import java.util.*;
import java.util.zip.*;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.event.*;
import javax.swing.text.*;
import javax.swing.table.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.lang.ref.*;
import java.lang.management.*;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.spec.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
import javax.imageio.*;
import java.math.*;
public class main {
// A concept should be an object, not just a string.

// By default, we will LOAD (from program's dir), but not SAVE.
// Call saveConcepts() to save.

static interface Derefable {
  Concept get();
}
  
static class Concept extends DynamicObject {
  long id;
  Object madeBy;
  //double energy;
  //bool defunct;
  long created;
  
  // used only internally (cnew)
  Concept(String className) {
    super(className);
    _created();
  }
  
  Concept() {
    if (!DynamicObject_loading) {
      className = shortClassName(this);
      //print("New concept of type " + className);
      _created();
    }
  }
  
  List<Ref> refs = new ArrayList<Ref>();
  List<Ref> backRefs = new ArrayList<Ref>();

  void _created() {  
    created = now();
    if (!isTrue(_unlisted.get())) register();
  }
  
  void put(String field, Object value) {
    fieldValues.put(field, value);
    change();
  }
  
  Object get(String field) {
    return fieldValues.get(field);
  }
  
  class Ref<A extends Concept> implements Derefable {
    A value;
    
    Ref() {
      if (!DynamicObject_loading) refs.add(this);
    }
    
    Ref(A value) {
  this.value = value;
      refs.add(this);
      index();
    }
    
    // get owning concept (source)
    Concept concept() { return Concept.this; }
    
    // get target
    public A get() { return value; }
    
    boolean has() { return value != null; }
    boolean empty() { return value == null; }
    
    void set(A a) {
      if (a == value) return;
      unindex();
      value = a;
      index();
    }
    
    void set(Ref<A> ref) { set(ref.get()); }
    
    void clear() { set((A) null); }
    
    void index() { 
      if (value != null)
        value.backRefs.add(this);
      change();
    }
    
    void unindex() {
      if (value != null)
        value.backRefs.remove(this);
    }
    
    public String toString() {
      return str(get());
    }
  }
  
  class RefL<A extends Concept> extends AbstractList<A> {
    List<Ref<A>> l = new ArrayList<Ref<A>>();
    
    public A set(int i, A o) {
      A prev = l.get(i).get();
      l.get(i).set(o);
      change();
      return prev;
    }
    
    public void add(int i, A o) {
      l.add(i, new Ref(o));
      change();
    }
    
    public A get(int i) {
      return l.get(i).get();
    }
    
    public A remove(int i) {
      A a = l.remove(i).get();
      change();
      return a;
    }
    
    public int size() {
      return l.size();
    }
    
    // derefs
    void addAll_(List l) {
      for (Object x : l) add_(x);
    }
    
    // derefs
    void add_(Object o) {
      add((A) deref(o));
    }
  }
  
  void delete() {
    if (id == 0) return;
    concepts.remove(id);
    conceptsByClass.get(getClass()).remove(id);
    id = 0;
    //name = "[defunct " + name + "]";
    //defunct = true;
    //energy = 0;
    for (Ref r : refs)
      r.unindex();
    refs.clear();
    change();
  }
  
  // register a previously unlisted concept
  void register() {
    if (id != 0) return; // already registered
    id = newID();
    concepts.put(id, this);
    _addToClassMap();
    change();
  }
  
  void _addToClassMap() {
    Class c = getClass();
    Map<Long, Concept> map = conceptsByClass.get(c);
    if (map == null) {
      // we're the first object, register this class
      Class superclass = c.getSuperclass();
      if (superclass != Concept.class)
        subclasses.put(superclass, c);
      conceptsByClass.put(c, map = new HashMap());
    }
    map.put(id, this);
  }
} // class Concept

// for inter-process communication
// prepared for string ids if we do them later
static class PassRef {
  String id;
  
  PassRef() {} // make serialisation happy
  PassRef(long id) { this.id = str(id); }
  PassRef(Concept c) { this(c.id); }
  long longID() { return parseLong(id); }
  
  public String toString() {
    return id;
  }
}

static class Event extends Concept {}

// This can be set by client
static boolean concepts_quietSave;

static Map<Long, Concept> concepts = synchroTreeMap();
static Map<Class, Map<Long, Concept>> conceptsByClass = synchroHashMap();
static MultiMap<Class, Class> subclasses = new MultiMap<Class, Class>();

static long idCounter;
static volatile long changes = 1, changesWritten;
static volatile java.util.Timer autoSaver;
static volatile boolean savingConcepts;
static ThreadLocal<Boolean> _unlisted = new ThreadLocal<Boolean>();
static boolean concepts_saveOneMore;
static String conceptsLoadedFrom;
static int concepts_internStringsLongerThan = 10;

static long newID() {
  do {
    ++idCounter;
  } while (hasConcept(idCounter));
  return idCounter;
}

static synchronized void loadConceptsFrom(String programID) {
  conceptsLoadedFrom = programID;
  clearConcepts();
  DynamicObject_loading = true;
  try {
    structure_internStringsLongerThan = concepts_internStringsLongerThan;
    readLocally(programID, "concepts");
    readLocally(programID, "idCounter");
    assignConceptsToUs();
  } finally {
    DynamicObject_loading = false;
  }
}

static void assignConceptsToUs() {
  for (Concept c : values(concepts)) {
    c._addToClassMap();
    callOpt(c, "_doneLoading2");
  }
}

static synchronized void loadConcepts() {
  loadConceptsFrom(programID());
}

static Concept getConcept(String id) {
  return empty(id) ? null : getConcept(parseLong(id));
}

static Concept getConcept(long id) {
  return (Concept) concepts.get((long) id);
}

static Concept getConcept(PassRef ref) {
  return ref == null ? null : getConcept(ref.longID());
}

static boolean hasConcept(long id) {
  return concepts.containsKey((long) id);
}

static boolean hasConcept(Class c, Object... params) {
  return conceptWhere(c, params) != null;
}

static Concept deleteConcept(long id) {
  Concept c = getConcept(id);
  if (c == null)
    print("Concept " + id + " not found");
  else
    c.delete();
  return c;
}

// call in only one thread
static void saveConceptsIfDirty() {
  saveConceptsIfDirty(programID());
}

static void saveConceptsIfDirty(String programID) {
  savingConcepts = true;
  try {
    String s;
    synchronized(main.class) {
      boolean change = changes != changesWritten;
      if (!change && !concepts_saveOneMore) return;
      changesWritten = changes;
      concepts_saveOneMore = change;
      save(programID, "idCounter");
      s = structure(cloneMap(concepts));
    }
    if (!concepts_quietSave)
      print("Saving " + l(s) + " chars (" + changesWritten + ")");
    saveTextFile(getProgramFile(programID, "concepts.structure"), s);
    copyFile(getProgramFile(programID, "concepts.structure"), getProgramFile(programID, "concepts.structure.backup" + ymd() + "-" + formatInt(hours(), 2)));
  } finally {
    savingConcepts = false;
  }
}

static void saveConcepts() {
  saveConceptsIfDirty();
}

static void saveConceptsTo(String programID) {
  saveConceptsIfDirty(programID);
}

static void clearConcepts() {
  concepts.clear();
  conceptsByClass.clear();
  subclasses.clear();
  change();
}

static synchronized void change() {
  ++changes;
}

// auto-save every second if dirty
static synchronized void autoSaveConcepts() {
  if (autoSaver == null)
    autoSaver = doEvery(1000, new Runnable() { public void run() { try {  saveConcepts(); 
} catch (Exception __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); } } });
}

static void cleanMeUp() {
  if (autoSaver != null) {
    autoSaver.cancel();
    autoSaver = null;
  }
  while (savingConcepts) sleep(10);
  saveConceptsIfDirty();
}

static Map<Long, String> getIDsAndNames() {
  Map<Long, String> map = new HashMap<Long, String>();
  Map<Long, Concept> cloned = cloneMap(concepts);
  for (long id : keys(cloned)) 
    map.put(id, cloned.get(id).className);
  return map;
}

static <A extends Concept> A findBackRef(Concept c, Class<A> type) {
  return findBackRefOfType(c, type);
}

static <A extends Concept> A findBackRefOfType(Concept c, Class<A> type) {
  for (Concept.Ref r : c.backRefs)
    if (instanceOf(r.concept(), type))
      return (A) r.concept(); return null;
}

static <A extends Concept> List<A> findBackRefs(Concept c, Class<A> type) {
  List<A> l = new ArrayList<A>();
  for (Concept.Ref r : c.backRefs)
    if (instanceOf(r.concept(), type))
      l.add((A) r.concept());
  return l;
}

static <A extends Concept> A conceptOfType(Class<A> type) {
  return firstOfType(allConcepts(), type);
}

static <A extends Concept> List<A> conceptsOfType(Class<A> type) {
  //ret filterByType(allConcepts(), type);
  List<A> l = new ArrayList<A>();
  _collectInstances(type, l);
  return l;
}

static void _collectInstances(Class c, List l) {
  l.addAll(values(conceptsByClass.get(c)));
  for (Class sub : subclasses.get(c))
    _collectInstances(sub, l);
}

static <A extends Concept> List<A> listConcepts(Class<A> type) {
  return conceptsOfType(type);
}

static List<Concept> list(String type, Object... params) {
  return empty(params) ? conceptsOfType(type)
    : conceptsWhere(type, params);
}

static <A extends Concept> List<A> list(Class<A> type, Object... params) {
  return empty(params) ? conceptsOfType(type)
    : conceptsWhere(type, params);
}

static List<Concept> conceptsOfType(String type) {
  return filterByDynamicType(allConcepts(), "main$" + type);
}

static boolean hasConceptOfType(Class<? extends Concept> type) {
  return hasType(allConcepts(), type);
}

static void persistConcepts() {
  concepts_quietSave = true;
  loadConcepts();
  autoSaveConcepts();
}

static void loadAndAutoSaveConcepts() {
  persistConcepts();
}

// We love synonyms
static void conceptPersistence() {
  persistConcepts();
}
  
// Runs r if there is no concept of that type
static <A extends Concept> A ensureHas(Class<A> c, Runnable r) {
  A a = conceptOfType(c);
  if (a == null) {
    r.run();
    a = conceptOfType(c);
    if (a == null)
      throw fail("Concept not made by " + r + ": " + shortClassName(c));
  }
  return a;
}

// Ensures that every concept of type c1 is ref'd by a concept of
// type c2.
// Type of func: voidfunc(concept)
static void ensureHas(Class<? extends Concept> c1, Class<? extends Concept> c2, Object func) {
  for (Concept a : conceptsOfType(c1)) {
    Concept b = findBackRef(a, c2);
    if (b == null) {
      callF(func, a);
      b = findBackRef(a, c2);
      if (b == null)
        throw fail("Concept not made by " + func + ": " + shortClassName(c2));
    }
  }
}

// Type of func: voidfunc(concept)
static void forEvery(Class<? extends Concept> type, Object func) {
  for (Concept c : conceptsOfType(type))
    callF(func, c);
}

static int deleteAll(Class<? extends Concept> type) {
  List<Concept> l = (List) conceptsOfType(type);
  for (Concept c : l) c.delete();
  return l(l);
}

static Collection<Concept> allConcepts() {
  synchronized(concepts) {
    return new ArrayList(values(concepts));
  }
}

static Concept cnew(String name, Object... values) {
  Class<? extends Concept> cc = findClass(name);
  Concept c = cc != null ? nuObject(cc) : new Concept(name);
  csetAll(c, values);
  return c;
}

static <A extends Concept> A cnew(Class<A> cc, Object... values) {
  A c = nuObject(cc);
  csetAll(c, values);
  return c;
}

static void csetAll(Concept c, Object... values) {
  cset(c, values);
}

static void cset(Concept c, Object... values) { try {
 
  for (int i = 0; i+1 < l(values); i += 2) {
    String field = (String) values[i];
    Object value = values[i+1];
    Field f = setOpt_findField(c.getClass(), field);
    //print("cset: " + c.id + " " + field + " " + struct(value) + " " + f);
    if (value instanceof PassRef) value = getConcept((PassRef) value);
    value = deref(value);
    
    if (value instanceof String && l((String) value) >= concepts_internStringsLongerThan) value = ((String) value).intern();
    
    if (f == null)
      c.fieldValues.put(field, value instanceof Concept ? c.new Ref((Concept) value) : value);
    else if (isSubtypeOf(f.getType(), Concept.Ref.class))
      ((Concept.Ref) f.get(c)).set((Concept) value);
    else
      f.set(c, value);
  }
  change();

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

static Object cget(Concept c, String field) {
  Object o = getOptDyn(c, field);
  if (o instanceof Concept.Ref) return ((Concept.Ref) o).get();
  return o;
}

static PassRef toPassRef(Concept c) {
  return new PassRef(c);
}

// inter-process methods

static PassRef xnew(String name, Object... values) {
  return new PassRef(cnew(name, values));
}

static void xset(long id, String field, Object value) {
  xset(new PassRef(id), field, value);
}

static void xset(PassRef c, String field, Object value) {
  if (value instanceof PassRef)
    value = getConcept((PassRef) value);
  cset(getConcept(c), field, value);
}

// get class name of concept
static Object xclass(PassRef id) {
  Concept c = getConcept(id);
  return c == null ? null : c.className;
}

static Object xget(long id, String field) {
  return xget(new PassRef(id), field);
}

static Object xget(PassRef c, String field) {
  return export(cget(getConcept(c), field));
}

static void xdelete(long id) {
  xdelete(new PassRef(id));
}

static void xdelete(PassRef c) {
  getConcept(c).delete();
}

static List<PassRef> xlist() {
  return map("toPassRef", allConcepts());
}

static List<PassRef> xlist(String className) {
  return map("toPassRef", conceptsOfType(className));
}

// end of IPC methods

// make concept instance that is not connected to DB
static <A extends Concept> A unlisted(Class<A> c) {
  _unlisted.set(true);
  try {
    return nuObject(c);
  } finally {
    _unlisted.set(null);
  }
}

static <A extends Concept> A unary(Class<A> c) {
  A a = conceptOfType(c);
  if (a == null)
    a = nuObject(c);
  return a;
}

static Android3 makeDBBot(String name) {
  return makeBot(name, makeDBResponder());
}

static List<String> exposedDBMethods = ll("xlist", "xnew", "xset", "xdelete", "xget", "xclass");

static Object makeDBResponder() {
  return new Object() {
    String answer(String s) {
      return exposeMethods(s, exposedDBMethods);
    }
  };
}

static Object export(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof Concept)
    return new PassRef(((Concept) o).id);
  return o;
}

static synchronized void saveConceptsBack() {
  saveConceptsTo(assertNotNull(conceptsLoadedFrom));
}

static boolean eq(Object a, Object b) {
  return _eq(deref(a), deref(b));
} // Concepts
static class Str extends DefiniteThing {
  String name;
  List<String> otherNames = new ArrayList<String>();
  
  Str() {}
  Str(String name) {
  this.name = name;}
  
  public String toString() { return name; }
}

static Str concept(String name) {
  for (Str s : list(Str.class))
    if (eqic(s.name, name) || containsIgnoreCase(s.otherNames, name))
      return s;
  return new Str(name);
}

static void mergeStrs(Str a, Str b) {
  if (a == b) return;
  if (nempty(b.backRefs)) {
    Str t = a;
    a = b;
    b = t;
  }
  a.otherNames.add(b.name);
  a.otherNames.addAll(b.otherNames);
  if (nempty(b.backRefs))
    print("Warning: Deleting concept with back references - " + b.name);
  b.delete();
}

 // Str, concept, mergeStrs
static interface ISearchVar {
  boolean set(Object o);
  Object get();
}

static class MatchVar<A extends Concept> implements Derefable, ISearchVar {
  A value;
  Class<A> type;
  
  public A get() { return value; }
  
  public String toString() { return str(value); }
  
  boolean canHold(Object o) { return type == null || isInstance(type, o); }
  
  public boolean set(Object o) { if (canHold(o)) { value = (A) o; return true; } else return false; }
}

static class Subsearch {
  Class c;
  Object[] params;

  Subsearch(Class c, Object[] params) {
  this.c = c;
    this.params = expandParams(c, params);
  }
}

static Subsearch some(Class<? extends Concept> c, Object... params) {
  return new Subsearch(c, params);
}

static <A extends Concept> A searchConcept(MatchVar<A> var, Object... params) {
  assertNotNull(var.type); // must be typed to use in place of class
  return var.value = searchConcept(var.type, params);
}

static <A extends Concept> A searchConcept(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  params = expandParams(c, params);
  // First, go through all the concepts of the primary type.
  for (A concept : list(c))
    if (searchConcept_checkParams(concept, params))
      return concept; return null;
}

static <A extends Concept> List<A> searchConcept_all(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  params = expandParams(c, params);
  List<A> l = new ArrayList<A>();
  // First, go through all the concepts of the primary type.
  for (A concept : list(c))
    if (searchConcept_checkParams(concept, params))
      l.add(concept); // Success!
  return l;
}

static boolean searchConcept_checkParams(Concept c, Object... params) {
  for (int i = 0; i+1 < l(params); i += 2) {
    String field = (String) ( params[i]);
    Object val = derefRef(params[i+1]);
    Object actual = cget(c, field);
    if (val instanceof Subsearch) {
      Subsearch s = (Subsearch) ( val);
      if (!isInstance(s.c, actual)) return false; // wrong type
      if (!searchConcept_checkParams((Concept) actual, s.params)) return false; // bad params
    } else if (val instanceof ISearchVar) {
      ISearchVar v = (ISearchVar) ( val);
      if (!v.set(actual)) return false;
    } else
      if (neq(actual, val)) return false;
  } return true; // all params match
}

static boolean actually(Class c, Object... params) {
  return searchConcept(Actually.class, some(c, params)) != null;
}

/*sbool actually(MatchVar var, O... params) {
  ret searchConcept(Actually, some(var, params)) != null;
}*/

