import java.math.*;
import javax.imageio.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.security.spec.*;
import java.security.*;
import java.lang.management.*;
import java.lang.ref.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
import javax.swing.table.*;
import javax.swing.text.*;
import javax.swing.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.regex.*;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.zip.*;
import java.util.*;
public class main {
static String formatSnippetID(String id) {
  return "#" + parseSnippetID(id);
}

static String formatSnippetID(long id) {
  return "#" + id;
}

  static class Matches {
    String[] m;
    String get(int i) { return m[i]; }
    String unq(int i) { return unquote(m[i]); }
    String fsi(int i) { return formatSnippetID(unq(i)); }
    boolean bool(int i) { return "true".equals(unq(i)); }
    String rest() { return m[m.length-1]; } // for matchStart
    int psi(int i) { return Integer.parseInt(unq(i)); }
  }


  static abstract class DialogIO {
    String line;
    boolean eos;
    
    abstract String readLineImpl();
    abstract boolean isStillConnected();
    abstract void sendLine(String line);
    abstract boolean isLocalConnection();
    abstract Socket getSocket();
    abstract void close();
    
    int getPort() { return getSocket().getPort(); }
    
    boolean helloRead;
    
    String readLineNoBlock() {
      String l = line;
      line = null;
      return l;
    }
    
    boolean waitForLine() { try {
 
      if (line != null) return true;
      //print("Readline");
      line = readLineImpl();
      //print("Readline done: " + line);
      if (line == null) eos = true;
      return line != null;
    
} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
    
    String readLine() {
      waitForLine();
      helloRead = true;
      return readLineNoBlock();
    }
    
    String ask(String s, Object... args) {
      if (!helloRead) readLine();
      if (args.length != 0) s = format3(s, args);
      sendLine(s);
      return readLine();
    }
    
    String askLoudly(String s, Object... args) {
      if (!helloRead) readLine();
      if (args.length != 0) s = format3(s, args);
      print("> " + s);
      sendLine(s);
      String answer = readLine();
      print("< " + answer);
      return answer;
    }
    
    void pushback(String l) {
      if (line != null)
        fail();
      line = l;
      helloRead = false;
    }
  }
  
  static abstract class DialogHandler {
    abstract void run(DialogIO io);
  }

// parser explainer
static class Explain {
  static List<String> primitiveClasses = litlist("quoted", "identifier", "any", "int");
  
  Object parseResult;
  List<String> tok;
  List e;
  List<Explain> subs = new ArrayList<Explain>();
  
  static boolean debug;
  
  Explain(Object parseResult, List e) {
  this.e = e;
  this.parseResult = parseResult;
    tok = (List) get(parseResult, "tok");
    makeSubExplains();
  }
  
  void makeSubExplains() {
    for (int i = 4; i < l(e); i++) {
      List sub = (List) ( get(e, i));
      int t1 = (int) get(sub, 0);
      int t2 = (int) get(sub, 1);
      String className = getString(sub, 2);
      List subE = sub;
      if (!primitiveClasses.contains(className))
        subE = (List) call(parseResult, "explainFull", t1, t2, className);
      if (debug)
        printF("Explaining * * * => *", t1, t2, className, subE);
      if (subE == null)
        subs.add(null);
      else
        subs.add(new Explain(parseResult, subE));
    }
  }
  
  String className() {
    return getString(e, 2);
  }
  
  int fromToken() {
    return (int) get(e, 0);
  }
  
  int toToken() {
    return (int) get(e, 1);
  }
  
  // return tokens, padded with empty non-code tokens first and last
  // to make actual CNC
  List<String> tok() {
    return concatLists(
      litlist(""),
      subList(tok, fromToken(), toToken()-1),
      litlist(""));
  }
  
  String string() {
    return join(subList(tok, fromToken(), toToken()-1));
  }
  
  boolean containsToken(String t) {
    return main.containsToken(tok(), t);
  }
  
  void findAll(String className, List<String> out) {
    if (eq(className, className()))
      out.add(string());
    else // << this is new - don't recurse
      for (Explain e : subs)
        if (e != null)
          e.findAll(className, out);
  }
  
  List<String> findAll(String className) {
    List<String> l = new ArrayList<String>();
    findAll(className, l);
    return l;
  }
  
