Object,Integer> seen = new IdentityHashMap();
  //new BitSet refd;
  HashMap<String,Integer> strings = new HashMap();
  HashSet<String> concepts = new HashSet();
  HashMap<Class, List<Field>> fieldsByClass = new HashMap();
  int n; // token count
  List<Runnable> stack = new ArrayList();
  
  // append single token
  structure_Data append(String token) { out.print(token); ++n; return this; }
  structure_Data append(int i) { out.print(i); ++n; return this; }
  
  // append multiple tokens
  structure_Data append(String token, int tokCount) { out.print(token); n += tokCount; return this; }
  
  // extend last token
  structure_Data app(String token) { out.print(token); return this; }
  structure_Data app(int i) { out.print(i); return this; }
}

static void structure_1(final Object o, final structure_Data d) {
  if (o == null) { d.append("null"); return; }
  
  Class c = o.getClass();
  boolean concept = false;
  
    concept = o instanceof Concept;
  
  List<Field> lFields = d.fieldsByClass.get(c);
  
  if (lFields == null) {
    // these are never back-referenced (for readability)
    
    if (o instanceof Number) {
      PrintWriter out = d.out;
if (o instanceof Integer) { int i = ((Integer) o).intValue(); out.print(i); d.n += i < 0 ? 2 : 1; return; }
      if (o instanceof Long) { long l = ((Long) o).longValue(); out.print(l); out.print("L"); d.n += l < 0 ? 2 : 1; return; }
      if (o instanceof Float) { d.append("fl ", 2); quoteToPrintWriter(str(o), out); return; }
      if (o instanceof Double) { d.append("d(", 3); quoteToPrintWriter(str(o), out); d.append(")"); return; }
      if (o instanceof BigInteger) { out.print("bigint("); out.print(o); out.print(")"); d.n += ((BigInteger) o).signum() < 0 ? 5 : 4; return; }
    }
  
    if (o instanceof Boolean) {
      d.append(((Boolean) o).booleanValue() ? "t" : "f"); return;
    }
      
    if (o instanceof Character) {
      d.append(quoteCharacter((Character) o)); return;
    }
      
    if (o instanceof File) {
      d.append("File ").append(quote(((File) o).getPath())); return;
    }
      
    // referencable objects follow
    
    Integer ref = d.seen.get(o);
    if (o instanceof String && ref == null) ref = d.strings.get((String) o);
    if (ref != null) { /*d.refd.set(ref);*/ d.append("t").app(ref); return; }

    if (!(o instanceof String))
      d.seen.put(o, d.n); // record token number
    else {
      String s = d.stringSizeLimit != 0 ? shorten((String) o, d.stringSizeLimit) : (String) o;
      if (!d.noStringSharing) {
        if (d.shareStringsLongerThan == Integer.MAX_VALUE)
          d.seen.put(o, d.n);
        if (l(s) >= d.shareStringsLongerThan)
          d.strings.put(s, d.n);
      }
      quoteToPrintWriter(s, d.out); d.n++; return;
    }
      
    if (o instanceof HashSet) {
      d.append("hashset ");
      structure_1(new ArrayList((Set) o), d);
      return;
    }
  
    if (o instanceof TreeSet) {
      d.append("treeset ");
      structure_1(new ArrayList((Set) o), d);
      return;
    }
    
    String name = c.getName();
    if (o instanceof Collection
      && !startsWith(name, "main$")
      /* && neq(name, "main$Concept$RefL") */) {
      d.append("[");
      final int l = d.n;
      final Iterator it = ((Collection) o).iterator();
      d.stack.add(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { 
        if (!it.hasNext())
          d.append("]");
        else {
          d.stack.add(this);
          if (d.n != l) d.append(", ");
          structure_1(it.next(), d);
        }
      
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (!it.hasNext())\r\n          d.append(\"]\");\r\n        else {\r\n          d.stack...."; }});
      return;
    }
    
    if (o instanceof Map && !startsWith(name, "main$")) {
      if (o instanceof LinkedHashMap) d.append("lhm");
      else if (o instanceof HashMap) d.append("hm");
      d.append("{");
      final int l = d.n;
      final Iterator it = ((Map) o).entrySet().iterator();
      
      d.stack.add(new Runnable() {
        boolean v;
        Map.Entry e;
        
        public void run() {
          if (v) {
            d.append("=");
            v = false;
            d.stack.add(this);
            structure_1(e.getValue(), d);
          } else {
            if (!it.hasNext())
              d.append("}");
            else {
              e = (Map.Entry) it.next();
              v = true;
              d.stack.add(this);
              if (d.n != l) d.append(", ");
              structure_1(e.getKey(), d);
            }
          }
        }
      });
      return;
    }
    
    if (c.isArray()) {
      if (o instanceof byte[]) {
        d.append("ba ").append(quote(bytesToHex((byte[]) o))); return;
      }
  
      final int n = Array.getLength(o);
  
      if (o instanceof boolean[]) {
        String hex = boolArrayToHex((boolean[]) o);
        int i = l(hex);
        while (i > 0 && hex.charAt(i-1) == '0' && hex.charAt(i-2) == '0') i -= 2;
        d.append("boolarray ").append(n).app(" ").append(quote(substring(hex, 0, i))); return;
      }
      
      String atype = "array", sep = ", ";
  
      if (o instanceof int[]) {
        //ret "intarray " + quote(intArrayToHex((int[]) o));
        atype = "intarray";
        sep = " ";
      }
      
      d.append(atype).append("{");
      d.stack.add(new Runnable() {
        int i;
        public void run() {
          if (i >= n)
            d.append("}");
          else {
            d.stack.add(this);
            if (i > 0) d.append(", ");
            structure_1(Array.get(o, i++), d);
          }
        }
      });
      return;
    }
  
    if (o instanceof Class) {
      d.append("class(", 2).append(quote(((Class) o).getName())).append(")"); return;
    }
      
    if (o instanceof Throwable) {
      d.append("exception(", 2).append(quote(((Throwable) o).getMessage())).append(")"); return;
    }
      
    if (o instanceof BitSet) {
      BitSet bs = (BitSet) o;
      d.append("bitset{", 2);
      int l = d.n;
      for (int i = bs.nextSetBit(0); i >= 0; i = bs.nextSetBit(i+1)) {
        if (d.n != l) d.append(", ");
        d.append(i);
      }
      d.append("}"); return;
    }
      
    // Need more cases? This should cover all library classes...
    if (name.startsWith("java.") || name.startsWith("javax.")) {
      d.append("j ").append(quote(str(o))); return; // Hm. this is not unstructure-able
    }
    
    
      
    /*if (name.equals("main$Lisp")) {
      fail("lisp not supported right now");
    }*/
    
    String dynName = shortDynamicClassName(o);
    if (concept && !d.concepts.contains(dynName)) {
      d.concepts.add(dynName);
      d.append("c ");
    }
    
    // serialize an object with fields.
    // first, collect all fields and values in fv.
    
    TreeSet<Field> fields = new TreeSet<Field>(new Comparator<Field>() {
      public int compare(Field a, Field b) {
        return stdcompare(a.getName(), b.getName());
      }
    });
    
    Class cc = c;
    while (cc != Object.class) {
      for (Field field : getDeclaredFields_cached(cc)) {
        if ((field.getModifiers() & (Modifier.STATIC | Modifier.TRANSIENT)) != 0)
          continue;
        String fieldName = field.getName();
        
        fields.add(field);
        
        // put special cases here...
      }
        
      cc = cc.getSuperclass();
    }
    
    lFields = asList(fields);
    
    // Render this$1 first because unstructure needs it for constructor call.
    
    for (int i = 0; i < l(lFields); i++) {
      Field f = lFields.get(i);
      if (f.getName().equals("this$1")) {
        lFields.remove(i);
        lFields.add(0, f);
        break;
      }
    }
  
    
    d.fieldsByClass.put(c, lFields);
  } // << if (lFields == null)
  else { // ref handling for lFields != null
    Integer ref = d.seen.get(o);
    if (ref != null) { /*d.refd.set(ref);*/ d.append("t").app(ref); return; }
    d.seen.put(o, d.n); // record token number
  }

  LinkedHashMap<String,Object> fv = new LinkedHashMap();
  for (Field f : lFields) {
    Object value;
    try {
      value = f.get(o);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      value = "?";
    }
      
    if (value != null)
      fv.put(f.getName(), value);
    
  }
  
  String name = c.getName();
  String shortName = dropPrefix("main$", name);
    
  // Now we have fields & values. Process fieldValues if it's a DynamicObject.
  
  // omit field "className" if equal to class's name
  if (concept && eq(fv.get("className"), shortName))
    fv.remove("className");
          
  if (o instanceof DynamicObject) {
    fv.putAll((Map) fv.get("fieldValues"));
    fv.remove("fieldValues");
    shortName = shortDynamicClassName(o);
    fv.remove("className");
  }
  
  String singleField = fv.size() == 1 ? first(fv.keySet()) : null;
  
  d.append(shortName);
  
  
  final int l = d.n;
  final Iterator it = fv.entrySet().iterator();
  
  d.stack.add(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { 
    if (!it.hasNext()) {
      if (d.n != l)
        d.append(")");
    } else {
      Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry) it.next();
      d.append(d.n == l ? "(" : ", ");
      d.append((String) e.getKey()).append("=");
      d.stack.add(this);
      structure_1(e.getValue(), d);
    }
  
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (!it.hasNext()) {\r\n      if (d.n != l)\r\n        d.append(\")\");\r\n    } else {\r..."; }});
}



static List<CriticalAction> beginCriticalAction_inFlight = synchroList();

static class CriticalAction {
  String description;
  
  CriticalAction() {}
  CriticalAction(String description) {
  this.description = description;}
  
  void done() {
    beginCriticalAction_inFlight.remove(this);
  }
}

static CriticalAction beginCriticalAction(String description) {
  ping();
  CriticalAction c = new CriticalAction(description);
  beginCriticalAction_inFlight.add(c);
  return c;
}

static void cleanMeUp_beginCriticalAction() {
  int n = 0;
  while (nempty(beginCriticalAction_inFlight)) {
    int m = l(beginCriticalAction_inFlight);
    if (m != n) {
      n = m;
      try {
        print("Waiting for " + n(n, "critical actions") + ": " + join(", ", collect(beginCriticalAction_inFlight, "description")));
      } catch (Throwable __e) { printStackTrace2(__e); }
    }
    sleepInCleanUp(10);
  }
}
static int countLines(String s) {
  return l(toLines(s)); // yeah could be optimized :-)
}
static final HashMap<String, List<Method>> callMC_cache = new HashMap();
static String callMC_key;
static Method callMC_value;

// varargs assignment fixer for a single string array argument
static Object callMC(String method, String[] arg) {
  return callMC(method, new Object[] {arg});
}

static Object callMC(String method, Object... args) { try {
  Method me;
  synchronized(callMC_cache) {
    me = method == callMC_key ? callMC_value : null;
  }
  if (me != null) return callMC_value.invoke(null, args);

  List<Method> m;
  synchronized(callMC_cache) {
    m = callMC_cache.get(method);
  }
  if (m == null) {
    if (callMC_cache.isEmpty()) {
      callMC_makeCache();
      m = callMC_cache.get(method);
    }
    if (m == null) throw fail("Method named " + method + " not found in main");
  }
  int n = m.size();
  if (n == 1) {
    me = m.get(0);
    synchronized(callMC_cache) {
      callMC_key = method;
      callMC_value = me;
    }
    return me.invoke(null, args);
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    me = m.get(i);
    if (call_checkArgs(me, args, false))
      return me.invoke(null, args);
  }
  throw fail("No method called " + method + " with matching arguments found in main");
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static void callMC_makeCache() {
  synchronized(callMC_cache) {
    callMC_cache.clear();
    Class _c = (Class) mc(), c = _c;
    while (c != null) {
      for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods())
        if ((m.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0) {
          m.setAccessible(true);
          multiMapPut(callMC_cache, m.getName(), m);
        }
      c = c.getSuperclass();
    }
  }
}
static String quote(Object o) {
  if (o == null) return "null";
  return quote(str(o));
}

static String quote(String s) {
  if (s == null) return "null";
  StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder((int) (l(s)*1.5+2));
  quote_impl(s, out);
  return out.toString();
}
  
static void quote_impl(String s, StringBuilder out) {
  out.append('"');
  int l = s.length();
  for (int i = 0; i < l; i++) {
    char c = s.charAt(i);
    if (c == '\\' || c == '"')
      out.append('\\').append(c);
    else if (c == '\r')
      out.append("\\r");
    else if (c == '\n')
      out.append("\\n");
    else
      out.append(c);
  }
  out.append('"');
}
static int shorten_default = 100;

static String shorten(String s) { return shorten(s, shorten_default); }

static String shorten(String s, int max) {
  if (s == null) return "";
  if (max < 0) return s;
  return s.length() <= max ? s : s.substring(0, Math.min(s.length(), max)) + "...";
}

static String shorten(int max, String s) { return shorten(s, max); }
static boolean isURL(String s) {
  return s.startsWith("http://") || s.startsWith("https://");
}
static String quoteCharacter(char c) {
  if (c == '\'') return "'\\''";
  if (c == '\\') return "'\\\\'";
  if (c == '\r') return "'\\r'";
  if (c == '\n') return "'\\n'";
  if (c == '\t') return "'\\t'";
  return "'" + c + "'";
}

static String shortDynamicClassName(Object o) {
 if (o instanceof DynamicObject && ((DynamicObject) o).className != null)
    return ((DynamicObject) o).className;
  return shortClassName(o);
}
static String dropPrefix(String prefix, String s) {
  return s == null ? null : s.startsWith(prefix) ? s.substring(l(prefix)) : s;
}
static String str(Object o) {
  return o == null ? "null" : o.toString();
}

static String str(char[] c) {
  return new String(c);
}
public static void copyFile(File src, File dest) { try {
  mkdirsForFile(dest);
  FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(src.getPath());
  FileOutputStream outputStream = newFileOutputStream(dest.getPath());
  try {
    copyStream(inputStream, outputStream);
    inputStream.close();
  } finally {
    outputStream.close();
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
// TODO: returns empty first, but not empty last
static List<String> splitAt(String s, String splitter) {
  List<String> parts = new ArrayList();
  int i = 0;
  if (s != null)
    while (i < l(s)) {
      int j = indexOf(s, splitter, i);
      if (j < 0) j = l(s);
      parts.add(substring(s, i, j));
      i = j+l(splitter);
    }
  return parts;
}
static String programID;

static String getProgramID() {
  return nempty(programID) ? formatSnippetIDOpt(programID) : "?";
}

// TODO: ask JavaX instead
static String getProgramID(Class c) {
  String id = (String) getOpt(c, "programID");
  if (nempty(id))
    return formatSnippetID(id);
  return "?";
}

static String getProgramID(Object o) {
  return getProgramID(getMainClass(o));
}
static File getCacheProgramDir() {
  return getCacheProgramDir(getProgramID());
}

static File getCacheProgramDir(String snippetID) {
  return new File(userHome(), "JavaX-Caches/" + formatSnippetIDOpt(snippetID));
}
  public static boolean isSnippetID(String s) {
    try {
      parseSnippetID(s);
      return true;
    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
      return false;
    }
  }
static List<Class> getClasses(Object[] array) {
  List<Class> l = new ArrayList();
  for (Object o : array) l.add(_getClass(o));
  return l;
}
static List<String> javaTokC(String s) {
  int l = s.length();
  ArrayList<String> tok = new ArrayList();
  
  int i = 0;
  while (i < l) {
    int j = i;
    char c, d;
    
    // scan for whitespace
    while (j < l) {
      c = s.charAt(j);
      d = j+1 >= l ? '\0' : s.charAt(j+1);
      if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
        ++j;
      else if (c == '/' && d == '*') {
        do ++j; while (j < l && !s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l)).equals("*/"));
        j = Math.min(j+2, l);
      } else if (c == '/' && d == '/') {
        do ++j; while (j < l && "\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) < 0);
      } else
        break;
    }
    
    i = j;
    if (i >= l) break;
    c = s.charAt(i);
    d = i+1 >= l ? '\0' : s.charAt(i+1);

    // scan for non-whitespace
    if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
      char opener = c;
      ++j;
      while (j < l) {
        if (s.charAt(j) == opener || s.charAt(j) == '\n') { // end at \n to not propagate unclosed string literal errors
          ++j;
          break;
        } else if (s.charAt(j) == '\\' && j+1 < l)
          j += 2;
        else
          ++j;
      }
    } else if (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && (Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)) || "'".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) >= 0)); // for stuff like "don't"
    else if (Character.isDigit(c)) {
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
      if (j < l && s.charAt(j) == 'L') ++j; // Long constants like 1L
    } else if (c == '[' && d == '[') {
      do ++j; while (j+1 < l && !s.substring(j, j+2).equals("]]"));
      j = Math.min(j+2, l);
    } else if (c == '[' && d == '=' && i+2 < l && s.charAt(i+2) == '[') {
      do ++j; while (j+2 < l && !s.substring(j, j+3).equals("]=]"));
      j = Math.min(j+3, l);
    } else
      ++j;
      
    tok.add(quickSubstring(s, i, j));
    i = j;
  }
  
  return tok;
}

static File getProgramDir() {
  return programDir();
}

static File getProgramDir(String snippetID) {
  return programDir(snippetID);
}
static HashMap<Class, Field[]> getDeclaredFields_cache = new HashMap();

static Field[] getDeclaredFields_cached(Class c) {
  Field[] fields;
  synchronized(getDeclaredFields_cache) {
    fields = getDeclaredFields_cache.get(c);
    if (fields == null) {
      getDeclaredFields_cache.put(c, fields = c.getDeclaredFields());
      for (Field f : fields)
        f.setAccessible(true);
    }
  }
  return fields;
}
static Object swing(Object f) {
  return swingAndWait(f);
}

static <A> A swing(F0<A> f) {
  return (A) swingAndWait(f);
}
static String boolArrayToHex(boolean[] a) {
  return bytesToHex(boolArrayToBytes(a));
}
static Object first(Object list) {
  return empty((List) list) ? null : ((List) list).get(0);
}

static <A> A first(List<A> list) {
  return empty(list) ? null : list.get(0);
}

static <A> A first(A[] bla) {
  return bla == null || bla.length == 0 ? null : bla[0];
}

static <A> A first(Iterable<A> i) {
  if (i == null) return null;
  Iterator<A> it = i.iterator();
  return it.hasNext() ? it.next() : null;
}

static Character first(String s) { return empty(s) ? null : s.charAt(0); }


static String getStackTrace(Throwable throwable) {
  StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
  throwable.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(writer));
  return hideCredentials(writer.toString());
}
static void quoteToPrintWriter(String s, PrintWriter out) {
  if (s == null) { out.print("null"); return; }
  out.print('"');
  int l = s.length();
  for (int i = 0; i < l; i++) {
    char c = s.charAt(i);
    if (c == '\\' || c == '"') {
      out.print('\\'); out.print(c);
    } else if (c == '\r')
      out.print("\\r");
    else if (c == '\n')
      out.print("\\n");
    else
      out.print(c);
  }
  out.print('"');
}
static String singleFieldName(Class c) {
  Set<String> l = listFields(c);
  if (l(l) != 1)
    throw fail("No single field found in " + c + " (have " + n(l(l), "fields") + ")");
  return first(l);
}
static String snippetImageURL(String snippetID) {
  return snippetImageURL(snippetID, "png");
}

static String snippetImageURL(String snippetID, String contentType) {
  long id = parseSnippetID(snippetID);
  String url;
  if (id == 1000010 || id == 1000012)
    url = "http://tinybrain.de:8080/tb/show-blobimage.php?id=" + id;
  else if (isImageServerSnippet(id))
    url = "http://ai1.lol/images/raw/" + id;
  else
    url = "http://eyeocr.sourceforge.net/filestore/filestore.php?cmd=serve&file=blob_" + id
      + "&contentType=image/" + contentType;
  return url;
}
static void warnIfOddCount(Object... list) {
  if (odd(l(list)))
    printStackTrace("Odd list size: " + list);
}
static String substring(String s, int x) {
  return substring(s, x, l(s));
}

static String substring(String s, int x, int y) {
  if (s == null) return null;
  if (x < 0) x = 0;
  if (x > s.length()) return "";
  if (y < x) y = x;
  if (y > s.length()) y = s.length();
  return s.substring(x, y);
}


public static long parseSnippetID(String snippetID) {
  long id = Long.parseLong(shortenSnippetID(snippetID));
  if (id == 0) throw fail("0 is not a snippet ID");
  return id;
}
static long now_virtualTime;
static long now() {
  return now_virtualTime != 0 ? now_virtualTime : System.currentTimeMillis();
}

static FileOutputStream newFileOutputStream(File path) throws IOException {
  return newFileOutputStream(path.getPath());
}

static FileOutputStream newFileOutputStream(String path) throws IOException {
  return newFileOutputStream(path, false);
}

static FileOutputStream newFileOutputStream(String path, boolean append) throws IOException {
  FileOutputStream f = new // Line break for ancient translator
    FileOutputStream(path, append);
  callJavaX("registerIO", f, path, true);
  return f;
}
static boolean checkConceptFields(Concept x, Object... data) {
  for (int i = 0; i < l(data); i += 2)
    if (neq(cget(x, (String) data[i]), deref(data[i+1])))
      return false;
  return true;
}
static <A> A popLast(List<A> l) {
  return liftLast(l);
}
static int stdcompare(Number a, Number b) {
  return cmp(a, b);
}

static int stdcompare(String a, String b) {
  return cmp(a, b);
}

static int stdcompare(long a, long b) {
  return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0;
}

static int stdcompare(Object a, Object b) {
  return cmp(a, b);
}

static boolean startsWith(String a, String b) {
  return a != null && a.startsWith(b);
}


  static boolean startsWith(String a, String b, Matches m) {
    if (!startsWith(a, b)) return false;
    m.m = new String[] {substring(a, l(b))};
    return true;
  }


static boolean startsWith(List a, List b) {
  if (a == null || l(b) > l(a)) return false;
  for (int i = 0; i < l(b); i++)
    if (neq(a.get(i), b.get(i)))
      return false;
  return true;
}




// This is for main classes that are all static.
// (We don't go to base classes.)
static Set<String> listFields(Object c) {
  TreeSet<String> fields = new TreeSet();
  for (Field f : _getClass(c).getDeclaredFields())
    fields.add(f.getName());
  return fields;
}
public static String join(String glue, Iterable<String> strings) {
  if (strings == null) return "";
  StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
  Iterator<String> i = strings.iterator();
  if (i.hasNext()) {
    buf.append(i.next());
    while (i.hasNext())
      buf.append(glue).append(i.next());
  }
  return buf.toString();
}

public static String join(String glue, String... strings) {
  return join(glue, Arrays.asList(strings));
}

static String join(Iterable<String> strings) {
  return join("", strings);
}

static String join(Iterable<String> strings, String glue) {
  return join(glue, strings);
}

public static String join(String[] strings) {
  return join("", strings);
}

static void swingAndWait(Runnable r) { try {
  if (isAWTThread())
    r.run();
  else
    EventQueue.invokeAndWait(r);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Object swingAndWait(final Object f) {
  if (isAWTThread())
    return callF(f);
  else {
    final Var result = new Var();
    swingAndWait(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { 
      result.set(callF(f));
    
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "result.set(callF(f));"; }});
    return result.get();
  }
}
static String shortenSnippetID(String snippetID) {
  if (snippetID.startsWith("#"))
    snippetID = snippetID.substring(1);
  String httpBlaBla = "http://tinybrain.de/";
  if (snippetID.startsWith(httpBlaBla))
    snippetID = snippetID.substring(httpBlaBla.length());
  return "" + parseLong(snippetID);
}
static byte[] boolArrayToBytes(boolean[] a) {
  byte[] b = new byte[(l(a)+7)/8];
  for (int i = 0; i < l(a); i++)
    if (a[i])
      b[i/8] |= 1 << (i & 7);
  return b;
}
static void sleepInCleanUp(long ms) { try {
  if (ms < 0) return;
  Thread.sleep(ms);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
static boolean odd(int i) {
  return (i & 1) != 0;
}

static boolean odd(long i) {
  return (i & 1) != 0;
}
static String quickSubstring(String s, int i, int j) {
  if (i == j) return "";
  return s.substring(i, j);
}
static Object cget(Object c, String field) {
  Object o = getOpt(c, field);
  if (o instanceof Concept.Ref) return ((Concept.Ref) o).get();
  return o;
}
static <A> A liftLast(List<A> l) {
  if (l.isEmpty()) return null;
  int i = l(l)-1;
  A a = l.get(i);
  l.remove(i);
  return a;
}
static int cmp(Number a, Number b) {
  return a == null ? b == null ? 0 : -1 : cmp(a.doubleValue(), b.doubleValue());
}

static int cmp(double a, double b) {
  return a < b ? -1 : a == b ? 0 : 1;
}

static int cmp(String a, String b) {
  return a == null ? b == null ? 0 : -1 : a.compareTo(b);
}

static int cmp(Object a, Object b) {
  if (a == null) return b == null ? 0 : -1;
  if (b == null) return 1;
  return ((Comparable) a).compareTo(b);
}
static boolean isImageServerSnippet(long id) {
  return id >= 1100000 && id < 1200000;
}
static String _userHome;
static String userHome() {
  if (_userHome == null) {
    if (isAndroid())
      _userHome = "/storage/sdcard0/";
    else
      _userHome = System.getProperty("user.home");
    //System.out.println("userHome: " + _userHome);
  }
  return _userHome;
}

static File userHome(String path) {
  return new File(userDir(), path);
}
static String hideCredentials(URL url) { return url == null ? null : hideCredentials(str(url)); }

static String hideCredentials(String url) {
  return url.replaceAll("([&?])_pass=[^&\\s\"]*", "$1_pass=<hidden>");
}
static List<String> toLines(File f) {
  return toLines(loadTextFile(f));
}

  public static List<String> toLines(String s) {
    List<String> lines = new ArrayList<String>();
    if (s == null) return lines;
    int start = 0;
    while (true) {
      int i = toLines_nextLineBreak(s, start);
      if (i < 0) {
        if (s.length() > start) lines.add(s.substring(start));
        break;
      }

      lines.add(s.substring(start, i));
      if (s.charAt(i) == '\r' && i+1 < s.length() && s.charAt(i+1) == '\n')
        i += 2;
      else
        ++i;

      start = i;
    }
    return lines;
  }

  private static int toLines_nextLineBreak(String s, int start) {
    for (int i = start; i < s.length(); i++) {
      char c = s.charAt(i);
      if (c == '\r' || c == '\n')
        return i;
    }
    return -1;
  }
static Class getMainClass() {
  return main.class;
}

static Class getMainClass(Object o) { try {
  return (o instanceof Class ? (Class) o : o.getClass()).getClassLoader().loadClass("main");
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
static String n(long l, String name) {
  return l + " " + trim(l == 1 ? singular(name) : getPlural(name));
}

static String n(Collection l, String name) {
  return n(l(l), name);
}

static String n(Map m, String name) {
  return n(l(m), name);
}

static String n(Object[] a, String name) {
  return n(l(a), name);
}


static Class<?> _getClass(String name) {
  try {
    return Class.forName(name);
  } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
    return null; // could optimize this
  }
}

static Class _getClass(Object o) {
  return o == null ? null
    : o instanceof Class ? (Class) o : o.getClass();
}

static Class _getClass(Object realm, String name) { try {
  return getClass(realm).getClassLoader().loadClass(classNameToVM(name));
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
static Class mc() {
  return main.class;
}
static File programDir_mine; // set this to relocate program's data

static File programDir() {
  return programDir(getProgramID());
}

static File programDir(String snippetID) {
  boolean me = sameSnippetID(snippetID, programID());
  if (programDir_mine != null && me)
    return programDir_mine;
  File dir = new File(javaxDataDir(), formatSnippetID(snippetID));
  if (me) {
    String c = caseID();
    if (nempty(c)) dir = newFile(dir, c);
  }
  return dir;
}

static <A, B> void multiMapPut(Map<A, List<B>> map, A a, B b) {
  List<B> l = map.get(a);
  if (l == null)
    map.put(a, l = new ArrayList());
  l.add(b);
}
static String formatSnippetID(String id) {
  return "#" + parseSnippetID(id);
}

static String formatSnippetID(long id) {
  return "#" + id;
}
static boolean neq(Object a, Object b) {
  return !eq(a, b);
}
static <A> int indexOf(List<A> l, A a, int startIndex) {
  if (l == null) return -1;
  for (int i = startIndex; i < l(l); i++)
    if (eq(l.get(i), a))
      return i;
  return -1;
}

static <A> int indexOf(List<A> l, int startIndex, A a) {
  return indexOf(l, a, startIndex);
}

static <A> int indexOf(List<A> l, A a) {
  if (l == null) return -1;
  return l.indexOf(a);
}

static int indexOf(String a, String b) {
  return a == null || b == null ? -1 : a.indexOf(b);
}

static int indexOf(String a, String b, int i) {
  return a == null || b == null ? -1 : a.indexOf(b, i);
}

static int indexOf(String a, char b) {
  return a == null ? -1 : a.indexOf(b);
}

static int indexOf(String a, char b, int i) {
  return a == null ? -1 : a.indexOf(b, i);
}

static int indexOf(String a, int i, String b) {
  return a == null || b == null ? -1 : a.indexOf(b, i);
}

static <A> int indexOf(A[] x, A a) {
  if (x == null) return -1;
  for (int i = 0; i < l(x); i++)
    if (eq(x[i], a))
      return i;
  return -1;
}
static List collect(Collection c, String field) {
  return collectField(c, field);
}

static List collect(String field, Collection c) {
  return collectField(c, field);
}


static List collect(Class c, String field) {
  return collect(list(c), field);
}

static Object deref(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof Derefable) o = ((Derefable) o).get();
  return o;
}

static Object callJavaX(String method, Object... args) {
  return callOpt(getJavaX(), method, args);
}
static String shortClassName(Object o) {
  if (o == null) return null;
  Class c = o instanceof Class ? (Class) o : o.getClass();
  String name = c.getName();
  return shortenClassName(name);
}
static String formatSnippetIDOpt(String s) {
  return isSnippetID(s) ? formatSnippetID(s) : s;
}
static Object getOpt(Object o, String field) {
  return getOpt_cached(o, field);
}

static Object getOpt_raw(Object o, String field) {
  try {
    Field f = getOpt_findField(o.getClass(), field);
    if (f == null) return null;
    f.setAccessible(true);
    return f.get(o);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