/*static L<Concept> listActually(MatchVar var, O... params) {
  ret map(func(Actually a) { a.what.get() }, searchConcept_all(Actually, some(var, params)));
}*/

static <A extends Concept> List<A> listActually(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  return map(new Object() { Object get(Actually a) { return  a.what.get() ; }
  public String toString() { return "a.what.get()"; }}, searchConcept_all(Actually.class, some(c, params)));
}

static <A extends Concept> MatchVar<A> typedVar(Class<A> c) {
  MatchVar<A> var = new MatchVar<A>();
  var.type = c;
  return var;
} // searchConcept

static class AThing extends Concept {
  Ref thing = new Ref();
  
  AThing() {}
  AThing(Concept thing) { this.thing.set(thing); }
}

static class DefiniteThing extends Concept {}

static AThing aThing(String name) {
  return uniqueConcept(AThing.class, "thing", concept(name));
}

// "main" has a number of "part"s.
static class HasMulti extends Concept {
  Ref main = new Ref();
  Ref part = new Ref();
}

// "main" has exactly "count" "part"s.
static class MultiCount extends Concept {
  Ref main = new Ref();
  Ref part = new Ref();
  int count;
}

// "main" has a "part".
static class HasA extends Concept {
  Ref main = new Ref();
  Ref part = new Ref();
}

// "main" has "part".
static class Has extends Concept {
  Ref main = new Ref();
  Ref part = new Ref();
}

static class IsA extends Concept {
  Ref thing = new Ref();
  Ref type = new Ref();
}

static class TheXOfY extends Concept {
  Ref x = new Ref();
  Ref y = new Ref();
}

static class Question extends Concept {
  String originalText;
}

static class OpenQuestion extends Concept {
  Ref<Question> question = new Ref<Question>();
}

static class AnsweredQuestion extends Concept {
  Ref<Question> question = new Ref<Question>();
  Ref answer = new Ref();
}

static class ConceptList extends Concept {
  RefL<Concept> list = new RefL<Concept>();
  
  ConceptList() {}
  ConceptList(List l) { list.addAll_(l); }
  
  void addAll(List l) {
    list.addAll(l);
  }
}

static class HowManyAreIn extends Question {
  Ref main = new Ref();
  Ref part = new Ref();
}

static class DoesXHaveAY extends Question {
  Ref x = new Ref();
  Ref y = new Ref();
}

static class WhatDoesXHave extends Question {
  Ref thing = new Ref();
}

static class Yes extends Concept {}
static class No extends Concept {}

static class AXIsY extends Concept {
  Ref x = new Ref();
  Ref y = new Ref();
}

static class SomethingTo extends Concept {
  Ref<Verb> verb = new Ref<Verb>();
}

static class Verb extends Concept {
  Ref<Str> str = new Ref<Str>();
  
  public String toString() {
    return str(str.get());
  }
}

static class Actually extends Concept {
  Ref what = new Ref();
}

// end of concepts

static void truly(Class c, Object... params) {
  truly(unique(c, params));
}

static void truly(Concept what) {
  unique(Actually.class, "what", what);
}

static void answerQuestion(Question question, Concept answer) {
  cdelete(OpenQuestion.class, "question", question);
  uniqueConcept(AnsweredQuestion.class, "question", question, "answer", answer);
}

static void answerQuestion(Question question, boolean answer) {
  answerQuestion(question, uniqueConcept(answer ? Yes.class : No.class));
}

static void printConcepts() {
  print();
  for (Concept c : allConcepts())
    printConcept(c);
}

static void printConcept(Concept c) {
  print(renderConcept(c));
}

static String renderConcept(Concept.Ref ref) {
  return renderConcept(ref.get());
}

static String renderConcept(Concept c) {
  StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
  if (c == null) buf.append("null");
  /*else if (c instanceof ConceptList) {
    for (Concept c2 : ((ConceptList) c).list)
      buf.append(renderConcept(c2) + "\n");
  }*/ else {
    buf.append(c.id + " " + shortDynamicClassName(c));
    for (String field : listFields(c)) {
      Object val = cget(c, field);
      if (val != null) {
        buf.append(" " + field + "=");
        buf.append(renderConceptShort(val));
      }
    }
  }
  return str(buf);
}

static String renderConceptShort(Object val) {
  if (val instanceof Str)
    return quote(((Str) val).name);
  else if (val instanceof AThing)
    return "a " + renderConceptShort(((AThing) val).thing.get());
  else if (val instanceof Concept)
    return shortDynamicClassName(val) + ((Concept) val).id;
  else
    return struct(val);
}

static String renderQuestion(Concept.Ref<Question> q) {
  return renderQuestion(q.get());
}

static String renderQuestion(Question q) {
  return q.originalText + " (" + shortDynamicClassName(q) + ")";
}

static void printQuestionsAndAnswers() {
  List<OpenQuestion> open = list(OpenQuestion.class);
  if (nempty(open)) {
    printAsciiHeading("Open questions");
    for (OpenQuestion oq : open)
      printIndent(renderQuestion(oq.question));
  }
  
  List<AnsweredQuestion> answered = list(AnsweredQuestion.class);
  if (nempty(answered)) {
    printAsciiHeading("Answered questions");
    for (AnsweredQuestion aq : answered) {
      printIndent(2, renderQuestion(aq.question));
      Concept a = aq.answer.get();
      if (a instanceof ConceptList)
        for (Concept c2 : ((ConceptList) a).list)
          printIndent(4, renderConcept(c2));
      else
        printIndent(4, renderConcept(a));
    }
  }
}

static boolean logic_parse(String s) {
  Matches m = new Matches();
  if (match("the plural of * is *", s, m)) {
    assertEqic(m.unq(1), plural(m.unq(0)));
    assertEqic(m.unq(0), singular(m.unq(1))); return true;
  }
  
  if (match("a * has *", s, m)) {
    Concept main = aThing(m.unq(0));
    Concept part = concept(singularFromPlural(m.unq(1)));
    uniqueConcept(HasMulti.class, "main", main, "part", part); return true;
  }
  
  if (match("a * has a *", s, m)) {
    Concept main = aThing(m.unq(0));
    Concept part = concept(m.unq(1));
    uniqueConcept(HasA.class, "main", main, "part", part); return true;
  }
  
  if (match("the number of * in a * is *", s, m)) {
    Concept main = aThing(m.unq(1));
    Concept part = concept(singularFromPlural(m.unq(0)));
    int n = parseInt(m.unq(2));
    uniqueConcept(MultiCount.class, "main", main, "part", part, "count", n); return true;
  }
  
  if (matchOneOf(s, m, "let's assume * is a *", "* is a *")) {
    Concept thing = concept(m.unq(0));
    Concept type = aThing(m.unq(1));
    uniqueConcept(IsA.class, "thing", thing, "type", type); return true;
  }
  
  if (match("how many * are in *", s, m)) {
    Concept main = concept(m.unq(1));
    Concept part = concept(singularFromPlural(m.unq(0)));
    uniqueConcept(OpenQuestion.class, "question",
      uniqueConcept(HowManyAreIn.class, "originalText", s, "main", main, "part", part)); return true;
  }
  
  if (match("what does * have", s, m)) {
    Concept thing = concept(m.unq(0));
    newQ(uniqueConcept(WhatDoesXHave.class, "originalText", s, "thing", thing)); return true;
  }
  
  if (match("does * have a *", s, m)) {
    Concept x = concept(m.unq(0));
    Concept y = concept(m.unq(1));
    newQ(uniqueConcept(DoesXHaveAY.class, "originalText", s, "x", x, "y", y)); return true;
  }
  
  if (match("* is a synonym of *", s, m)) {
    mergeStrs(concept(m.unq(0)), concept(m.unq(1))); return true;
  }
  
  if (trim(s).endsWith("?")) {
    uniqueConcept(OpenQuestion.class, "question",
      uniqueConcept(Question.class, "originalText", s)); return true;
  } return false;
}

static void newQ(Question q) {
  uniqueConcept(OpenQuestion.class, "question", q);
}

static void logic_processRules() {
  // Infer statements.
  
  // x is a y && a y has n z => x has n z
  
  for (IsA isA : list(IsA.class)) {
    Concept x = isA.thing.get(), y = isA.type.get();
    for (MultiCount mc : conceptsWhere(MultiCount.class, "main", y))
      uniqueConcept(MultiCount.class, "main", x, "part", mc.part, "count", mc.count); // todo: automate the copying
  }
  
  // x is a y && a y has a z => x has a z
  for (IsA isA : list(IsA.class)) {
    Concept x = isA.thing.get(), y = isA.type.get();
    for (HasA h : conceptsWhere(HasA.class, "main", y))
      uniqueConcept(HasA.class, "main", x, "part", h.part);
  }
  
  // x has a y => x has "the y of x"
  for (HasA h : list(HasA.class))
    if (h.main.get() instanceof DefiniteThing)
      uniqueConcept(Has.class, "main", h.main, "part",
        uniqueConcept(TheXOfY.class, "x", h.part, "y", h.main));

  // Answer questions.
  
  for (OpenQuestion oq : list(OpenQuestion.class)) {
    Question _q = oq.question.get();
    
    if (_q instanceof HowManyAreIn) {
      HowManyAreIn q = (HowManyAreIn) ( _q);
      MultiCount mc = conceptWhere(MultiCount.class, "main", q.main, "part", q.part);
      if (mc != null)
        answerQuestion(q, mc);
    }
    
    if (_q instanceof WhatDoesXHave) {
      WhatDoesXHave q = (WhatDoesXHave) ( _q);
      ConceptList l = new ConceptList();
      l.addAll(conceptsWhere(HasA.class, "main", q.thing));
      l.addAll(conceptsWhere(Has.class, "main", q.thing));
      answerQuestion(q, l);
    }
    
    if (_q instanceof DoesXHaveAY) {
      DoesXHaveAY q = (DoesXHaveAY) ( _q);
      if (hasConcept(HasA.class, "main", q.x, "part", q.y))
        answerQuestion(q, true);
    }
 }
}

static Verb verb(String s) {
  return uniq(Verb.class, concept(s));
} // Logic 4

static class AtEachPointInTime extends Concept {
  Ref what = new Ref();
  
  public String toString() { return shortClassName(this) + " " + what; }
}

static class ItIs extends Concept {
  Ref what = new Ref();
  
  public String toString() { return shortClassName(this) + " " + what; }
}

static class ExactlyOne extends Concept {
  Ref what = new Ref();
  
  public String toString() { return shortClassName(this) + " " + what; }
}

static class Which extends Concept {
  Ref what = new Ref();
  
  public String toString() { return shortClassName(this) + " " + what; }
}

static class Weekday extends Concept {
  public String toString() { return shortClassName(this); }
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
  truly(AtEachPointInTime.class,
    uniq(ItIs.class, uniq(ExactlyOne.class,
      uniq(Weekday.class))));

  for (AtEachPointInTime statement : listActually(AtEachPointInTime.class)) {
    print("Right now: " + statement.what);
    Concept question = exactlyOneToWhich(statement.what.get());
    print("Question thus: " + question);
  }
  
  saveConcepts();
}

static Concept exactlyOneToWhich(Concept c) {
  // conversion case we are looking for
  if (c instanceof ExactlyOne)
    return cnew(Which.class, "what", exactlyOneToWhich((Concept) cget(c, "what")));
    
  // general recurse
  List<Concept.Ref> refs = c.refs;
  if (l(refs) == 0) return c; // no references in it, keep original
  
  // clone and process references
  Concept c2 = cnew(_getClass(c));
  Collection<String> names = getRefNames(c);
  for (String name : names)
    cset(c2, name, exactlyOneToWhich((Concept) cget(c, name)));
  return c2;
}

static <A extends Concept> A conceptWhere(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  return findConceptWhere(c, params);
}
static <A> ArrayList<A> ll(A... a) {
  return litlist(a);
}
static String struct(Object o) {
  return structure(o);
}
static Class<?> getClass(String name) {
  try {
    return Class.forName(name);
  } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
    return null;
  }
}

static Class getClass(Object o) {
  return o instanceof Class ? (Class) o : o.getClass();
}

static Class getClass(Object realm, String name) { try {
 
  try {
    return getClass(realm).getClassLoader().loadClass(classNameToVM(name));
  } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
    return null;
  }

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
static String formatInt(int i, int digits) {
  return padLeft(str(i), '0', digits);
}

static void printAsciiHeading(String text) {
  print(asciiHeading2(text));
}
// This is for main classes that are all static.
// (We don't go to base classes.)
static Set<String> listFields(Object c) {
  TreeSet<String> fields = new TreeSet<String>();
  for (Field f : _getClass(c).getDeclaredFields())
    fields.add(f.getName());
  return fields;
}
static Object callF(Object f, Object... args) {
  return callFunction(f, args);
}
static Class<?> _getClass(String name) {
  try {
    return Class.forName(name);
  } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
    return null;
  }
}

static Class _getClass(Object o) {
  return o instanceof Class ? (Class) o : o.getClass();
}

static Class _getClass(Object realm, String name) { try {
 
  return getClass(realm).getClassLoader().loadClass(classNameToVM(name));

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
// firstDelay = delay
static java.util.Timer doEvery(int delay, Runnable r) {
  java.util.Timer timer = new java.util.Timer();
  timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(timerTask(r), delay, delay);
  return timer;
}

static void printIndent(Object o) {
  print(indentx(str(o)));
}

static void printIndent(String indent, Object o) {
  print(indentx(indent, str(o)));
}

static void printIndent(int indent, Object o) {
  print(indentx(indent, str(o)));
}
static boolean empty(Collection c) {
  return isEmpty(c);
}

static boolean empty(String s) {
  return isEmpty(s);
}

static boolean empty(Map map) {
  return map == null || map.isEmpty();
}

static boolean empty(Object[] o) {
  return o == null || o.length == 0;
}

static boolean empty(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof Collection) return empty((Collection) o);
  if (o instanceof String) return empty((String) o);
  if (o instanceof Map) return empty((Map) o);
  if (o instanceof Object[]) return empty((Object[]) o);
  throw fail("unknown type for 'empty': " + getType(o));
}
static boolean instanceOf(Object o, String className) {
  if (o == null) return false;
  String c = o.getClass().getName();
  return eq(c, className) || eq(c, "main$" + className);
}

static boolean instanceOf(Object o, Class c) {
  if (c == null) return false;
  return c.isInstance(o);
}
static boolean isInstance(Class type, Object arg) {
  return type.isInstance(arg);
}
static String quote(Object o) {
  if (o == null) return "null";
  String s = str(o);
  return "\"" + s.replace("\\", "\\\\").replace("\"", "\\\"").replace("\r", "\\r").replace("\n", "\\n") + "\"";
}
static String trim(String s) { return s == null ? null : s.trim(); }
static String trim(StringBuilder buf) { return buf.toString().trim(); }
static String trim(StringBuffer buf) { return buf.toString().trim(); }
static <A> A assertNotNull(A a) {
  assertTrue(a != null);
  return a;
}

static <A> A assertNotNull(String msg, A a) {
  assertTrue(msg, a != null);
  return a;
}
static List<String> getRefNames(Concept c) {
  List<String> l = new ArrayList<String>();
  for (String name : allFields(c))
    if (get(c, name) instanceof Concept.Ref)
      l.add(name);
  return l;
}
static boolean neq(Object a, Object b) {
  return !eq(a, b);
}
static String singularFromPlural(String plural) {
  String singular = singular(plural);
  if (!isPluralOf(plural, singular))
    throw fail("Not a plural: " + plural);
  return singular;
}
static String shortDynamicClassName(Object o) {
  return shortenClassName(dynamicClassName(o));
}
static <A extends Concept> List<A> cdelete(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  return deleteConcepts(c, params);
}
static <A extends Concept> A uniqueConcept(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  params = expandParams(c, params);
  A x = findConceptWhere(c, params);
  if (x == null) {
    x = nuObject(c);
    for (int i = 0; i+1 < l(params); i += 2)
      cset(x, (String) params[i], params[i+1]);
  }
  return x;
}
static <A> List<A> filterByDynamicType(Collection<A> c, String type) {
  List<A> l = new ArrayList<A>();
  for (A x : c)
    if (eq(dynamicClassName(x), type))
      l.add(x);
  return l;
}
// currently finds only inner classes of class "main"
// returns null on not found
// this is the simple version that is not case-tolerant
static Class findClass(String name) {
  if (!isJavaIdentifier(name)) return null;
  try {
    return Class.forName("main$" + name);
  } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
    return null;
  }
}
static String str(Object o) {
  return String.valueOf(o);
}
static boolean isSubtypeOf(Class a, Class b) {
  return b.isAssignableFrom(a); // << always hated that method, let's replace it!
}
  static RuntimeException fail() {
    throw new RuntimeException("fail");
  }
  
  static RuntimeException fail(Object msg) {
    throw new RuntimeException(String.valueOf(msg));
  }
  
  static RuntimeException fail(String msg) {
    throw new RuntimeException(unnull(msg));
  }
   
  // disabled for now to shorten some programs 
  /*static RuntimeException fail(S msg, O... args) {
    throw new RuntimeException(format(msg, args));
  }*/
  /** writes safely (to temp file, then rename) */
  public static void saveTextFile(String fileName, String contents) throws IOException {
    File file = new File(fileName);
    File parentFile = file.getParentFile();
    if (parentFile != null)
      parentFile.mkdirs();
    String tempFileName = fileName + "_temp";
    File tempFile = new File(tempFileName);
    if (contents != null) {
      if (tempFile.exists()) try {
        String saveName = tempFileName + ".saved." + now();
        copyFile(tempFile, new File(saveName));
      } catch (Throwable e) { printStackTrace(e); }
      FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(tempFile.getPath());
      OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(fileOutputStream, "UTF-8");
      PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(outputStreamWriter);
      printWriter.print(contents);
      printWriter.close();
    }
    
    if (file.exists() && !file.delete())
      throw new IOException("Can't delete " + fileName);

    if (contents != null)
      if (!tempFile.renameTo(file))
        throw new IOException("Can't rename " + tempFile + " to " + file);
  }
  
  public static void saveTextFile(File fileName, String contents) {
    try {
      saveTextFile(fileName.getPath(), contents);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

static void assertEqic(String x, String y) {
  assertEqic(null, x, y);
}

static void assertEqic(String msg, String x, String y) {
  if (!eqic(x, y))
    throw fail((msg != null ? msg + ": " : "") + quote(x) + " != " + quote(y) + " [ic]");
}
static <A extends Concept> A unique(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  return uniqueConcept(c, params);
}
static <A extends Concept> A uniq(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  return uniqueConcept(c, params);
}
static Object nuObject(String className, Object... args) { try {
 
  return nuObject(Class.forName(className), args);