  // short for findFirst
  Explain find(String className) {
    return findFirst(className);
  }
  
  Explain findFirst(String className) {
    if (eq(className, className()))
      return this;
    return findFirstSub(className);
  }
  
  // find class, but exclude myself
  Explain findFirstSub(String className) {
    for (Explain e : subs)
      if (e != null) {
        Explain result = e.findFirst(className);
        if (result != null) return result;
      }
    return null;
  }
  
  boolean has(String className) {
    return findFirst(className) != null;
  }
  
  boolean hasSub(String className) {
    return findFirstSub(className) != null;
  }
  
  void findAll2(String className, List<Explain> out) {
    if (eq(className, className()))
      out.add(this);
    for (Explain e : subs)
      if (e != null)
        e.findAll2(className, out);
  }
  
  List<Explain> findAll2(String className) {
    List<Explain> l = new ArrayList<Explain>();
    findAll2(className, l);
    return l;
  }
  
  // short for pruneSubs
  Explain prune(String className) {
    return pruneSubs(className);
  }
  
  // returns self after pruning
  Explain pruneSubs(String className) {
    for (int i = 0; i < l(subs); ) {
      Explain e = sub(i);
      if (e == null) ++i;
      else if (eq(e.className(), className))
        subs.remove(i);
      else {
        e.pruneSubs(className);
        ++i;
      }
    }
    return this;
  }
  
  Explain sub(int i) {
    return get(subs, i);
  }
}

// returns null if className is not a parsed main class
static Explain explainParse(Object parseResult, String className) {
  List exp = (List) ( call(parseResult, "explainFull", className));
  if (exp == null) return null;
  return new Explain(parseResult, exp);
}

static String findBestMatch(String query, List<String> cmds) {
  query = query.toLowerCase();
  Map<String, Integer> map = new TreeMap<String, Integer>();
  for (String cmd : cmds)
    map.put(cmd, l(commonPrefix(cmd.toLowerCase(), query)));
  return highest(map);
}


static boolean printNulls = true, full = true;

static List<String> inputs = toLinesFullTrim("\n  hello\n  \"hello!\"\n  hello you\n  hello < you\n  [hello]\n  [hello] [you]\n  [hello < you]\n  \n  [ ? < Is < it < safe < to < allow [PowerTOP] to [make < all < the < changes < located on < the < Tunables < tab] ]\n  [ I < was < going to < create < a < startup script < for < it ]\n");

static String snlRules = "\n  // highest (strongest binding) level \n  <identifier> = idword\n  <quoted> = subword\n  ? = idword\n  \n  <subword> = word\n  <idword> = word\n  \n  // juxtaposition on highest level\n  <word> <word> = word\n  \n  // bracketing takes us to highest level\n  [ <lowest> ] = subword\n  ( <lowest> ) = subword\n  \n  // < is intermediate\n  <word> = arrows\n  <word> < <arrows> = arrows\n  \n  = lowest // allow empty here\n  <arrows> = lowest\n";

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
  for (String input : inputs) {
    Explain exp = full
      ? explainFull(input, snlRules, "lowest")
      : explain(input, snlRules, "lowest");
    print();
    print("PARSING: " + input);
    print();
    if (exp == null)
      print("No parse");
    else {
      //printStructure(exp.e);
      printTree(0, exp);
    }
    print();
  }
}

static void printTree(int indent, Explain e) {
  if (e == null) {
    // this would print "null" for every <identifier> etc
    if (printNulls)
      print(indent(indent) + "null");
  } else {
    print(indent(indent) + e.className() + " | " + e.string());
    for (Explain sub : e.subs)
      printTree(indent+2, sub);
  }
}


static Explain explain(String input, String rules, String className) {
  Object parseResult = parse1(input, rules);
  List e = (List) ( call(parseResult, "explain", className));
  if (e == null) return null;
  return new Explain(parseResult, e);
}


static StringBuffer print_log;

static void print() {
  print("");
}

static void print(Object o) {
  String s = String.valueOf(o) + "\n";
  synchronized(StringBuffer.class) {
    if (print_log == null) print_log = new StringBuffer();
  }
  print_log.append(s);
  System.out.print(s);
}