// access of static fields is not yet optimized
static Object getOpt(Class c, String field) {
  try {
    if (c == null) return null;
    Field f = getOpt_findStaticField(c, field);
    if (f == null) return null;
    f.setAccessible(true);
    return f.get(null);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static Field getOpt_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return null;
}

static Throwable printStackTrace2(Throwable e) {
  // we go to system.out now - system.err is nonsense
  print(getStackTrace2(e));
  return e;
}

static void printStackTrace2() {
  printStackTrace2(new Throwable());
}

static void printStackTrace2(String msg) {
  printStackTrace2(new Throwable(msg));
}

/*static void printStackTrace2(S indent, Throwable e) {
  if (endsWithLetter(indent)) indent += " ";
  printIndent(indent, getStackTrace2(e));
}*/
static void copyStream(InputStream in, OutputStream out) { try {
  byte[] buf = new byte[65536];
  while (true) {
    int n = in.read(buf);
    if (n <= 0) return;
    out.write(buf, 0, n);
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }


static String getStackTrace2(Throwable throwable) {
  return hideCredentials(getStackTrace(throwable) + replacePrefix("java.lang.RuntimeException: ", "FAIL: ",
    hideCredentials(str(getInnerException(throwable)))) + "\n");
}
static List<String> getPlural_specials = ll("sheep", "fish");

static String getPlural(String s) {
  if (containsIgnoreCase(getPlural_specials, s)) return s;
  if (ewic(s, "y")) return dropSuffixIgnoreCase("y", s) + "ies";
  if (ewic(s, "ss")) return s + "es";
  if (ewic(s, "s")) return s;
  return s + "s";
}
static String shortenClassName(String name) {
  if (name == null) return null;
  int i = lastIndexOf(name, "$");
  if (i < 0) i = lastIndexOf(name, ".");
  return i < 0 ? name : substring(name, i+1);
}
static volatile String caseID_caseID;

static String caseID() { return caseID_caseID; }

static void caseID(String id) {
  caseID_caseID = id;
}
static Map<String, String> singular_specials = litmap(
  "children", "child", "images", "image", "chess", "chess");
  
static Set<String> singular_specials2 = litset("time", "machine");

static String singular(String s) {
  if (s == null) return null;
  { String _a_87 = singular_specials.get(s); if (!empty(_a_87)) return _a_87; }
  if (singular_specials2.contains(dropSuffix("s", s)))
    return dropSuffix("s", s);
  if (s.endsWith("ness")) return s;
  if (s.endsWith("ges")) return dropSuffix("s", s);
  s = dropSuffix("es", s);
  s = dropSuffix("s", s);
  return s;
}
static List collectField(Collection c, String field) {
  List l = new ArrayList();
  for (Object a : c)
    l.add(getOpt(a, field));
  return l;
}
static boolean sameSnippetID(String a, String b) {
  if (!isSnippetID(a) || !isSnippetID(b)) return false;
  return parseSnippetID(a) == parseSnippetID(b);
}
static long parseLong(String s) {
  if (s == null) return 0;
  return Long.parseLong(dropSuffix("L", s));
}

static long parseLong(Object s) {
  return Long.parseLong((String) s);
}
static Class<?> getClass(String name) {
  try {
    return Class.forName(name);
  } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
    return null;
  }
}

static Class getClass(Object o) {
  return o instanceof Class ? (Class) o : o.getClass();
}

static Class getClass(Object realm, String name) { try {
  try {
    return getClass(realm).getClassLoader().loadClass(classNameToVM(name));
  } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
    return null;
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
static String classNameToVM(String name) {
  return name.replace(".", "$");
}
static <A> ArrayList<A> list(A[] a) {
  return asList(a);
}

static ArrayList<Integer> list(int[] a) {
  return asList(a);
}

static <A> ArrayList<A> list(Set<A> s) {
  return asList(s);
}
static File javaxDataDir_dir; // can be set to work on different base dir

static File javaxDataDir() {
  return javaxDataDir_dir != null ? javaxDataDir_dir : new File(userHome(), "JavaX-Data");
}
static Object callOpt(Object o) {
  if (o == null) return null;
  return callF(o);
}

static Object callOpt(Object o, String method, Object... args) {
  try {
    if (o == null) return null;
    if (o instanceof Class) {
      Method m = callOpt_findStaticMethod((Class) o, method, args, false);
      if (m == null) return null;
      m.setAccessible(true);
      return m.invoke(null, args);
    } else {
      Method m = callOpt_findMethod(o, method, args, false);
      if (m == null) return null;
      m.setAccessible(true);
      return m.invoke(o, args);
    }
  } catch (Exception e) {
    //fail(e.getMessage() + " | Method: " + method + ", receiver: " + className(o) + ", args: (" + join(", ", map(f className, args) + ")");
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static Method callOpt_findStaticMethod(Class c, String method, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
  Class _c = c;
  while (c != null) {
    for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods()) {
      if (debug)
        System.out.println("Checking method " + m.getName() + " with " + m.getParameterTypes().length + " parameters");;
      if (!m.getName().equals(method)) {
        if (debug) System.out.println("Method name mismatch: " + method);
        continue;
      }

      if ((m.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0 || !callOpt_checkArgs(m, args, debug))
        continue;

      return m;
    }
    c = c.getSuperclass();
  }
  return null;
}

static Method callOpt_findMethod(Object o, String method, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
  Class c = o.getClass();
  while (c != null) {
    for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods()) {
      if (debug)
        System.out.println("Checking method " + m.getName() + " with " + m.getParameterTypes().length + " parameters");;
      if (m.getName().equals(method) && callOpt_checkArgs(m, args, debug))
        return m;
    }
    c = c.getSuperclass();
  }
  return null;
}

private static boolean callOpt_checkArgs(Method m, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
  Class<?>[] types = m.getParameterTypes();
  if (types.length != args.length) {
    if (debug)
      System.out.println("Bad parameter length: " + args.length + " vs " + types.length);
    return false;
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++)
    if (!(args[i] == null || isInstanceX(types[i], args[i]))) {
      if (debug)
        System.out.println("Bad parameter " + i + ": " + args[i] + " vs " + types[i]);
      return false;
    }
  return true;
}


static final WeakHashMap<Class, HashMap<String, Field>> getOpt_cache = new WeakHashMap();
static final HashMap getOpt_special = new HashMap(); // just a marker

static {
  getOpt_cache.put(Class.class, getOpt_special);
  getOpt_cache.put(String.class, getOpt_special);
}

static Object getOpt_cached(Object o, String field) { try {
  if (o == null) return null;

  Class c = o.getClass();
  HashMap<String, Field> map;
  synchronized(getOpt_cache) {
    map = getOpt_cache.get(c);
    if (map == null)
      map = getOpt_makeCache(c);
  }
  
  if (map == getOpt_special) {
    if (o instanceof Class)
      return getOpt((Class) o, field);
    /*if (o instanceof S)
      ret getOpt(getBot((S) o), field);*/
    if (o instanceof Map)
      return ((Map) o).get(field);
  }
    
  Field f = map.get(field);
  if (f != null) return f.get(o);
  
    if (o instanceof DynamicObject)
      return ((DynamicObject) o).fieldValues.get(field);
  
  return null;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

// used internally - we are in synchronized block
static HashMap<String, Field> getOpt_makeCache(Class c) {
  HashMap<String, Field> map;
  if (isSubtypeOf(c, Map.class))
    map = getOpt_special;
  else {
    map = new HashMap();
    Class _c = c;
    do {
      for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields()) {
        f.setAccessible(true);
        String name = f.getName();
        if (!map.containsKey(name))
          map.put(name, f);
      }
      _c = _c.getSuperclass();
    } while (_c != null);
  }
  getOpt_cache.put(c, map);
  return map;
}
static String programID() {
  return getProgramID();
}
static File userDir() {
  return new File(userHome());
}

static File userDir(String path) {
  return new File(userHome(), path);
}


static <A> HashSet<A> litset(A... items) {
  return lithashset(items);
}
static String replacePrefix(String prefix, String replacement, String s) {
  if (!startsWith(s, prefix)) return s;
  return replacement + substring(s, l(prefix));
}
static String dropSuffixIgnoreCase(String suffix, String s) {
  return ewic(s, suffix) ? s.substring(0, l(s)-l(suffix)) : s;
}
static Throwable getInnerException(Throwable e) {
  while (e.getCause() != null)
    e = e.getCause();
  return e;
}
static boolean containsIgnoreCase(List<String> l, String s) {
  for (String x : l)
    if (eqic(x, s))
      return true;
  return false;
}

static boolean containsIgnoreCase(String[] l, String s) {
  for (String x : l)
    if (eqic(x, s))
      return true;
  return false;
}

static boolean containsIgnoreCase(String s, char c) {
  return indexOfIgnoreCase(s, String.valueOf(c)) >= 0;
}

static boolean containsIgnoreCase(String a, String b) {
  return indexOfIgnoreCase(a, b) >= 0;
}
static int lastIndexOf(String a, String b) {
  return a == null || b == null ? -1 : a.lastIndexOf(b);
}
static Map litmap(Object... x) {
  HashMap map = new HashMap();
  litmap_impl(map, x);
  return map;
}

static void litmap_impl(Map map, Object... x) {
  for (int i = 0; i < x.length-1; i += 2)
    if (x[i+1] != null)
      map.put(x[i], x[i+1]);
}
static boolean isSubtypeOf(Class a, Class b) {
  return b.isAssignableFrom(a); // << always hated that method, let's replace it!
}
static boolean ewic(String a, String b) {
  return endsWithIgnoreCase(a, b);
}
static <A> List<A> ll(A... a) {
  return litlist(a);
}
static String dropSuffix(String suffix, String s) {
  return s.endsWith(suffix) ? s.substring(0, l(s)-l(suffix)) : s;
}


static <A> HashSet<A> lithashset(A... items) {
  HashSet<A> set = new HashSet();
  for (A a : items) set.add(a);
  return set;
}
static boolean eqic(String a, String b) {
  if ((a == null) != (b == null)) return false;
  if (a == null) return true;
  return a.equalsIgnoreCase(b);
}
static boolean endsWithIgnoreCase(String a, String b) {
  return a != null && l(a) >= l(b) && a.regionMatches(true, l(a)-l(b), b, 0, l(b));
}
static <A> ArrayList<A> litlist(A... a) {
  return new ArrayList<A>(Arrays.asList(a));
}
// works on lists and strings and null

static int indexOfIgnoreCase(Object a, Object b) {
  if (a == null) return -1;
  if (a instanceof String) {
     Matcher m = Pattern.compile((String) b, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE + Pattern.LITERAL).matcher((String) a);
     if (m.find()) return m.start(); else return -1;
  }
  if (a instanceof List) {
    for (int i = 0; i < ((List) a).size(); i++) {
      Object o = ((List) a).get(i);
      if (o != null && ((String) o).equalsIgnoreCase((String) b))
        return i;
    }
    return -1;
  }
  throw fail("Unknown type: " + a);
}


// Should only have one per Concepts because of add logs
static class PersistentLister extends Concept implements ILister {
  static String _fieldOrder = "lists treeMaps hashMaps treeSets vars nonSaving name name";
  HashMap<String,List> lists = new HashMap();
  HashMap<String,Map> treeMaps = new HashMap();
  HashMap<String,Map> hashMaps = new HashMap();
  HashMap<String,Set> treeSets = new HashMap();
  HashMap<String,IVar> vars = new HashMap();
  transient boolean nonSaving;

  public List getList(String name) {
    return getList(name, ll());
  }
  
  public synchronized List getList(String name, List defaultList) {
    List l = lists.get(name);
    if (l == null) {
      lists.put(name, l = listInConcept(this, cloneList(defaultList)));
      change();
    }
    return l;
  }
  
  public synchronized IVar getVar(String name, Object defaultValue) {
    IVar v = vars.get(name);
    if (v == null) {
      vars.put(name, v = varInConcept(this, new Var()));
      change();
    }
    if (!v.has() && defaultValue != null)
      v.set(defaultValue);
    return v;
  }
  
  public synchronized Map getTreeMap(String name) {
    Map m = treeMaps.get(name);
    if (m == null) {
      treeMaps.put(name, m = mapInConcept(this, new TreeMap()));
      change();
    }
    if (getOpt_raw(m, "m") == null)
     throw fail("map not sane: " + className(m) + " " + struct(m));
    return m;
  }
  
  public synchronized Map getHashMap(String name) {
    Map m = hashMaps.get(name);
    if (m == null) {
      hashMaps.put(name, m = mapInConcept(this, new HashMap()));
      change();
    }
    applyPersistentMapLogFile(_concepts.programID, name, m, !nonSaving);
    if (getOpt_raw(m, "m") == null)
     throw fail("map not sane: " + className(m) + " " + struct(m));
    return m;
  }
  
  public synchronized Set getTreeSet(String name) {
    Set m = treeSets.get(name);
    if (m == null) {
      treeSets.put(name, m = setInConcept(this, new TreeSet()));
      change();
    }
    return m;
  }  
}

static abstract class F0<A> {
  abstract A get();
}

static abstract class F1<A, B> {
  abstract B get(A a);
}

static class AutoSegmenter {
  int g = 3;
  List<Rect> clips;
  boolean[] grid;
  int gw, gh;
  boolean diag; // merge diagonally too
  BWImage img;
  // contrastMethod2 = look at local contrast regardless of absolute brightness
  boolean contrastMethod2 = true, blackBG;
  float contrastThreshold = 0.5f, brightnessThreshold = 0.5f;
  int overlap = 1;
  
  AutoSegmenter() {}
  AutoSegmenter(int g) {
  this.g = g;}

  List<Rect> go(RGBImage img) { return go(new BWImage(img)); }
  
  List<Rect> go(BWImage img) {
    this.img = img;
    int w = img.getWidth(), h = img.getHeight();
    gw = w/g;
    gh = h/g; // width & height of grid
    
    step1();
  
    List<String> result = new ArrayList();
    clips = new ArrayList();
  
    for (int y = 0; y < gh; y++)
      for (int x = 0; x < gw; x++)
        if (grid[y*gw+x]) {
          Rect r = fill(x, y);
          r = scaleRect(r, g);
          r = blackBG
            ? autoCropOfBWImage_blackBG(img, r, brightnessThreshold)
            : autoCropOfBWImage(img, r, brightnessThreshold);
          clips.add(r);
        }
      
    return clips;
  }
  
  void step1() {
    int w = img.getWidth(), h = img.getHeight();
    grid = new boolean[gw*gh];
  
    for (int gy = 0; gy <= h- g; gy += g)
      next: for (int gx = 0; gx <= w- g; gx += g) {
        float min = 1, max = 0;
        int y2 = min(h, gy + g + overlap);
        int x2 = min(w, gx + g + overlap);
        for (int y = gy; y < y2; y++)
          for (int x = gx; x < x2; x++) {
            float b = img.getPixel(x, y);
            min = Math.min(min, b);
            max = Math.max(max, b);
            if (contrastMethod2
              ? max-min >= contrastThreshold
              : min < brightnessThreshold && max > brightnessThreshold) {
              grid[(gy / g) * gw + (gx / g)] = true;
              continue next;
            }
          }
      }
  }

  // with virtual stack
  Rect fill(int x, int y) {
    Rect r = null;
    List<Pt> stack = new ArrayList();
    stack.add(new Pt(x, y));
    while (nempty(stack)) {
      Pt p = popLast(stack);
      x = p.x;
      y = p.y;

      if (!(x < 0 || y < 0 || x >= gw || y >= gh)) {
        int idx = y*gw+x;
        
        if (grid[idx]) {
          grid[idx] = false;
          Rect me = new Rect(x, y, 1, 1);
          if (r == null)
            r = me;
          else
            r = rectUnion(r, me);

          stack.add(new Pt(x-1, y));
          stack.add(new Pt(x+1, y));
          stack.add(new Pt(x, y-1));
          stack.add(new Pt(x, y+1));
        }
      }
    }
    return r;
  }

  BWImage visualizeGrid() {
    step1();
    BWImage im = new BWImage(img);
    for (int y = 0; y < gh; y++)
      for (int x = 0; x < gw; x++) {
        if (grid[y*gw+x]) continue;
        darkenBWImagePart(im, new Rect(x*g, y*g, g, g));
      }
    return im;
  }
}

static class MouseMover {
  Pt cur, last;
  Robot robot;
  java.util.Timer timer;
  int interferenceMinDistance = 100;
  int mouseCheckInterval = 50;
  int blockTimeAfterInterference = 5000; // ms
  boolean endAfterInterference = true;
  volatile boolean interference;
  long blockUntil;
  
  synchronized boolean enabled() { return timer != null; }
  synchronized boolean hasInterference() { return interference; }
  
  synchronized MouseMover enable() { try {
    if (robot == null) robot = new Robot();
    if (timer == null) {
      interference = false;
      cur = new Pt(mouseLocation());
      timer = new java.util.Timer("MouseMover");
      timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask() {
        public void run() {
          checkMouse();
        }
      }, mouseCheckInterval, mouseCheckInterval);
      print("Mouse automation started");
    }
    return this;
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  boolean farAway(Pt a, Pt b) {
    return pointDistance(a, b) >= interferenceMinDistance;
  }
  
  synchronized void checkMouse() {
    if (!enabled()) return;
    Pt p = new Pt(mouseLocation());
    if (farAway(p, cur) && neq(p, last)) {
      interference = true;
      if (endAfterInterference) {
        print("Mouse interference detected, stopping automation");
        disable();
      } else {
        boolean blockedAlready = blocked();
        blockUntil = now()+blockTimeAfterInterference;
        if (!blockedAlready)
          print("Mouse automation blocked for at least " + blockTimeAfterInterference + " ms");
        cur = new Pt(mouseLocation());
      }
    }
  }
  
  synchronized void disable() {
    if (timer != null) {
      timer.cancel();
      timer = null;
      if (!interference)
        print("Mouse automation ended without interference");
    }
  }
  
  synchronized void moveMouseImmediate(Pt p) {
    checkMouse();
    if (!enabled() || blocked()) return;
    p = normalizePointToScreen(p);
    if (neq(cur, p)) {
      if (neq(new Pt(mouseLocation()), last))
        last = cur;
      cur = p;
      robot.mouseMove(p.x, p.y);
    }
  }
  
  synchronized boolean blocked() {
    if (!enabled() || blockUntil == 0) return false;
    if (now() < blockUntil) return true;
    blockUntil = 0;
    cur = new Pt(mouseLocation());
    print("Mouse automation resumes");
    return false;
  }
  
  void moveMouse(Pt pdest) {
    Point p = getMouseLocation();
    //int steps = 20, delay = 40; // slow
    //int steps = 20, delay = 20; // fast
    int steps = 20, delay = 30; // medium
    for (int i = 1; i <= steps; i++) {
      Point p2 = blendPoints(p, pdest.getPoint(), ((double) i) / steps);
      moveMouseImmediate(new Pt(p2));
      if (i != steps)
        sleep(delay);
    }
  }
  
  void click() {
    if (enabled() && !hasInterference())
      mouseClick();
  }
  
  void click(Pt p) {
    moveMouse(p);
    click();
  }
  
  void click(int x, int y) {
    click(new Pt(x, y));
  }
}

static class Pt {
  int x, y;
  
  Pt() {}
  Pt(Point p) {
    x = p.x;
    y = p.y;
  }
  Pt(int x, int y) {
  this.y = y;
  this.x = x;}
  
  Point getPoint() {
    return new Point(x, y);
  }
  
  public boolean equals(Object o) { return stdEq2(this, o); }
public int hashCode() { return stdHash2(this); }
  
  public String toString() {
    return x + ", " + y;
  }
}

static class Rect {
  int x, y, w, h;
  
  Rect() {}
  Rect(Rectangle r) {
    x = r.x;
    y = r.y;
    w = r.width;
    h = r.height;
  }
  Rect(int x, int y, int w, int h) {
  this.h = h;
  this.w = w;
  this.y = y;
  this.x = x;}
  
  Rectangle getRectangle() {
    return new Rectangle(x, y, w, h);
  }
  
  public boolean equals(Object o) { return stdEq2(this, o); }
public int hashCode() { return stdHash2(this); }
  
  public String toString() {
    return x + "," + y + " / " + w + "," + h;
  }
  
  int x2() { return x + w; }
  int y2() { return y + h; }
  
  boolean contains(Pt p) {
    return contains(p.x, p.y);
  }
  
  boolean contains(int _x, int _y) {
    return _x >= x && _y >= y && _x < x+w && _y < y+h;
  }
  
  boolean empty() { return w <= 0 || h <= 0; }
}

static ThreadLocal<Boolean> DynamicObject_loading = new ThreadLocal();

static class DynamicObject {
  String className; // just the name, without the "main$"
  LinkedHashMap<String,Object> fieldValues = new LinkedHashMap();
  
  DynamicObject() {}
  // className = just the name, without the "main$"
  DynamicObject(String className) {
  this.className = className;}
}

static class BWImage {
  private int width, height;
  private BWImageSimpleStorage storage;

  // color returned when getPixel is called with a position outside the actual image
  private float borderColor = 0.0f;
  
  // for unstructure()
  BWImage() {}

  // BLACK! [Inefficient...]
  public BWImage(int width, int height) {
    this.width = width;
    this.height = height;
    byte[] bytePixels = new byte[width*height];
    storage = makeStorage(width, height, bytePixels);
  }

  public BWImage(int width, int height, float[] pixels) {
    this.width = width;
    this.height = height;
    byte[] bytePixels = new byte[pixels.length];
    for (int i = 0; i < pixels.length; i++)
      bytePixels[i] = toByte(pixels[i]);
    storage = makeStorage(width, height, bytePixels);
  }

  private BWImageSimpleStorage makeStorage(int width, int height, byte[] bytePixels) {
    return new BWImageSimpleStorage(width, height, bytePixels);
  }

  public BWImage(int width, int height, byte[] pixels) {
    this.height = height;
    this.width = width;
    storage = makeStorage(width, height, pixels);
  }

  public BWImage(BWImage image) {
    width = image.getWidth();
    height = image.getHeight();
    byte[] bytePixels = new byte[width*height];
    for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
      for (int x = 0; x < width; x++)
        bytePixels[y*width+x] = image.getByte(x, y);
    storage = makeStorage(width, height, bytePixels);
  }

  public BWImage(RGBImage image) {
    width = image.getWidth();
    height = image.getHeight();
    byte[] result = new byte[height*width];
    for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
      for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
        RGB rgb = image.getRGB(x, y);
        result[y*width+x] = BWImage.toByte(rgb.getBrightness());
      }
    storage = makeStorage(width, height, result);
  }

  /*public BWImage(BufferedImage image) {
    this(new RGBImage(image));
  }*/

  BWImage(BufferedImage image) { try {
 width = image.getWidth();
    height = image.getHeight();
    int[] pixels = new int[width*height];
    byte[] bytePixels = new byte[width*height];
    PixelGrabber pixelGrabber = new PixelGrabber(image, 0, 0, width, height, pixels, 0, width);
    if (!pixelGrabber.grabPixels())
      throw fail("Could not grab pixels");
    int n = width*height;
    
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      //bytePixels[i] = pixelToByte(pixels[i]);
      int packed = pixels[i];
      float r = ((packed >> 16) & 0xFF)/255f;
      float g = ((packed >> 8) & 0xFF)/255f;
      float b = (packed & 0xFF)/255f;
      bytePixels[i] = (byte) ((r+g+b)/3.0f*255f);
    }
    storage = makeStorage(width, height, bytePixels);
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  // TODO: does it exactly match the other method? (asRGB+getBrightness+toByte)
  static byte pixelToByte(int packed) {
    /*int r = (packed >> 16) & 0xFF;
    int g = (packed >> 8) & 0xFF;
    int b = packed & 0xFF;
    ret (byte) ((r+g+b)/3.0f);*/
    float r = ((packed >> 16) & 0xFF)/255f;
    float g = ((packed >> 8) & 0xFF)/255f;
    float b = (packed & 0xFF)/255f;
    return (byte) ((r+g+b)/3.0f*255f);
  }

  public byte getByte(int x, int y) {
    return inRange(x, y) ? storage.getByte(x,y ) : toByte(borderColor);
  }

  public BWImage(int width, int height, float brightness) {
    this.width = width;
    this.height = height;
    byte b = toByte(brightness);
    byte[] pixels = new byte[width*height];
    for (int i = 0; i < pixels.length; i++)
      pixels[i] = b;
    storage = makeStorage(width, height, pixels);
  }

  public double averageBrightness() {
    double sum = 0;
    for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
      for (int x = 0; x < width; x++)
        sum += getPixel(x, y);
    return (sum/(double) (height*width));
  }

  public float minimumBrightness() {
    float min = 1;
    for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
      for (int x = 0; x < width; x++)
        min = Math.min(min, getPixel(x, y));
    return min;
  }

  public float maximumBrightness() {
    float max = 0;
    for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
      for (int x = 0; x < width; x++)
        max = Math.max(max, getPixel(x, y));
    return max;
  }

  float getPixel(int x, int y) {
    return inRange(x, y) ? toFloat(storage.getByte(x,y )) : borderColor;
  }
  
  float getPixel(Pt p) { return getPixel(p.x, p.y); }

  public static byte toByte(float pixel) {
    return (byte) (pixel*255f);
  }

  public static float toFloat(byte pixel) {
    return (((int) pixel) & 255)/255f;
  }

  private boolean inRange(int x, int y) {
    return x >= 0 && x < width && y >= 0 && y < height;
  }

  public int getWidth() { return width; }
  int w() { return width; }

  public int getHeight() { return height; }
  int h() { return height; }

  public RGBImage toRGB() {
    RGB[] rgbs = new RGB[width*height];
    for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
      for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
        float p = getPixel(x, y);
        rgbs[y*width+x] = new RGB(p, p, p);
      }
    return new RGBImage(width, height, rgbs);
  }

  public BWImage clip(int x, int y, int w, int h) {
    return clip(new Rectangle(x, y, w, h));
  }

  private Rectangle fixClipRect(Rectangle r) {
    return r.intersection(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height));
  }

  BWImage clip(Rect r) {
    return clip(r.getRectangle());
  }
  
  /** this should be multithread-safe */
  public BWImage clip(Rectangle r) {
    r = fixClipRect(r);
    byte[] newPixels = new byte[r.height*r.width];
    for (int y = 0; y < r.height; y++)
      for (int x = 0; x < r.width; x++)
        newPixels[y*r.width+x] = getByte(r.x+x, r.y+y);
    return new BWImage(r.width, r.height, newPixels);
  }

  public void setPixel(int x, int y, float brightness) {
    storage.setByte(x, y, toByte(fixPixel(brightness)));
  }

  public void setByte(int x, int y, int brightness) {
    storage.setByte(x, y, (byte) brightness);
  }

  private float fixPixel(float pixel) {
    return Math.max(0, Math.min(1, pixel));
  }

  public float getBorderColor() {
    return borderColor;
  }

  public void setBorderColor(float borderColor) {
    this.borderColor = borderColor;
  }

  public boolean anyPixelBrighterThan(double threshold) {
    for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
      for (int x = 0; x < width; x++)
        if (getPixel(x, y) > threshold)
          return true;
    return false;
  }
  
  BufferedImage getBufferedImage() {
    //ret toRGB().getBufferedImage();
    
    BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
    for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
      for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
        int b = ((int) getByte(x, y) & 0xFF);
        bufferedImage.setRGB(x, y, b*0x010101);
      }
    return bufferedImage; 
  }
  
  byte[] getBytes() {
    return storage.pixels;
  }
}

static class BWImageSimpleStorage {
  int width, height;
  byte[] pixels;
  
  // for unstructure()
  BWImageSimpleStorage() {}

  public BWImageSimpleStorage(int width, int height, byte[] pixels) {
    this.width = width;
    this.height = height;
    this.pixels = pixels;
  }

  public void setByte(int x, int y, byte b) {
    pixels[y*width+x] = b;
  }

  public byte getByte(int x, int y) {
    return pixels[y*width+x];
  }
}

static class Var<A> implements IVar<A> {
  A v; // you can access this directly if you use one thread
  
  Var() {}
  Var(A v) {
  this.v = v;}
  
  public synchronized void set(A a) {
    if (v != a) {
      v = a;
      notifyAll();
    }
  }
  
  public synchronized A get() { return v; }
  public synchronized boolean has() { return v != null; }
  public synchronized void clear() { v = null; }
  
  public String toString() { return str(get()); }
}

static class MultiMap<A,B> {
  Map<A, List<B>> data = new HashMap<A, List<B>>();
  
  MultiMap() {}
  MultiMap(boolean useTreeMap) { if (useTreeMap) data = new TreeMap(); }
  MultiMap(MultiMap<A, B> map) { putAll(map); }

  synchronized void put(A key, B value) {
    List<B> list = data.get(key);
    if (list == null)
      data.put(key, list = new ArrayList<B>());
    list.add(value);
  }

  synchronized void addAll(A key, Collection<B> values) {
    putAll(key, values);
  }
  
  synchronized void addAllIfNotThere(A key, Collection<B> values) {
    for (B value : values)
      setPut(key, value);
  }
  
  synchronized void setPut(A key, B value) {
    if (!containsPair(key, value))
      put(key, value);
  }
  
  synchronized boolean containsPair(A key, B value) {
    return get(key).contains(value);
  }
  
  synchronized void putAll(A key, Collection<B> values) {
    for (B value : values)
      put(key, value);
  }

  synchronized void removeAll(A key, Collection<B> values) {
    for (B value : values)
      remove(key, value);
  }
  
  synchronized List<B> get(A key) {
    List<B> list = data.get(key);
    return list == null ? Collections.<B> emptyList() : list;
  }