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

// too ambiguous - maybe need to fix some callers
/*static O nuObject(O realm, S className, O... args) {
  ret nuObject(_getClass(realm, className), args);
}*/

static <A> A nuObject(Class<A> c, Object... args) { try {
 
  Constructor m = nuObject_findConstructor(c, args);
  m.setAccessible(true);
  return (A) m.newInstance(args);

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

static Constructor nuObject_findConstructor(Class c, Object... args) {
  for (Constructor m : c.getDeclaredConstructors()) {
    if (!nuObject_checkArgs(m.getParameterTypes(), args, false))
      continue;
    return m;
  }
  throw new RuntimeException("Constructor with " + args.length + " matching parameter(s) not found in " + c.getName());
}

 static boolean nuObject_checkArgs(Class[] types, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    if (types.length != args.length) {
      if (debug)
        System.out.println("Bad parameter length: " + args.length + " vs " + types.length);
      return false;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++)
      if (!(args[i] == null || isInstanceX(types[i], args[i]))) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Bad parameter " + i + ": " + args[i] + " vs " + types[i]);
        return false;
      }
    return true;
  }
static Map<String, String> singular_specials = litmap(
  "children", "child", "images", "image", "chess", "chess");

static String singular(String s) {
  if (s == null) return null;
  s = toLower(s);
  { String _a_1 = singular_specials.get(s); if (!empty(_a_1)) return _a_1; }
  if (s.endsWith("ness")) return s;
  if (s.endsWith("ges")) return dropSuffix("s", s);
  s = dropSuffix("es", s);
  s = dropSuffix("s", s);
  return s;
}
public static void copyFile(File src, File dest) { try {
 
  mkdirsForFile(dest);
  FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(src.getPath());
  FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(dest.getPath());
  try {
    copyStream(inputStream, outputStream);
    inputStream.close();
  } finally {
    outputStream.close();
  }

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
static Object deref(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof Derefable) o = ((Derefable) o).get();
  return o;
}

static String plural(String s) {
  return getPlural(s);
}
static Object callOpt(Object o) {
  if (o == null) return null;
  return callF(o);
}

static Object callOpt(Object o, String method, Object... args) {
  try {
    if (o == null) return null;
    if (o instanceof Class) {
      Method m = callOpt_findStaticMethod((Class) o, method, args, false);
      if (m == null) return null;
      m.setAccessible(true);
      return m.invoke(null, args);
    } else {
      Method m = callOpt_findMethod(o, method, args, false);
      if (m == null) return null;
      m.setAccessible(true);
      return m.invoke(o, args);
    }
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static Method callOpt_findStaticMethod(Class c, String method, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
  Class _c = c;
  while (c != null) {
    for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods()) {
      if (debug)
        System.out.println("Checking method " + m.getName() + " with " + m.getParameterTypes().length + " parameters");;
      if (!m.getName().equals(method)) {
        if (debug) System.out.println("Method name mismatch: " + method);
        continue;
      }

      if ((m.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0 || !callOpt_checkArgs(m, args, debug))
        continue;

      return m;
    }
    c = c.getSuperclass();
  }
  return null;
}

static Method callOpt_findMethod(Object o, String method, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
  Class c = o.getClass();
  while (c != null) {
    for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods()) {
      if (debug)
        System.out.println("Checking method " + m.getName() + " with " + m.getParameterTypes().length + " parameters");;
      if (m.getName().equals(method) && callOpt_checkArgs(m, args, debug))
        return m;
    }
    c = c.getSuperclass();
  }
  return null;
}

private static boolean callOpt_checkArgs(Method m, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
  Class<?>[] types = m.getParameterTypes();
  if (types.length != args.length) {
    if (debug)
      System.out.println("Bad parameter length: " + args.length + " vs " + types.length);
    return false;
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++)
    if (!(args[i] == null || isInstanceX(types[i], args[i]))) {
      if (debug)
        System.out.println("Bad parameter " + i + ": " + args[i] + " vs " + types[i]);
      return false;
    }
  return true;
}


static <A, B> Set<A> keys(Map<A, B> map) {
  return map.keySet();
}

static Set keys(Object map) {
  return keys((Map) map);
}
static <A, B> Collection<B> values(Map<A, B> map) {
  return map == null ? emptyList() : map.values();
}

static <A> A firstOfType(Collection c, Class<A> type) {
  for (Object x : c)
    if (isInstanceX(type, x))
      return (A) x;
  return null;
}
static void save(String varName) {
  saveLocally(varName);
}

static void save(String progID, String varName) {
  saveLocally(progID, varName);
}
static boolean _eq(Object a, Object b) {
  if (a == null) return b == null;
  if (a.equals(b)) return true;
  if (a instanceof BigInteger) {
    if (b instanceof Integer) return a.equals(BigInteger.valueOf((Integer) b));
    if (b instanceof Long) return a.equals(BigInteger.valueOf((Long) b));
  }
  return false;
}
static Map synchroTreeMap() {
  return Collections.synchronizedMap(new TreeMap());
}

static void sleep(long ms) {
  try {
    Thread.sleep(ms);
  } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
}

static void sleep() { try {
 
  print("Sleeping.");
  synchronized(main.class) { main.class.wait(); }

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
static String exposeMethods(String s, List<String> methodNames) {
  return exposeMethods(s, toStringArray(methodNames)); // TODO: optimize
}

static String exposeMethods(String s, String... methodNames) {
  Matches m = new Matches();
  if (match("call *", s, m)) {
    List l;
    if (isIdentifier(m.unq(0)))
      l = ll(m.unq(0));
    else
      l = (List) unstructure(m.unq(0)); // we used to have safeUnstructure here
    String method = getString(l, 0);
    if (!contains(methodNames, method))
      throw fail("Method not allowed: " + method);
    return ok(structure(call(mc(), method, asObjectArray(subList(l, 1)))));
  } return null;
}
static String ymd() {
  return year() + formatInt(month(), 2) + formatInt(dayOfMonth(), 2);
}
static Object derefRef(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof Concept.Ref) o = ((Concept.Ref) o).get();
  return o;
}

// get purpose 1: access a list/array (safer version of x.get(y))

static <A> A get(List<A> l, int idx) {
  return idx >= 0 && idx < l(l) ? l.get(idx) : null;
}

static <A> A get(A[] l, int idx) {
  return idx >= 0 && idx < l(l) ? l[idx] : null;
}

// default to false
static boolean get(boolean[] l, int idx) {
  return idx >= 0 && idx < l(l) ? l[idx] : false;
}

static Class get_dynamicObject = findClass("DynamicObject");

// get purpose 2: access a field by reflection or a map

static Object get(Object o, String field) {
  try {
    if (o instanceof Class) return get((Class) o, field);
    
    if (o instanceof Map)
      return ((Map) o).get(field);
      
    Field f = getOpt_findField(o.getClass(), field);
    if (f != null) {
      f.setAccessible(true);
      return f.get(o);
    }
      
    if (get_dynamicObject != null && get_dynamicObject.isInstance(o))
      return call(get_raw(o, "fieldValues"), "get", field);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw asRuntimeException(e);
  }
  throw new RuntimeException("Field '" + field + "' not found in " + o.getClass().getName());
}

static Object get_raw(Object o, String field) {
  try {
    Field f = get_findField(o.getClass(), field);
    f.setAccessible(true);
    return f.get(o);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static Object get(Class c, String field) {
  try {
    Field f = get_findStaticField(c, field);
    f.setAccessible(true);
    return f.get(null);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static Field get_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  throw new RuntimeException("Static field '" + field + "' not found in " + c.getName());
}

static Field get_findField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field))
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  throw new RuntimeException("Field '" + field + "' not found in " + c.getName());
}
static long now_virtualTime;
static long now() {
  return now_virtualTime != 0 ? now_virtualTime : System.currentTimeMillis();
}

static int makeBot(String greeting) {
  return makeAndroid3(greeting).port;
}

static void makeBot(Android3 a) {
  makeAndroid3(a);
}

static Android3 makeBot(String greeting, Object responder) {
  Android3 a = new Android3(greeting);
  a.responder = makeResponder(responder);
  makeBot(a);
  return a;
}

static Android3 makeBot() {
  return makeAndroid3(getProgramTitle() + ".");
}
static <A extends Concept> Object[] expandParams(Class<A> c, Object[] params) {
  if (l(params) == 1)
    params = new Object[] { singleFieldName(c), params[0] };
  else
    warnIfOddCount(params);
  return params;
}

static String shortClassName(Object o) {
  if (o == null) return null;
  Class c = o instanceof Class ? (Class) o : o.getClass();
  String name = c.getName();
  return shortenClassName(name);
}
static void readLocally(String progID, String varNames) {
  readLocally2(mc(), progID, varNames);
}

static void readLocally(String varNames) {
  readLocally2(mc(), programID(), varNames);
}

static void readLocally2(Object obj, String varNames) {
  readLocally2(obj, programID(), varNames);
}

// read a string variable from standard storage
// does not overwrite variable contents if there is no file
static synchronized void readLocally2(Object obj, String progID, String varNames) {
  for (String variableName : codeTokensOnly(javaTok(varNames))) {
    File textFile = new File(programDir(progID), variableName + ".text");
    File structureFile = new File(programDir(progID), variableName + ".structure");
    
    String value = loadTextFile(textFile);
    if (value != null)
      set(main.class, variableName, value);
    else {
      value = loadTextFile(structureFile);
      if (value != null)
      readLocally_set(obj, variableName, unstructure(value));
    }
  }
}

static void readLocally_set(Object c, String varName, Object value) {
  Object oldValue = get(c, varName);
  if (oldValue instanceof List && !(oldValue instanceof ArrayList) && value != null) {
    // Assume it's a synchroList.
    value = synchroList((List) value);
  }
  set(c, varName, value);
}

static Object getOptDyn(DynamicObject o, String field) {
  Object val = o.fieldValues.get(field);
  return val != null ? val : getOpt(o, field);
}
static List map(Iterable l, Object f) {
  return map(f, l);
}

static List map(Object f, Iterable l) {
  List x = new ArrayList();
  Object mc = mc();
  for (Object o : unnull(l))
    x.add(callFunction(f, o));
  return x;
}

static List map(Object f, Object[] l) {
  return map(f, asList(l));
}

static List map(Map map, Object f) {
  List x = new ArrayList();
  for (Object _e : map.entrySet()) {
    Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry) _e;
    x.add(callFunction(f, e.getKey(), e.getValue()));
  }
  return x;
}
static String programID() {
  return getProgramID();
}
static File getProgramFile(String progID, String fileName) {
  if (new File(fileName).isAbsolute())
    return new File(fileName);
  return new File(getProgramDir(progID), fileName);
}

static File getProgramFile(String fileName) {
  return getProgramFile(getProgramID(), fileName);
}

static int hours() {
  return Calendar.getInstance().get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
}
static void set(Object o, String field, Object value) {
  if (o instanceof Class) set((Class) o, field, value);
  else try {
    Field f = set_findField(o.getClass(), field);
    smartSet(f, o, value);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static void set(Class c, String field, Object value) {
  try {
    Field f = set_findStaticField(c, field);
    smartSet(f, null, value);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}
  
static Field set_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  throw new RuntimeException("Static field '" + field + "' not found in " + c.getName());
}

static Field set_findField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field))
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  throw new RuntimeException("Field '" + field + "' not found in " + c.getName());
}
static <A, B> Map<A, B> cloneMap(Map<A, B> map) {
  if (map == null) return litmap();
  // assume mutex is equal to collection, which will be true unless you explicitly pass a mutex to synchronizedList() which no one ever does.
  synchronized(map) {
    return new HashMap(map);
  }
}
static boolean nempty(Collection c) {
  return !isEmpty(c);
}

static boolean nempty(CharSequence s) {
  return !isEmpty(s);
}

static boolean nempty(Object[] o) {
  return !isEmpty(o);
}

static boolean nempty(Map m) {
  return !isEmpty(m);
}

static boolean nempty(Iterator i) {
  return i != null && i.hasNext();
}
static boolean eqic(String a, String b) {
  if ((a == null) != (b == null)) return false;
  if (a == null) return true;
  return a.equalsIgnoreCase(b);
}
static boolean containsIgnoreCase(List<String> l, String s) {
  for (String x : l)
    if (eqic(x, s))
      return true;
  return false;
}

static boolean containsIgnoreCase(String[] l, String s) {
  for (String x : l)
    if (eqic(x, s))
      return true;
  return false;
}

static boolean containsIgnoreCase(String s, char c) {
  return indexOfIgnoreCase(s, String.valueOf(c)) >= 0;
}

static boolean containsIgnoreCase(String a, String b) {
  return indexOfIgnoreCase(a, b) >= 0;
}
static int l(Object[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(boolean[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(byte[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(int[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(float[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(char[] a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.length; }
static int l(Collection c) { return c == null ? 0 : c.size(); }
static int l(Map m) { return m == null ? 0 : m.size(); }
static int l(CharSequence s) { return s == null ? 0 : s.length(); } 

static int l(Object o) {
  return l((List) o); // incomplete
}

static String structure(Object o) {
  HashSet refd = new HashSet();
  return structure_2(structure_1(o, new structure_Data(refd)), refd);
}

// leave to false, unless unstructure() breaks
static boolean structure_allowShortening = false;

static int structure_shareStringsLongerThan = 20;

static class structure_Data {
  int stringSizeLimit;
  IdentityHashMap<Object, Integer> seen = new IdentityHashMap<Object, Integer>();
  HashSet<Integer> refd;
  HashMap<String, Integer> strings = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
  HashSet<String> concepts = new HashSet<String>();
  Class conceptClass = findClass("Concept");
  
  structure_Data(HashSet<Integer> refd) {
  this.refd = refd;}
}

static String structure_1(Object o, structure_Data d) {
  if (o == null) return "null";
  
  // these are never back-referenced (for readability)
  
  if (o instanceof BigInteger)
    return "bigint(" + o + ")";
  
  if (o instanceof Double)
    return "d(" + quote(str(o)) + ")";
    
  if (o instanceof Float)
    return "fl " + quote(str(o));
    
  if (o instanceof Long)
    return o + "L";
  
  if (o instanceof Integer)
    return str(o);
    
  if (o instanceof Boolean)
    return ((Boolean) o).booleanValue() ? "t" : "f";
    
  if (o instanceof Character)
    return quoteCharacter((Character) o);
    
  if (o instanceof File)
    return "File " + quote(((File) o).getPath());
    
  // referencable objects follow
  
  Integer ref = d.seen.get(o);
  if (ref != null) {
    d.refd.add(ref);
    return "r" + ref;
  }
      
  if (o instanceof String && (ref = d.strings.get((String) o)) != null) {
    d.refd.add(ref);
    return "r" + ref;
  }
  
  ref = d.seen.size()+1;
  d.seen.put(o, ref);
  String r = "m" + ref + " "; // marker

  if (o instanceof String) {
    String s = d.stringSizeLimit != 0 ? shorten((String) o, d.stringSizeLimit) : (String) o;
    if (l(s) >= structure_shareStringsLongerThan)
      d.strings.put(s, ref);
    return r + quote(s);
  }
    
  String name = o.getClass().getName();

  StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
  
  if (o instanceof HashSet)
    return r + "hashset " + structure_1(new ArrayList((Set) o), d);

  if (o instanceof TreeSet)
    return r + "treeset " + structure_1(new ArrayList((Set) o), d);
  
  if (o instanceof Collection && neq(name, "main$Concept$RefL")) {
    for (Object x : (Collection) o) {
      if (buf.length() != 0) buf.append(", ");
      buf.append(structure_1(x, d));
    }
    return r + "[" + buf + "]";
  }
  
  if (o instanceof Map) {
    for (Object e : ((Map) o).entrySet()) {
      if (buf.length() != 0) buf.append(", ");
      buf.append(structure_1(((Map.Entry) e).getKey(), d));
      buf.append("=");
      buf.append(structure_1(((Map.Entry) e).getValue(), d));
    }
    return r + (o instanceof HashMap ? "hm" : "") + "{" + buf + "}";
  }
  
  if (o.getClass().isArray()) {
    if (o instanceof byte[])
      return "ba " + quote(bytesToHex((byte[]) o));

    int n = Array.getLength(o);

    if (o instanceof boolean[]) {
      String hex = boolArrayToHex((boolean[]) o);
      int i = l(hex);
      while (i > 0 && hex.charAt(i-1) == '0' && hex.charAt(i-2) == '0') i -= 2;
      return "boolarray " + n + " " + quote(substring(hex, 0, i));
    }
    
    String atype = "array", sep = ", ";

    if (o instanceof int[]) {
      //ret "intarray " + quote(intArrayToHex((int[]) o));
      atype = "intarray";
      sep = " ";
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      if (buf.length() != 0) buf.append(sep);
      buf.append(structure_1(Array.get(o, i), d));
    }
    return r + atype + "{" + buf + "}";
  }

  if (o instanceof Class)
    return r + "class(" + quote(((Class) o).getName()) + ")";
    
  if (o instanceof Throwable)
    return r + "exception(" + quote(((Throwable) o).getMessage()) + ")";
    
  if (o instanceof BitSet) {
    BitSet bs = (BitSet) o;
    for (int i = bs.nextSetBit(0); i >= 0; i = bs.nextSetBit(i+1)) {
      if (buf.length() != 0) buf.append(", ");
       buf.append(i);
    }
    return "bitset{" + buf + "}";
  }
    
  // Need more cases? This should cover all library classes...
  if (name.startsWith("java.") || name.startsWith("javax."))
    return r + String.valueOf(o);
    
  String shortName = o.getClass().getName().replaceAll("^main\\$", "");
  
  if (shortName.equals("Lisp")) {
    buf.append("l(" + structure_1(getOpt(o, "head"), d));
    List args = (List) ( getOpt(o, "args"));
    if (nempty(args))
      for (int i = 0; i < l(args); i++) {
        buf.append(", ");
        Object arg = args.get(i);
        
        // sweet shortening
        if (arg != null && eq(arg.getClass().getName(), "main$Lisp") && isTrue(call(arg, "isEmpty")))
          arg = get(arg, "head");
          
        buf.append(structure_1(arg, d));
      }
    buf.append(")");
    return r + str(buf);
  }
  
  Class c = o.getClass();
  if (d.conceptClass != null && d.conceptClass.isInstance(o) && !d.concepts.contains(c.getName())) {
    d.concepts.add(c.getName());
    r += "c ";
  }
  
  // serialize an object with fields.
  // first, collect all fields and values in fv.
  