static void print(long l) {
  print(String.valueOf(l));
}

static List<String> toLinesFullTrim(String s) {
  List<String> l = toLines(s);
  for (ListIterator<String> i = l.listIterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
    String line = i.next().trim();
    if (line.length() == 0)
      i.remove();
    else
      i.set(line);
  }
  return l;
}

static String indent(int indent) {
  return repeat(' ', indent);
}

static String indent(int indent, String s) {
  return indent(repeat(' ', indent), s);
}

static String indent(String indent, String s) {
  return indent + s.replace("\n", "\n" + indent);
}

static List<String> indent(String indent, List<String> lines) {
  List<String> l = new ArrayList<String>();
  for (String s : lines)
    l.add(indent + s);
  return l;
}

static Explain explainFull(String input, String rules, String className) {
  Object parseResult = parse1(input, rules);
  List e = (List) ( call(parseResult, "explainFull", className));
  if (e == null) return null;
  return new Explain(parseResult, e);
}


  // varargs assignment fixer for a single string array argument
  static Object call(Object o, String method, String[] arg) {
    return call(o, method, new Object[] {arg});
  }
  
  static Object call(Object o, String method, Object... args) {
    try {
      if (o instanceof Class) {
        Method m = call_findStaticMethod((Class) o, method, args, false);
        m.setAccessible(true);
        return m.invoke(null, args);
      } else {
        Method m = call_findMethod(o, method, args, false);
        m.setAccessible(true);
        return m.invoke(o, args);
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) e : new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

  static Method call_findStaticMethod(Class c, String method, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    Class _c = c;
    while (c != null) {
      for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods()) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Checking method " + m.getName() + " with " + m.getParameterTypes().length + " parameters");;
        if (!m.getName().equals(method)) {
          if (debug) System.out.println("Method name mismatch: " + method);
          continue;
        }

        if ((m.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0 || !call_checkArgs(m, args, debug))
          continue;

        return m;
      }
      c = c.getSuperclass();
    }
    throw new RuntimeException("Method '" + method + "' (static) with " + args.length + " parameter(s) not found in " + _c.getName());
  }

  static Method call_findMethod(Object o, String method, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    Class c = o.getClass();
    while (c != null) {
      for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods()) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Checking method " + m.getName() + " with " + m.getParameterTypes().length + " parameters");;
        if (m.getName().equals(method) && call_checkArgs(m, args, debug))
          return m;
      }
      c = c.getSuperclass();
    }
    throw new RuntimeException("Method '" + method + "' (non-static) with " + args.length + " parameter(s) not found in " + o.getClass().getName());
  }

  private static boolean call_checkArgs(Method m, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    Class<?>[] types = m.getParameterTypes();
    if (types.length != args.length) {
      if (debug)
        System.out.println("Bad parameter length: " + args.length + " vs " + types.length);
      return false;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++)
      if (!(args[i] == null || isInstanceX(types[i], args[i]))) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Bad parameter " + i + ": " + args[i] + " vs " + types[i]);
        return false;
      }
    return true;
  }



static Object parse1_parser;

// only parse, no explain
static synchronized Object parse1(String text, String rules) {
  if (parse1_parser == null)
    parse1_parser = run_overBot("#1002472");
  //setOpt(parse1_parser, "debug", true);
  return call(parse1_parser, "parse", text, rules);
}

  static String repeat(char c, int n) {
    char[] chars = new char[n];
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
      chars[i] = c;
    return new String(chars);
  }

  static <A> List<A> repeat(A a, int n) {
    List<A> l = new ArrayList<A>();
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
      l.add(a);
    return l;
  }


static List<String> toLines(File f) {
  return toLines(loadTextFile(f));
}

  public static List<String> toLines(String s) {
    List<String> lines = new ArrayList<String>();
    if (s == null) return lines;
    int start = 0;
    while (true) {
      int i = toLines_nextLineBreak(s, start);
      if (i < 0) {
        if (s.length() > start) lines.add(s.substring(start));
        break;
      }

      lines.add(s.substring(start, i));
      if (s.charAt(i) == '\r' && i+1 < s.length() && s.charAt(i+1) == '\n')
        i += 2;
      else
        ++i;

      start = i;
    }
    return lines;
  }

  private static int toLines_nextLineBreak(String s, int start) {
    for (int i = start; i < s.length(); i++) {
      char c = s.charAt(i);
      if (c == '\r' || c == '\n')
        return i;
    }
    return -1;
  }