  // returns actual mutable live list
  // creates the list if not there
  synchronized List<B> getActual(A key) {
    List<B> list = data.get(key);
    if (list == null)
      data.put(key, list = smallEmptyList());
    return list;
  }
 
  synchronized void clean(A key) {
    List<B> list = data.get(key);
    if (list != null && list.isEmpty())
      data.remove(key);
  }

  synchronized Set<A> keySet() {
    return data.keySet();
  }

  synchronized Set<A> keys() {
    return data.keySet();
  }

  synchronized void remove(A key) {
    data.remove(key);
  }

  synchronized void remove(A key, B value) {
    List<B> list = data.get(key);
    if (list != null) {
      list.remove(value);
      if (list.isEmpty())
        data.remove(key);
    }
  }

  synchronized void clear() {
    data.clear();
  }

  synchronized boolean containsKey(A key) {
    return data.containsKey(key);
  }

  synchronized B getFirst(A key) {
    List<B> list = get(key);
    return list.isEmpty() ? null : list.get(0);
  }
  
  synchronized void putAll(MultiMap<A, B> map) {
    for (A key : map.keySet())
      putAll(key, map.get(key));
  }
  
  // note: expensive operation
  synchronized int size() {
    int n = 0;
    for (List l : data.values())
      n += l(l);
    return n;
  }
  
  // expensive operation
  synchronized List<A> reverseGet(B b) {
    List<A> l = new ArrayList();
    for (A key : data.keySet())
      if (data.get(key).contains(b))
        l.add(key);
    return l;
  }
  
  synchronized Map<A, List<B>> asMap() {
    return cloneMap(data);
  }
  
  boolean isEmpty() { return data.isEmpty(); }
}

static class RGB {
  public float r, g, b; // can't be final cause persistence
  
  RGB() {}
  
  public RGB(float r, float g, float b) {
    this.r = r;
    this.g = g;
    this.b = b;
  }

  public RGB(double r, double g, double b) {
    this.r = (float) r;
    this.g = (float) g;
    this.b = (float) b;
  }

  public RGB(int rgb) {
    this(new Color(rgb));
  }
  
  public RGB(double brightness) {
    this.r = this.g = this.b = max(0f, min(1f, (float) brightness));
  }

  public RGB(Color color) {
    this.r = color.getRed()/255f;
    this.g = color.getGreen()/255f;
    this.b = color.getBlue()/255f;
  }

  public RGB(String hex) {
    r = Integer.parseInt(hex.substring(0, 2), 16)/255f;
    g = Integer.parseInt(hex.substring(2, 4), 16)/255f;
    b = Integer.parseInt(hex.substring(4, 6), 16)/255f;
  }

  public float getComponent(int i) {
    return i == 0 ? r : i == 1 ? g : b;
  }

  public Color getColor() {
    return new Color(r, g, b);
  }

  public static RGB newSafe(float r, float g, float b) {
    return new RGB(Math.max(0, Math.min(1, r)), Math.max(0, Math.min(1, g)), Math.max(0, Math.min(1, b)));
  }

  int asInt() { return getColor().getRGB() & 0xFFFFFF; }
  int getInt() { return getColor().getRGB() & 0xFFFFFF; }

  public float getBrightness() {
    return (r+g+b)/3.0f;
  }

  public String getHexString() {
    return Integer.toHexString(asInt() | 0xFF000000).substring(2).toUpperCase();
  }

  @Override
  public boolean equals(Object o) {
    if (this == o) return true;
    if (!(o instanceof RGB)) return false;

    RGB rgb = (RGB) o;

    if (Float.compare(rgb.b, b) != 0) return false;
    if (Float.compare(rgb.g, g) != 0) return false;
    if (Float.compare(rgb.r, r) != 0) return false;

    return true;
  }

  @Override
  public int hashCode() {
    int result = (r != +0.0f ? Float.floatToIntBits(r) : 0);
    result = 31 * result + (g != +0.0f ? Float.floatToIntBits(g) : 0);
    result = 31 * result + (b != +0.0f ? Float.floatToIntBits(b) : 0);
    return result;
  }

  public boolean isBlack() {
    return r == 0f && g == 0f && b == 0f;
  }

  public boolean isWhite() {
    return r == 1f && g == 1f && b == 1f;
  }

  public String toString() {
    return getHexString();
  }
}

static class RGBImage {
  transient BufferedImage bufferedImage;
  File file;
  int width, height;
  int[] pixels;

  RGBImage() {}

  RGBImage(BufferedImage image) {
    this(image, null);
  }

  RGBImage(BufferedImage image, File file) {
    this.file = file;
    bufferedImage = image;
    width = image.getWidth();
    height = image.getHeight();
    pixels = new int[width*height];
    PixelGrabber pixelGrabber = new PixelGrabber(image, 0, 0, width, height, pixels, 0, width);
    try {
      if (!pixelGrabber.grabPixels())
        throw new RuntimeException("Could not grab pixels");
      cleanPixels(); // set upper byte to 0
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

  /** We assume it's a file name to load from */
  RGBImage(String file) throws IOException {
    this(new File(file));
  }

  RGBImage(Dimension size, Color color) {
    this(size.width, size.height, color);
  }

  RGBImage(Dimension size, RGB color) {
    this(size.width, size.height, color);
  }

  private void cleanPixels() {
    for (int i = 0; i < pixels.length; i++)
      pixels[i] &= 0xFFFFFF;
  }

  RGBImage(int width, int height, int[] pixels) {
    this.width = width;
    this.height = height;
    this.pixels = pixels;
  }

  RGBImage(int w, int h, RGB[] pixels) {
    this.width = w;
    this.height = h;
    this.pixels = asInts(pixels);
  }

  public static int[] asInts(RGB[] pixels) {
    int[] ints = new int[pixels.length];
    for (int i = 0; i < pixels.length; i++)
      ints[i] = pixels[i] == null ? 0 : pixels[i].getColor().getRGB();
    return ints;
  }

  public RGBImage(int w, int h) {
    this(w, h, Color.black);
  }
  
  RGBImage(int w, int h, RGB rgb) {
    this.width = w;
    this.height = h;
    this.pixels = new int[w*h];
    int col = rgb.asInt();
    if (col != 0)
      for (int i = 0; i < pixels.length; i++)
        pixels[i] = col;
  }

  RGBImage(RGBImage image) {
    this(image.width, image.height, copyPixels(image.pixels));
  }

  RGBImage(int width, int height, Color color) {
    this(width, height, new RGB(color));
  }

  RGBImage(File file) throws IOException {
    this(javax.imageio.ImageIO.read(file));
  }

  private static int[] copyPixels(int[] pixels) {
    int[] copy = new int[pixels.length];
    System.arraycopy(pixels, 0, copy, 0, pixels.length);
    return copy;
  }

  public int getIntPixel(int x, int y) {
    if (inRange(x, y))
      return pixels[y * width + x];
    else
      return 0xFFFFFF;
  }

  public static RGB asRGB(int packed) {
    int r = (packed >> 16) & 0xFF;
    int g = (packed >> 8) & 0xFF;
    int b = packed & 0xFF;
    return new RGB(r / 255f, g / 255f, b / 255f);
  }

  public RGB getRGB(int x, int y) {
    if (inRange(x, y))
      return asRGB(pixels[y * width + x]);
    else
      return new RGB(0xFFFFFF);
  }

  /** alias of getRGB - I kept typing getPixel instead of getRGB all the time, so I finally created it */
  RGB getPixel(int x, int y) {
    return getRGB(x, y);
  }
  
  RGB getPixel(Pt p) { return getPixel(p.x, p.y); }

  int getWidth() { return width; }
  int getHeight() { return height; }
  int w() { return width; }
  int h() { return height; }

  /** Attention: cached, i.e. does not change when image itself changes */
  /** @NotNull */
  public BufferedImage getBufferedImage() {
    if (bufferedImage == null) {
      bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
      //bufferedImage.setData(Raster.createRaster(new SampleModel()));
      for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
        for (int x = 0; x < width; x++)
          bufferedImage.setRGB(x, y, pixels[y*width+x]);
    }
    return bufferedImage;
  }

  RGBImage clip(Rect r) {
    return r == null ? null : clip(r.getRectangle());
  }
  
  RGBImage clip(Rectangle r) {
    r = fixClipRect(r);
    int[] newPixels;
    try {
      newPixels = new int[r.width*r.height];
    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
      System.out.println(r);
      throw e;
    }
    for (int y = 0; y < r.height; y++) {
      System.arraycopy(pixels, (y+r.y)*width+r.x, newPixels, y*r.width, r.width);
    }
    return new RGBImage(r.width, r.height, newPixels);
  }

  private Rectangle fixClipRect(Rectangle r) {
    r = r.intersection(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height));
    if (r.isEmpty())
      r = new Rectangle(r.x, r.y, 0, 0);
    return r;
  }

  public File getFile() {
    return file;
  }

  /** can now also do GIF (not just JPEG) */
  public static RGBImage load(String fileName) {
    return load(new File(fileName));
  }

  /** can now also do GIF (not just JPEG) */
  public static RGBImage load(File file) {
    try {
      BufferedImage bufferedImage = javax.imageio.ImageIO.read(file);
      return new RGBImage(bufferedImage);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

  public int getInt(int x, int y) {
    return pixels[y * width + x];
  }

  public void save(File file) throws IOException {
    String name = file.getName().toLowerCase();
    String type;
    if (name.endsWith(".png")) type = "png";
    else if (name.endsWith(".jpg") || name.endsWith(".jpeg")) type = "jpeg";
    else throw new IOException("Unknown image extension: " + name);
    javax.imageio.ImageIO.write(getBufferedImage(), type, file);
  }

  public static RGBImage dummyImage() {
    return new RGBImage(1, 1, new int[] {0xFFFFFF});
  }

  public int[] getPixels() {
    return pixels;
  }

  public void setPixel(int x, int y, RGB rgb) {
    if (x >= 0 && y >= 0 && x < width && y < height)
      pixels[y*width+x] = rgb.asInt();
  }

  public void setPixel(int x, int y, Color color) {
    setPixel(x, y, new RGB(color));
  }

  public void setPixel(int x, int y, int rgb) {
    if (x >= 0 && y >= 0 && x < width && y < height)
      pixels[y*width+x] = rgb;
  }
  
  void setPixel(Pt p, RGB rgb) { setPixel(p.x, p.y, rgb); }
  void setPixel(Pt p, Color color) { setPixel(p.x, p.y, color); }

  public RGBImage copy() {
    return new RGBImage(this);
  }

  public boolean inRange(int x, int y) {
    return x >= 0 && y >= 0 && x < width && y < height;
  }

  public Dimension getSize() {
    return new Dimension(width, height);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean equals(Object o) {
    if (this == o) return true;
    if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;

    RGBImage rgbImage = (RGBImage) o;

    if (height != rgbImage.height) return false;
    if (width != rgbImage.width) return false;
    if (!Arrays.equals(pixels, rgbImage.pixels)) return false;

    return true;
  }

  @Override
  public int hashCode() {
    int result = width;
    result = 31 * result + height;
    result = 31 * result + Arrays.hashCode(pixels);
    return result;
  }

  public String getHex(int x, int y) {
    return getPixel(x, y).getHexString();
  }

  public RGBImage clip(int x, int y, int width, int height) {
    return clip(new Rectangle(x, y, width, height));
  }

  public RGBImage clipLine(int y) {
    return clip(0, y, width, 1);
  }

  public int numPixels() {
    return width*height;
  }
}




// A concept should be an object, not just a string.

// Functions that should always be there for child processes:
static int concepts_internStringsLongerThan = 10;

static ThreadLocal<Boolean> concepts_unlisted = new ThreadLocal();

static interface Derefable {
  Concept get();
}

static interface IConceptIndex {
  void update(Concept c); // also for adding
  void remove(Concept c);
}

static interface IFieldIndex<A extends Concept, Val> {
  List<A> getAll(Val val);
}

static class Concepts {
  Map<Long, Concept> concepts = synchroTreeMap();
  HashMap<Class,Object> perClassData = new HashMap();
  String programID; // set to "-" for non-persistent (possibly not implemented)
  long idCounter;
  volatile long changes, changesWritten;
  volatile java.util.Timer autoSaver;
  volatile boolean savingConcepts, dontSave;
  int autoSaveInterval = -1000; // 1 second + wait logic
  boolean useGZIP = true, quietSave;
  ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(true);
  ReentrantLock saverLock = new ReentrantLock(true);
  long lastSaveTook, lastSaveWas;
  float maxAutoSavePercentage = 10;
  List<IConceptIndex> conceptIndices;
  Map<Class<? extends Concept>, Map<String, IFieldIndex>> fieldIndices;
  List saveActions = synchroList();
  
  Concepts() {}
  Concepts(String programID) {
  this.programID = programID;}
  
  synchronized long internalID() {
    do {
      ++idCounter;
    } while (hasConcept(idCounter));
    return idCounter;
  }
  
  void initProgramID() {
    if (programID == null)
      programID = getDBProgramID();
  }
  
  // Now tries to load from bot first, then go to disk.
  Concepts load() {
    return load(false);
  }
  
  Concepts safeLoad() {
    return load(true);
  }
  
  Concepts load(boolean allDynamic) {
    initProgramID();
    if (tryToGrab(allDynamic)) return this;
    return loadFromDisk(allDynamic);
  }
  
  Concepts loadFromDisk() { return loadFromDisk(false); }
  
  Concepts loadFromDisk(boolean allDynamic) {
    clearConcepts();
    DynamicObject_loading.set(true);
    try {
      long time = now();
      Map<Long, Concept> _concepts = concepts; // empty map
      readLocally2_allDynamic.set(allDynamic);
      readLocally2(this, programID, "concepts");
      Map<Long, Concept> __concepts = concepts;
      concepts = _concepts;
      concepts.putAll(__concepts);
      int l = readLocally_stringLength;
      int tokrefs = unstructure_tokrefs;
      assignConceptsToUs();
      done("Loaded " + n(l(concepts), "concepts"), time);
      if (fileSize(getProgramFile(programID, "idCounter.structure")) != 0)
        readLocally2(this, programID, "idCounter");
      else
        calcIdCounter();
    } finally {
      DynamicObject_loading.set(null);
    }
    allChanged();
    return this;
  }
  
  Concepts loadConcepts() { return load(); }
  
  boolean tryToGrab(boolean allDynamic) {
    if (sameSnippetID(programID, getDBProgramID())) return false;
    RemoteDB db = connectToDBOpt(programID);
    try {
      if (db != null) {
        loadGrab(db.fullgrab(), allDynamic);
        return true;
      }
    } finally {
      if (db != null) db.close();
    }
    return false;
  }
  
  Concepts load(String grab) {
    return loadGrab(grab, false);
  }
  
  Concepts safeLoad(String grab) {
    return loadGrab(grab, true);
  }
  
  Concepts loadGrab(String grab, boolean allDynamic) {
    clearConcepts();
    DynamicObject_loading.set(true);
    try {
      Map<Long, Concept> map = (Map)
        (allDynamic ? safeUnstructure(grab) : unstructure(grab));
      concepts.putAll(map);
      assignConceptsToUs();
      for (long l : map.keySet())
        idCounter = max(idCounter, l);
    } finally {
      DynamicObject_loading.set(null);
    }
    allChanged();
    return this;
  }
  
  void assignConceptsToUs() {
    for (Concept c : values(concepts)) {
      c._concepts = this;
      callOpt_noArgs(c, "_doneLoading2");
    }
  }

  String progID() {
    return programID == null ? getDBProgramID() : programID;
  }
  
  Concept getConcept(String id) {
    return empty(id) ? null : getConcept(parseLong(id));
  }
  
  Concept getConcept(long id) {
    return (Concept) concepts.get((long) id);
  }
  
  Concept getConcept(RC ref) {
    return ref == null ? null : getConcept(ref.longID());
  }
  
  boolean hasConcept(long id) {
    return concepts.containsKey((long) id);
  }
  
  void deleteConcept(long id) {
    Concept c = getConcept(id);
    if (c == null)
      print("Concept " + id + " not found");
    else
      c.delete();
  }
  
  void calcIdCounter() {
    long id_ = 0;
    for (long id : keys(concepts))
      id_ = max(id_, id);
    idCounter = id_+1;
    saveLocally2(this, programID, "idCounter");
  }
  
  void saveConceptsIfDirty() { saveConcepts(); }
  void save() { saveConcepts(); }

  void saveConcepts() {
    if (dontSave) return;
    initProgramID();
    saverLock.lock();
    savingConcepts = true;
    long start = now(), time;
    try {
      String s = null;
      //synchronized(main.class) {
      long _changes = changes;
      if (_changes == changesWritten) return;
      
      File f = getProgramFile(programID, useGZIP ? "concepts.structure.gz" : "concepts.structure");
      
      lock.lock();
      long fullTime = now();
      try {
        saveLocally2(this, programID, "idCounter");
        
        if (useGZIP) {
          saveGZStructureToFile(f, cloneMap(concepts));
          getProgramFile(programID, "concepts.structure").delete();
        } else
          s = structure(cloneMap(concepts));
      } finally {
        lock.unlock();
      }
      
      while (nempty(saveActions))
        pcallF(popFirst(saveActions));

      changesWritten = _changes; // only update when structure didn't fail
      
      if (!useGZIP) {
        time = now()-start;
        if (!quietSave)
          print("Saving " + toM(l(s)) + "M chars (" /*+ changesWritten + ", "*/ + time + " ms)");
        start = now();
        saveTextFile(f, javaTokWordWrap(s));
        getProgramFile(programID, "concepts.structure.gz").delete();
      }
      
      copyFile(f, getProgramFile(programID, "concepts.structure" + (useGZIP ? ".gz" : "") + ".backup" + ymd() + "-" + formatInt(hours(), 2)));
      time = now()-start;
      if (!quietSave)
        print(programID + ": Saved " + toK(f.length()) + " K, " + n(concepts, "concepts") + " (" + time + " ms)");
      lastSaveWas = fullTime;
      lastSaveTook = now()-fullTime;
    } finally {
      savingConcepts = false;
      saverLock.unlock();
    }
  }
  
  void _autoSaveConcepts() {
    if (autoSaveInterval < 0 && maxAutoSavePercentage != 0) {
      long pivotTime = Math.round(lastSaveWas+lastSaveTook*100.0/maxAutoSavePercentage);
      if (now() < pivotTime) {
        //print("Skipping auto-save (last save took " + lastSaveTook + ")");
        return;
      }
    }
    try {
      saveConcepts();
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      print("Concept save failed, will try again: " + e);
    }
  }
  
  void clearConcepts() {
    concepts.clear();
    allChanged();
  }
  
  synchronized void allChanged() {
    ++changes;
  }
  
  // auto-save every second if dirty
  synchronized void autoSaveConcepts() {
    if (autoSaver == null) {
      if (isTransient()) throw fail("Can't persist transient database");
      autoSaver = doEvery_daemon(abs(autoSaveInterval), new Runnable() { public void run() { try {  _autoSaveConcepts() ;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "_autoSaveConcepts()"; }});
      // print("Installed auto-saver (" + autoSaveInterval + " ms, " + progID() + ")");
    }
  }
  
  void cleanMeUp() {
    if (autoSaver != null) {
      autoSaver.cancel();
      autoSaver = null;
    }
    while (savingConcepts) sleepInCleanUp(10);
    saveConceptsIfDirty();
  }
  
  Map<Long, String> getIDsAndNames() {
    Map<Long,String> map = new HashMap();
    Map<Long, Concept> cloned = cloneMap(concepts);
    for (long id : keys(cloned)) 
      map.put(id, cloned.get(id).className);
    return map;
  }
  
  void deleteConcepts(List l) {
    for (Object o : l)
      if (o instanceof Long)
        concepts.remove((Long) o);
      else if (o instanceof Concept)
        ((Concept) o).delete();
      else
        warn("Can't delete " + getClassName(o));
  }
  
  <A extends Concept> A conceptOfType(Class<A> type) {
    return firstOfType(allConcepts(), type);
  }
  
  <A extends Concept> List<A> conceptsOfType(Class<A> type) {
    return filterByType(allConcepts(), type);
  }
  
  <A extends Concept> List<A> listConcepts(Class<A> type) {
    return conceptsOfType(type);
  }
  
  <A extends Concept> List<A> list(Class<A> type) {
    return conceptsOfType(type);
  }
  
  List<Concept> list(String type) {
    return conceptsOfType(type);
  }
  
  List<Concept> conceptsOfType(String type) {
    return filterByDynamicType(allConcepts(), "main$" + type);
  }
  
  boolean hasConceptOfType(Class<? extends Concept> type) {
    return hasType(allConcepts(), type);
  }
  
  void persistConcepts() {
    loadConcepts();
    autoSaveConcepts();
  }
  
  // We love synonyms
  void conceptPersistence() {
    persistConcepts();
  }
  
  Concepts persist() { persistConcepts(); return this; }
  void persist(int interval) { autoSaveInterval = interval; persist(); }
    
  // Runs r if there is no concept of that type
  <A extends Concept> A ensureHas(Class<A> c, Runnable r) {
    A a = conceptOfType(c);
    if (a == null) {
      r.run();
      a = conceptOfType(c);
      if (a == null)
        throw fail("Concept not made by " + r + ": " + shortClassName(c));
    }
    return a;
  }
  
  // Ensures that every concept of type c1 is ref'd by a concept of
  // type c2.
  // Type of func: voidfunc(concept)
  void ensureHas(Class<? extends Concept> c1, Class<? extends Concept> c2, Object func) {
    for (Concept a : conceptsOfType(c1)) {
      Concept b = findBackRef(a, c2);
      if (b == null) {
        callF(func, a);
        b = findBackRef(a, c2);
        if (b == null)
          throw fail("Concept not made by " + func + ": " + shortClassName(c2));
      }
    }
  }
  
  // Type of func: voidfunc(concept)
  void forEvery(Class<? extends Concept> type, Object func) {
    for (Concept c : conceptsOfType(type))
      callF(func, c);
  }
  
  int deleteAll(Class<? extends Concept> type) {
    List<Concept> l = (List) conceptsOfType(type);
    for (Concept c : l) c.delete();
    return l(l);
  }
  
  Collection<Concept> allConcepts() {
    synchronized(concepts) {
      return new ArrayList(values(concepts));
    }
  }
  
  <A extends Concept> int countConcepts(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
    int n = 0;
    for (A x : list(c)) if (checkConceptFields(x, params)) ++n;
    return n;
  }

  int countConcepts(String c, Object... params) {
    int n = 0;
    for (Concept x : list(c)) if (checkConceptFields(x, params)) ++n;
    return n;
  }

  int countConcepts() {
    return l(concepts);
  }
  
  synchronized void addConceptIndex(IConceptIndex index) {
    if (conceptIndices == null)
      conceptIndices = new ArrayList();
    conceptIndices.add(index);
  }
  
  synchronized void addFieldIndex(Class<? extends Concept> c, String field, IFieldIndex index) {
    if (fieldIndices == null)
      fieldIndices = new HashMap();
    Map<String, IFieldIndex> map = fieldIndices.get(c);
    if (map == null)
      fieldIndices.put(c, map = new HashMap());
    map.put(field, index);
  }
  
  synchronized IFieldIndex getFieldIndex(Class<? extends Concept> c, String field) {
    if (fieldIndices == null) return null;
    Map<String, IFieldIndex> map = fieldIndices.get(c);
    return map == null ? null : map.get(field);
  }
  
  // inter-process methods
  
  RC xnew(String name, Object... values) {
    return new RC(cnew(name, values));
  }
  
  void xset(long id, String field, Object value) {
    xset(new RC(id), field, value);
  }
  
  void xset(RC c, String field, Object value) {
    if (value instanceof RC)
      value = getConcept((RC) value);
    cset(getConcept(c), field, value);
  }
  
  Object xget(long id, String field) {
    return xget(new RC(id), field);
  }
  
  Object xget(RC c, String field) {
    return xgetPost(cget(getConcept(c), field));
  }
  
  Object xgetPost(Object o) {
    o = deref(o);
    if (o instanceof Concept)
      return new RC((Concept) o);
    return o;
  }
  
  void xdelete(long id) {
    xdelete(new RC(id));
  }
  
  void xdelete(RC c) {
    getConcept(c).delete();
  }
  
  void xdelete(List<RC> l) {
    for (RC c : l)
      xdelete(c);
  }
  
  List<RC> xlist() {
    return map("toPassRef", allConcepts());
  }
  
  List<RC> xlist(String className) {
    return map("toPassRef", conceptsOfType(className));
  }
  
  boolean isTransient() { return eq(programID, "-"); }
  
  String xfullgrab() {
    lock.lock();
    try {
      if (changes == changesWritten && !isTransient())
        return loadConceptsStructure(programID);
      return structure(cloneMap(concepts));
    } finally {
      lock.unlock();
    }
  }
  
  void xshutdown() {
    // Killing whole VM if someone wants this DB to shut down
    cleanKillVM();
  }
  
  long xchangeCount() { return changes; }
  int xcount() { return countConcepts(); }
  
  void register(Concept c) {
    if (c._concepts == this) return;
    if (c._concepts != null) throw fail("Can't re-register");
    c._concepts = this;
    c.id = internalID();
    c.created = now();
    concepts.put((long) c.id, c);
    c.change();
  }
  
} // class Concepts

static volatile Concepts mainConcepts = new Concepts(); // Where we create new concepts

static class Concept extends DynamicObject {
  transient Concepts _concepts; // Where we belong
  long id;
  //O madeBy;
  //double energy;
  //bool defunct;
  long created;
  
  // used only internally (cnew)
  Concept(String className) {
    super(className);
    _created();
  }
  
  Concept() {
    if (!_loading()) {
      //className = shortClassName(this); // XXX - necessary?
      //print("New concept of type " + className);
      _created();
    }
  }
  
  List<Ref> refs;
  List<Ref> backRefs;
  
  static boolean loading() { return _loading(); }
  static boolean _loading() { return isTrue(DynamicObject_loading.get()); }

  void _created() {
    if (!isTrue(concepts_unlisted.get()))
      mainConcepts.register(this);
  }
  
  /*void put(S field, O value) {
    fieldValues.put(field, value);
    change();
  }
  
  O get(S field) {
    ret fieldValues.get(field);
  }*/
  
  class Ref<A extends Concept> {
    A value;
    
    Ref() {
      if (!isTrue(DynamicObject_loading.get())) refs = addDyn(refs, this);
    }
    
    Ref(A value) {
  this.value = value;
      refs = addDyn(refs, this);
      index();
    }
    
    // get owning concept (source)
    Concept concept() {
      return Concept.this;
    }
    
    // get target
    A get() { return value; }
    boolean has() { return value != null; }
    
    void set(A a) {
      if (a == value) return;
      unindex();
      value = a;
      index();
    }
    
    void set(Ref<A> ref) { set(ref.get()); }
    void clear() { set((A) null); }
    
    void index() { 
      if (value != null)
        value.backRefs = addDyn(value.backRefs, this);
      change();
    }
    
    void unindex() {
      if (value != null)
        value.backRefs = removeDyn(value.backRefs, this);
    }
    
    void change() {
      Concept.this.change();
    }
  }
  
  class RefL<A extends Concept> extends AbstractList<A> {
    List < Ref < A > > l = new ArrayList();
    
    public A set(int i, A o) {
      A prev = l.get(i).get();
      l.get(i).set(o);
      return prev;
    }
    
    public void add(int i, A o) {
      l.add(i, new Ref(o));
    }
    
    public A get(int i) {
      return l.get(i).get();
    }
    
    public A remove(int i) {
      return l.remove(i).get();
    }
    
    public int size() {
      return l.size();
    }
    
    public boolean contains(Object o) {
      if (o instanceof Concept)
        for (Ref<A> r : l) if (eq(r.get(), o)) return true;
      return super.contains(o);
    }
  }
  
  void delete() {
    //name = "[defunct " + name + "]";
    //defunct = true;
    //energy = 0;
    for (Ref r : unnull(refs))
      r.unindex();
    refs = null;
    for (Ref r : cloneList(backRefs))
      r.set((Concept) null);
    backRefs = null;
    
    if (_concepts != null) {
      _concepts.concepts.remove((long) id);
      _concepts.allChanged();
      if (_concepts.conceptIndices != null)
        for (IConceptIndex index : _concepts.conceptIndices)
          index.remove(this);
      _concepts = null;
    }
    id = 0;
  }
  
  BaseXRef export() {
    return new BaseXRef(_concepts.progID(), id);
  }
  
  // notice system of a change in this object
  void change() {
    if (_concepts != null) {
      _concepts.allChanged();
      if (_concepts.conceptIndices != null)
        for (IConceptIndex index : _concepts.conceptIndices)
          index.update(this);
    }
  }
  
  String _programID() {
    return _concepts == null ? getDBProgramID() : _concepts.progID();
  }
} // class Concept

// remote reference (for inter-process communication or
// external databases). Formerly "PassRef".
// prepared for string ids if we do them later
static class RC {
  transient Object owner;
  String id;
  
  RC() {} // make serialisation happy
  RC(long id) { this.id = str(id); }
  RC(Object owner, long id) { this.id = str(id); this.owner = owner; }
  RC(Concept c) { this(c.id); }
  long longID() { return parseLong(id); }
  
  public String toString() {
    return id;
  }

  transient RemoteDB db;
  
  String getString(String field) { return db.xS(this, field); }
  Object get(String field) { return db.xget(this, field); }
  void set(String field, Object value) { db.xset(this, field, value); }

}

// Reference to a concept in another program
static class BaseXRef {
  String programID;
  long id;
    
  BaseXRef() {}
  BaseXRef(String programID, long id) {
  this.id = id;
  this.programID = programID;}
  
  public boolean equals(Object o) {
    if (!(o instanceof BaseXRef)) return false;
    BaseXRef r = (BaseXRef) ( o);
    return eq(programID, r.programID) && eq(id, r.id);
  }
  
  public int hashCode() {
    return programID.hashCode() + (int) id;
  }
}

// BaseXRef as a concept
static class XRef extends Concept {
  BaseXRef ref;
  
  XRef() {}
  XRef(BaseXRef ref) {
  this.ref = ref; _doneLoading2(); }
  
  // after we have been added to concepts
  void _doneLoading2() {
    getIndex().put(ref, this);
  }
    
  HashMap<BaseXRef, XRef> getIndex() {
    return getXRefIndex(_concepts);
  }
}

static synchronized HashMap<BaseXRef, XRef> getXRefIndex(Concepts concepts) {
  HashMap cache = (HashMap) concepts.perClassData.get(XRef.class);
  if (cache == null)
    concepts.perClassData.put(XRef.class, cache = new HashMap());
  return cache;
}