  TreeMap<String, Object> fv = new TreeMap<String, Object>();
  while (c != Object.class) {
    for (Field field : c.getDeclaredFields()) {
      if ((field.getModifiers() & (Modifier.STATIC | Modifier.TRANSIENT)) != 0)
        continue;
      String fieldName = field.getName();
      
      Object value;
      try {
        field.setAccessible(true);
        value = field.get(o);
      } catch (Exception e) {
        value = "?";
      }
      
      // put special cases here...
      
      if (value != null)
        fv.put(fieldName, value);
    }
    c = c.getSuperclass();
  }
  
  // Now we have fields & values. Process fieldValues if it's a DynamicObject.
  
  if (o instanceof DynamicObject) {
    fv.putAll((Map) fv.get("fieldValues"));
    fv.remove("fieldValues");
  }
  
  String singleField = fv.size() == 1 ? first(fv.keySet()) : null;
  
  // Render this$1 first because unstructure needs it for constructor call.
  
  if (fv.containsKey("this$1")) {
    buf.append("this$1=" + structure_1(fv.get("this$1"), d));
    fv.remove("this$1");
  }
  
  // Render the other fields.

  for (String fieldName : fv.keySet()) {
    if (buf.length() != 0) buf.append(", ");
    buf.append(fieldName + "=" + structure_1(fv.get(fieldName), d));
  }

  String b = buf.toString();
  
  if (structure_allowShortening && singleField != null)
    b = b.replaceAll("^" + singleField + "=", ""); // drop field name if only one
  String s = shortName;
  if (buf.length() != 0)
    s += "(" + b + ")";
  return r + s;
}

// drop unused markers
static String structure_2(String s, HashSet<Integer> refd) {
  List<String> tok = javaTok(s);
  StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder();
  for (int i = 1; i < l(tok); i += 2) {
    String t = tok.get(i);
    if (t.startsWith("m") && isInteger(t.substring(1))
      && !refd.contains(parseInt(t.substring(1))))
      continue;
    out.append(t).append(tok.get(i+1));
  }
  return str(out);
}

static <A extends Concept> List<A> conceptsWhere(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  return findConceptsWhere(c, params);
}

static List<Concept> conceptsWhere(String c, Object... params) {
  return findConceptsWhere(c, params);
}
static int parseInt(String s) {
  return empty(s) ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(s);
}
// hmm, this shouldn't call functions really. That was just
// for coroutines.
static boolean isTrue(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof Boolean)
    return ((Boolean) o).booleanValue();
  if (o == null) return false;
  return ((Boolean) callF(o)).booleanValue();
}

static boolean isTrue(Object pred, Object arg) {
  return booleanValue(callF(pred, arg));
}
static volatile StringBuffer local_log = new StringBuffer(); // not redirected
static volatile StringBuffer print_log = local_log; // might be redirected, e.g. to main bot

// in bytes - will cut to half that
static volatile int print_log_max = 1024*1024;
static volatile int local_log_max = 100*1024;
//static int print_maxLineLength = 0; // 0 = unset

static boolean print_silent; // total mute if set

static void print() {
  print("");
}

// slightly overblown signature to return original object...
static <A> A print(A o) {
  if (print_silent) return o;
  String s = String.valueOf(o) + "\n";
  // TODO if (print_maxLineLength != 0)
  StringBuffer loc = local_log;
  StringBuffer buf = print_log;
  int loc_max = print_log_max;
  if (buf != loc && buf != null) {
    print_append(buf, s, print_log_max);
    loc_max = local_log_max;
  }
  if (loc != null) 
    print_append(loc, s, loc_max);
  System.out.print(s);
  return o;
}

static void print(long l) {
  print(String.valueOf(l));
}

static void print(char c) {
  print(String.valueOf(c));
}

static void print_append(StringBuffer buf, String s, int max) {
  synchronized(buf) {
    buf.append(s);
    max /= 2;
    if (buf.length() > max) try {
      int newLength = max/2;
      int ofs = buf.length()-newLength;
      String newString = buf.substring(ofs);
      buf.setLength(0);
      buf.append("[...] ").append(newString);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      buf.setLength(0);
    }
  }
}
static long parseLong(String s) {
  if (s == null) return 0;
  return Long.parseLong(dropSuffix("L", s));
}

static long parseLong(Object s) {
  return Long.parseLong((String) s);
}
static Map synchroHashMap() {
  return Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap());
}

static boolean hasType(Collection c, Class type) {
  for (Object x : c)
    if (isInstanceX(type, x))
      return true;
  return false;
}


static int year() {
  return Calendar.getInstance().get(Calendar.YEAR);
}
static Object callFunction(Object f, Object... args) {
  if (f == null) return null;
  if (f instanceof Runnable) {
    ((Runnable) f).run();
    return null;
  } else if (f instanceof String)
    return call(mc(), (String) f, args);
  else
    return call(f, "get", args);
  //else throw fail("Can't call a " + getClassName(f));
}
static <A> ArrayList<A> asList(A[] a) {
  return new ArrayList<A>(Arrays.asList(a));
}

static ArrayList<Integer> asList(int[] a) {
  ArrayList<Integer> l = new ArrayList();
  for (int i : a) l.add(i);
  return l;
}

static <A> ArrayList<A> asList(Iterable<A> s) {
  if (s instanceof ArrayList) return (ArrayList) s;
  ArrayList l = new ArrayList();
  if (s != null)
    for (A a : s)
      l.add(a);
  return l;
}
static String shorten(String s, int max) {
  if (s == null) return "";
  return s.length() <= max ? s : s.substring(0, Math.min(s.length(), max)) + "...";
}
static String quoteCharacter(char c) {
  if (c == '\'') return "'\\''";
  if (c == '\\') return "'\\\\'";
  return "'" + c + "'";
}

static <A extends Concept> List<A> findConceptsWhere(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  params = expandParams(c, params);
  List<A> l = new ArrayList<A>();
  for (A x : list(c))
    if (checkConceptFields(x, params))
      l.add(x);
  return l;
}

static List<Concept> findConceptsWhere(String c, Object... params) {
  List<Concept> l = new ArrayList<Concept>();
  for (Concept x : list(c))
    if (checkConceptFields(x, params))
      l.add(x);
  return l;
}
static void printStackTrace(Throwable e) {
  // we go to system.out now - system.err is nonsense
  print(getStackTrace(e));
}

static void printStackTrace() {
  printStackTrace(new Throwable());
}

static void printStackTrace(String indent, Throwable e) {
  if (endsWithLetter(indent)) indent += " ";
  printIndent(indent, getStackTrace(e));
}
static List<String> getPlural_specials = ll("sheep", "fish");

static String getPlural(String s) {
  s = toLower(s);
  if (getPlural_specials.contains(s)) return s;
  if (s.endsWith("y")) return dropSuffix("y", s) + "ies";
  if (s.endsWith("ss")) return s + "es";
  if (s.endsWith("s")) return s;
  return s + "s";
}
  static List<String> codeTokensOnly(List<String> tok) {
    List<String> l = new ArrayList<String>();
    for (int i = 1; i < tok.size(); i += 2)
      l.add(tok.get(i));
    return l;
  }
static Map litmap(Object... x) {
  TreeMap map = new TreeMap();
  litmap_impl(map, x);
  return map;
}

static void litmap_impl(Map map, Object... x) {
  for (int i = 0; i < x.length-1; i += 2)
    if (x[i+1] != null)
      map.put(x[i], x[i+1]);
}
static String shortenClassName(String name) {
  return name == null ? null : substring(name, xIndexOf(name, '$')+1);
}
static boolean contains(Collection c, Object o) {
  return c != null && c.contains(o);
}

static boolean contains(Object[] x, Object o) {
  if (x != null)
    for (Object a : x)
      if (eq(a, o))
        return true;
  return false;
}

static boolean contains(String s, char c) {
  return s != null && s.indexOf(c) >= 0;
}

static boolean contains(String s, String b) {
  return s != null && s.indexOf(b) >= 0;
}
static String getType(Object o) {
  return getClassName(o);
}
static int dayOfMonth() {
  return days();
}
static void deleteConcepts(List conceptsOrIDs) {
  for (Object o : conceptsOrIDs)
    if (o instanceof Concept)
      ((Concept) o).delete();
    else if (o instanceof Long)
      concepts.keySet().remove((Long) o);
    else
      print("Don't know how to delete: " + getClassName(o));
}

static <A extends Concept> List<A> deleteConcepts(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  List<A> l = findConceptsWhere(c, params);
  deleteConcepts(l);
  return l;
}
static boolean isJavaIdentifier(String s) {
  if (s.length() == 0 || !Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(s.charAt(0)))
    return false;
  for (int i = 1; i < s.length(); i++)
    if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(i)))
      return false;
  return true;
}
static TimerTask timerTask(final Runnable r) {
  return new TimerTask() {
    public void run() {
      r.run();
    }
  };
}
static String programID;

static String getProgramID() {
  return nempty(programID) ? formatSnippetID(programID) : "?";
}

// TODO: ask JavaX instead
static String getProgramID(Class c) {
  String id = (String) getOpt(c, "programID");
  if (nempty(id))
    return formatSnippetID(id);
  return "?";
}

static String getProgramID(Object o) {
  return getProgramID(getMainClass(o));
}
static String unnull(String s) {
  return s == null ? "" : s;
}

static <A> List<A> unnull(List<A> l) {
  return l == null ? emptyList() : l;
}

static <A> Iterable<A> unnull(Iterable<A> i) {
  return i == null ? emptyList() : i;
}

static Object[] unnull(Object[] a) {
  return a == null ? new Object[0] : a;
}

static BitSet unnull(BitSet b) {
  return b == null ? new BitSet() : b;
}
// replacement for class JavaTok
// maybe incomplete, might want to add floating point numbers
// todo also: extended multi-line strings

static int javaTok_n, javaTok_elements;
static boolean javaTok_opt;

static List<String> javaTok(String s) {
  return javaTok(s, null);
}

static List<String> javaTok(String s, List<String> existing) {
  ++javaTok_n;
  int nExisting = javaTok_opt && existing != null ? existing.size() : 0;
  List<String> tok = existing != null ? new ArrayList(nExisting) : new ArrayList();
  int l = s.length();
  
  int i = 0, n = 0;
  while (i < l) {
    int j = i;
    char c; String cc;
    
    // scan for whitespace
    while (j < l) {
      c = s.charAt(j);
      cc = s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l));
      if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
        ++j;
      else if (cc.equals("/*")) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && !s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l)).equals("*/"));
        j = Math.min(j+2, l);
      } else if (cc.equals("//")) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && "\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) < 0);
      } else
        break;
    }
    
    if (n < nExisting && javaTok_isCopyable(existing.get(n), s, i, j))
      tok.add(existing.get(n));
    else
      tok.add(quickSubstring(s, i, j));
    ++n;
    i = j;
    if (i >= l) break;
    c = s.charAt(i); // cc is not needed in rest of loop body
    cc = s.substring(i, Math.min(i+2, l));

    // scan for non-whitespace
    if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
      char opener = c;
      ++j;
      while (j < l) {
        if (s.charAt(j) == opener || s.charAt(j) == '\n') { // end at \n to not propagate unclosed string literal errors
          ++j;
          break;
        } else if (s.charAt(j) == '\\' && j+1 < l)
          j += 2;
        else
          ++j;
      }
    } else if (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && (Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)) || "'".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) >= 0)); // for stuff like "don't"
    else if (Character.isDigit(c)) {
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
      if (j < l && s.charAt(j) == 'L') ++j; // Long constants like 1L
    } else if (cc.equals("[[")) {
      do ++j; while (j+1 < l && !s.substring(j, j+2).equals("]]"));
      j = Math.min(j+2, l);
    } else if (cc.equals("[=") && i+2 < l && s.charAt(i+2) == '[') {
      do ++j; while (j+2 < l && !s.substring(j, j+3).equals("]=]"));
      j = Math.min(j+3, l);
    } else
      ++j;

    if (n < nExisting && javaTok_isCopyable(existing.get(n), s, i, j))
      tok.add(existing.get(n));
    else
      tok.add(quickSubstring(s, i, j));
    ++n;
    i = j;
  }
  
  if ((tok.size() % 2) == 0) tok.add("");
  javaTok_elements += tok.size();
  return tok;
}

static List<String> javaTok(List<String> tok) {
  return javaTok(join(tok), tok);
}

static boolean javaTok_isCopyable(String t, String s, int i, int j) {
  return t.length() == j-i
    && s.regionMatches(i, t, 0, j-i); // << could be left out, but that's brave
}
static Object unstructure(String text) {
  return unstructure(text, false);
}

static Object unstructure(String text, final boolean allDynamic) {
  return unstructure(text, allDynamic, null);
}

static int structure_internStringsLongerThan = 50;

// TODO: backrefs for hashmap{} etc
// classFinder: name -> class
static Object unstructure(String text, final boolean allDynamic,
  final Object classFinder) {
  if (text == null) return null;
  final List<String> tok = javaTok(text);
  final boolean debug = unstructure_debug;
  
  class X {
    int i = 1;
    HashMap<Integer, Object> refs = new HashMap<Integer, Object>();
    HashSet<String> concepts = new HashSet<String>();

    Object parse() {
      String t = tok.get(i);
      
      int refID = 0;
      if (t.startsWith("m") && isInteger(t.substring(1))) {
        refID = parseInt(t.substring(1));
        i += 2;
        t = tok.get(i);
      }
      
      // if (debug) print("parse: " + quote(t));
        
      if (t.startsWith("'")) {
        char c = unquoteCharacter(tok.get(i));
        i += 2;
        return c;
      }
      if (t.equals("bigint"))
        return parseBigInt();
      if (t.equals("d"))
        return parseDouble();
      if (t.equals("fl"))
        return parseFloat();
      if (t.equals("false") || t.equals("f")) {
        i += 2; return false;
      }
      if (t.equals("true") || t.equals("t")) {
        i += 2; return true;
      }
      if (t.equals("-")) {
        t = tok.get(i+2);
        i += 4;
        return isLongConstant(t) ? (Object) (-parseLong(t)) : (Object) (-parseInt(t));
      }
      if (isInteger(t) || isLongConstant(t)) {
        i += 2;
        //if (debug) print("isLongConstant " + quote(t) + " => " + isLongConstant(t));
        if (isLongConstant(t)) return parseLong(t);
        long l = parseLong(t);
        boolean isInt = l == (int) l;
        if (debug)
          print("l=" + l + ", isInt: " + isInt);
        return isInt ? (Object) new Integer((int) l) : (Object) new Long(l);
      }
      
      if (t.equals("File")) {
        File f = new File(unquote(tok.get(i+2)));
        i += 4;
        return f;
      }
      
      if (t.startsWith("r") && isInteger(t.substring(1))) {
        i += 2;
        int ref = Integer.parseInt(t.substring(1));
        Object o = refs.get(ref);
        if (o == null)
          print("Warning: unsatisfied back reference " + ref);
        return o;
      }
      
      Object o = parse_inner(refID);
      if (refID != 0)
        refs.put(refID, o);
      return o;
    }
    
    // everything that can be backreferenced
    Object parse_inner(int refID) {
      String t = tok.get(i);
      
      // if (debug) print("parse_inner: " + quote(t));
        
      if (t.startsWith("\"")) {
        String s = internIfLongerThan(unquote(tok.get(i)), structure_internStringsLongerThan);
        i += 2;
        return s;
      }
      if (t.equals("hashset"))
        return parseHashSet();
      if (t.equals("treeset"))
        return parseTreeSet();
      if (eqOneOf(t, "hashmap", "hm"))
        return parseHashMap();
      if (t.equals("{"))
        return parseMap();
      if (t.equals("["))
        return parseList();
      if (t.equals("bitset"))
        return parseBitSet();
      if (t.equals("array") || t.equals("intarray"))
        return parseArray();
      if (t.equals("ba")) {
        String hex = unquote(tok.get(i+2));
        i += 4;
        return hexToBytes(hex);
      }
      if (t.equals("boolarray")) {
        int n = parseInt(tok.get(i+2));
        String hex = unquote(tok.get(i+4));
        i += 6;
        return boolArrayFromBytes(hexToBytes(hex), n);
      }
      if (t.equals("class"))
        return parseClass();
      if (t.equals("l"))
        return parseLisp();
      if (t.equals("null")) {
        i += 2; return null;
      }
      
      /* in dev.
      if (!allDynamic && t.equals("run")) {
        S snippetID = unquote(t.get(i+2));
        i += 4;
        run(
      }
      */
      
      boolean concept = eq(t, "c");
      if (concept) {
        consume("c");
        t = tok.get(i);
        assertTrue(isJavaIdentifier(t));
        concepts.add(t);
      }

      // any other class name
      if (isJavaIdentifier(t)) {
        // First, find class
        Class c;
        if (allDynamic) c = null;
        else if (classFinder != null)
          c = (Class) callF(classFinder, t);
        else
          c = findClass(t);
          
        // Second, check if it has an outer reference
        i += 2;
        boolean hasOuter = eq(get(tok, i), "(") && eq(get(tok, i+2), "this$1");
        
        DynamicObject dO = null;
        Object o = null;
        if (c != null)
          o = hasOuter ? nuStubInnerObject(c) : nuObject(c);
        else {
          if (concepts.contains(t) && (c = findClass("Concept")) != null)
            o = dO = (DynamicObject) nuObject(c);
          else
            dO = new DynamicObject();
          dO.className = t;
          if (debug) print("Made dynamic object " + t + " " + shortClassName(dO));
        }
        
        // Now, save in references list.
        
        if (refID != 0)
          refs.put(refID, o != null ? o : dO);
        
        // NOW parse the fields!
        