// extended over Class.isInstance() to handle primitive types
static boolean isInstanceX(Class type, Object arg) {
  if (type == boolean.class) return arg instanceof Boolean;
  if (type == int.class) return arg instanceof Integer;
  if (type == long.class) return arg instanceof Long;
  if (type == float.class) return arg instanceof Float;
  if (type == short.class) return arg instanceof Short;
  if (type == char.class) return arg instanceof Character;
  if (type == byte.class) return arg instanceof Byte;
  if (type == double.class) return arg instanceof Double;
  return type.isInstance(arg);
}

  public static String loadTextFile(String fileName) {
    try {
      return loadTextFile(fileName, null);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }
  
  public static String loadTextFile(String fileName, String defaultContents) throws IOException {
    if (!new File(fileName).exists())
      return defaultContents;

    FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(fileName);
    InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(fileInputStream, "UTF-8");
    return loadTextFile(inputStreamReader);
  }
  
  public static String loadTextFile(File fileName) {
    try {
      return loadTextFile(fileName, null);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

  public static String loadTextFile(File fileName, String defaultContents) throws IOException {
    try {
      return loadTextFile(fileName.getPath(), defaultContents);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }
  
  public static String loadTextFile(Reader reader) throws IOException {
    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
    try {
      char[] buffer = new char[1024];
      int n;
      while (-1 != (n = reader.read(buffer)))
        builder.append(buffer, 0, n);
        
    } finally {
      reader.close();
    }
    return builder.toString();
  }

static Class run_overBot(String progID) {
  Class main = hotwire_overBot(progID);
  callMain(main);
  return main;
}

static Class<?> hotwire_overBot(String progID) { try {
 
  String compilerBot = "Compiler Bot with caching!";
  startBot(compilerBot, "#1002203");
  
  String s = sendToLocalBot_cached(compilerBot, "please compile this javax snippet: *", progID);
  Matches m = new Matches();
  print(s);
  assertTrue(s, match("ok, *", s, m));
  String jarPath = m.unq(0);
  File jar = new File(jarPath);
  assertTrue(jar.getAbsolutePath(), jar.isFile());
  
  // collect urls (program + libraries)
  
  List<URL> urls = litlist(jar.toURI().toURL());
  String dehlibs = unnull(loadTextFileFromZip(jar, "libraries"));
  
  Matcher matcher = Pattern.compile("\\d+").matcher(dehlibs);
  while (matcher.find()) {
    String libID = matcher.group();
    urls.add(loadLibrary(libID).toURI().toURL());
  }

  // make class loader
  URLClassLoader classLoader = new URLClassLoader(urls.toArray(new URL[l(urls)]));

  // load & return main class
  Class<?> theClass = classLoader.loadClass("main");
  
  Class j = getJavaX();
  
  String src = loadTextFileFromZip(jar, "main.java");
  call(j, "registerSourceCode", theClass, src);
  
  synchronized(j) { // hopefully this goes well...
    call(j, "setVars", theClass, progID);
    callOpt(j, "addInstance", progID, theClass);
  }
  
  synchronized(StringBuffer.class) {
    Object print_log = get(getMainClass(), "print_log");
    assertTrue(print_log != null);
    setOpt(theClass, "print_log", print_log);
  }

  return theClass;

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

static void callMain(Object c, String... args) {
  callOpt(c, "main", new Object[] {args});
}

static String loadTextFileFromZip(File inZip, String fileName) {
  return loadTextFileFromZipFile(inZip, fileName);
}

  static Object callOpt(Object o, String method, Object... args) {
    try {
      if (o == null) return null;
      if (o instanceof Class) {
        Method m = callOpt_findStaticMethod((Class) o, method, args, false);
        if (m == null) return null;
        m.setAccessible(true);
        return m.invoke(null, args);
      } else {
        Method m = callOpt_findMethod(o, method, args, false);
        if (m == null) return null;
        m.setAccessible(true);
        return m.invoke(o, args);
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