// uses mainConcepts
static XRef lookupOrCreateXRef(BaseXRef ref) {
  XRef xref = getXRefIndex(mainConcepts).get(ref);
  if (xref == null)
    xref = new XRef(ref);
  return xref;
}

// define standard concept functions to use main concepts

static <A extends Concept> List<A> list(Class<A> type) {
  return mainConcepts.list(type);
}

static <A extends Concept> List<A> list(Concepts concepts, Class<A> type) {
  return concepts.list(type);
}

static List<Concept> list(String type) {
  return mainConcepts.list(type);
}

static List<Concept> list(Concepts concepts, String type) {
  return concepts.list(type);
}

static int csetAll(Concept c, Object... values) {
  return cset(c, values);
}

static void cleanMeUp_concepts() {
  mainConcepts.cleanMeUp();
}

static void loadAndAutoSaveConcepts() {
  mainConcepts.persist();
}

static void loadAndAutoSaveConcepts(int interval) {
  mainConcepts.persist(interval);
}

static void loadConceptsFrom(String progID) {
  mainConcepts.programID = progID;
  mainConcepts.load();
}

static List<Concept> conceptsOfType(String type) {
  return mainConcepts.conceptsOfType(type);
}

static long changeCount() {
  return mainConcepts.changes;
}

static List<String> exposedDBMethods = ll("xlist", "xnew", "xset", "xdelete", "xget", "xclass", "xfullgrab", "xshutdown", "xchangeCount", "xcount");

static RC toPassRef(Concept c) {
  return new RC(c);
}

// so we can instantiate the program to run as a bare DB bot
static Point mouseLocation() {
  return getMouseLocation();
}

static void darkenBWImagePart(BWImage img, Rect r) {
  int x2 = r.x2(), y2 = r.y2();
  float factor = 0.8f;
  for (int y = r.y; y < y2; y++)
    for (int x = r.x; x < x2; x++)
      img.setPixel(x, y, img.getPixel(x, y)*factor);
}
static float autoCropOfBWImage_blackBG_threshold = 0.2f;

static Rect autoCropOfBWImage_blackBG(BWImage img) {
  return autoCropOfBWImage(img, new Rect(0, 0, img.getWidth(), img.getHeight()));
}

static Rect autoCropOfBWImage_blackBG(BWImage img, Rect r) {
  return autoCropOfBWImage(img, r, autoCropOfBWImage_blackBG_threshold);
}

// r = initial rectangle
static Rect autoCropOfBWImage_blackBG(BWImage img, Rect r, float threshold) {
  int x1 = r.x, y1 = r.y, x2 = r.x2(), y2 = r.y2();

  // left side

  end1:
  while (x1 < x2) {
    for (int y = y1; y < y2; y++)
      if (img.getPixel(x1, y) >= threshold)
        break end1;
    x1++;
  }

  // top side

  end2:
  while (y1 < y2) {
    for (int x = x1; x < x2; x++)
      if (img.getPixel(x, y1) >= threshold)
        break end2;
    y1++;
  }

  // right side

  end3:
  while (x2 > x1) {
    for (int y = y1; y < y2; y++)
      if (img.getPixel(x2-1, y) >= threshold)
        break end3;
    x2--;
  }

  // bottom side

  end4:
  while (y2 > y1) {
    for (int x = x1; x < x2; x++)
      if (img.getPixel(x, y2-1) >= threshold)
        break end4;
    y2--;
  }

  if (x2 <= x1 || y2 <= y1)
    return r;
  else
    return new Rect(x1, y1, x2 - x1, y2 - y1);
}

static <A, B> Map<A, B> mapInConcept(Concept c, Map<A, B> m) {
  return new MapInConcept(m, c);
}
static float autoCropOfBWImage_threshold = 0.9f;

static Rect autoCropOfBWImage(BWImage img) {
  return autoCropOfBWImage(img, new Rect(0, 0, img.getWidth(), img.getHeight()));
}

static Rect autoCropOfBWImage(BWImage img, Rect r) {
  return autoCropOfBWImage(img, r, autoCropOfBWImage_threshold);
}

// r = initial rectangle
static Rect autoCropOfBWImage(BWImage img, Rect r, float threshold) {
  int x1 = r.x, y1 = r.y, x2 = r.x2(), y2 = r.y2();

  // left side

  end1:
  while (x1 < x2) {
    for (int y = y1; y < y2; y++)
      if (img.getPixel(x1, y) <= threshold)
        break end1;
    x1++;
  }

  // top side

  end2:
  while (y1 < y2) {
    for (int x = x1; x < x2; x++)
      if (img.getPixel(x, y1) <= threshold)
        break end2;
    y1++;
  }

  // right side

  end3:
  while (x2 > x1) {
    for (int y = y1; y < y2; y++)
      if (img.getPixel(x2-1, y) <= threshold)
        break end3;
    x2--;
  }

  // bottom side

  end4:
  while (y2 > y1) {
    for (int x = x1; x < x2; x++)
      if (img.getPixel(x, y2-1) <= threshold)
        break end4;
    y2--;
  }

  if (x2 <= x1 || y2 <= y1)
    return r;
  else
    return new Rect(x1, y1, x2 - x1, y2 - y1);
}

static boolean contains(Collection c, Object o) {
  return c != null && c.contains(o);
}

static boolean contains(Object[] x, Object o) {
  if (x != null)
    for (Object a : x)
      if (eq(a, o))
        return true;
  return false;
}

static boolean contains(String s, char c) {
  return s != null && s.indexOf(c) >= 0;
}

static boolean contains(String s, String b) {
  return s != null && s.indexOf(b) >= 0;
}
static int min(int a, int b) {
  return Math.min(a, b);
}

static long min(long a, long b) {
  return Math.min(a, b);
}

static float min(float a, float b) { return Math.min(a, b); }
static float min(float a, float b, float c) { return min(min(a, b), c); }

static double min(double a, double b) {
  return Math.min(a, b);
}

static double min(double[] c) {
  double x = Double.MAX_VALUE;
  for (double d : c) x = Math.min(x, d);
  return x;
}

static float min(float[] c) {
  float x = Float.MAX_VALUE;
  for (float d : c) x = Math.min(x, d);
  return x;
}

static byte min(byte[] c) {
  byte x = 127;
  for (byte d : c) if (d < x) x = d;
  return x;
}

static short min(short[] c) {
  short x = 0x7FFF;
  for (short d : c) if (d < x) x = d;
  return x;
}
static Rect scaleRect(Rect r, double factorX, double factorY) {
  return new Rect(iround(r.x*factorX), iround(r.y*factorY), iround(r.w*factorX), iround(r.h*factorY));
}

static Rect scaleRect(Rect r, double factor) {
  return scaleRect(r, factor, factor);
}

static <A, B> Map<A, B> cloneMap(Map<A, B> map) {
  if (map == null) return litmap();
  // assume mutex is equal to collection
  synchronized(map) {
    return map instanceof TreeMap ? new TreeMap(map)
      : map instanceof LinkedHashMap ? new LinkedHashMap(map)
      : new HashMap(map);
  }
}
static boolean applyPersistentMapLogFile_debug;

static void applyPersistentMapLogFile(String progID, String persistenceName, Map map, boolean deleteFile) {
  File f = persistentMapLogFile(progID, persistenceName);
  if (applyPersistentMapLogFile_debug)
    print("applyPersistentMapLogFile: Checking " + f);
  if (!f.exists()) return;
  for (Object _l : scanLog_safeUnstructure(f)) try {
    List l = (List) ( _l);
    mapPut(map, first(l), second(l));
  } catch (Throwable __e) { printStackTrace2(__e); }
  if (deleteFile) f.delete();
}
static ArrayList smallEmptyList() {
  return new ArrayList(0);
}
static <A> void remove(List<A> l, int i) {
  if (l != null && i >= 0 && i < l(l))
    l.remove(i);
}

static <A> void remove(Collection<A> l, A a) {
  if (l != null) l.remove(a);
}
static List emptyList() {
  return new ArrayList();
  //ret Collections.emptyList();
}

static List emptyList(int capacity) {
  return new ArrayList(capacity);
}

// Try to match capacity
static List emptyList(Iterable l) {
  return l instanceof Collection ? emptyList(((Collection) l).size()) : emptyList();
}
static Pt normalizePointToScreen(Pt p) {
  return new Pt(
    min(screenWidth()-1, max(p.x, 0)),
    min(screenHeight()-1, max(p.y, 0)));
}
static String struct(Object o) {
  return structure(o);
}

static String struct(Object o, structure_Data data) {
  return structure(o, data);
}
static <A, B> void put(Map<A, B> map, A a, B b) {
  if (map != null) map.put(a, b);
}
static Point getMouseLocation() {
  return MouseInfo.getPointerInfo().getLocation();
}

static <A> List<A> cloneList(Collection<A> l) {
  if (l == null) return new ArrayList();
  // assume collection's mutex is equal to collection, which will be true unless you explicitly pass a mutex to synchronizedList() which no one ever does.
  synchronized(l) {
    return new ArrayList<A>(l);
  }
}
static boolean stdEq2(Object a, Object b) {
  if (a == null) return b == null;
  if (b == null) return false;
  if (a.getClass() != b.getClass()) return false;
  for (String field : allFields(a))
    if (neq(getOpt(a, field), getOpt(b, field)))
      return false;
  return true;
}
static <A> Set<A> setInConcept(Concept c, Set<A> m) {
  return new SetInConcept(m, c);
}
static String className(Object o) {
  return getClassName(o);
}
static int max(int a, int b) { return Math.max(a, b); }
static int max(int a, int b, int c) { return max(max(a, b), c); }
static long max(int a, long b) { return Math.max((long) a, b); }
static long max(long a, long b) { return Math.max(a, b); }
static double max(int a, double b) { return Math.max((double) a, b); }
static float max(float a, float b) { return Math.max(a, b); }
static double max(double a, double b) { return Math.max(a, b); }

static int max(Collection<Integer> c) {
  int x = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
  for (int i : c) x = max(x, i);
  return x;
}

static double max(double[] c) {
  if (c.length == 0) return Double.MIN_VALUE;
  double x = c[0];
  for (int i = 1; i < c.length; i++) x = Math.max(x, c[i]);
  return x;
}

static float max(float[] c) {
  if (c.length == 0) return Float.MAX_VALUE;
  float x = c[0];
  for (int i = 1; i < c.length; i++) x = Math.max(x, c[i]);
  return x;
}

static byte max(byte[] c) {
  byte x = -128;
  for (byte d : c) if (d > x) x = d;
  return x;
}

static short max(short[] c) {
  short x = -0x8000;
  for (short d : c) if (d > x) x = d;
  return x;
}
static double pointDistance(Pt a, Pt b) {
  return sqrt(sqr(a.x-b.x) + sqr(a.y-b.y));
}

static double pointDistance(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2) {
  return sqrt(sqr(x1-x2) + sqr(y1-y2));
}
static void change() {
  //mainConcepts.allChanged();
  // safe version for now cause function is sometimes included unnecessarily (e.g. by EGDiff)
  callOpt(getOptMC("mainConcepts"), "allChanged");
}
static Rect rectUnion(Rect a, Rect b) {
  if (a == null) return b;
  if (b == null) return a;
  int x = min(a.x, b.x), y = min(a.y, b.y);
  int x2 = max(a.x+a.w, b.x+b.w), y2 = max(a.y+a.h, b.y+b.h);
  return new Rect(x, y, x2-x, y2-y);
}
static <A> IVar<A> varInConcept(Concept c, IVar<A> v) {
  return new VarInConcept(v, c);
}
static boolean equals(Object a, Object b) {
  return a == null ? b == null : a.equals(b);
}
static Point blendPoints(Point x, Point y, double yish) {
  double xish = 1-yish;
  return new Point((int) (x.x*xish+y.x*yish), (int) (x.y*xish+y.y*yish));
}

static Pt blendPoints(Pt x, Pt y, double yish) {
  double xish = 1-yish;
  return new Pt((int) (x.x*xish+y.x*yish), (int) (x.y*xish+y.y*yish));
}

static Pt blendPoints(Pt x, double xf, Pt y, double yf) {
  return new Pt((int) (x.x*xf+y.x*yf), (int) (x.y*xf+y.y*yf));
}

static Pt blendPoints(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, double yish) {
  return blendPoints(new Pt(x1, y1), new Pt(x2, y2), yish);
}

static void fill(RGBImage img, String col) {
  RGB rgb = new RGB(col);
  int w = img.getWidth(), h = img.getHeight();
  for (int y = 0; y < h; y++)
    for (int x = 0; x < w; x++)
      img.setPixel(x, y, rgb);
}

static int stdHash2(Object a) {
  if (a == null) return 0;
  return stdHash(a, toStringArray(allFields(a)));
}
static <A, B> Set<A> keys(Map<A, B> map) {
  return map == null ? new HashSet() : map.keySet();
}

static Set keys(Object map) {
  return keys((Map) map);
}




  static <A, B> Set<A> keys(MultiMap<A, B> mm) {
    return mm.keySet();
  }

static boolean inRange(int x, int n) {
  return x >= 0 && x < n;
}
static <A> List<A> listInConcept(Concept c, List<A> l) {
  return new ListInConcept(l, c);
}

static <A> List<A> listInConcept(Concept c) {
  return new ListInConcept(new ArrayList(), c);
}
static int asInt(Object o) {
  return toInt(o);
}
static <A, B> Map<A, B> putAll(Map<A, B> a, Map<? extends A,? extends B> b) {
  if (a != null) a.putAll(b);
  return a;
}


static int screenWidth() {
  return getScreenWidth();
}
static String[] toStringArray(Collection<String> c) {
  String[] a = new String[l(c)];
  Iterator<String> it = c.iterator();
  for (int i = 0; i < l(a); i++)
    a[i] = it.next();
  return a;
}

static String[] toStringArray(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof String[])
    return (String[]) o;
  else if (o instanceof Collection)
    return toStringArray((Collection<String>) o);
  else
    throw fail("Not a collection or array: " + getClassName(o));
}

static List scanLog_safeUnstructure(String progID, String fileName) {
  return scanLog_safeUnstructure(getProgramFile(progID, fileName));
}

static List scanLog_safeUnstructure(String fileName) {
  return scanLog_safeUnstructure(getProgramFile(fileName));
}

static List scanLog_safeUnstructure(File file) {
  List l = new ArrayList();
  for (String s : scanLog(file)) try {
    l.add(safeUnstructure(s));
  } catch (Throwable __e) { printStackTrace2(__e); }
  return l;
}
static Set<String> allFields(Object o) {
  TreeSet<String> fields = new TreeSet();
  Class _c = _getClass(o);
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      fields.add(f.getName());
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return fields;
}
static int stdHash(Object a, String... fields) {
  if (a == null) return 0;
  int hash = getClassName(a).hashCode();
  for (String field : fields)
    hash = hash*2+hashCode(getOpt(a, field));
  return hash;
}
static int screenHeight() {
  return getScreenHeight();
}
static double sqrt(double x) {
  return Math.sqrt(x);
}
static File persistentMapLogFile(String progID, String persistenceName) {
  return getProgramFile(progID, urlencode(persistenceName) + ".add.log");
}
static Object getOptMC(String field) {
  return getOpt(mc(), field);
}
static int iround(double d) {
  return (int) Math.round(d);
}
static <A> A second(List<A> l) {
  return get(l, 1);
}

static <A> A second(A[] bla) {
  return bla == null || bla.length <= 1 ? null : bla[1];
}


static <A, B> void mapPut(Map<A, B> map, A key, B value) {
  if (map != null && key != null && value != null) map.put(key, value);
}
static long sqr(long l) {
  return l*l;
}

static double sqr(double d) {
  return d*d;
}
static int toInt(Object o) {
  if (o == null) return 0;
  if (o instanceof Number)
    return ((Number) o).intValue();
  if (o instanceof String)
    return parseInt((String) o);
  throw fail("woot not int: " + getClassName(o));
}

static int toInt(long l) {
  if (l != (int) l) throw fail("Too large for int: " + l);
  return (int) l;
}


static List<String> scanLog(String progID, String fileName) {
  return scanLog(getProgramFile(progID, fileName));
}

static List<String> scanLog(String fileName) {
  return scanLog(getProgramFile(fileName));
}

static List<String> scanLog(File file) {
  List<String> l = new ArrayList();
  for (String s : toLines(file))
    if (isProperlyQuoted(s))
      l.add(unquote(s));
  return l;
}
static int getScreenHeight() {
  return getScreenSize().height;
}
static int hashCode(Object a) {
  return a == null ? 0 : a.hashCode();
}
static int parseInt(String s) {
  return empty(s) ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(s);
}

static int parseInt(char c) {
  return Integer.parseInt(str(c));
}
static String urlencode(String x) {
  try {
    return URLEncoder.encode(unnull(x), "UTF-8");
  } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
}
static Object safeUnstructure(String s) {
  return unstructure(s, true);
}
static int getScreenWidth() {
  return getScreenSize().width;
}


static boolean isProperlyQuoted(String s) {
  return s.length() >= 2
    && s.startsWith("\"")
    && s.endsWith("\"")
    && (!s.endsWith("\\\"") || s.endsWith("\\\\\""));
}
static String unnull(String s) {
  return s == null ? "" : s;
}

static <A> List<A> unnull(List<A> l) {
  return l == null ? emptyList() : l;
}

static <A> Iterable<A> unnull(Iterable<A> i) {
  return i == null ? emptyList() : i;
}

static <A> A[] unnull(A[] a) {
  return a == null ? (A[]) new Object[0] : a;
}

static BitSet unnull(BitSet b) {
  return b == null ? new BitSet() : b;
}


static Pt unnull(Pt p) {
  return p == null ? new Pt() : p;
}

static Object unstructure(String text) {
  return unstructure(text, false);
}

static Object unstructure(String text, final boolean allDynamic) {
  return unstructure(text, allDynamic, null);
}

static int structure_internStringsLongerThan = 50;

static int unstructure_tokrefs; // stats

abstract static class unstructure_Receiver {
  abstract void set(Object o);
}

// classFinder: func(name) -> class (optional)
static Object unstructure(String text, boolean allDynamic,
  Object classFinder) {
  if (text == null) return null;
  return unstructure_tok(javaTokC_noMLS_iterator(text), allDynamic, classFinder);
}

static Object unstructure_reader(BufferedReader reader) {
  return unstructure_tok(javaTokC_noMLS_onReader(reader), false, null);
}

static Object unstructure_tok(final Producer<String> tok, final boolean allDynamic, final Object classFinder) {
  final boolean debug = unstructure_debug;
  
  final class X {
    int i = -1;
    HashMap<Integer,Object> refs = new HashMap();
    HashMap<Integer,Object> tokrefs = new HashMap();
    HashSet<String> concepts = new HashSet();
    HashMap<String,Class> classesMap = new HashMap();
    List<Runnable> stack = new ArrayList();
    String curT;
    
    // look at current token
    String t() {
      return curT;
    }
    
    // get current token, move to next
    String tpp() {
      String t = curT;
      consume();
      return t;
    }
    
    void parse(final unstructure_Receiver out) {
      String t = t();
      
      int refID = 0;
      if (structure_isMarker(t, 0, l(t))) {
        refID = parseInt(t.substring(1));
        consume();
      }
      final int _refID = refID;
      
      // if (debug) print("parse: " + quote(t));
      
      final int tokIndex = i;  
      parse_inner(refID, tokIndex, new unstructure_Receiver() {
        void set(Object o) {
          if (_refID != 0)
            refs.put(_refID, o);
          if (o != null)
            tokrefs.put(tokIndex, o);
          out.set(o);
        }
      });
    }
    
    void parse_inner(int refID, int tokIndex, final unstructure_Receiver out) {
      String t = t();
      
      // if (debug) print("parse_inner: " + quote(t));
      
      Class c = classesMap.get(t);
      if (c == null) {
        if (t.startsWith("\"")) {
          String s = internIfLongerThan(unquote(tpp()), structure_internStringsLongerThan);
          out.set(s); return;
        }
        
        if (t.startsWith("'")) {
          out.set(unquoteCharacter(tpp())); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("bigint")) {
          out.set(parseBigInt()); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("d")) {
          out.set(parseDouble()); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("fl")) {
          out.set(parseFloat()); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("false") || t.equals("f")) {
          consume(); out.set(false); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("true") || t.equals("t")) {
          consume(); out.set(true); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("-")) {
          consume();
          t = tpp();
          out.set(isLongConstant(t) ? (Object) (-parseLong(t)) : (Object) (-parseInt(t))); return;
        }
        if (isInteger(t) || isLongConstant(t)) {
          consume();
          //if (debug) print("isLongConstant " + quote(t) + " => " + isLongConstant(t));
          if (isLongConstant(t)) {
            out.set(parseLong(t)); return;
          }
          long l = parseLong(t);
          boolean isInt = l == (int) l;
          if (debug)
            print("l=" + l + ", isInt: " + isInt);
          out.set(isInt ? (Object) new Integer((int) l) : (Object) new Long(l)); return;
        }
        
        if (t.equals("File")) {
          consume();
          File f = new File(unquote(tpp()));
          out.set(f); return;
        }
        
        if (t.startsWith("r") && isInteger(t.substring(1))) {
          consume();
          int ref = Integer.parseInt(t.substring(1));
          Object o = refs.get(ref);
          if (o == null)
            print("Warning: unsatisfied back reference " + ref);
          out.set(o); return;
        }
      
        if (t.startsWith("t") && isInteger(t.substring(1))) {
          consume();
          int ref = Integer.parseInt(t.substring(1));
          Object o = tokrefs.get(ref);
          if (o == null)
            print("Warning: unsatisfied token reference " + ref);
          out.set(o); return;
        }
        
        if (t.equals("hashset")) {
          parseHashSet(out); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("treeset")) {
          parseTreeSet(out); return;
        }
        if (eqOneOf(t, "hashmap", "hm")) {
          consume();
          parseMap(new HashMap(), out);
          return;
        }
        if (t.equals("lhm")) {
          consume();
          parseMap(new LinkedHashMap(), out);
          return;
        }
        if (t.equals("{")) {
          parseMap(out); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("[")) {
          parseList(out); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("bitset")) {
          parseBitSet(out); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("array") || t.equals("intarray")) {
          parseArray(out); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("ba")) {
          consume();
          String hex = unquote(tpp());
          out.set(hexToBytes(hex)); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("boolarray")) {
          consume();
          int n = parseInt(tpp());
          String hex = unquote(tpp());
          out.set(boolArrayFromBytes(hexToBytes(hex), n)); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("class")) {
          out.set(parseClass()); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("l")) {
          parseLisp(out); return;
        }
        if (t.equals("null")) {
          consume(); out.set(null); return;
        }
        
        if (eq(t, "c")) {
          consume("c");
          t = t();
          assertTrue(isJavaIdentifier(t));
          concepts.add(t);
        }
      }
      
      if (eq(t, "j")) {
        consume("j");
        out.set(parseJava()); return;
      }

      if (c == null && !isJavaIdentifier(t))
        throw new RuntimeException("Unknown token " + (i+1) + ": " + t);
        
      // any other class name
      if (c == null) {
        // First, find class
        if (allDynamic) c = null;
        else c = classFinder != null ? (Class) callF(classFinder, t) : findClass(t);
        if (c != null)
          classesMap.put(t, c);
      }
          
      // Check if it has an outer reference
      consume();
      boolean hasBracket = eq(t(), "(");
      if (hasBracket) consume();
      boolean hasOuter = hasBracket && eq(t(), "this$1");
      
      DynamicObject dO = null;
      Object o = null;
      if (c != null) {
        o = hasOuter ? nuStubInnerObject(c) : nuEmptyObject(c);
        if (o instanceof DynamicObject) dO = (DynamicObject) o;
      } else {
        if (concepts.contains(t) && (c = findClass("Concept")) != null)
          o = dO = (DynamicObject) nuEmptyObject(c);
        else
          dO = new DynamicObject();
        dO.className = t;
        if (debug) print("Made dynamic object " + t + " " + shortClassName(dO));
      }
      
      // Save in references list early because contents of object
      // might link back to main object
      
      if (refID != 0)
        refs.put(refID, o != null ? o : dO);
      tokrefs.put(tokIndex, o != null ? o : dO);
      
      // NOW parse the fields!
      
      final LinkedHashMap<String,Object> fields = new LinkedHashMap(); // preserve order
      final Object _o = o;
      final DynamicObject _dO = dO;
      if (hasBracket) {
        stack.add(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { 
          if (eq(t(), ")")) {
            consume(")");
            objRead(_o, _dO, fields);
            out.set(_o != null ? _o : _dO);
          } else {
            final String key = unquote(tpp());
            consume("=");
            stack.add(this);
            parse(new unstructure_Receiver() {
              void set(Object value) {
                fields.put(key, value);
                if (eq(t(), ",")) consume();
              }
            });
          }
        
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (eq(t(), \")\")) {\r\n            consume(\")\");\r\n            objRead(_o, _dO, fie..."; }});
      } else {
        objRead(o, dO, fields);
        out.set(o != null ? o : dO);
      }
    }
    
    void objRead(Object o, DynamicObject dO, Map<String, Object> fields) {
      
      if (o != null)
        if (dO != null) {
          if (debug)
            printStructure("setOptAllDyn", fields);
          setOptAllDyn(dO, fields);
        } else {
          setOptAll(o, fields);
          
        }
      else for (String field : keys(fields))
        dO.fieldValues.put(field.intern(), fields.get(field));

      if (o != null)
        pcallOpt_noArgs(o, "_doneLoading");
    }
    
    void parseSet(final Set set, final unstructure_Receiver out) {
      parseList(new unstructure_Receiver() {
        void set(Object o) {
          set.addAll((List) o);
          out.set(set);
        }
      });
    }
    
    void parseLisp(final unstructure_Receiver out) {
      consume("l");
      consume("(");
      final ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
      stack.add(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { 
        if (eq(t(), ")")) {
          consume(")");
          out.set(newObject("main$Lisp", (String) list.get(0), subList(list, 1)));
        } else {
          stack.add(this);
          parse(new unstructure_Receiver() {
            void set(Object o) {
              list.add(o);
              if (eq(t(), ",")) consume();
            }
          });
        }
      
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (eq(t(), \")\")) {\r\n          consume(\")\");\r\n          out.set(newObject(\"main$..."; }});
    }
    
    void parseBitSet(final unstructure_Receiver out) {
      consume("bitset");
      consume("{");
      final BitSet bs = new BitSet();
      stack.add(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { 
        if (eq(t(), "}")) {
          consume("}");
          out.set(bs);
        } else {
          stack.add(this);
          parse(new unstructure_Receiver() {
            void set(Object o) {
              bs.set((Integer) o);
              if (eq(t(), ",")) consume();
            }
          });
        }
      
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (eq(t(), \"}\")) {\r\n          consume(\"}\");\r\n          out.set(bs);\r\n        } ..."; }});
    }
    
    void parseList(final unstructure_Receiver out) {
      consume("[");
      final ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
      stack.add(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { 
        if (eq(t(), "]")) {
          consume("]");
          out.set(list);
        } else {
          stack.add(this);
          parse(new unstructure_Receiver() {
            void set(Object o) {
              //if (debug) print("List element type: " + getClassName(o));
              list.add(o);
              if (eq(t(), ",")) consume();
            }
          });
        }
      
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (eq(t(), \"]\")) {\r\n          consume(\"]\");\r\n          out.set(list);\r\n        ..."; }});
    }
    
    void parseArray(final unstructure_Receiver out) {
      final String type = tpp();
      consume("{");
      final List list = new ArrayList();
      
      stack.add(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { 
        if (eq(t(), "}")) {
          consume("}");
          out.set(type.equals("intarray") ? toIntArray(list) : list.toArray());
        } else {
          stack.add(this);
          parse(new unstructure_Receiver() {
            void set(Object o) {
              list.add(o);
              if (eq(t(), ",")) consume();
            }
          });
        }
      
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "if (eq(t(), \"}\")) {\r\n          consume(\"}\");\r\n          out.set(type.equals(\"int..."; }});
    }
    
    Object parseClass() {
      consume("class");
      consume("(");
      String name = unquote(tpp());
      consume(")");
      name = dropPrefix("main$", name);
      Class c = allDynamic ? null : classFinder != null ? (Class) callF(classFinder, name) : findClass(name);
      if (c != null) return c;
      DynamicObject dO = new DynamicObject();
      dO.className = "java.lang.Class";
      dO.fieldValues.put("name", name);
      return dO;
    }
    
    Object parseBigInt() {
      consume("bigint");
      consume("(");
      String val = tpp();
      if (eq(val, "-"))
        val = "-" + tpp();
      consume(")");
      return new BigInteger(val);
    }
    
    Object parseDouble() {
      consume("d");
      consume("(");
      String val = unquote(tpp());
      consume(")");
      return Double.parseDouble(val);
    }
    
    Object parseFloat() {
      consume("fl");
      String val;
      if (eq(t(), "(")) {
        consume("(");
        val = unquote(tpp());
        consume(")");
      } else {
        val = unquote(tpp());
      }
      return Float.parseFloat(val);
    }
    
    void parseHashSet(unstructure_Receiver out) {
      consume("hashset");
      parseSet(new HashSet(), out);
    }
    
    void parseTreeSet(unstructure_Receiver out) {
      consume("treeset");
      parseSet(new TreeSet(), out);
    }
    
    void parseMap(unstructure_Receiver out) {
      parseMap(new TreeMap(), out);
    }
    
    Object parseJava() {
      String j = unquote(tpp());
      Matches m = new Matches();
      if (jmatch("java.awt.Color[r=*,g=*,b=*]", j, m))
        return nuObject("java.awt.Color", parseInt(m.unq(0)), parseInt(m.unq(1)), parseInt(m.unq(2)));
      else {
        warn("Unknown Java object: " + j);
        return null;
      }
    }
    
    void parseMap(final Map map, final unstructure_Receiver out) {
      consume("{");
      stack.add(new Runnable() {
        boolean v;
        Object key;
        
        public void run() { 
          if (v) {
            v = false;
            stack.add(this);
            consume("=");
            parse(new unstructure_Receiver() {
              void set(Object value) {
                map.put(key, value);
                if (debug)
                  print("parseMap: Got value " + getClassName(value) + ", next token: " + quote(t()));
                if (eq(t(), ",")) consume();
              }
            });
          } else {
            if (eq(t(), "}")) {
              consume("}");
              out.set(map);
            } else {
              v = true;
              stack.add(this);
              parse(new unstructure_Receiver() {
                void set(Object o) {
                  key = o;
                }
              });
            }
          } // if v else
        } // run()
      });
    }
    