        Map<String, Object> fields = new TreeMap<String, Object>();
        if (i < tok.size() && tok.get(i).equals("(")) {
          consume("(");
          while (!tok.get(i).equals(")")) {
            String key = unquote(tok.get(i));
            i += 2;
            consume("=");
            Object value = parse();
            fields.put(key, value);
            if (tok.get(i).equals(",")) i += 2;
          }
          consume(")");
        }

        if (o != null)
          if (dO != null) {
            if (debug)
              printStructure("setOptAllDyn", fields);
            setOptAllDyn(dO, fields);
          } else
            setOptAll(o, fields);
        else
          dO.fieldValues.putAll(fields);

        if (o != null)
          pcallOpt(o, "_doneLoading");
        return o != null ? o : dO;
      }
      throw new RuntimeException("Unknown token " + (i+1) + ": " + t);
    }
    
    Object parseSet(Set set) {
      set.addAll((List) parseList());
      return set;
    }
    
    Object parseLisp() {
      consume("l");
      consume("(");
      List list = new ArrayList();
      while (!tok.get(i).equals(")")) {
        list.add(parse());
        if (tok.get(i).equals(",")) i += 2;
      }
      consume(")");
      return newObject("main$Lisp", (String) list.get(0), subList(list, 1));
    }
    
    Object parseBitSet() {
      consume("bitset");
      consume("{");
      BitSet bs = new BitSet();
      while (!tok.get(i).equals("}")) {
        bs.set((Integer) parse());
        if (tok.get(i).equals(",")) i += 2;
      }
      consume("}");
      return bs;
    }
    
    Object parseList() {
      consume("[");
      List list = new ArrayList();
      while (!tok.get(i).equals("]")) {
        Object o = parse();
        //if (debug) print("List element type: " + getClassName(o));
        list.add(o);
        if (tok.get(i).equals(",")) i += 2;
      }
      consume("]");
      return list;
    }
    
    Object parseArray() {
      String type = tok.get(i);
      i += 2;
      consume("{");
      List list = new ArrayList();
      
      while (!tok.get(i).equals("}")) {
        list.add(parse());
        if (tok.get(i).equals(",")) i += 2;
      }
      consume("}");
      if (type.equals("intarray"))
        return toIntArray(list);
      return list.toArray();
    }
    
    Object parseClass() {
      consume("class");
      consume("(");
      String name = tok.get(i);
      i += 2;
      consume(")");
      Class c = allDynamic ? null : findClass(name);
      if (c != null) return c;
      DynamicObject dO = new DynamicObject();
      dO.className = "java.lang.Class";
      dO.fieldValues.put("name", name);
      return dO;
    }
    
    Object parseBigInt() {
      consume("bigint");
      consume("(");
      String val = tok.get(i);
      i += 2;
      if (eq(val, "-")) {
        val = "-" + tok.get(i);
        i += 2;
      }
      consume(")");
      return new BigInteger(val);
    }
    
    Object parseDouble() {
      consume("d");
      consume("(");
      String val = unquote(tok.get(i));
      i += 2;
      consume(")");
      return Double.parseDouble(val);
    }
    
    Object parseFloat() {
      consume("fl");
      String val;
      if (eq(tok.get(i), "(")) {
        consume("(");
        val = unquote(tok.get(i));
        i += 2;
        consume(")");
      } else {
        val = unquote(tok.get(i));
        i += 2;
      }
      return Float.parseFloat(val);
    }
    
    Object parseHashMap() {
      i += 2;
      return parseMap(new HashMap());
    }
    
    Object parseHashSet() {
      consume("hashset");
      return parseSet(new HashSet());
    }
    
    Object parseTreeSet() {
      consume("treeset");
      return parseSet(new TreeSet());
    }
    
    Object parseMap() {
      return parseMap(new TreeMap());
    }
    
    Object parseMap(Map map) {
      consume("{");
      while (!tok.get(i).equals("}")) {
        Object key = parse();
        consume("=");
        Object value = parse();
        map.put(key, value);
        if (tok.get(i).equals(",")) i += 2;
      }
      consume("}");
      return map;
    }
    
    void consume(String s) {
      if (!tok.get(i).equals(s)) {
        String prevToken = i-2 >= 0 ? tok.get(i-2) : "";
        String nextTokens = join(tok.subList(i, Math.min(i+4, tok.size())));
        throw fail(quote(s) + " expected: " + prevToken + " " + nextTokens + " (" + i + "/" + tok.size() + ")");
      }
      i += 2;
    }
  }
  
  return new X().parse();
}

static boolean unstructure_debug;
static void assertTrue(Object o) {
  assertEquals(true, o);
}
  
static boolean assertTrue(String msg, boolean b) {
  if (!b)
    throw fail(msg);
  return b;
}

static boolean assertTrue(boolean b) {
  if (!b)
    throw fail("oops");
  return b;
}
static <A> ArrayList<A> litlist(A... a) {
  return new ArrayList<A>(Arrays.asList(a));
}
static <A> List<A> subList(List<A> l, int startIndex) {
  return subList(l, startIndex, l(l));
}

static <A> List<A> subList(List<A> l, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
  startIndex = max(0, min(l(l), startIndex));
  endIndex = max(0, min(l(l), endIndex));
  if (startIndex > endIndex) return litlist();
  return l.subList(startIndex, endIndex);
}
static String toLower(String s) {
  return s == null ? null : s.toLowerCase();
}

static char toLower(char c) {
  return Character.toLowerCase(c);
}
static String[] toStringArray(List<String> list) {
  return list.toArray(new String[list.size()]);
}

static String[] toStringArray(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof String[])
    return (String[]) o;
  else if (o instanceof List)
    return toStringArray((List<String>) o);
  else
    throw fail("Not a list or array: " + structure(o));
}

static File getProgramDir() {
  return programDir();
}

static File getProgramDir(String snippetID) {
  return programDir(snippetID);
}
  static Object call(Object o) {
    return callFunction(o);
  }
  
  // varargs assignment fixer for a single string array argument
  static Object call(Object o, String method, String[] arg) {
    return call(o, method, new Object[] {arg});
  }
  
  static Object call(Object o, String method, Object... args) {
    try {
      if (o instanceof Class) {
        Method m = call_findStaticMethod((Class) o, method, args, false);
        m.setAccessible(true);
        return m.invoke(null, args);
      } else {
        Method m = call_findMethod(o, method, args, false);
        m.setAccessible(true);
        return m.invoke(o, args);
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) e : new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

  static Method call_findStaticMethod(Class c, String method, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    Class _c = c;
    while (c != null) {
      for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods()) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Checking method " + m.getName() + " with " + m.getParameterTypes().length + " parameters");;
        if (!m.getName().equals(method)) {
          if (debug) System.out.println("Method name mismatch: " + method);
          continue;
        }

        if ((m.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0 || !call_checkArgs(m, args, debug))
          continue;

        return m;
      }
      c = c.getSuperclass();
    }
    throw new RuntimeException("Method '" + method + "' (static) with " + args.length + " parameter(s) not found in " + _c.getName());
  }

  static Method call_findMethod(Object o, String method, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    Class c = o.getClass();
    while (c != null) {
      for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods()) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Checking method " + m.getName() + " with " + m.getParameterTypes().length + " parameters");;
        if (m.getName().equals(method) && call_checkArgs(m, args, debug))
          return m;
      }
      c = c.getSuperclass();
    }
    throw new RuntimeException("Method '" + method + "' (non-static) with " + args.length + " parameter(s) not found in " + o.getClass().getName());
  }

  private static boolean call_checkArgs(Method m, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    Class<?>[] types = m.getParameterTypes();
    if (types.length != args.length) {
      if (debug)
        System.out.println("Bad parameter length: " + args.length + " vs " + types.length);
      return false;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++)
      if (!(args[i] == null || isInstanceX(types[i], args[i]))) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Bad parameter " + i + ": " + args[i] + " vs " + types[i]);
        return false;
      }
    return true;
  }


static Object getOpt(Object o, String field) {
  if (o instanceof String) o = getBot ((String) o);
  if (o == null) return null;
  if (o instanceof Class) return getOpt((Class) o, field);
  
  if (o.getClass().getName().equals("main$DynamicObject"))
    return ((Map) getOpt_raw(o, "fieldValues")).get(field);
  
  if (o instanceof Map) return ((Map) o).get(field);
  
  return getOpt_raw(o, field);
}

static Object getOpt_raw(Object o, String field) {
  try {
    Field f = getOpt_findField(o.getClass(), field);
    if (f == null) return null;
    f.setAccessible(true);
    return f.get(o);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static Object getOpt(Class c, String field) {
  try {
    if (c == null) return null;
    Field f = getOpt_findStaticField(c, field);
    if (f == null) return null;
    f.setAccessible(true);
    return f.get(null);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static Field getOpt_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return null;
}

static Field getOpt_findField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field))
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return null;
}
// works on lists and strings and null

static int indexOfIgnoreCase(Object a, Object b) {
  if (a == null) return -1;
  if (a instanceof String) {
     Matcher m = Pattern.compile((String) b, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE + Pattern.LITERAL).matcher((String) a);
     if (m.find()) return m.start(); else return -1;
  }
  if (a instanceof List) {
    for (int i = 0; i < ((List) a).size(); i++) {
      Object o = ((List) a).get(i);
      if (o != null && ((String) o).equalsIgnoreCase((String) b))
        return i;
    }
    return -1;
  }
  throw fail("Unknown type: " + a);
}
static String boolArrayToHex(boolean[] a) {
  return bytesToHex(boolArrayToBytes(a));
}
static <A extends Concept> A findConceptWhere(Class<A> c, Object... params) {
  params = expandParams(c, params);
  for (A x : list(c))
    if (checkConceptFields(x, params))
      return x;
  return null;
}

static Object first(Object list) {
  return ((List) list).isEmpty() ? null : ((List) list).get(0);
}

static <A> A first(List<A> list) {
  return list.isEmpty() ? null : list.get(0);
}

static <A> A first(A[] bla) {
  return bla == null || bla.length == 0 ? null : bla[0];
}

static <A> A first(Iterable<A> i) {
  if (i == null) return null;
  Iterator<A> it = i.iterator();
  return it.hasNext() ? it.next() : null;
}

static boolean isIdentifier(String s) {
  return isJavaIdentifier(s);
}
static class Android3 {
  String greeting;
  boolean publicOverride; // optionally set this in client
  int startPort = 5000; // optionally set this in client
  Responder responder;
  boolean console = true;
  boolean daemon = false;
  boolean incomingSilent = false;
  int incomingPrintLimit = 200;
  boolean useMultiPort = true;
  boolean recordHistory;
  boolean verbose;
  
  // set by system
  int port;
  long vport;
  DialogHandler handler;
  ServerSocket server;
  
  Android3(String greeting) {
  this.greeting = greeting;}
  Android3() {}
  
  synchronized void dispose() {
    if (server != null) {
      try {
        server.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        print("[internal] " + e);
      }
      server = null;
    }
    if (vport != 0) try { /* pcall 1*/ 
      //print("Dispoing virtual port " + vport);
      removeFromMultiPort(vport);
      vport = 0;
    /* pcall 2 */ } catch (Throwable __e) { printStackTrace(__e); }
  }
}

static abstract class Responder {
  abstract String answer(String s, List<String> history);
}

static Android3 makeAndroid3(final String greeting) {
  return makeAndroid3(new Android3(greeting));
}

static Android3 makeAndroid3(final String greeting, Responder responder) {
  Android3 android = new Android3(greeting);
  android.responder = responder;
  return makeAndroid3(android);
}

static Android3 makeAndroid3(final Android3 a) {
  if (a.responder == null)
    a.responder = new Responder() {
      String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
        return callStaticAnswerMethod(s, history);
      }
    };
    
  print(a.greeting);
  
  if (a.useMultiPort) {
    a.vport = addToMultiPort(a.greeting,
      makeAndroid3_verboseResponder(a));
    if (a.vport == 1)
      makeAndroid3_handleConsole(a);
    return a;
  }
    
  a.handler = makeAndroid3_makeDialogHandler(a);
  a.port = a.daemon
    ? startDialogServerOnPortAboveDaemon(a.startPort, a.handler)
    : startDialogServerOnPortAbove(a.startPort, a.handler);
  a.server = startDialogServer_serverSocket;

  if (a.console && makeAndroid3_consoleInUse()) a.console = false;
  
  if (a.console)
    makeAndroid3_handleConsole(a);

  record(a);
  return a;
}

static void makeAndroid3_handleConsole(final Android3 a) {
  // Console handling stuff
  print("You may also type on this console.");
  { Thread _t_0 = new Thread() {
public void run() { try { /* pcall 1*/ 
    List<String> history = new ArrayList<String>();
    String line;
    while ((line = readLine()) != null) {
      /*if (eq(line, "bye")) {
        print("> bye stranger");
        history = new ArrayList<S>();
      } else*/ {
        history.add(line);
        history.add(makeAndroid3_getAnswer(line, history, a)); // prints answer on console too
      }
    }
  /* pcall 2 */ } catch (Throwable __e) { printStackTrace(__e); } }
};
_t_0.start(); }
}

static DialogHandler makeAndroid3_makeDialogHandler(final Android3 a) {
  return new DialogHandler() {
public void run(final DialogIO io) {
    if (!a.publicOverride && !(publicCommOn() || io.isLocalConnection())) {
      io.sendLine("Sorry, not allowed");
      return;
    }
    
    String dialogID = randomID(8);
    
    io.sendLine(a.greeting + " / Your ID: " + dialogID);
    
    List<String> history = new ArrayList<String>();
    
    while (io.isStillConnected()) {
      if (io.waitForLine()) {
        final String line = io.readLineNoBlock();
        String s = dialogID + " at " + now() + ": " + quote(line);
        if (!a.incomingSilent)
          print(shorten(s, a.incomingPrintLimit));
        if (eq(line, "bye")) {
          io.sendLine("bye stranger");
          return;
        }
        Matches m = new Matches();
        if (a.recordHistory)
          history.add(line);
        String answer;
        if (match3("this is a continuation of talk *", s, m)
          || match3("hello bot! this is a continuation of talk *", s, m)) {
          dialogID = unquote(m.m[0]);
          answer = "ok";
        } else try {
          makeAndroid3_io.set(io);
          answer = makeAndroid3_getAnswer(line, history, a);
        } finally {
          makeAndroid3_io.set(null);
        }
        if (a.recordHistory)
          history.add(answer);
        io.sendLine(answer);
        //appendToLog(logFile, s);
      }
    }
  }};
}

static String makeAndroid3_getAnswer(String line, List<String> history, Android3 a) {
  String answer;
  try {
    answer = makeAndroid3_fallback(line, history, a.responder.answer(line, history));
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e = getInnerException(e);
    printStackTrace(e);
    answer = e.toString();
  }
  if (!a.incomingSilent)
    print("> " + shorten(answer, 500));
  return answer;
}

static String makeAndroid3_fallback(String s, List<String> history, String answer) {
  // Now we only do the safe thing instead of VM inspection - give out our process ID
  if (answer == null && match3("what is your pid", s))
    return getPID();
    
  if (answer == null && match3("what is your program id", s)) // should be fairly safe, right?
    return getProgramID();
    
  if (match3("get injection id", s))
    return getInjectionID();
    
  if (answer == null) answer = "?";
  if (answer.indexOf('\n') >= 0 || answer.indexOf('\r') >= 0)
    answer = quote(answer);
  return answer;
}

static boolean makeAndroid3_consoleInUse() {
  for (Object o : record_list)
    if (o instanceof Android3 && ((Android3) o).console)
      return true;
  return false;
}

static Responder makeAndroid3_verboseResponder(final Android3 a) {
  return new Responder() {
    String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
      if (a.verbose)
        print("> " + s);
      String answer = a.responder.answer(s, history);
      if (a.verbose)
        print("< " + answer);
      return answer;
    }
  };
}

static ThreadLocal<DialogIO> makeAndroid3_io = new ThreadLocal<DialogIO>();

  public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
    return bytesToHex(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
  }

  public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes, int ofs, int len) {
    StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(len*2);
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      String s = "0" + Integer.toHexString(bytes[ofs+i]);
      stringBuilder.append(s.substring(s.length()-2, s.length()));
    }
    return stringBuilder.toString();
  }

static boolean isInteger(String s) {
  return s != null && Pattern.matches("\\-?\\d+", s);
}
static RuntimeException asRuntimeException(Throwable t) {
  return t instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) t : new RuntimeException(t);
}
static String asciiHeading2(String title) {
  return asciiHeading(title) + "\n";
}
static Object mc() {
  return getMainClass();
}
static String indentx(String s) {
  return indentx(indent_default, s);
}

static String indentx(int n, String s) {
  return dropSuffix(repeat(' ', n), indent(n, s));
}

static String indentx(String indent, String s) {
  return dropSuffix(indent, indent(indent, s));
}
static File programDir_mine; // set this to relocate program's data

static File programDir() {
  return programDir(getProgramID());
}

static File programDir(String snippetID) {
  if (programDir_mine != null && sameSnippetID(snippetID, programID()))
    return programDir_mine;
  return new File(javaxDataDir(), formatSnippetID(snippetID));
}

static String getProgramTitle() {
  return getProgramName();
}
// extended over Class.isInstance() to handle primitive types
static boolean isInstanceX(Class type, Object arg) {
  if (type == boolean.class) return arg instanceof Boolean;
  if (type == int.class) return arg instanceof Integer;
  if (type == long.class) return arg instanceof Long;
  if (type == float.class) return arg instanceof Float;
  if (type == short.class) return arg instanceof Short;
  if (type == char.class) return arg instanceof Character;
  if (type == byte.class) return arg instanceof Byte;
  if (type == double.class) return arg instanceof Double;
  return type.isInstance(arg);
}
static String singleFieldName(Class c) {
  Set<String> l = listFields(c);
  if (l(l) != 1)
    throw fail("No single field found in " + c + " (have " + n(l(l), "fields") + ")");
  return first(l);
}
static String classNameToVM(String name) {
  return name.replace(".", "$");
}
static void saveLocally(String variableName) {
  saveLocally(programID(), variableName);
}

static void saveLocally(String progID, String variableName) {
  saveLocally2(mc(), progID, variableName);
}

static void saveLocally2(Object obj, String variableName) {
  saveLocally2(obj, programID(), variableName);
}

static synchronized void saveLocally2(Object obj, String progID, String variableName) {
  File textFile = new File(programDir(progID), variableName + ".text");
  File structureFile = new File(programDir(progID), variableName + ".structure");
  Object x = get(obj, variableName);
  
  if (x == null) {
    textFile.delete();
    structureFile.delete();
  } else if (x instanceof String) {
    saveTextFile(textFile, (String) x);
    structureFile.delete();
  } else {
    saveTextFile(structureFile, structure(x));
    textFile.delete();
  }
}
static boolean isPluralOf(String plural, String singular) {
  return eqic(plural(singular), plural); // todo: there might be multiple plurals
}
static int month() {
  return Calendar.getInstance().get(Calendar.MONTH)+1;
}
static boolean booleanValue(Object o) {
  return eq(true, o);
}
static Set<String> allFields(Object o) {
  TreeSet<String> fields = new TreeSet<String>();
  Class _c = _getClass(o);
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      fields.add(f.getName());
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return fields;
}
public static File mkdirsForFile(File file) {
  File dir = file.getParentFile();
  if (dir != null) // is null if file is in current dir
    dir.mkdirs();
  return file;
}

static void warnIfOddCount(Object... list) {
  if (odd(l(list)))
    warn("Odd list size: " + struct(list));
}
static String substring(String s, int x) {
  return safeSubstring(s, x);
}

static String substring(String s, int x, int y) {
  return safeSubstring(s, x, y);
}
static List emptyList() {
  return new ArrayList();
  //ret Collections.emptyList();
}
static <A> List<A> synchroList() {
  return Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<A>());
}

static <A> List<A> synchroList(List<A> l) {
  return Collections.synchronizedList(l);
}

static String ok(Object o) {
  return format("ok *", o);
}
static Object[] asObjectArray(List l) {
  return toObjectArray(l);
}
static String padLeft(String s, char c, int n) {
  return rep(c, n-l(s)) + s;
}
  public static String loadTextFile(String fileName) {
    try {
      return loadTextFile(fileName, null);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }
  
  public static String loadTextFile(String fileName, String defaultContents) throws IOException {
    if (!new File(fileName).exists())
      return defaultContents;

    FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(fileName);
    InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(fileInputStream, "UTF-8");
    return loadTextFile(inputStreamReader);
  }
  
  public static String loadTextFile(File fileName) {
    try {
      return loadTextFile(fileName, null);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

  public static String loadTextFile(File fileName, String defaultContents) throws IOException {
    try {
      return loadTextFile(fileName.getPath(), defaultContents);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }
  
  public static String loadTextFile(Reader reader) throws IOException {
    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
    try {
      char[] buffer = new char[1024];
      int n;
      while (-1 != (n = reader.read(buffer)))
        builder.append(buffer, 0, n);
        
    } finally {
      reader.close();
    }
    return builder.toString();
  }
static boolean isEmpty(Collection c) {
  return c == null || c.isEmpty();
}

static boolean isEmpty(CharSequence s) {
  return s == null || s.length() == 0;
}

static boolean isEmpty(Object[] a) {
  return a == null || a.length == 0;
}

static boolean isEmpty(Map map) {
  return map == null || map.isEmpty();
}
static String dropSuffix(String suffix, String s) {
  return s.endsWith(suffix) ? s.substring(0, l(s)-l(suffix)) : s;
}
static void smartSet(Field f, Object o, Object value) throws Exception {
  f.setAccessible(true);
  
  // take care of common case (long to int)
  if (f.getType() == int.class && value instanceof Long)
    value = ((Long) value).intValue();
    
  f.set(o, value);
}
static String getString(Map map, Object key) {
  return map == null ? null : (String) map.get(key);
}

static String getString(List l, int idx) {
  return (String) get(l, idx);
}

static String getString(Object o, Object key) {
  if (o instanceof Map) return getString((Map) o, key);
  if (key instanceof String)
    return (String) getOpt(o, (String) key);
  throw fail("Not a string key: " + getClassName(key));
}
static String dynamicClassName(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof DynamicObject) return "main$" + ((DynamicObject) o).className;
  return className(o);
}
static String makeResponder_callAnswerMethod(Object bot, String s, List<String> history) {
  String answer = (String) callOpt(bot, "answer", s, history);
  if (answer == null)
    answer = (String) callOpt(bot, "answer", s);
  return answer;
}

static Responder makeResponder(final Object bot) {
  if (bot instanceof Responder) return (Responder) bot;
  
  return new Responder() {
    String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
      return makeResponder_callAnswerMethod(bot, s, history);
    }
  };
}
static void copyStream(InputStream in, OutputStream out) { try {
 
  byte[] buf = new byte[65536];
  while (true) {
    int n = in.read(buf);
    if (n <= 0) return;
    out.write(buf, 0, n);
  }

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}


static String asciiHeading(String title) {
  return "\n" + title + "\n" + rep(l(title), '-');
}
static List<Object> record_list = synchroList();

static void record(Object o) {
  record_list.add(o);
}
static byte[] hexToBytes(String s) {
  int n = l(s) / 2;
  byte[] bytes = new byte[n];
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    String hex = substring(s, i*2, i*2+2);
    try {
      bytes[i] = (byte) parseHexByte(hex);
    } catch (Throwable _e) {
      throw fail("Bad hex byte: " + quote(hex) + " at " + i*2 + "/" + l(s));
    }
  }
  return bytes;
}
// returns l(s) if not found
static int xIndexOf(String s, String sub, int i) {
  if (s == null) return 0;
  i = s.indexOf(sub, min(i, l(s)));
  return i >= 0 ? i : l(s);
}

static int xIndexOf(String s, String sub) {
  return xIndexOf(s, sub, 0);
}

static int xIndexOf(String s, char c) {
  if (s == null) return 0;
  int i = s.indexOf(c);
  return i >= 0 ? i : l(s);
}
static void removeFromMultiPort(long vport) {
  for (Object port : getMultiPorts())
    call(port, "removePort", vport);
}
static void pcallOpt(Object o, String method, Object... args) {
  try { /* pcall 1*/  callOpt(o, method, args); /* pcall 2 */ } catch (Throwable __e) { printStackTrace(__e); }
}
static boolean setOptAllDyn_debug;

static void setOptAllDyn(DynamicObject o, Map<String, Object> fields) {
  if (fields == null) return;
  for (String field : keys(fields)) {
    Object val = fields.get(field);
    boolean has = hasField(o, field);
    if (has)
      setOpt(o, field, val);
    else {
      o.fieldValues.put(field, val);
      if (setOptAllDyn_debug) print("setOptAllDyn added dyn " + field + " to " + o + " [value: " + val + ", fieldValues = " + systemHashCode(o.fieldValues) + ", " + struct(keys(o.fieldValues)) + "]");
    }
  }
}
static String quickSubstring(String s, int i, int j) {
  if (i == j) return "";
  return s.substring(i, j);
}
static Object addToMultiPort_responder;

static long addToMultiPort(final String botName) {
  return addToMultiPort(botName, new Object() {
    public String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
      String answer = (String) ( callOpt(getMainClass(), "answer", s, history));
      if (answer != null) return answer;
      answer = (String) callOpt(getMainClass(), "answer", s);
      if (answer != null) return answer;
      if (match3("get injection id", s))
        return getInjectionID();
      return null;
    }
  });
}

static long addToMultiPort(final String botName, final Object responder) {
  print(botName);
  addToMultiPort_responder = responder;
  startMultiPort();
  List ports = getMultiPorts();
  if (ports == null) return 0;
  if (ports.isEmpty())
    throw fail("No multiports!");
  if (ports.size() > 1)
    print("Multiple multi-ports. Using last one.");
  Object port = last(ports);
  Object responder2 = new Object() {
    public String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
      if (match3("get injection id", s))
        return getInjectionID();
      if (match3("your name", s))
        return botName;
      return (String) call(responder, "answer", s, history);
    }
  };
  record(responder2);
  return (Long) call(port, "addResponder", botName, responder2);
}

static int min(int a, int b) {
  return Math.min(a, b);
}

static long min(long a, long b) {
  return Math.min(a, b);
}

static double min(double a, double b) {
  return Math.min(a, b);
}

static double min(double[] c) {
  double x = Double.MAX_VALUE;
  for (double d : c) x = Math.min(x, d);
  return x;
}

static byte min(byte[] c) {
  byte x = 127;
  for (byte d : c) if (d < x) x = d;
  return x;
}
static Object newObject(Class c, Object... args) {
  return nuObject(c, args);
}

static Object newObject(String className, Object... args) {
  return nuObject(className, args);
}

static Class getMainClass() { try {
 
  return Class.forName("main");

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

static Class getMainClass(Object o) { try {
 
  return (o instanceof Class ? (Class) o : o.getClass()).getClassLoader().loadClass("main");

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
static Throwable getInnerException(Throwable e) {
  while (e.getCause() != null)
    e = e.getCause();
  return e;
}
static String n(long l, String name) {
  return l + " " + (l == 1 ? singular(name) : getPlural(name));
}
static int days() {
  return Calendar.getInstance().get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
}
  // class Matches is added by #752
 
  static boolean match3(String pat, String s) {
    return match3(pat, s, null);
  }
  
  static boolean match3(String pat, String s, Matches matches) {
    if (s == null) return false;
    return match3(pat, parse3_cached(s), matches);
  }
    
  static boolean match3(String pat, List<String> toks, Matches matches) {
    List<String> tokpat = parse3(pat);
    return match3(tokpat,toks,matches);
  }

  static boolean match3(List<String> tokpat, List<String> toks, Matches matches) {

    String[] m = match2(tokpat, toks);
    //print(structure(tokpat) + " on " + structure(toks) + " => " + structure(m));
    if (m == null)
      return false;
    else {
      if (matches != null) matches.m = m;
      return true;
    }
  }
static String getStackTrace(Throwable throwable) {
  StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
  throwable.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(writer));
  return writer.toString();
}
static String formatSnippetID(String id) {
  return "#" + parseSnippetID(id);
}

static String formatSnippetID(long id) {
  return "#" + id;
}
static String rep(int n, char c) {
  return repeat(c, n);
}

static String rep(char c, int n) {
  return repeat(c, n);
}

static <A> List<A> rep(A a, int n) {
  return repeat(a, n);
}

static String getInjectionID() {
  return (String) call(getJavaX(), "getInjectionID", getMainClass());
}
static boolean warn_on = true;

static void warn(String s) {
  if (warn_on)
    print("Warning: " + s);
}

static void warn(String s, List<String> warnings) {
  warn(s);
  if (warnings != null)
    warnings.add(s);
}
  static AtomicInteger dialogServer_clients = new AtomicInteger();
  static boolean dialogServer_printConnects;
  
  static Set<String> dialogServer_knownClients = synchroTreeSet();
  
  static int startDialogServerOnPortAbove(int port, DialogHandler handler) {
    while (!forbiddenPort(port) && !startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(port, handler))
      ++port;
    return port;
  }
  
  static int startDialogServerOnPortAboveDaemon(int port, DialogHandler handler) {
    while (!forbiddenPort(port) && !startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(port, handler, true))
      ++port;
    return port;
  }
  
  static void startDialogServer(int port, DialogHandler handler) {
    if (!startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(port, handler))
      throw fail("Can't start dialog server on port " + port);
  }
  
  static boolean startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(int port, final DialogHandler handler) {
    return startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(port, handler, false);
  }
  
  static ServerSocket startDialogServer_serverSocket;
    
  static boolean startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(int port, final DialogHandler handler, boolean daemon) {
    ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
    try {
      serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      // probably the port number is used - let's assume there already is a chat server.
      return false;
    }
    final ServerSocket _serverSocket = serverSocket;
    startDialogServer_serverSocket = serverSocket;

    Thread thread = new Thread("Socket accept port " + port) { public void run() {
     try {
      while (true) {
        try {
          final Socket s = _serverSocket.accept();
          
          String client = s.getInetAddress().toString();
          if (!dialogServer_knownClients.contains(client) && neq(client, "/127.0.0.1")) {
            print("connect from " + client + " - clients: " + dialogServer_clients.incrementAndGet());
            dialogServer_knownClients.add(client);
          }
          
          String threadName = "Handling client " + s.getInetAddress();

          Thread t2 = new Thread(threadName) {
           public void run() {
            try {
              final Writer w = new OutputStreamWriter(s.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
              final BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
                new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
                
              DialogIO io = new DialogIO() {
              
                // This should be the same as #1001076 (talkTo)
              
    boolean isLocalConnection() {
      return s.getInetAddress().isLoopbackAddress();
    }
    
    boolean isStillConnected() {
      return !(eos || s.isClosed());
    }
    
    void sendLine(String line) { try {
 
      w.write(line + "\n");
      w.flush();
    
} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
    
    String readLineImpl() { try {
 
      return in.readLine();
    
} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
    
    void close() {
      try {
        s.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        // whatever
      }
    }
    
    Socket getSocket() {
      return s;
    }
    };
              
              try {
                handler.run(io);
              } finally {
                s.close();
              }
            } catch (IOException e) {
              print("[internal] " + e);
            } finally {
              //print("client disconnect - " + dialogServer_clients.decrementAndGet() + " remaining");
            }
           }
          }; // Thread t2
          t2.setDaemon(true); // ?
          t2.start();
        } catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
        }
      }   
     } catch (IOException e) {
       print("[internal] " + e);
     }
    }};
    if (daemon) thread.setDaemon(true);
    thread.start();
   
    print("Dialog server on port " + port + " started."); 
    return true;
  }
static boolean checkConceptFields(Concept x, Object... data) {
  for (int i = 0; i < l(data); i += 2)
    if (neq(cget(x, (String) data[i]), deref(data[i+1])))
      return false;
  return true;
}
  public static String unquote(String s) {
    if (s == null) return null;
    if (s.startsWith("[")) {
      int i = 1;
      while (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '=') ++i;
      if (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '[') {
        String m = s.substring(1, i);
        if (s.endsWith("]" + m + "]"))
          return s.substring(i+1, s.length()-i-1);
      }
    }
    
    if (s.startsWith("\"") /*&& s.endsWith("\"")*/ && s.length() > 1) {
      String st = s.substring(1, s.endsWith("\"") ? s.length()-1 : s.length());
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(st.length());
  
      for (int i = 0; i < st.length(); i++) {
        char ch = st.charAt(i);
        if (ch == '\\') {
          char nextChar = (i == st.length() - 1) ? '\\' : st
                  .charAt(i + 1);
          // Octal escape?
          if (nextChar >= '0' && nextChar <= '7') {
              String code = "" + nextChar;
              i++;
              if ((i < st.length() - 1) && st.charAt(i + 1) >= '0'
                      && st.charAt(i + 1) <= '7') {
                  code += st.charAt(i + 1);
                  i++;
                  if ((i < st.length() - 1) && st.charAt(i + 1) >= '0'
                          && st.charAt(i + 1) <= '7') {
                      code += st.charAt(i + 1);
                      i++;
                  }
              }
              sb.append((char) Integer.parseInt(code, 8));
              continue;
          }
          switch (nextChar) {
          case '\\':
              ch = '\\';
              break;
          case 'b':
              ch = '\b';
              break;
          case 'f':
              ch = '\f';
              break;
          case 'n':
              ch = '\n';
              break;
          case 'r':
              ch = '\r';
              break;
          case 't':
              ch = '\t';
              break;
          case '\"':
              ch = '\"';
              break;
          case '\'':
              ch = '\'';
              break;
          // Hex Unicode: u????
          case 'u':
              if (i >= st.length() - 5) {
                  ch = 'u';
                  break;
              }
              int code = Integer.parseInt(
                      "" + st.charAt(i + 2) + st.charAt(i + 3)
                              + st.charAt(i + 4) + st.charAt(i + 5), 16);
              sb.append(Character.toChars(code));
              i += 5;
              continue;
          default:
            ch = nextChar; // added by Stefan
          }
          i++;
        }
        sb.append(ch);
      }
      return sb.toString();      
    } else
      return s; // return original
  }
static void setOptAll(Object o, Map<String, Object> fields) {
  if (fields == null) return;
  for (String field : keys(fields))
    setOpt(o, field, fields.get(field));
}
static BufferedReader readLine_reader;

static String readLine() {
  return (String) call(getJavaX(), "readLine");
}
static char unquoteCharacter(String s) {
  assertTrue(s.startsWith("'") && s.length() > 1);
  return unquote("\"" + s.substring(1, s.endsWith("'") ? s.length()-1 : s.length()) + "\"").charAt(0);
}
static <A> A nuStubInnerObject(Class<A> c) { try {
 
  Class outerType = getOuterClass(c);
  Constructor m = c.getDeclaredConstructor(outerType);
  m.setAccessible(true);
  return (A) m.newInstance(new Object[] {null});