  static Method callOpt_findStaticMethod(Class c, String method, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    Class _c = c;
    while (c != null) {
      for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods()) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Checking method " + m.getName() + " with " + m.getParameterTypes().length + " parameters");;
        if (!m.getName().equals(method)) {
          if (debug) System.out.println("Method name mismatch: " + method);
          continue;
        }

        if ((m.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0 || !callOpt_checkArgs(m, args, debug))
          continue;

        return m;
      }
      c = c.getSuperclass();
    }
    return null;
  }

  static Method callOpt_findMethod(Object o, String method, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    Class c = o.getClass();
    while (c != null) {
      for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods()) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Checking method " + m.getName() + " with " + m.getParameterTypes().length + " parameters");;
        if (m.getName().equals(method) && callOpt_checkArgs(m, args, debug))
          return m;
      }
      c = c.getSuperclass();
    }
    return null;
  }

  private static boolean callOpt_checkArgs(Method m, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    Class<?>[] types = m.getParameterTypes();
    if (types.length != args.length) {
      if (debug)
        System.out.println("Bad parameter length: " + args.length + " vs " + types.length);
      return false;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++)
      if (!(args[i] == null || isInstanceX(types[i], args[i]))) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Bad parameter " + i + ": " + args[i] + " vs " + types[i]);
        return false;
      }
    return true;
  }




  static String unnull(String s) {
    return s == null ? "" : s;
  }
  
  static List unnull(List l) {
    return l == null ? emptyList() : l;
  }

static String sendToLocalBot_cached(String botName, String s, Object... args) {
  DialogIO io = newFindBot(botName);
  if (io == null)
    fail("Bot not found: " + botName);
  try {
    return io.ask(s, args);
  } finally {
    io.close();
  }
}

static void assertTrue(Object o) {
  assertEquals(true, o);
}
  
static boolean assertTrue(String msg, boolean b) {
  if (!b)
    fail(msg);
  return b;
}

static boolean assertTrue(boolean b) {
  if (!b)
    fail("oops");
  return b;
}

static <A> ArrayList<A> litlist(A... a) {
  return new ArrayList<A>(Arrays.asList(a));
}

// get purpose 1: access a list/array (safer version of x.get(y))

static <A> A get(List<A> l, int idx) {
  return idx >= 0 && idx < l(l) ? l.get(idx) : null;
}

static <A> A get(A[] l, int idx) {
  return idx >= 0 && idx < l(l) ? l[idx] : null;
}

// get purpose 2: access a field by reflection or a map

static Object get(Object o, String field) {
  if (o instanceof Class) return get((Class) o, field);
  
  if (o instanceof Map)
    return ((Map) o).get(field);
    
  if (o.getClass().getName().equals("main$DynamicObject"))
    return call(get_raw(o, "fieldValues"), "get", field);
    
  return get_raw(o, field);
}

static Object get_raw(Object o, String field) {
  try {
    Field f = get_findField(o.getClass(), field);
    f.setAccessible(true);
    return f.get(o);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static Object get(Class c, String field) {
  try {
    Field f = get_findStaticField(c, field);
    f.setAccessible(true);
    return f.get(null);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static Field get_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  throw new RuntimeException("Static field '" + field + "' not found in " + c.getName());
}

static Field get_findField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field))
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  throw new RuntimeException("Field '" + field + "' not found in " + c.getName());
}

static Class __javax;

static Class getJavaX() {
  return __javax;
}

static Class getMainClass() { try {
 
  return Class.forName("main");

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

static File loadLibrary(String snippetID) {
  return loadBinarySnippet(snippetID);
}

static boolean match(String pat, String s) {
  return match3(pat, s);
}

static boolean match(String pat, String s, Matches matches) {
  return match3(pat, s, matches);
}


static int l(Object[] array) {
  return array == null ? 0 : array.length;
}

static int l(byte[] array) {
  return array == null ? 0 : array.length;
}

static int l(int[] array) {
  return array == null ? 0 : array.length;
}

static int l(char[] array) {
  return array == null ? 0 : array.length;
}

static int l(Collection c) {
  return c == null ? 0 : c.size();
}

static int l(Map m) {
  return m == null ? 0 : m.size();
}

static int l(String s) {
  return s == null ? 0 : s.length();
} 



  static void setOpt(Object o, String field, Object value) {
    if (o instanceof Class) setOpt((Class) o, field, value);
    else try {
      Field f = setOpt_findField(o.getClass(), field);
      if (f != null)
        smartSet(f, o, value);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }
  