    /*void parseSub(unstructure_Receiver out) {
      int n = l(stack);
      parse(out);
      while (l(stack) > n)
        stack
    }*/
    
    void consume() { curT = tok.next(); ++i; }
    
    void consume(String s) {
      if (!eq(t(), s)) {
        /*S prevToken = i-1 >= 0 ? tok.get(i-1) : "";
        S nextTokens = join(tok.subList(i, Math.min(i+2, tok.size())));
        fail(quote(s) + " expected: " + prevToken + " " + nextTokens + " (" + i + "/" + tok.size() + ")");*/
        throw fail(quote(s) + " expected, got " + quote(t()));
      }
      consume();
    }
    
    void parse_x(unstructure_Receiver out) {
      consume(); // get first token
      parse(out);
      while (nempty(stack))
        popLast(stack).run();
    }
  }
  
  final Var v = new Var();
  X x = new X();
  x.parse_x(new unstructure_Receiver() {
    void set(Object o) { v.set(o); }
  });
  unstructure_tokrefs = x.tokrefs.size();
  return v.get();
}

static boolean unstructure_debug;
static String unquote(String s) {
  if (s == null) return null;
  if (s.startsWith("[")) {
    int i = 1;
    while (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '=') ++i;
    if (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '[') {
      String m = s.substring(1, i);
      if (s.endsWith("]" + m + "]"))
        return s.substring(i+1, s.length()-i-1);
    }
  }
  
  if ((s.startsWith("\"") || s.startsWith("\'")) && s.length() > 1) {
    int l = s.endsWith(substring(s, 0, 1)) ? s.length()-1 : s.length();
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(l-1);

    for (int i = 1; i < l; i++) {
      char ch = s.charAt(i);
      if (ch == '\\') {
        char nextChar = (i == l - 1) ? '\\' : s.charAt(i + 1);
        // Octal escape?
        if (nextChar >= '0' && nextChar <= '7') {
            String code = "" + nextChar;
            i++;
            if ((i < l - 1) && s.charAt(i + 1) >= '0'
                    && s.charAt(i + 1) <= '7') {
                code += s.charAt(i + 1);
                i++;
                if ((i < l - 1) && s.charAt(i + 1) >= '0'
                        && s.charAt(i + 1) <= '7') {
                    code += s.charAt(i + 1);
                    i++;
                }
            }
            sb.append((char) Integer.parseInt(code, 8));
            continue;
        }
        switch (nextChar) {
        case '\\':
            ch = '\\';
            break;
        case 'b':
            ch = '\b';
            break;
        case 'f':
            ch = '\f';
            break;
        case 'n':
            ch = '\n';
            break;
        case 'r':
            ch = '\r';
            break;
        case 't':
            ch = '\t';
            break;
        case '\"':
            ch = '\"';
            break;
        case '\'':
            ch = '\'';
            break;
        // Hex Unicode: u????
        case 'u':
            if (i >= l - 5) {
                ch = 'u';
                break;
            }
            int code = Integer.parseInt(
                    "" + s.charAt(i + 2) + s.charAt(i + 3)
                       + s.charAt(i + 4) + s.charAt(i + 5), 16);
            sb.append(Character.toChars(code));
            i += 5;
            continue;
        default:
          ch = nextChar; // added by Stefan
        }
        i++;
      }
      sb.append(ch);
    }
    return sb.toString();   
  }
  
  return s; // not quoted - return original
}
static Dimension getScreenSize() {
  return Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
}


static byte[] hexToBytes(String s) {
  int n = l(s) / 2;
  byte[] bytes = new byte[n];
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    String hex = substring(s, i*2, i*2+2);
    try {
      bytes[i] = (byte) parseHexByte(hex);
    } catch (Throwable _e) {
      throw fail("Bad hex byte: " + quote(hex) + " at " + i*2 + "/" + l(s));
    }
  }
  return bytes;
}
static HashMap<Class,Constructor> nuEmptyObject_cache = new HashMap();

static <A> A nuEmptyObject(Class<A> c) { try {
  Constructor ctr;
  
  synchronized(nuEmptyObject_cache) {
    ctr = nuEmptyObject_cache.get(c);
    if (ctr == null) {
      nuEmptyObject_cache.put(c, ctr = nuEmptyObject_findConstructor(c));
      ctr.setAccessible(true);
    }
  }

  return (A) ctr.newInstance();
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static Constructor nuEmptyObject_findConstructor(Class c) {
  for (Constructor m : c.getDeclaredConstructors())
    if (m.getParameterTypes().length == 0)
      return m;
  throw fail("No default constructor declared in " + c.getName());
}

static boolean setOptAllDyn_debug;

static void setOptAllDyn(DynamicObject o, Map<String, Object> fields) {
  if (fields == null) return;
  for (String field : keys(fields)) {
    Object val = fields.get(field);
    boolean has = hasField(o, field);
    if (has)
      setOpt(o, field, val);
    else {
      o.fieldValues.put(field.intern(), val);
      if (setOptAllDyn_debug) print("setOptAllDyn added dyn " + field + " to " + o + " [value: " + val + ", fieldValues = " + systemHashCode(o.fieldValues) + ", " + struct(keys(o.fieldValues)) + "]");
    }
  }
}
static boolean structure_isMarker(String s, int i, int j) {
  if (i >= j) return false;
  if (s.charAt(i) != 'm') return false;
  ++i;
  while (i < j) {
    char c = s.charAt(i);
    if (c < '0' || c > '9') return false;
    ++i;
  }
  return true;
}
static Object newObject(Class c, Object... args) {
  return nuObject(c, args);
}

static Object newObject(String className, Object... args) {
  return nuObject(className, args);
}

static <A> List<A> subList(List<A> l, int startIndex) {
  return subList(l, startIndex, l(l));
}

static <A> List<A> subList(List<A> l, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
  startIndex = max(0, min(l(l), startIndex));
  endIndex = max(0, min(l(l), endIndex));
  if (startIndex > endIndex) return litlist();
  return l.subList(startIndex, endIndex);
}


static boolean isInteger(String s) {
  if (s == null) return false;
  int n = l(s);
  if (n == 0) return false;
  int i = 0;
  if (s.charAt(0) == '-')
    if (++i >= n) return false;
  while (i < n) {
    char c = s.charAt(i);
    if (c < '0' || c > '9') return false;
    ++i;
  }
  return true;
}
static boolean jmatch(String pat, String s) {
  return jmatch(pat, s, null);
}

static boolean jmatch(String pat, String s, Matches matches) {
  if (s == null) return false;
  return jmatch(pat, javaTok(s), matches);
}

static boolean jmatch(String pat, List<String> toks) {
  return jmatch(pat, toks, null);
}

static boolean jmatch(String pat, List<String> toks, Matches matches) {
  List<String> tokpat = javaTok(pat);
  String[] m = match2(tokpat, toks);
  //print(structure(tokpat) + " on " + structure(toks) + " => " + structure(m));
  if (m == null)
    return false;
  else {
    if (matches != null) matches.m = m;
    return true;
  }
}
static Producer<String> javaTokC_noMLS_iterator(final String s) {
  return new Producer<String>() {
    final int l = s.length();
    int i = 0;
    
    public String next() {
      if (i >= l) return null;
      
      int j = i;
      char c, d;
      
      // scan for whitespace
      while (j < l) {
        c = s.charAt(j);
        d = j+1 >= l ? '\0' : s.charAt(j+1);
        if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
          ++j;
        else if (c == '/' && d == '*') {
          do ++j; while (j < l && !s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l)).equals("*/"));
          j = Math.min(j+2, l);
        } else if (c == '/' && d == '/') {
          do ++j; while (j < l && "\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) < 0);
        } else
          break;
      }
      
      i = j;
      if (i >= l) return null;
      c = s.charAt(i);
      d = i+1 >= l ? '\0' : s.charAt(i+1);
  
      // scan for non-whitespace
      if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
        char opener = c;
        ++j;
        while (j < l) {
          if (s.charAt(j) == opener || s.charAt(j) == '\n') { // end at \n to not propagate unclosed string literal errors
            ++j;
            break;
          } else if (s.charAt(j) == '\\' && j+1 < l)
            j += 2;
          else
            ++j;
        }
      } else if (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(c))
        do ++j; while (j < l && (Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)) || "'".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) >= 0)); // for stuff like "don't"
      else if (Character.isDigit(c)) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
        if (j < l && s.charAt(j) == 'L') ++j; // Long constants like 1L
      } else
        ++j;
        
      String t = quickSubstring(s, i, j);
      i = j;
      return t;
    }
  };
}

static boolean warn_on = true;

static void warn(String s) {
  if (warn_on)
    print("Warning: " + s);
}

static void warn(String s, List<String> warnings) {
  warn(s);
  if (warnings != null)
    warnings.add(s);
}
static void setOptAll(Object o, Map<String, Object> fields) {
  if (fields == null) return;
  for (String field : keys(fields))
    setOpt(o, field, fields.get(field));
}

static void setOptAll(Object o, Object... values) {
  //values = expandParams(c.getClass(), values);
  warnIfOddCount(values);
  for (int i = 0; i+1 < l(values); i += 2) {
    String field = (String) values[i];
    Object value = values[i+1];
    setOpt(o, field, value);
  }
}
static char unquoteCharacter(String s) {
  assertTrue(s.startsWith("'") && s.length() > 1);
  return unquote("\"" + s.substring(1, s.endsWith("'") ? s.length()-1 : s.length()) + "\"").charAt(0);
}
static Producer<String> javaTokC_noMLS_onReader(final BufferedReader r) {
  final class X implements Producer<String> {
    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(); // stores from "i"
    char c, d, e = 'x'; // just not '\0'
    
    X() {
      // fill c, d and e
      nc();
      nc();
      nc();
    }
    
    // get next character(s) into c, d and e
    void nc() { try {
      c = d;
      d = e;
      if (e == '\0') return;
      int i = r.read();
      e = i < 0 ? '\0' : (char) i;
    } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
    
    void ncSave() {
      if (c != '\0') {
        buf.append(c);
        nc();
      }
    }
    
    public String next() {
      // scan for whitespace
      while (c != '\0') {
        if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
          nc();
        else if (c == '/' && d == '*') {
          do nc(); while (c != '\0' && !(c == '*' && d == '/'));
          nc(); nc();
        } else if (c == '/' && d == '/') {
          do nc(); while (c != '\0' && "\r\n".indexOf(c) < 0);
        } else
          break;
      }
      
      if (c == '\0') return null;

      // scan for non-whitespace
      if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
        char opener = c;
        ncSave();
        while (c != '\0') {
          if (c == opener || c == '\n') { // end at \n to not propagate unclosed string literal errors
            ncSave();
            break;
          } else if (c == '\\') {
            ncSave();
            ncSave();
          } else
            ncSave();
        }
      } else if (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(c))
        do ncSave(); while (Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(c) || c == '\''); // for stuff like "don't"
      else if (Character.isDigit(c)) {
        do ncSave(); while (Character.isDigit(c));
        if (c == 'L') ncSave(); // Long constants like 1L
      } else
        ncSave();
        
      String t = buf.toString();
      buf.setLength(0);
      return t;
    }
  }
  
  return new X();
}

static <A> A nuStubInnerObject(Class<A> c) { try {
  Class outerType = getOuterClass(c);
  Constructor m = c.getDeclaredConstructor(outerType);
  m.setAccessible(true);
  return (A) m.newInstance(new Object[] {null});
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
static boolean[] boolArrayFromBytes(byte[] a, int n) {
  boolean[] b = new boolean[n];
  int m = min(n, l(a)*8);
  for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    b[i] = (a[i/8] & 1 << (i & 7)) != 0;
  return b;
}
static HashMap<String,Class> findClass_cache = new HashMap();

// currently finds only inner classes of class "main"
// returns null on not found
// this is the simple version that is not case-tolerant
static Class findClass(String name) {
  synchronized(findClass_cache) {
    if (findClass_cache.containsKey(name))
      return findClass_cache.get(name);
      
    if (!isJavaIdentifier(name)) return null;
    
    Class c;
    try {
      c = Class.forName("main$" + name);
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
      c = null;
    }
    findClass_cache.put(name, c);
    return c;
  }
}
static boolean isJavaIdentifier(String s) {
  if (empty(s) || !Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(s.charAt(0)))
    return false;
  for (int i = 1; i < s.length(); i++)
    if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(i)))
      return false;
  return true;
}
static float parseFloat(String s) {
  return Float.parseFloat(s);
}
static boolean isLongConstant(String s) {
  if (!s.endsWith("L")) return false;
  s = s.substring(0, l(s)-1);
  return isInteger(s);
}
static String internIfLongerThan(String s, int l) {
  return s == null ? null : l(s) >= l ? s.intern() : s;
}
static void pcallOpt_noArgs(Object o, String method) {
  try { callOpt_noArgs(o, method); } catch (Throwable __e) { printStackTrace2(__e); }
}
static int[] toIntArray(List<Integer> l) {
  int[] a = new int[l(l)];
  for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
    a[i] = l.get(i);
  return a;
}
static void printStructure(String prefix, Object o) {
  if (endsWithLetter(prefix)) prefix += ": ";
  print(prefix + structureForUser(o));
}

static void printStructure(Object o) {
  print(structureForUser(o));
}

static boolean eqOneOf(Object o, Object... l) {
  for (Object x : l) if (eq(o, x)) return true; return false;
}
static double parseDouble(String s) {
  return Double.parseDouble(s);
}


// replacement for class JavaTok
// maybe incomplete, might want to add floating point numbers
// todo also: extended multi-line strings

static int javaTok_n, javaTok_elements;
static boolean javaTok_opt;

static List<String> javaTok(String s) {
  return javaTok(s, null);
}

static List<String> javaTok(String s, List<String> existing) {
  ++javaTok_n;
  int nExisting = javaTok_opt && existing != null ? existing.size() : 0;
  ArrayList<String> tok = existing != null ? new ArrayList(nExisting) : new ArrayList();
  int l = s.length();
  
  int i = 0, n = 0;
  while (i < l) {
    int j = i;
    char c, d;
    
    // scan for whitespace
    while (j < l) {
      c = s.charAt(j);
      d = j+1 >= l ? '\0' : s.charAt(j+1);
      if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
        ++j;
      else if (c == '/' && d == '*') {
        do ++j; while (j < l && !s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l)).equals("*/"));
        j = Math.min(j+2, l);
      } else if (c == '/' && d == '/') {
        do ++j; while (j < l && "\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) < 0);
      } else
        break;
    }
    
    if (n < nExisting && javaTok_isCopyable(existing.get(n), s, i, j))
      tok.add(existing.get(n));
    else
      tok.add(quickSubstring(s, i, j));
    ++n;
    i = j;
    if (i >= l) break;
    c = s.charAt(i);
    d = i+1 >= l ? '\0' : s.charAt(i+1);

    // scan for non-whitespace
    
    // Special JavaX syntax: 'identifier
    if (c == '\'' && Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(d) && i+2 < l && "'\\".indexOf(s.charAt(i+2)) < 0) {
      j += 2;
      while (j < l && Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)))
        ++j;
    } else if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
      char opener = c;
      ++j;
      while (j < l) {
        if (s.charAt(j) == opener /*|| s.charAt(j) == '\n'*/) { // allow multi-line strings
          ++j;
          break;
        } else if (s.charAt(j) == '\\' && j+1 < l)
          j += 2;
        else
          ++j;
      }
    } else if (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && (Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)) || "'".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) >= 0)); // for stuff like "don't"
    else if (Character.isDigit(c)) {
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
      if (j < l && s.charAt(j) == 'L') ++j; // Long constants like 1L
    } else if (c == '[' && d == '[') {
      do ++j; while (j+1 < l && !s.substring(j, j+2).equals("]]"));
      j = Math.min(j+2, l);
    } else if (c == '[' && d == '=' && i+2 < l && s.charAt(i+2) == '[') {
      do ++j; while (j+2 < l && !s.substring(j, j+3).equals("]=]"));
      j = Math.min(j+3, l);
    } else
      ++j;
      
    if (n < nExisting && javaTok_isCopyable(existing.get(n), s, i, j))
      tok.add(existing.get(n));
    else
      tok.add(quickSubstring(s, i, j));
    ++n;
    i = j;
  }
  
  if ((tok.size() % 2) == 0) tok.add("");
  javaTok_elements += tok.size();
  return tok;
}

static List<String> javaTok(List<String> tok) {
  return javaTok(join(tok), tok);
}

static boolean javaTok_isCopyable(String t, String s, int i, int j) {
  return t.length() == j-i
    && s.regionMatches(i, t, 0, j-i); // << could be left out, but that's brave
}
static boolean hasField(Object o, String field) {
  return findField2(o, field) != null;
}
// match2 matches multiple "*" (matches a single token) wildcards and zero or one "..." wildcards (matches multiple tokens)

static String[] match2(List<String> pat, List<String> tok) {
  // standard case (no ...)
  int i = pat.indexOf("...");
  if (i < 0) return match2_match(pat, tok);
  
  pat = new ArrayList<String>(pat); // We're modifying it, so copy first
  pat.set(i, "*");
  while (pat.size() < tok.size()) {
    pat.add(i, "*");
    pat.add(i+1, ""); // doesn't matter
  }
  
  return match2_match(pat, tok);
}

static String[] match2_match(List<String> pat, List<String> tok) {
  List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
  if (pat.size() != tok.size()) {
    
    return null;
  }
  for (int i = 1; i < pat.size(); i += 2) {
    String p = pat.get(i), t = tok.get(i);
    
    if (eq(p, "*"))
      result.add(t);
    else if (!equalsIgnoreCase(unquote(p), unquote(t))) // bold change - match quoted and unquoted now
      return null;
  }
  return result.toArray(new String[result.size()]);
}

static int systemHashCode(Object o) {
  return identityHashCode(o);
}
static Field setOpt_findField(Class c, String field) {
  HashMap<String, Field> map;
  synchronized(getOpt_cache) {
    map = getOpt_cache.get(c);
    if (map == null)
      map = getOpt_makeCache(c);
  }
  return map.get(field);
}

static void setOpt(Object o, String field, Object value) { try {
  if (o == null) return;
  
  Class c = o.getClass();
  HashMap<String, Field> map;
  
  synchronized(getOpt_cache) {
    map = getOpt_cache.get(c);
    if (map == null)
      map = getOpt_makeCache(c);
  }
  
  if (map == getOpt_special) {
    if (o instanceof Class) {
      setOpt((Class) o, field, value);
      return;
    }
    
    // It's probably a subclass of Map. Use raw method
    setOpt_raw(o, field, value);
    return;
  }
  
  Field f = map.get(field);
  if (f != null)
    smartSet(f, o, value); // possible improvement: skip setAccessible
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static void setOpt(Class c, String field, Object value) {
  if (c == null) return;
  try {
    Field f = setOpt_findStaticField(c, field);
    if (f != null)
      smartSet(f, null, value);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}
  
static Field setOpt_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return null;
}
static Class getOuterClass(Class c) { try {
  String s = c.getName();
  int i = s.lastIndexOf('$');
  return Class.forName(substring(s, 0, i));
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
static boolean endsWithLetter(String s) {
  return nempty(s) && isLetter(last(s));
}
static WeakHashMap<Class, HashMap<String, Method>> callOpt_noArgs_cache = new WeakHashMap();

static Object callOpt_noArgs(Object o, String method) { try {
  if (o == null) return null;
  if (o instanceof Class)
    return callOpt(o, method); // not optimized
  
  Class c = o.getClass();
  HashMap<String, Method> map;
  synchronized(callOpt_noArgs_cache) {
    map = callOpt_noArgs_cache.get(c);
    if (map == null)
      map = callOpt_noArgs_makeCache(c);
  }

  Method m = map.get(method);
  return m != null ? m.invoke(o) : null;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

// used internally - we are in synchronized block
static HashMap<String, Method> callOpt_noArgs_makeCache(Class c) {
  HashMap<String,Method> map = new HashMap();
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods())
      if (m.getParameterTypes().length == 0) {
        m.setAccessible(true);
        String name = m.getName();
        if (!map.containsKey(name))
          map.put(name, m);
      }
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  callOpt_noArgs_cache.put(c, map);
  return map;
}
static String structureForUser(Object o) {
  return beautifyStructure(struct_noStringSharing(o));
}
static int parseHexByte(String s) {
  return Integer.parseInt(s, 16);
}


static boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String a, String b) {
  return a == null ? b == null : a.equalsIgnoreCase(b);
}

static boolean equalsIgnoreCase(char a, char b) {
  if (a == b) return true;
  char u1 = Character.toUpperCase(a);
  char u2 = Character.toUpperCase(b);
  if (u1 == u2) return true;
  return Character.toLowerCase(u1) == Character.toLowerCase(u2);
}
static <A> A last(List<A> l) {
  return l.isEmpty() ? null : l.get(l.size()-1);
}

static char last(String s) {
  return empty(s) ? '#' : s.charAt(l(s)-1);
}

static int last(int[] a) {
  return l(a) != 0 ? a[l(a)-1] : 0;
}
static String beautifyStructure(String s) {
  return structure_addTokenMarkers(s);
}
static Field findField2(Object o, String field) {
  if (o instanceof Class) return findField2_findStaticField((Class) o, field);
  return findField2_findField(o.getClass(), field);
}

static Field findField2_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return null;
}

static Field findField2_findField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field))
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return null;
}
static String struct_noStringSharing(Object o) {
  structure_Data d = new structure_Data();
  d.noStringSharing = true;
  return structure(o, d);
}
static int identityHashCode(Object o) {
  return System.identityHashCode(o);
}
static void setOpt_raw(Object o, String field, Object value) {
  if (o == null) return;
  if (o instanceof Class) setOpt_raw((Class) o, field, value);
  else try {
    Field f = setOpt_raw_findField(o.getClass(), field);
    if (f != null)
      smartSet(f, o, value);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static void setOpt_raw(Class c, String field, Object value) {
  if (c == null) return;
  try {
    Field f = setOpt_raw_findStaticField(c, field);
    if (f != null)
      smartSet(f, null, value);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}
  
static Field setOpt_raw_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return null;
}

static Field setOpt_raw_findField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field))
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return null;
}
static boolean isLetter(char c) {
  return Character.isLetter(c);
}
static void smartSet(Field f, Object o, Object value) throws Exception {
  f.setAccessible(true);
  
  // take care of common case (long to int)
  if (f.getType() == int.class && value instanceof Long)
    value = ((Long) value).intValue();
    
  try {
    f.set(o, value);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    
      try {
        if (f.getType() == Concept.Ref.class) {
          f.set(o, ((Concept) o).new Ref((Concept) value));
          return;
        }
        if (o instanceof Concept.Ref) {
          f.set(o, ((Concept.Ref) o).get());
          return;
        }
      } catch (Throwable _e) {}
    
    throw e;
  }
}


static String structure_addTokenMarkers(String s) {
  List<String> tok = javaTok(s);
  
  // find references
  
  TreeSet<Integer> refs = new TreeSet();
  for (int i = 1; i < l(tok); i += 2) {
    String t = tok.get(i);
    if (t.startsWith("t") && isInteger(t.substring(1)))
      refs.add(parseInt(t.substring(1)));
  }
  
  if (empty(refs)) return s;
  
  // add markers
  for (int i : refs) {
    int idx = i*2+1;
    String t = "";
    if (endsWithLetterOrDigit(tok.get(idx-1))) t = " ";
    tok.set(idx, t + "m" + i + " " + tok.get(idx));
  }
  
  return join(tok);
}


static boolean endsWithLetterOrDigit(String s) {
  return nempty(s) && isLetterOrDigit(lastCharacter(s));
}


static char lastCharacter(String s) {
  return empty(s) ? 0 : s.charAt(l(s)-1);
}
static boolean isLetterOrDigit(char c) {
  return Character.isLetterOrDigit(c);
}


static class VarInConcept<A> implements IVar<A> {
  IVar<A> v;
  Concept cc;
  
  VarInConcept() {} // for persistence
  VarInConcept(IVar<A> v, Concept cc) {
  this.cc = cc;
  this.v = v;}
  
  public void set(A a) { v.set(a); change(); }
  public synchronized A get() { return v.get(); }
  public synchronized boolean has() { return v.has(); }
  public synchronized void clear() { v.clear(); change(); }
  
  void change() { if (cc != null) cc.change(); }
  
  IVar<A> unwrap() { return v; }
  
  public String toString() { return str(v); }
}

static interface IVar<A> {
  void set(A a);
  A get();
  boolean has();
  void clear();
}

static class SetInConcept<E> extends CollectionInConcept<E> implements Set<E> {
  SetInConcept() {} // for persistence
  SetInConcept(Set<E> set, Concept cc) {
    super(set, cc);
  }
  
  public boolean equals(Object o) {
      if (this == o)
          return true;
      synchronized (this) {return c.equals(o);}
  }
  
  public int hashCode() {
      synchronized (this) {return c.hashCode();}
  }
}

static class MapInConcept<K, V> implements Map<K, V> {
  Map<K, V> m;  // Backing Map
  Concept cc;

  MapInConcept() {} // for persistence
  MapInConcept(Map<K, V> m, Concept cc) {
  this.cc = cc;
  this.m = m;}

  public int size() {
      synchronized (this) {return m.size();}
  }
  public boolean isEmpty() {
      synchronized (this) {return m.isEmpty();}
  }
  public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
      synchronized (this) {return m.containsKey(key);}
  }
  public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
      synchronized (this) {return m.containsValue(value);}
  }
  public V get(Object key) {
      synchronized (this) {return m.get(key);}
  }

  public V put(K key, V value) {
      try { synchronized (this) {return m.put(key, value);} } finally { cc.change(); }
  }
  public V remove(Object key) {
      try { synchronized (this) {return m.remove(key);} } finally { cc.change(); }
  }
  public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> map) {
      synchronized (this) {m.putAll(map);} cc.change();
  }
  public void clear() {
      synchronized (this) {m.clear();} cc.change();
  }

  private transient Set<K> keySet;
  private transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet;
  private transient Collection<V> values;

  public Set<K> keySet() {
      synchronized (this) {
          if (keySet==null)
              keySet = new SynchronizedSet(m.keySet(), this);
          return keySet;
      }
  }

  public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() {
      synchronized (this) {
          if (entrySet==null)
              entrySet = new SynchronizedSet(m.entrySet(), this);
          return entrySet;
      }
  }

  public Collection<V> values() {
      synchronized (this) {
          if (values==null)
              values = new SynchronizedCollection(m.values(), this);
          return values;
      }
  }

  public boolean equals(Object o) {
      if (this == o)
          return true;
      synchronized (this) {return m.equals(o);} // TODO: deadlock?
  }
  public int hashCode() {
      synchronized (this) {return m.hashCode();}
  }
  public String toString() {
      synchronized (this) {return m.toString();}
  }

  // 1.8 stuff omitted
  
  Map<K, V> unwrap() { return m; }
}

static class ListInConcept<E> extends CollectionInConcept<E> implements List<E> {
  List<E> list;
  
  ListInConcept() {} // for persistence

  ListInConcept(List<E> list, Concept cc) {
    super(list, cc);
    this.list = list;
  }
  
  public boolean equals(Object o) {
      if (this == o)
          return true;
      synchronized (this) {return list.equals(o);}
  }
  public int hashCode() {
      synchronized (this) {return list.hashCode();}
  }

  public E get(int index) {
      synchronized (this) {return list.get(index);}
  }
  public E set(int index, E element) {
      synchronized (this) {return list.set(index, element);}
  }
  public void add(int index, E element) {
      synchronized (this) {list.add(index, element);} change();
  }
  public E remove(int index) {
    E e;
    synchronized (this) { e = list.remove(index); }
    change();
    return e;
  }

  public int indexOf(Object o) {
      synchronized (this) {return list.indexOf(o);}
  }
  public int lastIndexOf(Object o) {
      synchronized (this) {return list.lastIndexOf(o);}
  }

  public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
      synchronized (this) {if (!list.addAll(index, c)) return false;} change(); return true;
  }

  public ListIterator<E> listIterator() {
      return list.listIterator(); // doesn't implement all methods
  }

  public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) {
      return list.listIterator(index); // doesn't implement all methods
  }

  public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
      synchronized (this) {
          return new ListInConcept<>(list.subList(fromIndex, toIndex), cc);
      }
  }

  /*public void replaceAll(UnaryOperator<E> operator) {
      synchronized (this) {list.replaceAll(operator);}
  }*/
  
  public void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) {
      synchronized (this) {list.sort(c);} change();
  }
}

static interface ILister {
  List getList(String name);
  List getList(String name, List defaultList);
  Map getTreeMap(String name);
  Map getHashMap(String name);
  Set getTreeSet(String name);
  IVar getVar(String name, Object defaultValue);
}

static interface Producer<A> {
  public A next();
}

static class RemoteDB {
  DialogIO db;
  String name;
  
  // s = bot name or snippet ID
  RemoteDB(String s) {
    this(s, false);
  }
  
  RemoteDB(String s, boolean autoStart) {
    name = s;
    if (isSnippetID(s)) name = dbBotName(s);
    db = findBot(name);
    if (db == null)
      if (autoStart) {
        nohupJavax(fsI(s));
        waitForBotStartUp(name);
        assertNotNull("Weird problem", db = findBot(s));
      } else
        throw fail("DB " + s + " not running");
  }

  boolean functional() { return db != null; } // now always true
  
  List<RC> list() { return adopt((List<RC>) rpc(db, "xlist")); }
  List<RC> list(String className) { return adopt((List<RC>) rpc(db, "xlist", className)); }
  List<RC> xlist() { return list(); }
  List<RC> xlist(String className) { return list(className); }
  
  // adopt is an internal method
  List<RC> adopt(List<RC> l) {
    if (l != null) for (RC rc : l) adopt(rc);
    return l;
  }
  