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
static boolean[] boolArrayFromBytes(byte[] a, int n) {
  boolean[] b = new boolean[n];
  int m = min(n, l(a)*8);
  for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    b[i] = (a[i/8] & 1 << (i & 7)) != 0;
  return b;
}
// hopefully covers all cases :)
static String safeSubstring(String s, int x, int y) {
  if (s == null) return null;
  if (x < 0) x = 0;
  if (x > s.length()) return "";
  if (y < x) y = x;
  if (y > s.length()) y = s.length();
  return s.substring(x, y);
}

static String safeSubstring(String s, int x) {
  return safeSubstring(s, x, l(s));
}

static Object getBot(String botID) {
  return callOpt(getMainBot(), "getBot", botID);
}

  public static String join(String glue, Iterable<String> strings) {
    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
    Iterator<String> i = strings.iterator();
    if (i.hasNext()) {
      buf.append(i.next());
      while (i.hasNext())
        buf.append(glue).append(i.next());
    }
    return buf.toString();
  }
  
  public static String join(String glue, String[] strings) {
    return join(glue, Arrays.asList(strings));
  }
  
  public static String join(Iterable<String> strings) {
    return join("", strings);
  }
  
  public static String join(String[] strings) {
    return join("", strings);
  }

static byte[] boolArrayToBytes(boolean[] a) {
  byte[] b = new byte[(l(a)+7)/8];
  for (int i = 0; i < l(a); i++)
    if (a[i])
      b[i/8] |= 1 << (i & 7);
  return b;
}
static boolean odd(int i) {
  return (i & 1) != 0;
}
static String className(Object o) {
  return getClassName(o);
}
static boolean isLongConstant(String s) {
  if (!s.endsWith("L")) return false;
  s = s.substring(0, l(s)-1);
  return isInteger(s);
}
static boolean endsWithLetter(String s) {
  return nempty(s) && isLetter(last(s));
}
static String internIfLongerThan(String s, int l) {
  return s == null ? null : l(s) >= l ? s.intern() : s;
}
static int max(int a, int b) {
  return Math.max(a, b);
}

static long max(int a, long b) {
  return Math.max((long) a, b);
}

static long max(long a, long b) {
  return Math.max(a, b);
}

static double max(int a, double b) {
  return Math.max((double) a, b);
}

static float max(float a, float b) {
  return Math.max(a, b);
}

static int max(Collection<Integer> c) {
  int x = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
  for (int i : c) x = max(x, i);
  return x;
}

static double max(double[] c) {
  if (c.length == 0) return Double.MIN_VALUE;
  double x = c[0];
  for (int i = 1; i < c.length; i++) x = Math.max(x, c[i]);
  return x;
}

static byte max(byte[] c) {
  byte x = -128;
  for (byte d : c) if (d > x) x = d;
  return x;
}
static <A> A assertEquals(Object x, A y) {
  return assertEquals(null, x, y);
}

static <A> A assertEquals(String msg, Object x, A y) {
  if (!(x == null ? y == null : x.equals(y)))
    throw fail((msg != null ? msg + ": " : "") + structure(x) + " != " + structure(y));
  return y;
}
static boolean sameSnippetID(String a, String b) {
  return a != null && b != null && parseSnippetID(a) == parseSnippetID(b);
}
static boolean publicCommOn() {
  return "1".equals(loadTextFile(new File(userHome(), ".javax/public-communication")));
}
static int[] toIntArray(List<Integer> l) {
  int[] a = new int[l(l)];
  for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
    a[i] = l.get(i);
  return a;
}
static void printStructure(String prefix, Object o) {
  print(prefix + structure(o));
}

static void printStructure(Object o) {
  print(structure(o));
}

static boolean eqOneOf(Object o, Object... l) {
  for (Object x : l) if (eq(o, x)) return true; return false;
}
  static String format(String pat, Object... args) {
    return format3(pat, args);
  }

static String getClassName(Object o) {
  return o == null ? "null" : o.getClass().getName();
}
static File javaxDataDir_dir; // can be set to work on different base dir

static File javaxDataDir() {
  return javaxDataDir_dir != null ? javaxDataDir_dir : new File(userHome(), "JavaX-Data");
}
static int indent_default = 2;

static String indent(int indent) {
  return repeat(' ', indent);
}

static String indent(int indent, String s) {
  return indent(repeat(' ', indent), s);
}

static String indent(String indent, String s) {
  return indent + s.replace("\n", "\n" + indent);
}

static String indent(String s) {
  return indent(indent_default, s);
}

static List<String> indent(String indent, List<String> lines) {
  List<String> l = new ArrayList<String>();
  for (String s : lines)
    l.add(indent + s);
  return l;
}
static double parseDouble(String s) {
  return Double.parseDouble(s);
}
  static String repeat(char c, int n) {
    n = max(n, 0);
    char[] chars = new char[n];
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
      chars[i] = c;
    return new String(chars);
  }

  static <A> List<A> repeat(A a, int n) {
    List<A> l = new ArrayList<A>();
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
      l.add(a);
    return l;
  }

static Object[] toObjectArray(Collection c) {
  List l = asList(c);
  return l.toArray(new Object[l.size()]);
}

// try to get our current process ID
static String getPID() {
  String name = ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().getName();
  return name.replaceAll("@.*", "");
}
static String callStaticAnswerMethod(List bots, String s) {
  for (Object c : bots) try {
    String answer = callStaticAnswerMethod(c, s);
    if (!empty(answer)) return answer;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    print("Error calling " + getProgramID(c));
    e.printStackTrace();
  }
  return null;
}

static String callStaticAnswerMethod(Object c, String s) {
  String answer = (String) callOpt(c, "answer", s, litlist(s));
  if (answer == null)
    answer = (String) callOpt(c, "answer", s);
  return emptyToNull(answer);
}

static String callStaticAnswerMethod(String s) {
  return callStaticAnswerMethod(mc(), s);
}

static String callStaticAnswerMethod(String s, List<String> history) {
  return callStaticAnswerMethod(mc(), s, history);
}

static String callStaticAnswerMethod(Object c, String s, List<String> history) {
  String answer = (String) callOpt(c, "answer", s, history);
  if (answer == null)
    answer = (String) callOpt(c, "answer", s);
  return emptyToNull(answer);
}
static int randomID_defaultLength = 12;

static String randomID(int length) {
  return makeRandomID(length);
}

static String randomID() {
  return randomID(randomID_defaultLength);
}
static String getProgramName_cache;

static synchronized String getProgramName() {
  if (getProgramName_cache == null)
    getProgramName_cache = getSnippetTitle(getProgramID());
  return getProgramName_cache;
}


static <A> Set<A> synchroTreeSet() {
  return Collections.synchronizedSet(new TreeSet<A>());
}

static Object mainBot;

static Object getMainBot() {
  return mainBot;
}
static Class __javax;

static Class getJavaX() {
  return __javax;
}
static boolean hasField(Object o, String field) {
  return findField2(o, field) != null;
}
// match2 matches multiple "*" (matches a single token) wildcards and zero or one "..." wildcards (matches multiple tokens)

static String[] match2(List<String> pat, List<String> tok) {
  // standard case (no ...)
  int i = pat.indexOf("...");
  if (i < 0) return match2_match(pat, tok);
  
  pat = new ArrayList<String>(pat); // We're modifying it, so copy first
  pat.set(i, "*");
  while (pat.size() < tok.size()) {
    pat.add(i, "*");
    pat.add(i+1, ""); // doesn't matter
  }
  
  return match2_match(pat, tok);
}

static String[] match2_match(List<String> pat, List<String> tok) {
  List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
  if (pat.size() != tok.size()) {
    /*if (debug)
      print("Size mismatch: " + structure(pat) + " vs " + structure(tok));*/
    return null;
  }
  for (int i = 1; i < pat.size(); i += 2) {
    String p = pat.get(i), t = tok.get(i);
    /*if (debug)
      print("Checking " + p + " against " + t);*/
    if (eq(p, "*"))
      result.add(t);
    else if (!equalsIgnoreCase(unquote(p), unquote(t))) // bold change - match quoted and unquoted now
      return null;
  }
  return result.toArray(new String[result.size()]);
}

  static String format3(String pat, Object... args) {
    if (args.length == 0) return pat;
    
    List<String> tok = javaTokPlusPeriod(pat);
    int argidx = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i < tok.size(); i += 2)
      if (tok.get(i).equals("*"))
        tok.set(i, format3_formatArg(argidx < args.length ? args[argidx++] : "null"));
    return join(tok);
  }
  
  static String format3_formatArg(Object arg) {
    if (arg == null) return "null";
    if (arg instanceof String) {
      String s = (String) arg;
      return isIdentifier(s) || isNonNegativeInteger(s) ? s : quote(s);
    }
    if (arg instanceof Integer || arg instanceof Long) return String.valueOf(arg);
    return quote(structure(arg));
  }
  

static <A> A last(List<A> l) {
  return l.isEmpty() ? null : l.get(l.size()-1);
}

static char last(String s) {
  return empty(s) ? '#' : s.charAt(l(s)-1);
}
static int systemHashCode(Object o) {
  return identityHashCode(o);
}
static boolean forbiddenPort(int port) {
  return port == 5037; // adb
}

static String makeRandomID(int length) {
  Random random = new Random();
  char[] id = new char[length];
  for (int i = 0; i < id.length; i++)
    id[i] = (char) ((int) 'a' + random.nextInt(26));
  return new String(id);
}
static void setOpt(Object o, String field, Object value) {
  if (o instanceof Class) setOpt((Class) o, field, value);
  else try {
    Field f = setOpt_findField(o.getClass(), field);
    if (f != null)
      smartSet(f, o, value);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static void setOpt(Class c, String field, Object value) {
  try {
    Field f = setOpt_findStaticField(c, field);
    if (f != null)
      smartSet(f, null, value);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}
  
static Field setOpt_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return null;
}

static Field setOpt_findField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field))
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return null;
}
static Class getOuterClass(Class c) { try {
 
  String s = c.getName();
  int i = s.lastIndexOf('$');
  return Class.forName(substring(s, 0, i));

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
  static List<String> parse3(String s) {
    return dropPunctuation(javaTokPlusPeriod(s));
  }
static String _userHome;
static String userHome() {
  if (_userHome == null) {
    if (isAndroid())
      _userHome = "/storage/sdcard0/";
    else
      _userHome = System.getProperty("user.home");
    //System.out.println("userHome: " + _userHome);
  }
  return _userHome;
}

static File userHome(String path) {
  return new File(userDir(), path);
}
static String parse3_cached_s;
static List<String> parse3_cached_l;

  static synchronized List<String> parse3_cached(String s) {
    if (neq(s, parse3_cached_s))
      parse3_cached_l = parse3(parse3_cached_s = s);
    return parse3_cached_l;
  }
static String getSnippetTitle(String id) { try {
 
  if (!isSnippetID(id)) return "?";
  return trim(loadPageSilently(new URL("http://tinybrain.de:8080/tb-int/getfield.php?id=" + parseSnippetID(id) + "&field=title" + standardCredentials())));

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
static List<Object> getMultiPorts() {
  return (List) callOpt(getJavaX(), "getMultiPorts");
}
static String emptyToNull(String s) {
  return eq(s, "") ? null : s;
}
static boolean isLetter(char c) {
  return Character.isLetter(c);
}
public static long parseSnippetID(String snippetID) {
  long id = Long.parseLong(shortenSnippetID(snippetID));
  if (id == 0) throw fail("0 is not a snippet ID");
  return id;
}
static int parseHexByte(String s) {
  return Integer.parseInt(s, 16);
}
// start multi-port if none exists in current VM.
static void startMultiPort() {
  List mp = getMultiPorts();
  if (mp != null && mp.isEmpty())
    callMain(hotwire("#1001672"));
}


static boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String a, String b) {
  return a == null ? b == null : a.equalsIgnoreCase(b);
}
static String shortenSnippetID(String snippetID) {
  if (snippetID.startsWith("#"))
    snippetID = snippetID.substring(1);
  String httpBlaBla = "http://tinybrain.de/";
  if (snippetID.startsWith(httpBlaBla))
    snippetID = snippetID.substring(httpBlaBla.length());
  return "" + parseLong(snippetID);
}
static String standardCredentials() {
  String user = trim(loadTextFile(new File(userHome(), ".tinybrain/username")));
  String pass = trim(loadTextFile(new File(userHome(), ".tinybrain/userpass")));
  if (nempty(user) && nempty(pass))
    return "&_user=" + urlencode(user) + "&_pass=" + urlencode(pass);
  return "";
}
static void callMain(Object c, String... args) {
  callOpt(c, "main", new Object[] {args});
}
static boolean isNonNegativeInteger(String s) {
  return s != null && Pattern.matches("\\d+", s);
}
// This is made for NL parsing.
// It's javaTok extended with "..." token, "$n" and "#n" and
// special quotes (which are converted to normal ones).

static List<String> javaTokPlusPeriod(String s) {
  List<String> tok = new ArrayList<String>();
  int l = s.length();
  
  int i = 0;
  while (i < l) {
    int j = i;
    char c; String cc;
    
    // scan for whitespace
    while (j < l) {
      c = s.charAt(j);
      cc = s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l));
      if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
        ++j;
      else if (cc.equals("/*")) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && !s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l)).equals("*/"));
        j = Math.min(j+2, l);
      } else if (cc.equals("//")) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && "\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) < 0);
      } else
        break;
    }
    
    tok.add(s.substring(i, j));
    i = j;
    if (i >= l) break;
    c = s.charAt(i);
    cc = s.substring(i, Math.min(i+2, l));

    // scan for non-whitespace
    if (c == '\u201C' || c == '\u201D') c = '"'; // normalize quotes
    if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
      char opener = c;
      ++j;
      while (j < l) {
        char _c = s.charAt(j);
        if (_c == '\u201C' || _c == '\u201D') _c = '"'; // normalize quotes
        if (_c == opener) {
          ++j;
          break;
        } else if (s.charAt(j) == '\\' && j+1 < l)
          j += 2;
        else
          ++j;
      }
      if (j-1 >= i+1) {
        tok.add(opener + s.substring(i+1, j-1) + opener);
        i = j;
        continue;
      }
    } else if (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && (Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)) || s.charAt(j) == '\'')); // for things like "this one's"
    else if (Character.isDigit(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
    else if (cc.equals("[[")) {
      do ++j; while (j+1 < l && !s.substring(j, j+2).equals("]]"));
      j = Math.min(j+2, l);
    } else if (cc.equals("[=") && i+2 < l && s.charAt(i+2) == '[') {
      do ++j; while (j+2 < l && !s.substring(j, j+3).equals("]=]"));
      j = Math.min(j+3, l);
    } else if (s.substring(j, Math.min(j+3, l)).equals("..."))
      j += 3;
    else if (c == '$' || c == '#')
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
    else
      ++j;

    tok.add(s.substring(i, j));
    i = j;
  }
  
  if ((tok.size() % 2) == 0) tok.add("");
  return tok;
}

static Field findField2(Object o, String field) {
  if (o instanceof Class) return findField2_findStaticField((Class) o, field);
  return findField2_findField(o.getClass(), field);
}

static Field findField2_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return null;
}

static Field findField2_findField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field))
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return null;
}
static int identityHashCode(Object o) {
  return System.identityHashCode(o);
}
  public static boolean isSnippetID(String s) {
    try {
      parseSnippetID(s);
      return true;
    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  static ThreadLocal<String> loadPage_charset = new ThreadLocal<String>();
  static boolean loadPage_allowGzip = true, loadPage_debug;
  static boolean loadPage_anonymous; // don't send computer ID
  static int loadPage_verboseness = 100000;
  static int loadPage_retries = 60; // seconds

  public static String loadPageSilently(String url) {
    try {
      return loadPageSilently(new URL(loadPage_preprocess(url)));
    } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
  }

  public static String loadPageSilently(URL url) {
    try {
      IOException e = null;
      for (int tries = 0; tries < loadPage_retries; tries++)
        try {
          URLConnection con = openConnection(url);
          return loadPage(con, url);
        } catch (IOException _e) {
          e = _e;
          print("Trying proxy because of: " + e);
          try {
            return loadPageThroughProxy(str(url));
          } catch (Throwable e2) {
            print("  " + exceptionToStringShort(e2));
          }
          sleepSeconds(1);
        }
      throw e;
    } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
  }

  static String loadPage_preprocess(String url) {  
    if (url.startsWith("tb/"))
      url = "tinybrain.de:8080/" + url;
    if (url.indexOf("://") < 0)
      url = "http://" + url;
    return url;
  }
  
  public static String loadPage(String url) {
    try {
      url = loadPage_preprocess(url);
      print("Loading: " + hideCredentials(url));
      return loadPageSilently(new URL(url));
    } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
  }
  
  public static String loadPage(URL url) {
    print("Loading: " + hideCredentials(url.toExternalForm()));
    return loadPageSilently(url);
  }

  public static String loadPage(URLConnection con, URL url) throws IOException {
    try {
      if (!loadPage_anonymous) {
        String computerID = getComputerID();
        if (computerID != null)
          con.setRequestProperty("X-ComputerID", computerID);
      }
      if (loadPage_allowGzip)
        con.setRequestProperty("Accept-Encoding", "gzip");
    } catch (Throwable e) {} // fails if within doPost
    String contentType = con.getContentType();
    if (contentType == null)
      throw new IOException("Page could not be read: " + url);
    //print("Content-Type: " + contentType);
    String charset = loadPage_charset == null ? null : loadPage_charset.get();
    if (charset == null) charset = loadPage_guessCharset(contentType);
    
    InputStream in = con.getInputStream();
    if ("gzip".equals(con.getContentEncoding())) {
      if (loadPage_debug)
        print("loadPage: Using gzip.");
      in = new GZIPInputStream(in);
    }
    Reader r = new InputStreamReader(in, charset);
    
    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
    int n = 0;
    while (true) {
      int ch = r.read();
      if (ch < 0)
        break;
      buf.append((char) ch);
      ++n;
      if ((n % loadPage_verboseness) == 0) print("  " + n + " chars read");
    }
    return buf.toString();
  }
  
  static String loadPage_guessCharset(String contentType) {
    Pattern p = Pattern.compile("text/[a-z]+;\\s+charset=([^\\s]+)\\s*");
    Matcher m = p.matcher(contentType);
    String match = m.matches() ? m.group(1) : null;
    if (loadPage_debug)
      print("loadPage: contentType=" + contentType + ", match: " + match);
    /* If Content-Type doesn't match this pre-conception, choose default and hope for the best. */
    return or(match, "ISO-8859-1");
  }

  // compile JavaX source, load classes & return main class
  // src can be a snippet ID or path to sources dir
  // TODO: record injection?
  
  static Class<?> hotwire(String src) {
    try {
      Class j = getJavaX();
      
      synchronized(j) { // hopefully this goes well...
        List<File> libraries = new ArrayList<File>();
        File srcDir = (File) call(j, "transpileMain", src, libraries);
        if (srcDir == null)
          throw fail("transpileMain returned null (src=" + quote(src) + ")");
        
        Object androidContext = get(j, "androidContext");
        if (androidContext != null)
          return (Class) call(j, "loadx2android", srcDir, src);
          
        File classesDir = (File) call(j, "TempDirMaker_make");
        String javacOutput = (String) call(j, "compileJava", srcDir, libraries, classesDir);
        System.out.println(javacOutput);
        
        URL[] urls = new URL[libraries.size()+1];
        urls[0] = classesDir.toURI().toURL();
        for (int i = 0; i < libraries.size(); i++)
          urls[i+1] = libraries.get(i).toURI().toURL();
  
        // make class loader
        URLClassLoader classLoader = new URLClassLoader(urls);
    