  static void setOpt(Class c, String field, Object value) {
    try {
      Field f = setOpt_findStaticField(c, field);
      if (f != null)
        smartSet(f, null, value);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }
  
  static Field setOpt_findField(Class<?> c, String field) {
    for (Field f : c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field))
        return f;
    return null;
  }
  
  static Field setOpt_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
    for (Field f : c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        return f;
    return null;
  }

static Map<String, String> startBot_assignments = new TreeMap<String, String>();

static void startBot(String botName, String botID) {
  DialogIO bot = newFindBot(botName);
  if (bot != null)
    bot.close();
  else {
    print("Bot " + quote(botName) + " not found. Starting " + botID);
    javaxBot(botID);
    waitForBotStartUp(botName);
  }
}

static void startBot(String botIDOrName) {
  String botID = startBot_assignments.get(botIDOrName);
  if (botID != null)
    startBot(botIDOrName, botID);
  else {
    String botName = getBotNameFromSnippet(botIDOrName);
    if (botName == null) fail("Bot name not found in source of " + botID);
    startBot(botName, botIDOrName);
  }
}


  // class Matches is added by #752
 
  static boolean match3(String pat, String s) {
    return match3(pat, s, null);
  }
  
  static boolean match3(String pat, String s, Matches matches) {
    if (s == null) return false;
    return match3(pat, parse3(s), matches);
  }
    
  static boolean match3(String pat, List<String> toks, Matches matches) {
    List<String> tokpat = parse3(pat);
    return match3(tokpat,toks,matches);
  }

  static boolean match3(List<String> tokpat, List<String> toks, Matches matches) {

    String[] m = match2(tokpat, toks);
    //print(structure(tokpat) + " on " + structure(toks) + " => " + structure(m));
    if (m == null)
      return false;
    else {
      if (matches != null) matches.m = m;
      return true;
    }
  }

static List emptyList() {
  return Collections.emptyList();
}

  static String quote(String s) {
    if (s == null) return "null";
    return "\"" + s.replace("\\", "\\\\").replace("\"", "\\\"").replace("\r", "\\r").replace("\n", "\\n") + "\"";
  }
  
  static String quote(long l) {
    return quote("" + l);
  }


static int newFindBot_botVM;

static synchronized DialogIO newFindBot(String name) {
  if (newFindBot_botVM == 0) {
    print("Looking for Bot VM.");
    List<ProgramScan.Program> botVMs = quickBotScan("This is a JavaX VM. Bot VM.");
    if (!botVMs.isEmpty()) {
      newFindBot_botVM = botVMs.get(0).port;
      print("Bot VM is at port " + newFindBot_botVM + ".");
    }
  }
  
  if (newFindBot_botVM != 0) {
    DialogIO io = talkTo(newFindBot_botVM);
    String q = format("has bot *", name);
    String s = io.ask(q);
    //print(format("Answer of Bot VM to *: *", q, s));
    
    if (match("yes", s)) {
      io = talkToSubBot(name, io);
      call(io, "pushback", "?"); // put some hello string in (yes, this should be improved.)
      return io;
    }
  }
  
  return findBot(name);
}

static void smartSet(Field f, Object o, Object value) throws Exception {
  f.setAccessible(true);
  
  // take care of common case (long to int)
  if (f.getType() == int.class && value instanceof Long)
    value = ((Long) value).intValue();
    
  f.set(o, value);
}

static void assertEquals(Object x, Object y) {
  assertEquals(null, x, y);
}

static void assertEquals(String msg, Object x, Object y) {
  if (!(x == null ? y == null : x.equals(y)))
    fail((msg != null ? msg + ": " : "") + structure(x) + " != " + structure(y));
}

static String loadTextFileFromZipFile(File inZip, String fileName) { try {
 
  ZipFile zip = new ZipFile(inZip);
  try {
    ZipEntry entry = zip.getEntry(fileName);
    if (entry == null)
      //fail("Entry " + fileName + " not found in zip file: " + inZip.getAbsolutePath());
      return null;
      