  RC adopt(RC rc) { if (rc != null) rc.db = this; return rc; }
  
  Object adopt(Object o) {
    if (o instanceof RC) return adopt((RC) o);
    return o;
  }
  
  String xclass(RC o) {
    return (String) rpc(db, "xclass", o);
  }
  
  Object xget(RC o, String field) {
    return adopt(rpc(db, "xget", o, field));
  }
  
  String xS(RC o, String field) {
    return (String) xget(o, field);
  }
  
  RC xgetref(RC o, String field) {
    return adopt((RC) xget(o, field));
  }
  
  void xset(RC o, String field, Object value) {
    rpc(db, "xset", o, field, value);
  }
  
  RC uniq(String className) {
    RC ref = first(list(className));
    if (ref == null)
      ref = xnew(className);
    return ref;
  }
  RC xuniq(String className) { return uniq(className); }
  
  RC xnew(String className, Object... values) {
    return adopt((RC) rpc(db, "xnew", className, values));
  }
  
  void xdelete(RC o) {
    rpc(db, "xdelete", o);
  }
  
  void xdelete(List<RC> l) {
    rpc(db, "xdelete", l);
  }

  void close() {
    if (db != null)
      db.close();
  }
  
  String fullgrab() { return (String) rpc(db, "xfullgrab"); }
  String xfullgrab() { return fullgrab(); }
  
  void xshutdown() { rpc(db, "xshutdown"); }
  
  long xchangeCount() { return (long) rpc(db, "xchangeCount"); }
  int xcount() { return (int) rpc(db, "xcount"); }

  void reconnect() {
    close();
    db = findBot(name);
  }
  
  RC rc(long id) { return new RC(this, id); }
}

static class Matches {
  String[] m;
  
  Matches() {}
  Matches(String... m) {
  this.m = m;}
  
  String get(int i) { return i < m.length ? m[i] : null; }
  String unq(int i) { return unquote(get(i)); }
  String fsi(int i) { return formatSnippetID(unq(i)); }
  String fsi() { return fsi(0); }
  String tlc(int i) { return unq(i).toLowerCase(); }
  boolean bool(int i) { return "true".equals(unq(i)); }
  String rest() { return m[m.length-1]; } // for matchStart
  int psi(int i) { return Integer.parseInt(unq(i)); }
}


static <A> List<A> filterByDynamicType(Collection<A> c, String type) {
  List<A> l = new ArrayList();
  for (A x : c)
    if (eq(dynamicClassName(x), type))
      l.add(x);
  return l;
}
static long waitForBotStartUp_timeoutSeconds = 60;

// returns address or fails
static String waitForBotStartUp(String botName) {
  for (int i = 0; i < waitForBotStartUp_timeoutSeconds; i++) {
    sleepSeconds(i == 0 ? 0 : 1);
    String addr = getBotAddress(botName);
    if (addr != null)
      return addr;
  }
  throw fail("Bot not found: " + quote(botName));
}
static <A> A firstOfType(Collection c, Class<A> type) {
  for (Object x : c)
    if (isInstanceX(type, x))
      return (A) x;
  return null;
}
static Concept getConcept(long id) {
  return mainConcepts.getConcept(id);
}

static <A extends Concept> A getConcept(Class<A> cc, long id) {
  return getConcept(mainConcepts, cc, id);
}

static <A extends Concept> A getConcept(Concepts concepts, Class<A> cc, long id) {
  Concept c = concepts.getConcept(id);
  if (c == null) return null;
  if (!isInstance(cc, c))
    throw fail("Can't convert concept: " + getClassName(c) + " -> " + getClassName(cc) + " (" + id + ")");
  return (A) c;
}
static Collection<Concept> allConcepts() {
  return mainConcepts.allConcepts();
}

static Collection<Concept> allConcepts(Concepts concepts) {
  return concepts.allConcepts();
}

static void set(Object o, String field, Object value) {
  if (o instanceof Class) set((Class) o, field, value);
  else try {
    Field f = set_findField(o.getClass(), field);
    smartSet(f, o, value);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static void set(Class c, String field, Object value) {
  try {
    Field f = set_findStaticField(c, field);
    smartSet(f, null, value);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}
  
static Field set_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  throw new RuntimeException("Static field '" + field + "' not found in " + c.getName());
}

static Field set_findField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field))
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  throw new RuntimeException("Field '" + field + "' not found in " + c.getName());
}
// firstDelay = delay
static java.util.Timer doEvery_daemon(int delay, final Object r) {
  return doEvery_daemon(delay, delay, r);
}

static java.util.Timer doEvery_daemon(int delay, int firstDelay, final Object r) {
  final java.util.Timer timer = new java.util.Timer(true);
  timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(smartTimerTask(r, timer, delay), firstDelay, delay);
  return timer;
}

static Map<String, Integer> findBot_cache = synchroHashMap();
static int findBot_timeout = 5000;

static DialogIO findBot(String searchPattern) {
  // first split off sub-bot suffix
  String subBot = null;
  int i = searchPattern.indexOf('/');
  if (i >= 0 && (isJavaIdentifier(searchPattern.substring(0, i)) || isInteger(searchPattern.substring(0, i)))) {
    subBot = searchPattern.substring(i+1);
    searchPattern = searchPattern.substring(0, i);
    if (!isInteger(searchPattern))
      searchPattern = "Multi-Port at " + searchPattern + ".";
  }
  
  // assume it's a port if it's an integer
  if (isInteger(searchPattern))
    return talkToSubBot(subBot, talkTo(parseInt(searchPattern)));
    
  if (eq(searchPattern, "remote"))
    return talkToSubBot(subBot, talkTo("second.tinybrain.de", 4999));
    
  Integer port = findBot_cache.get(searchPattern);
  if (port != null) try {
    DialogIO io = talkTo("localhost", port);
    io.waitForLine(/*findBot_timeout*/); // TODO: implement
    String line = io.readLineNoBlock();
    if (indexOfIgnoreCase(line, searchPattern) == 0) {
      call(io, "pushback", line); // put hello string back in
      return talkToSubBot(subBot, io);
    }
  } catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  }
  
  List<ProgramScan.Program> bots = quickBotScan();
  
  // find top-level bots
  for (ProgramScan.Program p : bots) {
    if (indexOfIgnoreCase(p.helloString, searchPattern) == 0) { // strict matching - start of hello string only, but case-insensitive
      findBot_cache.put(searchPattern, p.port);
      return talkToSubBot(subBot, talkTo("localhost", p.port));
    }
  }
  
  // find sub-bots
  for (ProgramScan.Program p : bots) {
    String botName = firstPartOfHelloString(p.helloString);
    boolean isVM = startsWithIgnoreCase(p.helloString, "This is a JavaX VM.");
    boolean shouldRecurse = startsWithIgnoreCase(botName, "Multi-Port") || isVM;
        
    if (shouldRecurse) try {
      Map<Number, String> subBots = (Map) unstructure(sendToLocalBotQuietly(p.port, "list bots"));
      for (Number vport : subBots.keySet()) {
        String name = subBots.get(vport);
        if (startsWithIgnoreCase(name, searchPattern))
          return talkToSubBot(vport.longValue(), talkTo("localhost", p.port));
      }
    } catch (Throwable __e) { print(exceptionToStringShort(__e)); }
  }
        
  return null;
}
static float abs(float f) { return Math.abs(f); }
static int abs(int i) { return Math.abs(i); }
static double abs(double d) { return Math.abs(d); }
static Concept cnew(String name, Object... values) {
  Class<? extends Concept> cc = findClass(name);
  Concept c = cc != null ? nuObject(cc) : new Concept(name);
  csetAll(c, values);
  return c;
}

static Concept cnew(Concepts concepts, String name, Object... values) {
  Class<? extends Concept> cc = findClass(name);
  concepts_unlisted.set(true);
  Concept c;
  try {
    c = cc != null ? nuObject(cc) : new Concept(name);
  } finally {
    concepts_unlisted.set(null);
  }
  concepts.register(c);
  csetAll(c, values);
  return c;
}

static <A extends Concept> A cnew(Class<A> cc, Object... values) {
  A c = nuObject(cc);
  csetAll(c, values);
  return c;
}

static <A extends Concept> A cnew(Concepts concepts, Class<A> cc, Object... values) {
  concepts_unlisted.set(true);
  A c;
  try {
    c = nuObject(cc);
  } finally {
    concepts_unlisted.set(null);
  }
  concepts.register(c);
  csetAll(c, values);
  return c;
}

static String loadConceptsStructure(String progID) {
  return loadTextFilePossiblyGZipped(getProgramFile(progID, "concepts.structure"));
}

static String loadConceptsStructure() {
  return loadConceptsStructure(dbProgramID());
}
static <A> void addAll(Collection<A> c, Collection<A> b) {
  if (c != null && b != null) c.addAll(b);
}

static <A> void addAll(Collection<A> c, A... b) {
  if (c != null) c.addAll(Arrays.asList(b));
}
static boolean bareDBMode_on;

static void bareDBMode() {
  bareDBMode(null); // default autoSaveInterval
}

static void bareDBMode(Integer autoSaveInterval) {
  bareDBMode_on = true;
  conceptsAndBot(autoSaveInterval);
}
static String dbBotName(String progID) {
  return fsI(progID) + " Concepts";
}
static void saveGZStructureToFile(File file, Object o) { try {
  File parentFile = file.getParentFile();
  if (parentFile != null)
    parentFile.mkdirs();
  File tempFile = tempFileFor(file);
  if (tempFile.exists()) try {
    String saveName = tempFile.getPath() + ".saved." + now();
    copyFile(tempFile, new File(saveName));
  } catch (Throwable e) { printStackTrace(e); }
  
  FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = newFileOutputStream(tempFile.getPath());
  try {
    GZIPOutputStream gos = new GZIPOutputStream(fileOutputStream);
    OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(gos, "UTF-8");
    PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(outputStreamWriter);
    structureToPrintWriter(o, printWriter);
    printWriter.close();
    gos.close();
    fileOutputStream.close();
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    fileOutputStream.close();
    tempFile.delete();
    throw rethrow(e);
  }
  
  if (file.exists() && !file.delete())
    throw new IOException("Can't delete " + file.getPath());

  if (!tempFile.renameTo(file))
    throw new IOException("Can't rename " + tempFile + " to " + file);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
static Str concept(String name) {
  for (Str s : list(Str.class))
    if (eqic(s.name, name) || containsIgnoreCase(s.otherNames, name))
      return s;
  return new Str(name);
}
static void saveLocally(String variableName) {
  saveLocally(programID(), variableName);
}

static void saveLocally(String progID, String variableName) {
  saveLocally2(mc(), progID, variableName);
}

static void saveLocally2(Object obj, String variableName) {
  saveLocally2(obj, programID(), variableName);
}

static void saveLocally2(Object obj, String progID, String variableName) {
  Lock _lock_1261 = saveLock(); lock(_lock_1261); try {
  File textFile = new File(programDir(progID), variableName + ".text");
  File structureFile = new File(programDir(progID), variableName + ".structure");
  Object x = get(obj, variableName);
  
  if (x == null) {
    textFile.delete();
    structureFile.delete();
  } else if (x instanceof String) {
    saveTextFile(textFile, (String) x);
    structureFile.delete();
  } else {
    saveTextFile(structureFile, javaTokWordWrap(structure(x)));
    textFile.delete();
  }
} finally { _lock_1261.unlock(); } }
static int hours() {
  return hours(Calendar.getInstance());
}

static int hours(Calendar c) {
  return c.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
}
static Lock dbLock() {
  return mainConcepts.lock;
}
static RemoteDB connectToDBOpt(String dbNameOrID) { try {
  return new RemoteDB(dbNameOrID);
} catch (Throwable __e) { return null; } }
static <A extends Concept> A findBackRef(Concept c, Class<A> type) {
  for (Concept.Ref r : c.backRefs)
    if (instanceOf(r.concept(), type))
      return (A) r.concept();
  return null;
}

static <A extends Concept> A findBackRef(Class<A> type, Concept c) {
  return findBackRef(c, type);
}
static String fsI(String id) {
  return formatSnippetID(id);
}

static String fsI(long id) {
  return formatSnippetID(id);
}
static <A> List<A> addDyn(List<A> l, A a) {
  if (l == null) l = new ArrayList();
  l.add(a);
  return l;
}
static long toK(long l) {
  return (l+1023)/1024;
}
// returns number of changes
static int cset(Concept c, Object... values) { try {
  int changes = 0;
  values = expandParams(c.getClass(), values);
  warnIfOddCount(values);
  for (int i = 0; i+1 < l(values); i += 2) {
    String field = (String) values[i];
    Object value = values[i+1];
    Field f = setOpt_findField(c.getClass(), field);
    //print("cset: " + c.id + " " + field + " " + struct(value) + " " + f);
    if (value instanceof RC) value = c._concepts.getConcept((RC) value);
    value = deref(value);
    
    if (value instanceof String && l((String) value) >= concepts_internStringsLongerThan) value = ((String) value).intern();
    
    if (f == null) {
      // TODO: keep ref if it exists
      mapPut2(c.fieldValues, field, value instanceof Concept ? c.new Ref((Concept) value) : value);
      c.change();
    } else if (isSubtypeOf(f.getType(), Concept.Ref.class)) {
      ((Concept.Ref) f.get(c)).set((Concept) derefRef(value));
      c.change(); ++changes;
    } else {
      Object old = f.get(c);
      if (neq(value, old)) {
        f.set(c, value);
        c.change(); ++changes;
      }
    }
  }
  return changes;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
static long toM(long l) {
  return (l+1024*1024-1)/(1024*1024);
}

static String toM(long l, int digits) {
  return formatDouble(toM_double(l), digits);
}
static <A> List<A> removeDyn(List<A> l, A a) {
  if (l == null) return null;
  l.remove(a);
  return empty(l) ? null : l;
}
static String fsi(String id) {
  return formatSnippetID(id);
}
static void clearConcepts() {
  mainConcepts.clearConcepts();
}

static void clearConcepts(Concepts concepts) {
  concepts.clearConcepts();
}
static SortedMap synchroTreeMap() {
  return Collections.synchronizedSortedMap(new TreeMap());
}

static void nohupJavax(final String javaxargs) {
  { Thread _t_0 = new Thread() {
public void run() { try { call(hotwireOnce("#1008562"), "nohupJavax", javaxargs); } catch (Throwable __e) { printStackTrace2(__e); } }
};
startThread(_t_0); }
}

static void nohupJavax(final String javaxargs, final String vmArgs) {
  { Thread _t_1 = new Thread() {
public void run() { try { call(hotwireOnce("#1008562"), "nohupJavax", javaxargs, vmArgs); } catch (Throwable __e) { printStackTrace2(__e); } }
};
startThread(_t_1); }
}
static List map(Iterable l, Object f) {
  return map(f, l);
}

static List map(Object f, Iterable l) {
  List x = emptyList(l);
  for (Object o : unnull(l))
    x.add(callF(f, o));
  return x;
}

static List map(Object f, Object[] l) { return map(f, asList(l)); }
static List map(Object[] l, Object f) { return map(f, l); }

static List map(Object f, Map map) {
  return map(map, f);
}

static List map(Map map, Object f) {
  List x = new ArrayList();
  for (Object _e : map.entrySet()) {
    Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry) _e;
    x.add(callF(f, e.getKey(), e.getValue()));
  }
  return x;
}
static <A> A popFirst(List<A> l) {
  if (empty(l)) return null;
  A a = first(l);
  l.remove(0);
  return a;
}
static String getDBProgramID_id;

static String getDBProgramID() {
  return nempty(getDBProgramID_id) ? getDBProgramID_id : programIDWithCase();
}
static boolean hasType(Collection c, Class type) {
  for (Object x : c)
    if (isInstanceX(type, x))
      return true;
  return false;
}
static String formatInt(int i, int digits) {
  return padLeft(str(i), '0', digits);
}

static Object pcallF(Object f, Object... args) {
  return pcallFunction(f, args);
}


static <A, B> B pcallF(F1<A, B> f, A a) { try {
  return f == null ? null : f.get(a);
} catch (Throwable __e) { return null; } }

static JComponent unwrap(JComponent c) {
  return c instanceof JScrollPane ? unwrapScrollPane((JScrollPane) c) : c;
}
static void cleanKillVM() {
  ping();
  cleanKillVM_noSleep();
  sleep();
}

static void cleanKillVM_noSleep() {
  call(getJavaX(), "cleanKill");
}
static <A> List<A> filterByType(Collection c, Class<A> type) {
  List<A> l = new ArrayList();
  for (Object x : c)
    if (isInstanceX(type, x))
      l.add((A) x);
  return l;
}

static <A> List<A> filterByType(Object[] c, Class<A> type) {
  return filterByType(asList(c), type);
}

static int done_minPrint = 10;

static long done(long startTime, String desc) {
  long time = now()-startTime;
  if (time >= done_minPrint)
    print(desc + " [" + time + " ms]");
  return time;
}

static long done(String desc, long startTime) {
  return done(startTime, desc);
}

static long done(long startTime) {
  return done(startTime, "");
}
static long fileSize(String path) { return getFileSize(path); }
static long fileSize(File f) { return getFileSize(f); }

static void readLocally(String progID, String varNames) {
  readLocally2(mc(), progID, varNames);
}

static void readLocally(String varNames) {
  readLocally2(mc(), programID(), varNames);
}

static void readLocally2(Object obj, String varNames) {
  readLocally2(obj, programID(), varNames);
}

static int readLocally_stringLength;

static ThreadLocal<Boolean> readLocally2_allDynamic = new ThreadLocal();

// read a string variable from standard storage
// does not overwrite variable contents if there is no file
static void readLocally2(Object obj, String progID, String varNames) { try {
  boolean allDynamic = isTrue(getAndClearThreadLocal(readLocally2_allDynamic));
  for (String variableName : javaTokC(varNames)) {
    File textFile = new File(programDir(progID), variableName + ".text");
    
    String value = loadTextFile(textFile);
    if (value != null)
      set(main.class, variableName, value);
    else {
      File structureFile = new File(programDir(progID), variableName + ".structure");
      value = loadTextFile(structureFile);
      
      if (value == null) {
        File structureGZFile = new File(programDir(progID), variableName + ".structure.gz");
        if (!structureGZFile.isFile()) return;
        //value = loadGZTextFile(structureGZFile);
        InputStream fis = new FileInputStream(structureGZFile);
        try {
          GZIPInputStream gis = new GZIPInputStream(fis);
          InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(gis, "UTF-8");
          BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(reader);
          //O o = unstructure_reader(bufferedReader);
          Object o = unstructure_tok(javaTokC_noMLS_onReader(bufferedReader), allDynamic, null);
          readLocally_set(obj, variableName, o);
        } finally {
          fis.close();
        }
        return;
      }
      
      readLocally_stringLength = l(value);
      if (nempty(value))
        readLocally_set(obj, variableName, allDynamic ? safeUnstructure(value) : unstructure(value));
    }
  }
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static void readLocally_set(Object c, String varName, Object value) {
  Object oldValue = get(c, varName);
  if (oldValue instanceof List && !(oldValue instanceof ArrayList) && value != null) {
    // Assume it's a synchroList.
    value = synchroList((List) value);
  }
  set(c, varName, value);
}

static boolean hasConcept(Class<? extends Concept> c, Object... params) {
  return findConceptWhere(c, params) != null;
}
static String javaTokWordWrap(String s) {
  int cols = 120, col = 0;
  List<String> tok = javaTok(s);
  for (int i = 0; i < l(tok); i++) {
    String t = tok.get(i);
    if (odd(i) && col >= cols && !containsNewLine(t))
      tok.set(i, t += "\n");
    int idx = t.lastIndexOf('\n');
    if (idx >= 0) col = l(t)-(idx+1);
    else col += l(t);
  }
  return join(tok);
}
static <A, B> Collection<B> values(Map<A, B> map) {
  return map == null ? emptyList() : map.values();
}


static <A, B> Collection<B> values(MultiMap<A, B> mm) {
  return mm == null ? emptyList() : concatLists(values(mm.data));
}

static String ymd() {
  return year() + formatInt(month(), 2) + formatInt(dayOfMonth(), 2);
}
static <A extends Concept> int countConcepts(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  return mainConcepts.countConcepts(c, params);
}

static int countConcepts() {
  return mainConcepts.countConcepts();
}

static int countConcepts(String className) {
  return mainConcepts.countConcepts(className);
}

static <A extends Concept> int countConcepts(Concepts concepts, String className) {
  return concepts.countConcepts(className);
}
static Object rpc(String botName, String method, Object... args) {
  return unstructure_debug(matchOK2OrFail(
    sendToLocalBot(botName, rpc_makeCall(method, args))));
}

static Object rpc(DialogIO bot, String method, Object... args) {
  return unstructure_debug(matchOK2OrFail(
    bot.ask(rpc_makeCall(method, args))));
}

static String rpc_makeCall(String method, Object... args) {
  if (empty(args))
    return "call " + method;
  return format("call *", concatLists((List) ll(method), asList(args)));
}


static int year() {
  return Calendar.getInstance().get(Calendar.YEAR);
}
static Object unstructure_debug(String s) {
  try {
    return unstructure(s);
  } catch (Throwable _e) {
    print("Was unstructuring: " + s);
  
throw rethrow(_e); }
}
static Lock saveLock_lock = fairLock();

static Lock saveLock() {
  return saveLock_lock;
}
static String programIDWithCase() {
  return nempty(caseID())
    ? programID() + "/" + quoteUnlessIdentifierOrInteger(caseID())
    : programID();
}
static String exceptionToStringShort(Throwable e) {
  e = getInnerException(e);
  String msg = unnull(e.getMessage());
  if (msg.indexOf("Error") < 0 && msg.indexOf("Exception") < 0)
    return baseClassName(e) + ": " + msg;
  else
    return msg;
}
static boolean startsWithIgnoreCase(String a, String b) {
  return a != null && a.regionMatches(true, 0, b, 0, b.length());
}
static <A> A getAndClearThreadLocal(ThreadLocal<A> tl) {
  A a = tl.get();
  tl.set(null);
  return a;
}
static boolean instanceOf(Object o, String className) {
  if (o == null) return false;
  String c = o.getClass().getName();
  return eq(c, className) || eq(c, "main$" + className);
}

static boolean instanceOf(Object o, Class c) {
  if (c == null) return false;
  return c.isInstance(o);
}
static int month() {
  return Calendar.getInstance().get(Calendar.MONTH)+1;
}
volatile static boolean conceptsAndBot_running;

static void conceptsAndBot() {
  conceptsAndBot(null);
}

static void conceptsAndBot(Integer autoSaveInterval) {
  if (conceptsAndBot_running) return;
  conceptsAndBot_running = true;
  
  try {
    ensureDBNotRunning(dbBotStandardName());
  } catch (Throwable _e) {
    mainConcepts.dontSave = true; // SAFETY
  
throw rethrow(_e); }
  
  if (autoSaveInterval != null)
    loadAndAutoSaveConcepts(autoSaveInterval);
  else
    loadAndAutoSaveConcepts();
  dbBot();
}
static String sendToLocalBotQuietly(String bot, String text, Object... args) {
  text = format3(text, args);
  
  DialogIO channel = newFindBot2(bot);
  if (channel == null)
    throw fail(quote(bot) + " not found");
  try {
    channel.readLine();
    channel.sendLine(text);
    String s = channel.readLine();
    return s;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    return null;
  } finally {
    channel.close();
  }
}

static String sendToLocalBotQuietly(int port, String text, Object... args) {
  text = format3(text, args);
  DialogIO channel = talkTo(port);
  try {
    channel.readLine();
    channel.sendLine(text);
    String s = channel.readLine();
    return s;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    return null;
  } finally {
    if (channel != null)
      channel.close();
  }
}
static String getBotAddress(String bot) {
  List<ScannedBot> l = fullBotScan(bot);
  return empty(l) ? null : first(l).address;
}
static Thread startThread(Object runnable) {
  return startThread(defaultThreadName(), runnable);
}

static Thread startThread(String name, Object runnable) {
  return startThread(newThread(toRunnable(runnable), name));
}

static Thread startThread(Thread t) {
  _registerThread(t);
  t.start();
  return t;
}
static String padLeft(String s, char c, int n) {
  return rep(c, n-l(s)) + s;
}

// default to space
static String padLeft(String s, int n) {
  return padLeft(s, ' ', n);
}
static String dbProgramID() {
  return getDBProgramID();
}
static String matchOK2OrFail(String s) {
  Matches m = new Matches();
  if (swic(s, "ok "))
    return substring(s, 3);
  else if (eqic(s, "ok"))
    return "ok";
  else
    throw fail(s);
}
static String dynamicClassName(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof DynamicObject && ((DynamicObject) o).className != null)
    return "main$" + ((DynamicObject) o).className;
  return className(o);
}
static long getFileSize(String path) {
  return path == null ? 0 : new File(path).length();
}

static long getFileSize(File f) {
  return f == null ? 0 : f.length();
}
static String sendToLocalBot(String bot, String text, Object... args) {
  text = format3(text, args);
  
  DialogIO channel = findBot(bot);
  if (channel == null)
    throw fail(quote(bot) + " not found");
  try {
    channel.readLine();
    print(bot + "> " + shorten(text, 80));
    channel.sendLine(text);
    String s = channel.readLine();
    print(bot + "< " + shorten(s, 80));
    return s;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    return null;
  } finally {
    channel.close();
  }
}

static String sendToLocalBot(int port, String text, Object... args) {
  text = format3(text, args);
  DialogIO channel = talkTo(port);
  try {
    channel.readLine();
    print(port + "> " + shorten(text, 80));
    channel.sendLine(text);
    String s = channel.readLine();
    print(port + "< " + shorten(s, 80));
    return s;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    return null;
  } finally {
    if (channel != null)
      channel.close();
  }
}
static Object derefRef(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof Concept.Ref) o = ((Concept.Ref) o).get();
  return o;
}

static boolean isInstance(Class type, Object arg) {
  return type.isInstance(arg);
}
static int dayOfMonth() {
  return days();
}
static DialogIO talkToSubBot(final long vport, final DialogIO io) {
  return talkToSubBot(String.valueOf(vport), io);
}

static DialogIO talkToSubBot(final String subBot, final DialogIO io) {
  if (subBot == null) return io;
  return new talkToSubBot_IO(subBot, io);
}

static class talkToSubBot_IO extends DialogIO {
  String subBot;
  DialogIO io;
  
  talkToSubBot_IO(String subBot, DialogIO io) {
  this.io = io;
  this.subBot = subBot;}
  
  // delegate all but sendLine
  boolean isStillConnected() { return io.isStillConnected(); }
  String readLineImpl() { return io.readLineImpl(); }
  boolean isLocalConnection() { return io.isLocalConnection(); }
  Socket getSocket() { return io.getSocket(); }
  void close() { io.close(); }

  void sendLine(String line) {
    io.sendLine(format3("please forward to bot *: *", subBot, line));
  }
}
static String formatDouble(double d, int digits) {
  String format = "0." + rep(digits, '#');
  return new java.text.DecimalFormat(format, new java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.ENGLISH)).format(d);
}

static String firstPartOfHelloString(String s) {
  int i = s.lastIndexOf('/');
  return i < 0 ? s : rtrim(s.substring(0, i));
}
static List<ProgramScan.Program> quickBotScan() {
  return ProgramScan.quickBotScan();
}

static List<ProgramScan.Program> quickBotScan(int[] preferredPorts) {
  return ProgramScan.quickBotScan(preferredPorts);
}

static List<ProgramScan.Program> quickBotScan(String searchPattern) {
  List<ProgramScan.Program> l = new ArrayList<ProgramScan.Program>();
  for (ProgramScan.Program p : ProgramScan.quickBotScan())
    if (indexOfIgnoreCase(p.helloString, searchPattern) == 0)
      l.add(p);
  return l;
}

// r may return false to cancel timer
static TimerTask smartTimerTask(final Object r, final java.util.Timer timer, final int delay) {
  return new TimerTask() {
    long lastRun;
    
    public void run() {
      if (!licensed())
        timer.cancel();
      else {
        lastRun = fixTimestamp(lastRun);
        long now = now();
        if (now >= lastRun + delay*0.9) {
          lastRun = now;
          if (eq(false, pcallF(r)))
            timer.cancel();
        }
      }
    }
  };
}
static String loadTextFilePossiblyGZipped(String fileName) {
  return loadTextFilePossiblyGZipped(fileName, null);
}
  
static String loadTextFilePossiblyGZipped(String fileName, String defaultContents) {
  File gz = new File(fileName + ".gz");
  return gz.exists() ? loadGZTextFile(gz) : loadTextFile(fileName, defaultContents);
}

static String loadTextFilePossiblyGZipped(File fileName) {
  return loadTextFilePossiblyGZipped(fileName, null);
}

static String loadTextFilePossiblyGZipped(File fileName, String defaultContents) {
  return loadTextFilePossiblyGZipped(fileName.getPath(), defaultContents);
}

static JComponent unwrapScrollPane(JScrollPane sp) {
  return sp == null ? null : (JComponent) sp.getViewport().getView();
}
static DialogIO talkTo(int port) {
  return talkTo("localhost", port);
}

static int talkTo_defaultTimeout = 10000; // This is the CONNECT timeout
static int talkTo_timeoutForReads = 0; // Timeout waiting for answers (0 = no timeout)

static ThreadLocal<Map<String, DialogIO>> talkTo_byThread = new ThreadLocal();

static DialogIO talkTo(String ip, int port) { try {
  String full = ip + ":" + port;
  Map<String, DialogIO> map = talkTo_byThread.get();
  if (map != null && map.containsKey(full)) return map.get(full);
  
  if (isLocalhost(ip) && port == vmPort()) return talkToThisVM();

  return new talkTo_IO(ip, port);
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static class talkTo_IO extends DialogIO { 
  String ip;
  int port;
  Socket s;
  Writer w;
  BufferedReader in;
  
  talkTo_IO(String ip, int port) {
  this.port = port;
  this.ip = ip; try {
    s = new Socket();
    try {
      if (talkTo_timeoutForReads != 0)
        s.setSoTimeout(talkTo_timeoutForReads);
      s.connect(new InetSocketAddress(ip, port), talkTo_defaultTimeout);
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      throw fail("Tried talking to " + ip + ":" + port, e);
    }
  
    w = new OutputStreamWriter(s.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
    in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  boolean isLocalConnection() {
    return s.getInetAddress().isLoopbackAddress();
  }
  
  boolean isStillConnected() {
    return !(eos || s.isClosed());
  }
  
  void sendLine(String line) { try {
    w.write(line + "\n");
    w.flush();
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  String readLineImpl() { try {
    return in.readLine();
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  void close() {
    try {
      if (!noClose) s.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      // whatever
    }
  }
  