        // load & return main class
        Class<?> theClass = classLoader.loadClass("main");
        
        callOpt(j, "registerSourceCode", theClass, loadTextFile(new File(srcDir, "main.java")));

        call(j, "setVars", theClass, isSnippetID(src) ? src : null);
        
        if (isSnippetID(src))
          callOpt(j, "addInstance", src, theClass);
          
        if (!_inCore())
          hotwire_copyOver(theClass);
  
        return theClass;
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) e : new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }
static List<String> dropPunctuation_keep = litlist("*", "<", ">");

static List<String> dropPunctuation(List<String> tok) {
  tok = new ArrayList<String>(tok);
  for (int i = 1; i < tok.size(); i += 2) {
    String t = tok.get(i);
    if (t.length() == 1 && !Character.isLetter(t.charAt(0)) && !Character.isDigit(t.charAt(0)) && !dropPunctuation_keep.contains(t)) {
      tok.set(i-1, tok.get(i-1) + tok.get(i+1));
      tok.remove(i);
      tok.remove(i);
      i -= 2;
    }
  }
  return tok;
}

static String dropPunctuation(String s) {
  return join(dropPunctuation(nlTok(s)));
}
static File userDir() {
  return new File(userHome());
}

static File userDir(String path) {
  return new File(userHome(), path);
}
static boolean isAndroid() { return System.getProperty("java.vendor").toLowerCase().indexOf("android") >= 0; }


static String hideCredentials(String url) {
  return url.replaceAll("&_pass=[^&]*", "&_pass=<hidden>");
}
static String exceptionToStringShort(Throwable e) {
  e = getInnerException(e);
  String msg = unnull(e.getMessage());
  if (msg.indexOf("Error") < 0 && msg.indexOf("Exception") < 0)
    return baseClassName(e) + ": " + msg;
  else
    return msg;
}
static URLConnection openConnection(URL url) { try {
 
  ping();
  return url.openConnection();

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
static List<String> nlTok(String s) {
  return javaTokPlusPeriod(s);
}
static String urlencode(String x) {
  try {
    return URLEncoder.encode(unnull(x), "UTF-8");
  } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
}
static boolean _inCore() {
  return false;
}
static String getComputerID() { try {
 
  return computerID();

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
static String loadPageThroughProxy(String url) {
  adbForward();
  DialogIO io = talkToOpt("localhost", 4995); // Test ADB Bridge
  if (io == null)
    io = talkToOpt(gateway(), 4999); // Phone, Public Comm Bot
  if (io == null) return null;
  String answer = unquote(io.ask(forward("Awareness", format("loadPage *", url))));
  io.close();
  if (swic(answer, "ok "))
    return answer.substring(3);
  throw fail(answer);
}
static void hotwire_copyOver(Class c) {
  synchronized(StringBuffer.class) {
    for (String field : litlist("print_log", "print_silent", "androidContext")) {
      Object o = getOpt(mc(), field);
      if (o != null)
        setOpt(c, field, o);
    }
      
    Object mainBot = getMainBot();
    if (mainBot != null)
      setOpt(c, "mainBot", mainBot);

    setOpt(c, "creator_class", new WeakReference(mc()));
  }
}
static void sleepSeconds(double s) {
  if (s > 0) sleep(round(s*1000));
}
static <A> A or(A a, A b) {
  return a != null ? a : b;
}


static boolean swic(String a, String b) {
  return startsWithIgnoreCase(a, b);
}
static String _computerID;
public static String computerID() { try {
 
  if (_computerID == null) {
    File file = new File(userHome(), ".tinybrain/computer-id");
    _computerID = loadTextFile(file.getPath(), null);
    if (_computerID == null) {
      _computerID = makeRandomID(12);
      saveTextFile(file.getPath(), _computerID);
    }
  }
  return _computerID;

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
static TimedCache<String> adbForward_list = new TimedCache(10);

static void adbForward() {
  if (!isOnPATH("adb"))
    print("adb not on path");
  else {
    backtick_verbose = true;
    String list = adbForward_list.get(new Object() { Object get() { return backtick("adb forward --list"); }});
    if (!contains(list, "4995"))
      backtick("adb forward tcp:4995 tcp:4999");
  }
}
static String gateway() {
  return first(detectGateways());
}
static DialogIO talkToOpt(String host, int port) {
  try {
    return talkTo(host, port);
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    return null;
  }
}
static volatile boolean ping_pauseAll;
static int ping_sleep = 100; // poll pauseAll flag every 100
static volatile boolean ping_anyActions;
static Map<Thread, Object> ping_actions = synchroMap(new WeakHashMap());

// returns true if it did anything
static boolean ping() {
  if (ping_pauseAll) {
    do
      sleep(ping_sleep);
    while (ping_pauseAll);
    return true;
  }
  
  if (ping_anyActions) {
    Object action;
    synchronized(mc()) {
      action = ping_actions.get(currentThread());
      if (action instanceof Runnable)
        ping_actions.remove(currentThread());
      if (ping_actions.isEmpty()) ping_anyActions = false;
    }
    
    if (action instanceof Runnable)
      ((Runnable) action).run();
    else if (eq(action, "cancelled"))
      throw fail("Thread cancelled.");
  }
  
  return false;
}
static String baseClassName(String className) {
  return substring(className, className.lastIndexOf('.'));
}

static String baseClassName(Object o) {
  return baseClassName(getClassName(o));
}
static String forward(String bot, String msg, Object... args) {
  return format("please forward to bot *: *", bot, format(msg, args));
}
static long round(double d) {
  return Math.round(d);
}


static Thread currentThread() {
  return Thread.currentThread();
}
static boolean startsWithIgnoreCase(String a, String b) {
  return a != null && a.regionMatches(true, 0, b, 0, b.length());
}
static TimedCache<List<String>> detectGateways_cache = new TimedCache(5);

static synchronized List<String> detectGateways() { try {
 
  if (detectGateways_cache.has()) return detectGateways_cache.getNoClean();

  boolean win = isWindows();
  String s = backtick(win ? "ipconfig" : "ip route show");
  TreeSet<String> ips = new TreeSet<String>();
  for (String line : toLines(s))
    if (indexOfIgnoreCase(line, win ? "Gateway" : "via") >= 0)
      ips.addAll(regexpAll("\\d+\\.\\d+\\.\\d+\\.\\d+", line));
  return detectGateways_cache.set(new ArrayList<String>(ips));

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
static DialogIO talkTo(int port) {
  return talkTo("localhost", port);
}

static int talkTo_defaultTimeout = 10000;

static DialogIO talkTo(String ip, int port) { try {
 
  final Socket s = new Socket();
  s.connect(new InetSocketAddress(ip, port), talkTo_defaultTimeout);
  //print("Talking to " + ip + ":" + port);

  final Writer w = new OutputStreamWriter(s.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
  final BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
  return new DialogIO() {
    boolean isLocalConnection() {
      return s.getInetAddress().isLoopbackAddress();
    }
    
    boolean isStillConnected() {
      return !(eos || s.isClosed());
    }
    
    void sendLine(String line) { try {
 
      w.write(line + "\n");
      w.flush();
    
} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
    
    String readLineImpl() { try {
 
      return in.readLine();
    
} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
    
    void close() {
      try {
        s.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        // whatever
      }
    }
    
    Socket getSocket() {
      return s;
    }
  };

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
static int backtick_exitValue;
static boolean backtick_verbose;

public static String backtick(String cmd) { try {
 
  File outFile = File.createTempFile("_backtick", "");
  File scriptFile = File.createTempFile("_backtick", isWindows() ? ".bat" : "");

  String command = cmd + " >" + bashQuote(outFile.getPath()) + " 2>&1";
  //Log.info("[Backtick] " + command);
  try {
    if (backtick_verbose)
      print("backtick: command " + command);
    saveTextFile(scriptFile.getPath(), command);
    String[] command2;
    if (isWindows())
      command2 = new String[] { scriptFile.getPath() };
    else
      command2 = new String[] { "/bin/bash", scriptFile.getPath() };
    if (backtick_verbose)
      print("backtick: command2 " + structure(command2));
    Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command2);
    try {
      process.waitFor();
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
    backtick_exitValue = process.exitValue();
    if (backtick_verbose)
      System.out.println("Process return code: " + backtick_exitValue);
    String result = loadTextFile(outFile.getPath(), "");
    if (backtick_verbose)
      print("[[\n" + result + "]]");
    return result;
  } finally {
    scriptFile.delete();
  }

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}


static boolean isOnPATH(String cmd) {
  String path = System.getenv("PATH");
  List<String> dirs = splitAt(path, File.pathSeparator);
  String c = isWindows() ? cmd + ".exe" : cmd;
  for (String dir : dirs)
    if (new File(dir, c).isFile())
      return true;
  return false;
}
static Map synchroMap() {
  return synchroHashMap();
}

static <A, B> Map<A, B> synchroMap(Map<A, B> map) {
  return Collections.synchronizedMap(map);
}


public static boolean isWindows() {
  return System.getProperty("os.name").contains("Windows");
}
/** possibly improvable */
static String bashQuote(String text) {
  if (text == null) return null;
  return "\"" + text
    .replace("\\", "\\\\")
    .replace("\"", "\\\"")
    .replace("\n", "\\n")
    .replace("\r", "\\r") + "\"";
}

static String bashQuote(File f) {
  return bashQuote(f.getAbsolutePath());
}
static List<String> splitAt(String s, String splitter) {
  List<String> parts = new ArrayList<String>();
  int i = 0;
  if (s != null)
    while (i < l(s)) {
      int j = indexOf(s, splitter, i);
      if (j < 0) j = l(s);
      parts.add(substring(s, i, j));
      i = j+l(splitter);
    }
  return parts;
}
static List<String> toLines(File f) {
  return toLines(loadTextFile(f));
}

  public static List<String> toLines(String s) {
    List<String> lines = new ArrayList<String>();
    if (s == null) return lines;
    int start = 0;
    while (true) {
      int i = toLines_nextLineBreak(s, start);
      if (i < 0) {
        if (s.length() > start) lines.add(s.substring(start));
        break;
      }

      lines.add(s.substring(start, i));
      if (s.charAt(i) == '\r' && i+1 < s.length() && s.charAt(i+1) == '\n')
        i += 2;
      else
        ++i;

      start = i;
    }
    return lines;
  }

  private static int toLines_nextLineBreak(String s, int start) {
    for (int i = start; i < s.length(); i++) {
      char c = s.charAt(i);
      if (c == '\r' || c == '\n')
        return i;
    }
    return -1;
  }
static List<String> regexpAll(String pattern, String text) {
  List<String> matches = new ArrayList<String>();
  Matcher matcher = Pattern.compile(pattern).matcher(text);
  while (matcher.find())
    matches.add(matcher.group());
  return matches;
}


static <A> int indexOf(List<A> l, A a, int startIndex) {
  if (l == null) return -1;
  for (int i = startIndex; i < l(l); i++)
    if (eq(l.get(i), a))
      return i;
  return -1;
}

static <A> int indexOf(List<A> l, A a) {
  if (l == null) return -1;
  return l.indexOf(a);
}

static int indexOf(String a, String b) {
  return a == null || b == null ? -1 : a.indexOf(b);
}

static int indexOf(String a, String b, int i) {
  return a == null || b == null ? -1 : a.indexOf(b, i);
}

static int indexOf(String a, char b, int i) {
  return a == null ? -1 : a.indexOf(b, i);
}

static int indexOf(String a, int i, String b) {
  return a == null || b == null ? -1 : a.indexOf(b, i);
}

static <A> int indexOf(A[] x, A a) {
  if (x == null) return -1;
  for (int i = 0; i < l(x); i++)
    if (eq(x[i], a))
      return i;
  return -1;
}


static boolean DynamicObject_loading;

static class DynamicObject {
  String className; // just the name, without the "main$"
  Map<String, Object> fieldValues = new TreeMap<String, Object>();
  
  DynamicObject() {}
  // className = just the name, without the "main$"
  DynamicObject(String className) {
  this.className = className;}
}

static class TimedCache<A> {
  long timeout;
  A value;
  long set;
  
  // stats
  int stores, fails, hits;

  // 0 = no timeout  
  TimedCache(double timeoutSeconds) {
    timeout = toMS(timeoutSeconds);
  }
  
  synchronized A set(A a) {
    ++stores;
    value = a;
    set = now();
    return a;
  }
  
  synchronized boolean has() {
    clean();
    if (set != 0) {
      ++hits; return true;
    }
    ++fails; return false;
  }
  
  synchronized A get() {
    clean();
    if (set != 0) ++hits; else ++fails;
    return value;
  }
  
  synchronized A get(Object makerFunction) {
    if (has()) return getNoClean();
    A a = (A) ( callF(makerFunction));
    return set(a);
  }
  
  synchronized A getNoClean() {
    return value;
  }
  
  // clear if timed out
  synchronized void clean() {
    if (timeout > 0 && now() > set+timeout) clear();
  }
  
  // clear now
  synchronized void clear() {
    set = 0;
    value = null;
  }
  
  synchronized String stats() {
    return "Stores: " + stores + ", hits: " + hits + ", fails: " + fails;
  }
}

  static abstract class DialogIO {
    String line;
    boolean eos, loud;
    
    abstract String readLineImpl();
    abstract boolean isStillConnected();
    abstract void sendLine(String line);
    abstract boolean isLocalConnection();
    abstract Socket getSocket();
    abstract void close();
    
    int getPort() { return getSocket().getPort(); }
    
    boolean helloRead;
    
    String readLineNoBlock() {
      String l = line;
      line = null;
      return l;
    }
    
    boolean waitForLine() { try {
 
      if (line != null) return true;
      //print("Readline");
      line = readLineImpl();
      //print("Readline done: " + line);
      if (line == null) eos = true;
      return line != null;
    
} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
    
    String readLine() {
      waitForLine();
      helloRead = true;
      return readLineNoBlock();
    }
    
    String ask(String s, Object... args) {
      if (loud) return askLoudly(s, args);
      if (!helloRead) readLine();
      if (args.length != 0) s = format3(s, args);
      sendLine(s);
      return readLine();
    }
    
    String askLoudly(String s, Object... args) {
      if (!helloRead) readLine();
      if (args.length != 0) s = format3(s, args);
      print("> " + s);
      sendLine(s);
      String answer = readLine();
      print("< " + answer);
      return answer;
    }
    
    void pushback(String l) {
      if (line != null)
        throw fail();
      line = l;
      helloRead = false;
    }
  }
  
  static abstract class DialogHandler {
    abstract void run(DialogIO io);
  }

  static class Matches {
    String[] m;
    String get(int i) { return i < m.length ? m[i] : null; }
    String unq(int i) { return unquote(get(i)); }
    String fsi(int i) { return formatSnippetID(unq(i)); }
    String fsi() { return fsi(0); }
    String tlc(int i) { return unq(i).toLowerCase(); }
    boolean bool(int i) { return "true".equals(unq(i)); }
    String rest() { return m[m.length-1]; } // for matchStart
    int psi(int i) { return Integer.parseInt(unq(i)); }
  }


static class MultiMap<A,B> {
  Map<A, List<B>> data = new HashMap<A, List<B>>();
  
  MultiMap() {}
  MultiMap(boolean useTreeMap) { if (useTreeMap) data = new TreeMap(); }
  MultiMap(MultiMap<A, B> map) { putAll(map); }

  synchronized void put(A key, B value) {
    List<B> list = data.get(key);
    if (list == null)
      data.put(key, list = new ArrayList<B>());
    list.add(value);
  }

  synchronized void addAll(A key, Collection<B> values) {
    putAll(key, values);
  }
  
  synchronized void addAllIfNotThere(A key, Collection<B> values) {
    for (B value : values)
      setPut(key, value);
  }
  
  synchronized void setPut(A key, B value) {
    if (!containsPair(key, value))
      put(key, value);
  }
  
  synchronized boolean containsPair(A key, B value) {
    return get(key).contains(value);
  }
  
  synchronized void putAll(A key, Collection<B> values) {
    for (B value : values)
      put(key, value);
  }

  synchronized void removeAll(A key, Collection<B> values) {
    for (B value : values)
      remove(key, value);
  }
  
  synchronized List<B> get(A key) {
    List<B> list = data.get(key);
    return list == null ? Collections.<B> emptyList() : list;
  }

  // returns actual mutable live list
  // creates the list if not there
  synchronized List<B> getActual(A key) {
    List<B> list = data.get(key);
    if (list == null)
      data.put(key, list = litlist());
    return list;
  }
 
  synchronized void clean(A key) {
    List<B> list = data.get(key);
    if (list != null && list.isEmpty())
      data.remove(key);
  }

  synchronized Set<A> keySet() {
    return data.keySet();
  }

  synchronized Set<A> keys() {
    return data.keySet();
  }

  synchronized void remove(A key) {
    data.remove(key);
  }

  synchronized void remove(A key, B value) {
    List<B> list = data.get(key);
    if (list != null) {
      list.remove(value);
      if (list.isEmpty())
        data.remove(key);
    }
  }

  synchronized void clear() {
    data.clear();
  }

  synchronized boolean containsKey(A key) {
    return data.containsKey(key);
  }

  synchronized B getFirst(A key) {
    List<B> list = get(key);
    return list.isEmpty() ? null : list.get(0);
  }
  
  synchronized void putAll(MultiMap<A, B> map) {
    for (A key : map.keySet())
      putAll(key, map.get(key));
  }
  
  // note: expensive operation
  synchronized int size() {
    int n = 0;
    for (List l : data.values())
      n += l(l);
    return n;
  }
  
  // expensive operation
  synchronized List<A> reverseGet(B b) {
    List<A> l = new ArrayList<A>();
    for (A key : data.keySet())
      if (data.get(key).contains(b))
        l.add(key);
    return l;
  }
  
  synchronized Map<A, List<B>> asMap() {
    return cloneMap(data);
  }
}

// patterns last so we can use var args
static boolean matchOneOf(String s, Matches m, String... pats) {
  for (String pat : pats)
    if (match(pat, s, m)) return true; return false;
}

static boolean matchOneOf(String s, String... pats) {
  return matchOneOf(s, null, pats);
}
static String fsi(String id) {
  return formatSnippetID(id);
}
static long toMS(double seconds) {
  return (long) (seconds*1000);
}
static boolean match(String pat, String s) {
  return match3(pat, s);
}

static boolean match(String pat, String s, Matches matches) {
  return match3(pat, s, matches);
}


}