    InputStream fin = zip.getInputStream(entry);
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    copyStream(fin, baos);
    fin.close();
    return fromUTF8(baos.toByteArray());
  } finally {
    zip.close();
  }

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

  // covers the common cases
  static String getBotNameFromSnippet(String programID) { try {
 
    String src = loadSnippet(programID);
    List<String> tok = javaTok(src);
    String[] m;
    for (String pat : litlist(
      "new Android3(*",
      "makeAndroid(*", "makeAndroid3(*", "makeSilentAndroid(*",
      "addToMultiPort(*")) {
      m = find2(javaTok(pat), tok);
      if (m != null && isQuoted(m[0])) return unquote(m[0]);
    }
    return null;
  
} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

  static RuntimeException fail() {
    throw new RuntimeException("fail");
  }
  
  static RuntimeException fail(Object msg) {
    throw new RuntimeException(String.valueOf(msg));
  }
  
  static RuntimeException fail(String msg) {
    throw new RuntimeException(unnull(msg));
  }
    
  static RuntimeException fail(String msg, Object... args) {
    throw new RuntimeException(format(msg, args));
  }

static void javaxBot(String botID) {
  startBotVM();
  if (injectTo("Bot VM", botID) == null)
    fail("Couldn't inject to Bot VM");
    //nohupJavax(botID);
}

static long waitForBotStartUp_timeoutSeconds = 60;

// returns address or fails
static String waitForBotStartUp(String botName) {
  for (int i = 0; i < waitForBotStartUp_timeoutSeconds; i++) {
    sleepSeconds(i == 0 ? 0 : 1);
    String addr = getBotAddress(botName);
    if (addr != null)
      return addr;
  }
  throw fail("Bot not found: " + quote(botName));
}

static File loadBinarySnippet(String snippetID) { try {
 
  long id = parseSnippetID(snippetID);
  File f = DiskSnippetCache_getLibrary(id);
  if (f == null) {
    byte[] data = loadDataSnippetImpl(snippetID);
    DiskSnippetCache_putLibrary(id, data);
    f = DiskSnippetCache_getLibrary(id);
  }
  return f;

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

// match2 matches multiple "*" (matches a single token) wildcards and zero or one "..." wildcards (matches multiple tokens)

static String[] match2(List<String> pat, List<String> tok) {
  // standard case (no ...)
  int i = pat.indexOf("...");
  if (i < 0) return match2_match(pat, tok);
  
  pat = new ArrayList<String>(pat); // We're modifying it, so copy first
  pat.set(i, "*");
  while (pat.size() < tok.size()) {
    pat.add(i, "*");
    pat.add(i+1, ""); // doesn't matter
  }
  
  return match2_match(pat, tok);
}

static String[] match2_match(List<String> pat, List<String> tok) {
  List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
  if (pat.size() != tok.size()) {
    /*if (debug)
      print("Size mismatch: " + structure(pat) + " vs " + structure(tok));*/
    return null;
  }
  for (int i = 1; i < pat.size(); i += 2) {
    String p = pat.get(i), t = tok.get(i);
    /*if (debug)
      print("Checking " + p + " against " + t);*/
    if (eq(p, "*"))
      result.add(t);
    else if (!equalsIgnoreCase(unquote(p), unquote(t))) // bold change - match quoted and unquoted now
      return null;
  }
  return result.toArray(new String[result.size()]);
}


static class Injection {
  int vmPort;
  String injectionID;
}

static Injection injectTo(int vmPort, String progID) {
  return injectTo(String.valueOf(vmPort), progID);
}

static Injection injectTo(String vmName, String progID) {
  String line = format3("Please inject program *.", progID);
  
  DialogIO injectionPoint = findBot(isInteger(vmName) ? vmName : "This is a JavaX VM. " + vmName);
  if (injectionPoint == null) return null;
  try {
    injectionPoint.readLine();
    String answer = injectionPoint.askLoudly(line);
    Matches m = new Matches();
    if (match3("OK. Injection ID: *", answer, m)) {
      Injection i = new Injection();
      i.vmPort = injectionPoint.getSocket().getPort();
      i.injectionID = m.unq(0);
      return i;
    }
    throw fail(answer);
  } finally {
    injectionPoint.close();
  }
}