  Socket getSocket() {
    return s;
  }
}
static double toM_double(long l) {
  return l/(1024*1024.0);
}
static Object pcallFunction(Object f, Object... args) {
  try { return callFunction(f, args); } catch (Throwable __e) { printStackTrace2(__e); }
  return null;
}
static <A, B> void mapPut2(Map<A, B> map, A key, B value) {
  if (map != null && key != null)
    if (value != null) map.put(key, value);
    else map.remove(key);
}
  static String format(String pat, Object... args) {
    return format3(pat, args);
  }

  static <A> List<A> concatLists(Collection<A>... lists) {
    List<A> l = new ArrayList();
    for (Collection<A> list : lists)
      if (list != null)
        l.addAll(list);
    return l;
  }

  static <A> List<A> concatLists(Collection<List<A>> lists) {
    List<A> l = new ArrayList();
    for (List<A> list : lists)
      if (list != null)
        l.addAll(list);
    return l;
  }

static File tempFileFor(File f) {
  return new File(f.getPath() + "_temp");
}
static boolean containsNewLine(String s) {
  return contains(s, '\n'); // screw \r, nobody needs it
}
static Class hotwireOnce(String programID) {
  return hotwireCached(programID, false);
}


static Map<String, Integer> newFindBot2_cache = synchroHashMap();
static boolean newFindBot2_verbose;

static DialogIO newFindBot2(String name) {
  Integer port = newFindBot2_cache.get(name);
  if (port != null) {
    if (newFindBot2_verbose)
      print("newFindBot2: testing " + name + " => " + port);
    DialogIO io = talkTo(port);
    String q = format("has bot *", name);
    String s = io.ask(q);
    if (match("yes", s)) {
      io = talkToSubBot(name, io);
      call(io, "pushback", "?"); // put some hello string in (yes, this should be improved.)
      return io;
    }
    // bot not there anymore - remove cache entry
    newFindBot2_cache.remove(name);
    if (newFindBot2_verbose)
      print("newFindBot2: dropping " + name + " => " + port);
  }
  
  DialogIO io = findBot(name);
  if (io != null) {
    newFindBot2_cache.put(name, io.getPort());
    if (newFindBot2_verbose)
      print("newFindBot2: remembering " + name + " => " + port);
  }
  return io;
}
static TreeMap<String,Class> hotwireCached_cache = new TreeMap();
static Lock hotwireCached_lock = lock();

static Class hotwireCached(String programID) {
  return hotwireCached(programID, true);
}

static Class hotwireCached(String programID, boolean runMain) {
  Lock _lock_1015 = hotwireCached_lock; lock(_lock_1015); try {
  
  programID = formatSnippetID(programID);
  Class c = hotwireCached_cache.get(programID);
  if (c == null) {
    c = hotwire(programID);
    if (runMain)
      callMain(c);
    hotwireCached_cache.put(programID, c);
  }
  return c;
} finally { _lock_1015.unlock(); } }
static int vmPort() {
  return myVMPort();
}
static int days() {
  return Calendar.getInstance().get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
}
  static String format3(String pat, Object... args) {
    if (args.length == 0) return pat;
    
    List<String> tok = javaTokPlusPeriod(pat);
    int argidx = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i < tok.size(); i += 2)
      if (tok.get(i).equals("*"))
        tok.set(i, format3_formatArg(argidx < args.length ? args[argidx++] : "null"));
    return join(tok);
  }
  
  static String format3_formatArg(Object arg) {
    if (arg == null) return "null";
    if (arg instanceof String) {
      String s = (String) arg;
      return isIdentifier(s) || isNonNegativeInteger(s) ? s : quote(s);
    }
    if (arg instanceof Integer || arg instanceof Long) return String.valueOf(arg);
    return quote(structure(arg));
  }
  

static class ScannedBot {
  String helloString;
  String address;
  
  ScannedBot(String helloString, String address) {
  this.address = address;
  this.helloString = helloString;}
  ScannedBot() {}
}

static List<ScannedBot> fullBotScan() {
  return fullBotScan("");
}

static List<ScannedBot> fullBotScan(String searchPattern) {
  List<ScannedBot> bots = new ArrayList();
  for (ProgramScan.Program p : quickBotScan()) {
    String botName = firstPartOfHelloString(p.helloString);
    boolean isVM = startsWithIgnoreCase(p.helloString, "This is a JavaX VM.");
    boolean shouldRecurse = swic(botName, "Multi-Port") || isVM;
    
    if (swic(botName, searchPattern)) bots.add(new ScannedBot(botName, "" + p.port));

    if (shouldRecurse) try {
      Map<Number, String> subBots = (Map) unstructure(sendToLocalBotQuietly(p.port, "list bots"));
      for (Number vport : subBots.keySet()) {
        botName = subBots.get(vport);
        if (swic(botName, searchPattern)) 
          bots.add(new ScannedBot(botName, p.port + "/" + vport));
      }
    } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
  }
  return bots;
}
static String rep(int n, char c) {
  return repeat(c, n);
}

static String rep(char c, int n) {
  return repeat(c, n);
}

static <A> List<A> rep(A a, int n) {
  return repeat(a, n);
}

static <A> List<A> rep(int n, A a) {
  return repeat(n, a);
}

static DialogIO talkToThisVM() {
  return new talkToThisVM_IO();
}

static class talkToThisVM_IO extends DialogIO { 
  List<String> answers = ll(thisVMGreeting());
  
  boolean isLocalConnection() { return true; }
  boolean isStillConnected() { return true; }
  int getPort() { return vmPort(); }
  
  void sendLine(String line) {
    answers.add(or2(sendToThisVM_newThread(line), "?"));
  }
  
  String readLineImpl() { try {
    return popFirst(answers);
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  void close() {}
  Socket getSocket() { return null; }
}
static String quoteUnlessIdentifierOrInteger(String s) {
  return quoteIfNotIdentifierOrInteger(s);
}
static volatile Android3 dbBot_instance;

static Android3 dbBot() {
  return dbBot(dbBotStandardName());
}

static Android3 dbBot(String name) {
  ensureDBNotRunning(name);
  assertNotNull(mainConcepts);
  return dbBot_instance = methodsBot2(name, mainConcepts, exposedDBMethods, mainConcepts.lock);
}
static String dbBotStandardName() {
  return dbBotName(getDBProgramID()) + ".";
}
public static String rtrim(String s) {
  int i = s.length();
  while (i > 0 && " \t\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(i-1)) >= 0)
    --i;
  return i < s.length() ? s.substring(0, i) : s;
}
// runnable = Runnable or String (method name)
static Thread newThread(Object runnable) {
  return new Thread(_topLevelErrorHandling(toRunnable(runnable)));
}

static Thread newThread(Object runnable, String name) {
  return new Thread(_topLevelErrorHandling(toRunnable(runnable)), name);
}
static boolean swic(String a, String b) {
  return startsWithIgnoreCase(a, b);
}


  static boolean swic(String a, String b, Matches m) {
    if (!swic(a, b)) return false;
    m.m = new String[] {substring(a, l(b))};
    return true;
  }

static Runnable toRunnable(final Object o) {
  if (o instanceof Runnable) return (Runnable) o;
  return new Runnable() { public void run() { try {  callF(o) ;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "callF(o)"; }};
}
static String defaultThreadName_name;

static String defaultThreadName() {
  if (defaultThreadName_name == null)
    defaultThreadName_name = "A thread by " + programID();
  return defaultThreadName_name;
}
static long fixTimestamp(long timestamp) {
  return timestamp > now() ? 0 : timestamp;
}
static String baseClassName(String className) {
  return substring(className, className.lastIndexOf('.')+1);
}

static String baseClassName(Object o) {
  return baseClassName(getClassName(o));
}
static void ensureDBNotRunning(String name) {
  if (hasBot(name)) {
    try {
      String id = fsI(dropAfterSpace(name));
      String framesBot = id + " Frames";
      print("Trying to activate frames of running DB: " + id);
      if (isOK(sendOpt(framesBot, "activate frames")) && isMainProgram())
        cleanKill();
    } catch (Throwable __e) { printStackTrace2(__e); }
    throw fail("Already running: " + name);
  }
}
static String loadGZTextFile(File file) { try {
  if (!file.isFile()) return null;
  ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
  InputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
  GZIPInputStream gis = new GZIPInputStream(fis);
  try {
    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    int len;
    while((len = gis.read(buffer)) != -1){
        baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
    }
  } finally {
    fis.close();
  }
  baos.close();
  return fromUtf8(baos.toByteArray()); // TODO: use a Reader
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
static boolean isLocalhost(String ip) {
  return isLoopbackIP(ip) || eqic(ip, "localhost");
}


static String sendOpt(String bot, String text, Object... args) {
  return sendToLocalBotOpt(bot, text, args);
}
static String thisVMGreeting() {
  List record_list = (List) ( get(getJavaX(), "record_list"));
  Object android = first(record_list); // Should be of class Android3
  return getString(android, "greeting");
}
static <A> A callMain(A c, String... args) {
  callOpt(c, "main", new Object[] {args});
  return c;
}

static void callMain() {
  callMain(mc());
}
static boolean isNonNegativeInteger(String s) {
  return s != null && Pattern.matches("\\d+", s);
}
static boolean isOK(String s) {
  s = trim(s);
  return swic(s, "ok ") || eqic(s, "ok") || matchStart("ok", s);
}
// This is made for NL parsing.
// It's javaTok extended with "..." token, "$n" and "#n" and
// special quotes (which are converted to normal ones).

static List<String> javaTokPlusPeriod(String s) {
  List<String> tok = new ArrayList<String>();
  int l = s.length();
  
  int i = 0;
  while (i < l) {
    int j = i;
    char c; String cc;
    
    // scan for whitespace
    while (j < l) {
      c = s.charAt(j);
      cc = s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l));
      if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
        ++j;
      else if (cc.equals("/*")) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && !s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l)).equals("*/"));
        j = Math.min(j+2, l);
      } else if (cc.equals("//")) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && "\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) < 0);
      } else
        break;
    }
    
    tok.add(s.substring(i, j));
    i = j;
    if (i >= l) break;
    c = s.charAt(i);
    cc = s.substring(i, Math.min(i+2, l));

    // scan for non-whitespace
    if (c == '\u201C' || c == '\u201D') c = '"'; // normalize quotes
    if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
      char opener = c;
      ++j;
      while (j < l) {
        char _c = s.charAt(j);
        if (_c == '\u201C' || _c == '\u201D') _c = '"'; // normalize quotes
        if (_c == opener) {
          ++j;
          break;
        } else if (s.charAt(j) == '\\' && j+1 < l)
          j += 2;
        else
          ++j;
      }
      if (j-1 >= i+1) {
        tok.add(opener + s.substring(i+1, j-1) + opener);
        i = j;
        continue;
      }
    } else if (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && (Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)) || s.charAt(j) == '\'')); // for things like "this one's"
    else if (Character.isDigit(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
    else if (cc.equals("[[")) {
      do ++j; while (j+1 < l && !s.substring(j, j+2).equals("]]"));
      j = Math.min(j+2, l);
    } else if (cc.equals("[=") && i+2 < l && s.charAt(i+2) == '[') {
      do ++j; while (j+2 < l && !s.substring(j, j+3).equals("]=]"));
      j = Math.min(j+3, l);
    } else if (s.substring(j, Math.min(j+3, l)).equals("..."))
      j += 3;
    else if (c == '$' || c == '#')
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
    else
      ++j;

    tok.add(s.substring(i, j));
    i = j;
  }
  
  if ((tok.size() % 2) == 0) tok.add("");
  return tok;
}

static Runnable _topLevelErrorHandling(final Runnable runnable) {
  return new Runnable() { public void run() { try {  try { runnable.run(); } catch (Throwable __e) { printStackTrace2(__e); } 
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }  public String toString() { return "pcall { runnable.run(); }"; }};
}
static void cleanKill() {
  cleanKillVM();
}
static String quoteIfNotIdentifierOrInteger(String s) {
  if (s == null) return null;
  return isJavaIdentifier(s) || isInteger(s) ? s : quote(s);
}
static boolean isIdentifier(String s) {
  return isJavaIdentifier(s);
}
static String repeat(char c, int n) {
  n = Math.max(n, 0);
  char[] chars = new char[n];
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    chars[i] = c;
  return new String(chars);
}

static <A> List<A> repeat(A a, int n) {
  List<A> l = new ArrayList(n);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    l.add(a);
  return l;
}

static <A> List<A> repeat(int n, A a) {
  return repeat(a, n);
}
static String dropAfterSpace(String s) {
  return s == null ? null : substring(s, 0, smartIndexOf(s, ' '));
}
static int myVMPort() {
  List records = (List) ( get(getJavaX(), "record_list"));
  Object android = records.get(records.size()-1);
  return (Integer) get(android, "port");
}
static boolean isLoopbackIP(String ip) {
  return eq(ip, "127.0.0.1");
}
static String or2(String a, String b) {
  return nempty(a) ? a : b;
}
static String sendToThisVM_newThread(String s, Object... args) {
  final String _s = format(s, args);
  try {
    return (String) evalInNewThread(new Object() { Object get() { try { return 
      callStaticAnswerMethod(getJavaX(), _s)
    ; } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  public String toString() { return "callStaticAnswerMethod(getJavaX(), _s)"; }});
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e = getInnerException(e);
    printStackTrace(e);
    return str(e);
  }
}
static boolean isMainProgram() {
  return creator() == null;
}
static boolean hasBot(String searchPattern) {
  DialogIO io = findBot(searchPattern);
  if (io != null) {
    io.close();
    return true;
  } else
    return false;
}
static Class<?> hotwire(String src) {
  assertFalse(_inCore());
  Class j = getJavaX();
  if (isAndroid()) {
    synchronized(j) { // hopefully this goes well...
      List<File> libraries = new ArrayList<File>();
      File srcDir = (File) call(j, "transpileMain", src, libraries);
      if (srcDir == null)
        throw fail("transpileMain returned null (src=" + quote(src) + ")");
    
      Object androidContext = get(j, "androidContext");
      return (Class) call(j, "loadx2android", srcDir, src);
    }
  } else {
    // ret hotwire_overInternalBot(src);
    Class c = (Class) ( call(j, "hotwire", src));
    hotwire_copyOver(c);
    return c;
  }
}
static Android3 methodsBot2(String name, final Object receiver, final List<String> exposedMethods) {
  return methodsBot2(name, receiver, exposedMethods, null);
}

static Android3 methodsBot2(String name, final Object receiver, final List<String> exposedMethods, final Lock lock) {
  Android3 android = new Android3();
  android.greeting = name;
  android.console = false;
  android.responder = new Responder() {
    String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
      return exposeMethods2(receiver, s, exposedMethods, lock);
    }
  };
  return makeBot(android);
}
static boolean match(String pat, String s) {
  return match3(pat, s);
}

static boolean match(String pat, String s, Matches matches) {
  return match3(pat, s, matches);
}

static String fromUtf8(byte[] bytes) { try {
  return new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }


static boolean match3(String pat, String s) {
  return match3(pat, s, null);
}

static boolean match3(String pat, String s, Matches matches) {
  if (pat == null || s == null) return false;
  return match3(pat, parse3_cached(s), matches);
}
  
static boolean match3(String pat, List<String> toks, Matches matches) {
  List<String> tokpat = parse3(pat);
  return match3(tokpat,toks,matches);
}

static boolean match3(List<String> tokpat, List<String> toks, Matches matches) {
  String[] m = match2(tokpat, toks);
  //print(structure(tokpat) + " on " + structure(toks) + " => " + structure(m));
  if (m == null) return false;
  if (matches != null) matches.m = m; return true;
}
static String getString(Map map, Object key) {
  return map == null ? null : (String) map.get(key);
}

static String getString(List l, int idx) {
  return (String) get(l, idx);
}

static String getString(Object o, Object key) {
  if (o instanceof Map) return getString((Map) o, key);
  if (key instanceof String)
    return (String) getOpt(o, (String) key);
  throw fail("Not a string key: " + getClassName(key));
}
static boolean _inCore() {
  return false;
}
static int makeBot(String greeting) {
  return makeAndroid3(greeting).port;
}

static Android3 makeBot(Android3 a) {
  makeAndroid3(a);
  return a;
}

static Android3 makeBot(String greeting, Object responder) {
  Android3 a = new Android3(greeting);
  a.responder = makeResponder(responder);
  makeBot(a);
  return a;
}

static Android3 makeBot() {
  return makeAndroid3(getProgramTitle() + ".");
}
static WeakReference<Class> creator_class;

static Class creator() {
  return creator_class == null ? null : creator_class.get();
}
static Object evalInNewThread(final Object f) {
  final Flag flag = new Flag();
  final Var var = new Var();
  final Var<Throwable> exception = new Var();
  { Thread _t_0 = new Thread() {
public void run() { try {
    try {
      var.set(callF(f));
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      exception.set(e);
    }
    flag.raise();
  } catch (Throwable __e) { printStackTrace2(__e); } }
};
startThread(_t_0); }
  flag.waitUntilUp();
  if (exception.has()) throw rethrow(exception.get());
  return var.get();
}
// returns l(s) if not found
static int smartIndexOf(String s, String sub, int i) {
  if (s == null) return 0;
  i = s.indexOf(sub, min(i, l(s)));
  return i >= 0 ? i : l(s);
}

static int smartIndexOf(String s, char c, int i) {
  if (s == null) return 0;
  i = s.indexOf(c, min(i, l(s)));
  return i >= 0 ? i : l(s);
}

static int smartIndexOf(String s, String sub) {
  return smartIndexOf(s, sub, 0);
}

static int smartIndexOf(String s, char c) {
  return smartIndexOf(s, c, 0);
}

static <A> int smartIndexOf(List<A> l, A sub) {
  return smartIndexOf(l, sub, 0);
}

static <A> int smartIndexOf(List<A> l, A sub, int start) {
  int i = indexOf(l, sub, start);
  return i < 0 ? l(l) : i;
}
static String callStaticAnswerMethod(List bots, String s) {
  for (Object c : bots) try {
    String answer = callStaticAnswerMethod(c, s);
    if (!empty(answer)) return answer;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    print("Error calling " + getProgramID(c));
    e.printStackTrace();
  }
  return null;
}

static String callStaticAnswerMethod(Object c, String s) {
  String answer = (String) callOpt(c, "answer", s, litlist(s));
  if (answer == null)
    answer = (String) callOpt(c, "answer", s);
  return emptyToNull(answer);
}

static String callStaticAnswerMethod(String s) {
  return callStaticAnswerMethod(mc(), s);
}

static String callStaticAnswerMethod(String s, List<String> history) {
  return callStaticAnswerMethod(mc(), s, history);
}

static String callStaticAnswerMethod(Object c, String s, List<String> history) {
  String answer = (String) callOpt(c, "answer", s, history);
  if (answer == null)
    answer = (String) callOpt(c, "answer", s);
  return emptyToNull(answer);
}
static boolean exposeMethods2_debug;

static String exposeMethods2(Object receiver, String s, List<String> methodNames) {
  return exposeMethods2(receiver, s, methodNames, null);
}

static String exposeMethods2(Object receiver, String s, List<String> methodNames,
  Lock lock) {
  Matches m = new Matches();
  if (exposeMethods2_debug) print("Received: " + s);
  if (match("call *", s, m)) {
    List l;
    if (isIdentifier(m.unq(0)))
      l = ll(m.unq(0));
    else
      l = (List) unstructure(m.unq(0)); // we used to have safeUnstructure here
    String method = getString(l, 0);
    if (!contains(methodNames, method))
      throw fail("Method not allowed: " + method);
    if (lock != null) lock.lock();
    try {
      if (exposeMethods2_debug) print("Calling: " + method);
      Object o = call(receiver, method, asObjectArray(subList(l, 1)));
      if (exposeMethods2_debug) print("Got: " + getClassName(o));
      return ok2(structure(o));
    } finally {
      if (lock != null) lock.unlock();
    }
  }
  if (match("list methods", s))
    return ok2(structure(methodNames));
  return null;
}
  static boolean matchStart(String pat, String s) {
    return matchStart(pat, s, null);
  }
  
  // matches are as you expect, plus an extra item for the rest string
  static boolean matchStart(String pat, String s, Matches matches) {
    if (s == null) return false;
    List<String> tokpat = parse3(pat), toks = parse3(s);
    if (toks.size() < tokpat.size()) return false;
    String[] m = match2(tokpat, toks.subList(0, tokpat.size()));
    //print(structure(tokpat) + " on " + structure(toks) + " => " + structure(m));
    if (m == null)
      return false;
    else {
      if (matches != null) {
        matches.m = new String[m.length+1];
        arraycopy(m, matches.m);
        matches.m[m.length] = join(toks.subList(tokpat.size(), toks.size())); // for Matches.rest()
      }
      return true;
    }
  }
static void hotwire_copyOver(Class c) {
  synchronized(StringBuffer.class) {
    for (String field : litlist("print_log", "print_silent", "androidContext")) {
      Object o = getOpt(mc(), field);
      if (o != null)
        setOpt(c, field, o);
    }
      
    Object mainBot = getMainBot();
    if (mainBot != null)
      setOpt(c, "mainBot", mainBot);

    setOpt(c, "creator_class", new WeakReference(mc()));
  }
}
static String sendToLocalBotOpt(String bot, String text, Object... args) {
  if (bot == null) return null;
  text = format(text, args);
  DialogIO channel = findBot(bot);
  if (channel == null) {
    print(quote(bot) + " not found, skipping send: " + quote(text));
    return null;
  }
  try {
    channel.readLine();
    print(shorten(bot + "> " + text, 200));
    channel.sendLine(text);
    String s = channel.readLine();
    print(shorten(bot + "< " + s, 200));
    return s;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    return null;
  } finally {
    channel.close();
  }
}


// An "Android" is a program that accepts text questions (on console or TCP) and outputs one response text per question

static boolean makeAndroid3_disable; // disable all android making

static class Android3 {
  String greeting;
  boolean publicOverride; // optionally set this in client
  int startPort = 5000; // optionally set this in client
  Responder responder;
  boolean console = true;
  boolean quiet; // no messages on console
  boolean daemon = false;
  boolean incomingSilent = false;
  int incomingPrintLimit = 200;
  boolean useMultiPort = true;
  boolean recordHistory;
  boolean verbose;
  int answerPrintLimit = 500;
  boolean newLineAboveAnswer, newLineBelowAnswer;
  
  // set by system
  int port;
  long vport;
  DialogHandler handler;
  ServerSocket server;
  
  Android3(String greeting) {
  this.greeting = greeting;}
  Android3() {}
  
  synchronized void dispose() {
    if (server != null) {
      try {
        server.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        print("[internal] " + e);
      }
      server = null;
    }
    if (vport != 0) try {
      print("Disposing " + this);
      removeFromMultiPort(vport);
      vport = 0;
    } catch (Throwable __e) { printStackTrace2(__e); }
  }
  
  public String toString() { return "Bot: " + greeting + " [vport " + vport + "]"; }
}

static abstract class Responder {
  abstract String answer(String s, List<String> history);
}

static Android3 makeAndroid3(final String greeting) {
  return makeAndroid3(new Android3(greeting));
}

static Android3 makeAndroid3(final String greeting, Responder responder) {
  Android3 android = new Android3(greeting);
  android.responder = responder;
  return makeAndroid3(android);
}

static Android3 makeAndroid3(final Android3 a) {
  if (makeAndroid3_disable) return a;
  
  if (a.responder == null)
    a.responder = new Responder() {
      String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
        return callStaticAnswerMethod(s, history);
      }
    };
    
  if (!a.quiet)
    print("[bot] " + a.greeting);
  
  if (a.console && makeAndroid3_consoleInUse() && !readLine_noReadLine) a.console = false;
  
  record(a);
  
  if (a.useMultiPort)
    a.vport = addToMultiPort(a.greeting,
      makeAndroid3_verboseResponder(a));
      
  if (a.console)
    makeAndroid3_handleConsole(a);

  if (a.useMultiPort) return a;

  a.handler = makeAndroid3_makeDialogHandler(a);
  if (a.quiet) startDialogServer_quiet.set(true);
  try {
    a.port = a.daemon
      ? startDialogServerOnPortAboveDaemon(a.startPort, a.handler)
      : startDialogServerOnPortAbove(a.startPort, a.handler);
  } finally {
    startDialogServer_quiet.set(null);
  }
  a.server = startDialogServer_serverSocket;

  return a;
}

static void makeAndroid3_handleConsole(final Android3 a) {
  // Console handling stuff
  if (!a.quiet)
    print("You may also type on this console.");
  { Thread _t_0 = new Thread() {
public void run() { try {
    List<String> history = new ArrayList();
    while (licensed()) {
      String line;
      try {
        line = readLine();
      } catch (Throwable e) {
        print(getInnerMessage(e));
        break;
      }
      if (line == null) break;
      /*if (eq(line, "bye")) {
        print("> bye stranger");
        history = new ArrayList<S>();
      } else*/ {
        history.add(line);
        history.add(makeAndroid3_getAnswer(line, history, a)); // prints answer on console too
      }
    }
  } catch (Throwable __e) { printStackTrace2(__e); } }
};
startThread(_t_0); }
}

static DialogHandler makeAndroid3_makeDialogHandler(final Android3 a) {
  return new DialogHandler() {
public void run(final DialogIO io) {
    if (!a.publicOverride && !(publicCommOn() || io.isLocalConnection())) {
      io.sendLine("Sorry, not allowed");
      return;
    }
    
    String dialogID = randomID(8);
    
    io.sendLine(a.greeting + " / Your ID: " + dialogID);
    
    List<String> history = new ArrayList();
    
    while (io.isStillConnected()) {
      if (io.waitForLine()) {
        final String line = io.readLineNoBlock();
        String s = dialogID + " at " + now() + ": " + quote(line);
        if (!a.incomingSilent)
          print(shorten(s, a.incomingPrintLimit));
        if (eq(line, "bye")) {
          io.sendLine("bye stranger");
          return;
        }
        Matches m = new Matches();
        if (a.recordHistory)
          history.add(line);
        String answer;
        if (match3("this is a continuation of talk *", s, m)
          || match3("hello bot! this is a continuation of talk *", s, m)) {
          dialogID = unquote(m.m[0]);
          answer = "ok";
        } else try {
          makeAndroid3_io.set(io);
          answer = makeAndroid3_getAnswer(line, history, a);
        } finally {
          makeAndroid3_io.set(null);
        }
        if (a.recordHistory)
          history.add(answer);
        io.sendLine(answer);
        //appendToLog(logFile, s);
      }
    }
  }};
}

static String makeAndroid3_getAnswer(String line, List<String> history, Android3 a) {
  String answer, originalAnswer;
  try {
    originalAnswer = a.responder.answer(line, history);
    answer = makeAndroid3_fallback(line, history, originalAnswer);
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e = getInnerException(e);
    printStackTrace(e);
    originalAnswer = answer = e.toString();
  }
  if (!a.incomingSilent) {
    if (originalAnswer == null) originalAnswer = "?";
    if (a.newLineAboveAnswer) print();
    print(">" + dropFirst(indentx(2, shorten(rtrim(originalAnswer), a.answerPrintLimit))));
    if (a.newLineBelowAnswer) print();
  }
  return answer;
}

static String makeAndroid3_fallback(String s, List<String> history, String answer) {
  // Now we only do the safe thing instead of VM inspection - give out our process ID
  if (answer == null && match3("what is your pid", s))
    return getPID();
    
  if (answer == null && match3("what is your program id", s)) // should be fairly safe, right?
    return getProgramID();
    
  if (match3("get injection id", s))
    return getInjectionID();
    
  if (answer == null) answer = "?";
  if (answer.indexOf('\n') >= 0 || answer.indexOf('\r') >= 0)
    answer = quote(answer);
  return answer;
}

static boolean makeAndroid3_consoleInUse() {
  for (Object o : record_list)
    if (o instanceof Android3 && ((Android3) o).console)
      return true;
  return false;
}

static Responder makeAndroid3_verboseResponder(final Android3 a) {
  return new Responder() {
    String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
      if (a.verbose)
        print("> " + shorten(s, a.incomingPrintLimit));
      String answer = a.responder.answer(s, history);
      if (a.verbose)
        print("< " + shorten(answer, a.incomingPrintLimit));
      return answer;
    }
  };
}

static ThreadLocal<DialogIO> makeAndroid3_io = new ThreadLocal();

static Android3 makeAndroid3() {
  return makeAndroid3(getProgramTitle() + ".");
}
static String getProgramTitle() {
  return getProgramName();
}
static Object[] asObjectArray(List l) {
  return toObjectArray(l);
}
static String parse3_cached_s;
static List<String> parse3_cached_l;

  static synchronized List<String> parse3_cached(String s) {
    if (neq(s, parse3_cached_s))
      parse3_cached_l = parse3(parse3_cached_s = s);
    return parse3_cached_l;
  }
static String emptyToNull(String s) {
  return eq(s, "") ? null : s;
}
static String ok2(String s) {
  return "ok " + s;
}
static Object mainBot;

static Object getMainBot() {
  return mainBot;
}
static void arraycopy(Object[] a, Object[] b) {
  int n = min(a.length, b.length);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    b[i] = a[i];
}

static void arraycopy(Object src, int srcPos, Object dest, int destPos, int n) {
  System.arraycopy(src, srcPos, dest, destPos, n);
}
static String makeResponder_callAnswerMethod(Object bot, String s, List<String> history) {
  String answer = (String) callOpt(bot, "answer", s, history);
  if (answer == null)
    answer = (String) callOpt(bot, "answer", s);
  return answer;
}

static Responder makeResponder(final Object bot) {
  if (bot instanceof Responder) return (Responder) bot;
  
  if (bot instanceof String) {
    String f = (String) ( bot);
    return new Responder() {
      String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
        String answer = (String) callOptMC((String) bot, s, history);
        if (answer == null)
          answer = (String) callOptMC((String) bot, s);
        return answer;
      }
    };
  }
  
  return new Responder() {
    String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
      return makeResponder_callAnswerMethod(bot, s, history);
    }
  };
}
  static List<String> parse3(String s) {
    return dropPunctuation(javaTokPlusPeriod(s));
  }


static List<Object> record_list = synchroList();

static void record(Object o) {
  record_list.add(o);
}
static AtomicInteger dialogServer_clients = new AtomicInteger();
static boolean dialogServer_printConnects;
static ThreadLocal<Boolean> startDialogServer_quiet = new ThreadLocal();

static Set<String> dialogServer_knownClients = synchroTreeSet();

static int startDialogServerOnPortAbove(int port, DialogHandler handler) {
  while (!forbiddenPort(port) && !startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(port, handler))
    ++port;
  return port;
}

static int startDialogServerOnPortAboveDaemon(int port, DialogHandler handler) {
  while (!forbiddenPort(port) && !startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(port, handler, true))
    ++port;
  return port;
}

static void startDialogServer(int port, DialogHandler handler) {
  if (!startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(port, handler))
    throw fail("Can't start dialog server on port " + port);
}

static boolean startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(int port, final DialogHandler handler) {
  return startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(port, handler, false);
}

static ServerSocket startDialogServer_serverSocket;
  
static boolean startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(int port, final DialogHandler handler, boolean daemon) {
  ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
  try {
    serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
  } catch (IOException e) {
    // probably the port number is used - let's assume there already is a chat server.
    return false;
  }
  final ServerSocket _serverSocket = serverSocket;
  startDialogServer_serverSocket = serverSocket;

  Thread thread = new Thread("Socket accept port " + port) { public void run() {
   try {
    while (true) {
      try {
        final Socket s = _serverSocket.accept();
        
        String client = s.getInetAddress().toString();
        if (!dialogServer_knownClients.contains(client) && neq(client, "/127.0.0.1")) {
          print("connect from " + client + " - clients: " + dialogServer_clients.incrementAndGet());
          dialogServer_knownClients.add(client);
        }
        
        String threadName = "Handling client " + s.getInetAddress();

        Thread t2 = new Thread(threadName) {
         public void run() {
          try {
            final Writer w = new OutputStreamWriter(s.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
            final BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
              new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
              
            DialogIO io = new DialogIO() {
            
              // This should be the same as #1001076 (talkTo)
            
  boolean isLocalConnection() {
    return s.getInetAddress().isLoopbackAddress();
  }
  
  boolean isStillConnected() {
    return !(eos || s.isClosed());
  }
  
  void sendLine(String line) { try {
    w.write(line + "\n");
    w.flush();
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  String readLineImpl() { try {
    return in.readLine();
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  void close() {
    try {
      s.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      // whatever
    }
  }
  
  Socket getSocket() {
    return s;
  }
  };
            
            try {
              handler.run(io);
            } finally {
              s.close();
            }
          } catch (IOException e) {
            print("[internal] " + e);
          } finally {
            //print("client disconnect - " + dialogServer_clients.decrementAndGet() + " remaining");
          }
         }
        }; // Thread t2
        t2.setDaemon(true); // ?
        t2.start();
      } catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
      }
    }   
   } catch (IOException e) {
     print("[internal] " + e);
   }
  }};
  if (daemon) thread.setDaemon(true);
  thread.start();
 
  if (!isTrue(getAndClearThreadLocal(startDialogServer_quiet)))
    print("Dialog server on port " + port + " started."); 
  return true;
}
static String myJavaSource_code;

static String myJavaSource() {
  return myJavaSource_code;
}
static boolean publicCommOn() {
  return "1".equals(loadTextFile(new File(userHome(), ".javax/public-communication")));
}
static List<String> dropPunctuation_keep = litlist("*", "<", ">");

static List<String> dropPunctuation(List<String> tok) {
  tok = new ArrayList<String>(tok);
  for (int i = 1; i < tok.size(); i += 2) {
    String t = tok.get(i);
    if (t.length() == 1 && !Character.isLetter(t.charAt(0)) && !Character.isDigit(t.charAt(0)) && !dropPunctuation_keep.contains(t)) {
      tok.set(i-1, tok.get(i-1) + tok.get(i+1));
      tok.remove(i);
      tok.remove(i);
      i -= 2;
    }
  }
  return tok;
}

static String dropPunctuation(String s) {
  return join(dropPunctuation(nlTok(s)));
}
static void removeFromMultiPort(long vport) {
  if (vport == 0) return;
  for (Object port : getMultiPorts())
    call(port, "removePort", vport);
}
static Object addToMultiPort_responder;

static long addToMultiPort(final String botName) {
  return addToMultiPort(botName, new Object() {
    public String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
      String answer = (String) ( callOpt(getMainClass(), "answer", s, history));
      if (answer != null) return answer;
      answer = (String) callOpt(getMainClass(), "answer", s);
      if (answer != null) return answer;
      if (match3("get injection id", s))
        return getInjectionID();
      return null;
    }
  });
}

static long addToMultiPort(final String botName, final Object responder) {
  //print(botName);
  addToMultiPort_responder = responder;
  startMultiPort();
  List ports = getMultiPorts();
  if (ports == null) return 0;
  if (ports.isEmpty())
    throw fail("No multiports!");
  if (ports.size() > 1)
    print("Multiple multi-ports. Using last one.");
  Object port = last(ports);
  Object responder2 = new Object() {
    public String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
      if (match3("get injection id", s))
        return getInjectionID();
      if (match3("your name", s))
        return botName;
      return (String) call(responder, "answer", s, history);
    }
  };
  record(responder2);
  return (Long) call(port, "addResponder", botName, responder2);
}

static String indentx(String s) {
  return indentx(indent_default, s);
}

static String indentx(int n, String s) {
  return dropSuffix(repeat(' ', n), indent(n, s));
}

static String indentx(String indent, String s) {
  return dropSuffix(indent, indent(indent, s));
}
static String getInjectionID() {
  return (String) call(getJavaX(), "getInjectionID", getMainClass());
}
static volatile boolean readLine_noReadLine;

static String readLine() {
  if (readLine_noReadLine) return null;
  return (String) call(getJavaX(), "readLine");
}
static String[] dropFirst(int n, String[] a) {
  return drop(n, a);
}

static String[] dropFirst(String[] a) {
  return drop(1, a);
}

static Object[] dropFirst(Object[] a) {
  return drop(1, a);
}

static <A> List<A> dropFirst(List<A> l) {
  return dropFirst(1, l);
}

static <A> List<A> dropFirst(Iterable<A> i) {
  return dropFirst(toList(i));
}

static <A> List<A> dropFirst(int n, List<A> l) {
  return n <= 0 ? l : new ArrayList(l.subList(Math.min(n, l.size()), l.size()));
}

static <A> List<A> dropFirst(List<A> l, int n) {
  return dropFirst(n, l);
}

static String dropFirst(int n, String s) { return substring(s, n); }
static String dropFirst(String s) { return substring(s, 1); }
static Object callOptMC(String method, Object... args) {
  return callOpt(mc(), method, args);
}
static String getInnerMessage(Throwable e) {
  if (e == null) return null;
  return getInnerException(e).getMessage();
}
static Object[] toObjectArray(Collection c) {
  List l = asList(c);
  return l.toArray(new Object[l.size()]);
}

static String processID_cached;

// try to get our current process ID
static String getPID() {
  if (processID_cached == null) {
    String name = ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().getName();
    processID_cached = name.replaceAll("@.*", "");
  }
  return processID_cached;
}
static String getProgramName_cache;

static synchronized String getProgramName() {
  if (getProgramName_cache == null)
    getProgramName_cache = getSnippetTitleOpt(programID());
  return getProgramName_cache;
}


static <A> Set<A> synchroTreeSet() {
  return Collections.synchronizedSet(new TreeSet<A>());
}

static boolean forbiddenPort(int port) {
  return port == 5037; // adb
}

static List<String> nlTok(String s) {
  return javaTokPlusPeriod(s);
}
static <A> ArrayList<A> toList(A[] a) { return asList(a); }
static ArrayList<Integer> toList(int[] a) { return asList(a); }
static <A> ArrayList<A> toList(Set<A> s) { return asList(s); }
static <A> ArrayList<A> toList(Iterable<A> s) { return asList(s); }
static List<Object> getMultiPorts() {
  return (List) callOpt(getJavaX(), "getMultiPorts");
}
static int indent_default = 2;

static String indent(int indent) {
  return repeat(' ', indent);
}

static String indent(int indent, String s) {
  return indent(repeat(' ', indent), s);
}

static String indent(String indent, String s) {
  return indent + s.replace("\n", "\n" + indent);
}

static String indent(String s) {
  return indent(indent_default, s);
}

static List<String> indent(String indent, List<String> lines) {
  List<String> l = new ArrayList();
  for (String s : lines)
    l.add(indent + s);
  return l;
}
// start multi-port if none exists in current VM.
static void startMultiPort() {
  List mp = getMultiPorts();
  if (mp != null && mp.isEmpty()) {
    nohupJavax("#1001639");
    throw fail("Upgrading JavaX, please restart this program afterwards.");
    //callMain(hotwire("#1001672"));
  }
}
static String getSnippetTitleOpt(String s) {
  return isSnippetID(s) ? getSnippetTitle(s) : s;
}
static String[] drop(int n, String[] a) {
  n = Math.min(n, a.length);
  String[] b = new String[a.length-n];
  System.arraycopy(a, n, b, 0, b.length);
  return b;
}

static Object[] drop(int n, Object[] a) {
  n = Math.min(n, a.length);
  Object[] b = new Object[a.length-n];
  System.arraycopy(a, n, b, 0, b.length);
  return b;
}


static String getSnippetTitle(String id) { try {
  if (id == null) return null;
  if (!isSnippetID(id)) return "?";
  long parsedID = parseSnippetID(id);
  String url;
  if (isImageServerSnippet(parsedID))
    url = "http://ai1.lol/images/raw/title/" + parsedID;
  else
    url = tb_mainServer() + "/tb-int/getfield.php?id=" + parsedID + "&field=title" + standardCredentials();
  return trim(loadPageSilently(url));
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static String getSnippetTitle(long id) {
  return getSnippetTitle(fsI(id));
}



static ThreadLocal<String> loadPage_charset = new ThreadLocal();
static boolean loadPage_allowGzip = true, loadPage_debug;
static boolean loadPage_anonymous; // don't send computer ID
static int loadPage_verboseness = 100000;
static int loadPage_retries = 1; //60; // seconds
static ThreadLocal<Boolean> loadPage_silent = new ThreadLocal();
static volatile int loadPage_forcedTimeout; // ms

public static String loadPageSilently(String url) { try {
  return loadPageSilently(new URL(loadPage_preprocess(url)));
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

public static String loadPageSilently(URL url) { try {
  IOException e = null;
  for (int tries = 0; tries < loadPage_retries; tries++)
    try {
      URLConnection con = loadPage_openConnection(url);
      return loadPage(con, url);
    } catch (IOException _e) {
      e = _e;
      if (loadPageThroughProxy_enabled) {
        print("Trying proxy because of: " + e);
        try {
          return loadPageThroughProxy(str(url));
        } catch (Throwable e2) {
          print("  " + exceptionToStringShort(e2));
        }
      } else if (loadPage_debug)
        print(e);
      sleepSeconds(1);
    }
  throw e;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

static String loadPage_preprocess(String url) {  
  if (url.startsWith("tb/")) // don't think we use this anymore
    url = tb_mainServer() + "/" + url;
  if (url.indexOf("://") < 0)
    url = "http://" + url;
  return url;
}

public static String loadPage(String url) { try {
  url = loadPage_preprocess(url);
  if (!isTrue(loadPage_silent.get()))
    print("Loading: " + hideCredentials(url));
  return loadPageSilently(new URL(url));
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

public static String loadPage(URL url) {
  print("Loading: " + hideCredentials(url.toExternalForm()));
  return loadPageSilently(url);
}

public static String loadPage(URLConnection con, URL url) throws IOException {
  try {
    if (!loadPage_anonymous)
      setHeaders(con);
    if (loadPage_allowGzip)
      con.setRequestProperty("Accept-Encoding", "gzip");
    con.setRequestProperty("X-No-Cookies", "1");
  } catch (Throwable e) {} // fails if within doPost
  String contentType = con.getContentType();
  if (contentType == null)
    throw new IOException("Page could not be read: " + url);
  //print("Content-Type: " + contentType);
  String charset = loadPage_charset == null ? null : loadPage_charset.get();
  if (charset == null) charset = loadPage_guessCharset(contentType);
  
  InputStream in = con.getInputStream();
  try {
    if ("gzip".equals(con.getContentEncoding())) {
      if (loadPage_debug)
        print("loadPage: Using gzip.");
      in = new GZIPInputStream(in);
    }
    Reader r = new InputStreamReader(in, charset);
    
    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
    int n = 0;
    while (true) {
      int ch = r.read();
      if (ch < 0)
        break;
      buf.append((char) ch);
      ++n;
      if ((n % loadPage_verboseness) == 0) print("  " + n + " chars read");
    }
    return buf.toString();
  } finally { in.close(); }
}

static String loadPage_guessCharset(String contentType) {
  Pattern p = Pattern.compile("text/[a-z]+;\\s*charset=([^\\s]+)\\s*");
  Matcher m = p.matcher(contentType);
  String match = m.matches() ? m.group(1) : null;
  if (loadPage_debug)
    print("loadPage: contentType=" + contentType + ", match: " + match);
  /* If Content-Type doesn't match this pre-conception, choose default and hope for the best. */
  return or(match, "ISO-8859-1");
}

static URLConnection loadPage_openConnection(URL url) {
  URLConnection con = openConnection(url);
  if (loadPage_forcedTimeout != 0)
    setURLConnectionTimeouts(con, loadPage_forcedTimeout);
  return con;
}
static String tb_mainServer_default = "http://tinybrain.de:8080";
static Object tb_mainServer_override; // func -> S

static String tb_mainServer() {
  if (tb_mainServer_override != null) return (String) callF(tb_mainServer_override);
  return trim(loadTextFile(tb_mainServer_file(),
    tb_mainServer_default));
}

static File tb_mainServer_file() {
  return getProgramFile("#1001638", "mainserver.txt");
}

static boolean tb_mainServer_isDefault() {
  return eq(tb_mainServer(), tb_mainServer_default);
}
static String standardCredentials() {
  String user = standardCredentialsUser();
  String pass = standardCredentialsPass();
  if (nempty(user) && nempty(pass))
    return "&_user=" + urlencode(user) + "&_pass=" + urlencode(pass);
  return "";
}


static void setHeaders(URLConnection con) throws IOException {
  String computerID = getComputerID_quick();
  if (computerID != null) try {
    con.setRequestProperty("X-ComputerID", computerID);
    con.setRequestProperty("X-OS", System.getProperty("os.name") + " " + System.getProperty("os.version"));
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    //printShortException(e);
  }
}
static URLConnection openConnection(URL url) { try {
  ping();
  callOpt(javax(), "recordOpenURLConnection", str(url));
  return url.openConnection();
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
static <A> A or(A a, A b) {
  return a != null ? a : b;
}
static URLConnection setURLConnectionTimeouts(URLConnection con, int timeout) {
  con.setConnectTimeout(timeout);
  con.setReadTimeout(timeout);
  if (con.getConnectTimeout() != timeout || con.getReadTimeout() != timeout)
    print("Warning: Timeouts not set by JDK.");
  return con;
}
static String standardCredentialsUser() {
  return trim(loadTextFile(new File(userHome(), ".tinybrain/username")));
}
static final boolean loadPageThroughProxy_enabled = false;

static String loadPageThroughProxy(String url) {
  return null;
}
static String standardCredentialsPass() {
  return trim(loadTextFile(new File(userHome(), ".tinybrain/userpass")));
}


static String getComputerID_quick() {
  return computerID();
}


static String _computerID;
public static String computerID() { try {
  if (_computerID == null) {
    File file = new File(userHome(), ".tinybrain/computer-id");
    _computerID = loadTextFile(file.getPath(), null);
    if (_computerID == null) {
      _computerID = makeRandomID(12);
      saveTextFile(file.getPath(), _computerID);
    }
  }
  return _computerID;
} catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }


static class SynchronizedSet<E> extends SynchronizedCollection<E> implements Set<E> {
  SynchronizedSet() {} // for persistence
  SynchronizedSet(Set<E> set) { super(set); }
  SynchronizedSet(Set<E> set, Object mutex) { super(set, mutex); }
  
  public boolean equals(Object o) {
      if (this == o)
          return true;
      synchronized (this) {return c.equals(o);}
  }
  
  public int hashCode() {
      synchronized (this) {return c.hashCode();}
  }
}

static class CollectionInConcept<E> implements Collection<E> {
  Collection<E> c;  // Backing Collection
  Concept cc;

  CollectionInConcept() {} // for persistence
  CollectionInConcept(Collection<E> c, Concept cc) {
  this.cc = cc;
  this.c = c;}

  public int size() {
      synchronized (this) {return c.size();}
  }
  public boolean isEmpty() {
      synchronized (this) {return c.isEmpty();}
  }
  public boolean contains(Object o) {
      synchronized (this) {return c.contains(o);}
  }
  public Object[] toArray() {
      synchronized (this) {return c.toArray();}
  }
  public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
      synchronized (this) {return c.toArray(a);}
  }

  public Iterator<E> iterator() {
      return c.iterator(); // caller should not use Iterator.remove()
  }

  public boolean add(E e) {
      synchronized (this) {if (!c.add(e)) return false; } change(); return true;
  }
  public boolean remove(Object o) {
      synchronized (this) {if (!c.remove(o)) return false;} change(); return true;
  }

  public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> coll) {
      synchronized (this) {return c.containsAll(coll);}
  }
  public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> coll) {
      synchronized (this) {if (!c.addAll(coll)) return false;} change(); return true;
  }
  public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> coll) {
      synchronized (this) {if (!c.removeAll(coll)) return false;} change(); return true;
  }
  public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> coll) {
      synchronized (this) {if (!c.retainAll(coll)) return false;} change(); return true;
  }
  public void clear() {
      synchronized (this) {c.clear();} change();
  }
  public String toString() {
      synchronized (this) {return c.toString();}
  }
  
  /*public void forEach(Consumer<? super E> consumer) {
      synchronized (this) {c.forEach(consumer);}
  }*/
 
  /*public boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super E> filter) {
      synchronized (this) {return c.removeIf(filter);}
  }*/
  @Override
  public Spliterator<E> spliterator() {
      return c.spliterator(); // Must be manually synched by user!
  }
  
  /*public Stream<E> stream() {
      return c.stream(); // Must be manually synched by user!
  }*/
  
  /*public Stream<E> parallelStream() {
      return c.parallelStream(); // Must be manually synched by user!
  }*/
  
  void change() { if (cc != null) cc.change(); }
  
  Collection<E> unwrap() { return c; }
}

static class SynchronizedCollection<E> implements Collection<E> {
  Collection<E> c;  // Backing Collection
  Object mutex;     // Object on which to synchronize

  SynchronizedCollection() {} // for persistence
  SynchronizedCollection(Collection<E> c) {
      this.c = Objects.requireNonNull(c);
      mutex = this;
  }

  SynchronizedCollection(Collection<E> c, Object mutex) {
      this.c = Objects.requireNonNull(c);
      this.mutex = Objects.requireNonNull(mutex);
  }

  public int size() {
      synchronized (mutex) {return c.size();}
  }
  public boolean isEmpty() {
      synchronized (mutex) {return c.isEmpty();}
  }
  public boolean contains(Object o) {
      synchronized (mutex) {return c.contains(o);}
  }
  public Object[] toArray() {
      synchronized (mutex) {return c.toArray();}
  }
  public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
      synchronized (mutex) {return c.toArray(a);}
  }

  public Iterator<E> iterator() {
      return c.iterator(); // Must be manually synched by user!
  }

  public boolean add(E e) {
      synchronized (mutex) {return c.add(e);}
  }
  public boolean remove(Object o) {
      synchronized (mutex) {return c.remove(o);}
  }

  public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> coll) {
      synchronized (mutex) {return c.containsAll(coll);}
  }
  public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> coll) {
      synchronized (mutex) {return c.addAll(coll);}
  }
  public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> coll) {
      synchronized (mutex) {return c.removeAll(coll);}
  }
  public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> coll) {
      synchronized (mutex) {return c.retainAll(coll);}
  }
  public void clear() {
      synchronized (mutex) {c.clear();}
  }
  public String toString() {
      synchronized (mutex) {return c.toString();}
  }
  
  /*public void forEach(Consumer<? super E> consumer) {
      synchronized (mutex) {c.forEach(consumer);}
  }*/
 
  /*public boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super E> filter) {
      synchronized (mutex) {return c.removeIf(filter);}
  }*/
  @Override
  public Spliterator<E> spliterator() {
      return c.spliterator(); // Must be manually synched by user!
  }
  
  /*public Stream<E> stream() {
      return c.stream(); // Must be manually synched by user!
  }*/
  
  /*public Stream<E> parallelStream() {
      return c.parallelStream(); // Must be manually synched by user!
  }*/
}

static class Str extends Concept {
  String name;
  List<String> otherNames = new ArrayList();
  
  Str() {}
  Str(String name) {
  this.name = name;}
  
  public String toString() { return name; }
}

/** this class is fully thread-safe */
static class Flag {
  private boolean up;

  /** returns true if flag was down before */
  public synchronized boolean raise() {
    if (!up) {
      up = true;
      notifyAll();
      return true;
    } else
      return false;
  }

  public synchronized void waitUntilUp() {
    while (!up) {
      try {
        wait();
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }
  }

  public synchronized void waitUntilUp(long timeout) {
    if (!up) {
      try {
        wait(timeout);
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }
  }

  public synchronized boolean isUp() {
    return up;
  }

  public String toString() {
    return isUp() ? "up" : "down";
  }

  // currently does a semi-active wait with latency = 50 ms
  public void waitForThisOr(Flag otherFlag) { try {
    while (!isUp() && !otherFlag.isUp())
      Thread.sleep(50);
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
}

// union-type entry
static class E {
  String q, a, state;
  boolean test; // not used anymore probably
  String comment; // not checked for comparison
  
  E() {}
  E(String text, String type) {
    if (eq(type, "q")) q = text;
    else if (eq(type, "a")) a = text;
    else state = text;
  }
  
  // does not compare the "test" bit
  boolean eqTo(E y) {
    E x = this;
    return eq/*ic*/(x.q, y.q) && eq/*ic*/(x.a, y.a) && eq/*ic*/(x.state, y.state);
  }
  
  public boolean equals(Object o) {
    return o instanceof E && eqTo((E) o);
  }
  
  public int hashCode() {
    return stdHash(this, "q", "a", "state");
  }
  
  static E state(String state) {
    if (state == null) return null; E e = new E(); e.state = state; return e;
  }
  
  static E q(String q) {
    if (q == null) return null; E e = new E(); e.q = q; return e;
  }
  
  static E a(String a) {
    if (a == null) return null; E e = new E(); e.a = a; return e;
  }
  
  public String toString() {
    return unparsePoemLine(this);
  }
  
  boolean q() { return q != null; }
  boolean a() { return a != null; }
  boolean state() { return state != null; }
  String type() { return q() ? "q" : a() ? "a" : "state"; }
  String text() { return q() ? q : a() ? a : state; }
}

static class ProgramScan {
  static int threads = isWindows() ? 500 : 10;
  static int timeout = 5000; // hmm...
  static String ip = "127.0.0.1";
  
  // This range is not used anymore anyway
  static int quickScanFrom = 10000, quickScanTo = 10999;

  static int maxNumberOfVMs_android = 4; // Android will always only have one if we don't screw up
  static int maxNumberOfVMs_nonAndroid = 50; // 100;
  static int maxNumberOfVMs;
  
  static boolean verbose;
  
  static class Program {
    int port;
    String helloString;
    
    Program(int port, String helloString) {
  this.helloString = helloString;
  this.port = port;}
  }
  
  static List<Program> scan() { try {
    return scan(1, 65535);
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
  
  static List<Program> scan(int fromPort, int toPort) {
    return scan(fromPort, toPort, new int[0]);
  }
  
  static List<Program> scan(int fromPort, int toPort, int[] preferredPorts) { try {
    Set<Integer> preferredPortsSet = new HashSet<Integer>(asList(preferredPorts));
    int scanSize = toPort-fromPort+1;
    String name = toPort < 10000 ? "bot" : "program";
    int threads = isWindows() ? min(500, scanSize) : min(scanSize, 10);
    final ExecutorService es = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threads);
    if (verbose) print(firstToUpper(name) + "-scanning " + ip + " with timeout " + timeout + " ms in " + threads + " threads.");
    startTiming();
    List < Future < Program > > futures = new ArrayList();
    List<Integer> ports = new ArrayList();
    for (int port : preferredPorts) {
      futures.add(checkPort(es, ip, port, timeout));
      ports.add(port);
    }
    for (int port = fromPort; port <= toPort; port++)
      if (!preferredPortsSet.contains(port) && !forbiddenPort(port)) {
        futures.add(checkPort(es, ip, port, timeout));
        ports.add(port);
      }
    es.shutdown();
    List<Program> programs = new ArrayList();
    long time = now();
    int i = 0;
    for (final Future<Program> f : futures) {
      if (verbose) print("Waiting for port " + get(ports, i++) + " at time " + (now()-time));
      Program p = f.get();
      if (p != null)
        programs.add(p);
    }
    //stopTiming("Port Scan " + scanSize + ", " + n(threads, "threads") + ": ", 250);
    if (verbose) print("Found " + programs.size() + " " + name + "(s) on " + ip);
    return programs;
  } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }

  static Future<Program> checkPort(final ExecutorService es, final String ip, final int port, final int timeout) {
    return es.submit(new Callable<Program>() {
        @Override public Program call() {
          try {
            Socket socket = new Socket();
            try {
              socket.setSoTimeout(timeout);
              socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(ip, port), timeout);
              //if (verbose) print("Connected to " + ip + ":" + port);
              BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
                new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
              String hello = or(in.readLine(), "?");
              return new Program(port, hello);
            } finally {
              socket.close();
            }
          } catch (Exception ex) {
            return null;
          }
        }
     });
  }
  
  static List<Program> quickScan() {
    return scan(quickScanFrom, quickScanTo);
  }
  
  static List<Program> quickBotScan() {
    return quickBotScan(new int[0]);
  }
  
  static List<Program> quickBotScan(int[] preferredPorts) {
    if (maxNumberOfVMs == 0)
      maxNumberOfVMs = isAndroid() ? maxNumberOfVMs_android : maxNumberOfVMs_nonAndroid;
    return scan(4999, 5000+maxNumberOfVMs-1, preferredPorts);
  }
}

  static abstract class DialogIO {
    String line;
    boolean eos, loud, noClose;
    
    abstract String readLineImpl();
    abstract boolean isStillConnected();
    abstract void sendLine(String line);
    abstract boolean isLocalConnection();
    abstract Socket getSocket();
    abstract void close();
    
    int getPort() { Socket s = getSocket(); return s == null ? 0 : s.getPort(); }
    
    boolean helloRead;
    int shortenOutputTo = 500;
    
    String readLineNoBlock() {
      String l = line;
      line = null;
      return l;
    }
    
    boolean waitForLine() { try {
      if (line != null) return true;
      //print("Readline");
      line = readLineImpl();
      //print("Readline done: " + line);
      if (line == null) eos = true;
      return line != null;
    } catch (Exception __e) { throw rethrow(__e); } }
    
    String readLine() {
      waitForLine();
      helloRead = true;
      return readLineNoBlock();
    }
    
    String ask(String s, Object... args) {
      if (loud) return askLoudly(s, args);
      if (!helloRead) readLine();
      if (args.length != 0) s = format3(s, args);
      sendLine(s);
      return readLine();
    }
    
    String askLoudly(String s, Object... args) {
      if (!helloRead) readLine();
      if (args.length != 0) s = format3(s, args);
      print("> " + shorten(s, shortenOutputTo));
      sendLine(s);
      String answer = readLine();
      print("< " + shorten(answer, shortenOutputTo));
      return answer;
    }
    
    void pushback(String l) {
      if (line != null)
        throw fail();
      line = l;
      helloRead = false;
    }
  }
  
  static abstract class DialogHandler {
    abstract void run(DialogIO io);
  }

static String unparsePoemLine(E e) {
  return trim(unparsePoem(litlist(e)));
}
static long stopTiming_defaultMin = 10;

static long startTiming_startTime;
static void startTiming() {
  startTiming_startTime = now();
}

static void stopTiming() {
  stopTiming(null);
}

static void stopTiming(String text) {
  stopTiming(text, stopTiming_defaultMin);
}

static void stopTiming(String text, long minToPrint) {
  long time = now()-startTiming_startTime;
  if (time >= minToPrint) {
    text = or2(text, "Time: ");
    print(text + time + " ms");
  }
}
static <A> boolean containsAll(Collection<? extends A> a, Collection<A> b) {
  for (A o : b)
    if (!a.contains(o))
      return false;
  return true;
}
static String firstToUpper(String s) {
  if (empty(s)) return s;
  return Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(0)) + s.substring(1);
}


static String unparsePoem(List<E> poem) {
  List<String> l = new ArrayList();
  for (E e : poem) {
    String s;
    if (e.q != null)
      s = "Usr: " + trim(e.q);
    else if (e.a != null)
      s = "Bot: " + trim(e.a);
    else if (e.state != null)
      s = "[" + trim(e.state) + "]";
    else
      s = "?";
    if (e.comment != null)
      s += " // " + e.comment;
    l.add(s);
  }
  return joinLines(l);
}


static String joinLines(List<String> lines) {
  return fromLines(lines);
}

static String joinLines(String glue, String text) {
  return join(glue, toLines(text));
}


// usually L<S>
static String fromLines(Collection lines) {
  StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
  if (lines != null)
    for (Object line : lines)
      buf.append(str(line)).append('\n');
  return buf.toString();
}

static String fromLines(String... lines) {
  return fromLines(asList(lines));
}

}