// supports the usual quotings (', ", variable length double brackets)
static boolean isQuoted(String s) {
  if (s.startsWith("'") || s.startsWith("\"")) return true;
  if (!s.startsWith("[")) return false;
  int i = 1;
  while (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '=') ++i;
  return i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '[';
  //return Pattern.compile("^\\[=*\\[").matcher(s).find();
}

  static String format(String pat, Object... args) {
    return format3(pat, args);
  }


static DialogIO talkTo(int port) {
  return talkTo("localhost", port);
}

static DialogIO talkTo(String ip, int port) { try {
 
  final Socket s = new Socket(ip, port);    
  //print("Talking to " + ip + ":" + port);

  final Writer w = new OutputStreamWriter(s.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
  final BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
  return new DialogIO() {
    boolean isLocalConnection() {
      return s.getInetAddress().isLoopbackAddress();
    }
    
    boolean isStillConnected() {
      return !(eos || s.isClosed());
    }
    
    void sendLine(String line) { try {
 
      w.write(line + "\n");
      w.flush();
    
} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
    
    String readLineImpl() { try {
 
      return in.readLine();
    
} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
    
    void close() {
      try {
        s.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        // whatever
      }
    }
    
    Socket getSocket() {
      return s;
    }
  };

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

static DialogIO talkToSubBot(final long vport, final DialogIO io) {
  return talkToSubBot(String.valueOf(vport), io);
}

static DialogIO talkToSubBot(final String subBot, final DialogIO io) {
  if (subBot == null) return io;
  
  return new DialogIO() {
    // delegate all but sendLine
    boolean isStillConnected() { return io.isStillConnected(); }
    String readLineImpl() { return io.readLineImpl(); }
    boolean isLocalConnection() { return io.isLocalConnection(); }
    Socket getSocket() { return io.getSocket(); }
    void close() { io.close(); }

    void sendLine(String line) {
      io.sendLine(format3("please forward to bot *: *", subBot, line));
    }
  };
}

static int getBotAddress_timeout = 5000;

static String getBotAddress(String searchPattern) {
  String subBot = "";
  int i = searchPattern.indexOf('/');
  if (i >= 0 && (isJavaIdentifier(searchPattern.substring(0, i)) || isInteger(searchPattern.substring(0, i)))) {
    subBot = searchPattern.substring(i);
    searchPattern = searchPattern.substring(0, i);
    if (!isInteger(searchPattern))
      searchPattern = "Multi-Port at " + searchPattern + ".";
  }
  
  // assume it's a port if it's an integer
  if (isInteger(searchPattern))
    return searchPattern + subBot;
    
  Integer port = findBot_cache.get(searchPattern);
  if (port != null) try {
    DialogIO io = talkTo("localhost", port);
    try {
      io.waitForLine(/*getBotAddress_timeout*/); // TODO: implement
      String line = io.readLineNoBlock();
      if (startsWithIgnoreCase(line, searchPattern))
        return port + subBot;
    } finally {
      io.close();
    }
  } catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  }
  
  List<ProgramScan.Program> bots = quickBotScan();
  
  // find top-level bots
  for (ProgramScan.Program p : bots) {
    if (indexOfIgnoreCase(p.helloString, searchPattern) == 0) { // strict matching - start of hello string only, but case-insensitive
      return p.port + subBot;
    }
  }
  
  // find sub-bots
  for (ProgramScan.Program p : bots) {
    String botName = firstPartOfHelloString(p.helloString);
    boolean isVM = startsWithIgnoreCase(p.helloString, "This is a JavaX VM.");
    boolean shouldRecurse = startsWithIgnoreCase(botName, "Multi-Port") || isVM;
        
    if (shouldRecurse) try {
      Map<Number, String> subBots = (Map) unstructure(sendToLocalBot(p.port, "list bots"));
      for (Number vport : subBots.keySet()) {
        String name = subBots.get(vport);
        if (startsWithIgnoreCase(name, searchPattern))
          return p.port + "/" + vport;
      }
    } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
  }
        
  return null;
}

static void sleepSeconds(long s) {
  if (s > 0) sleep(s*1000);
}


static class ProgramScan {
  static int threads = isWindows() ? 500 : 10;
  static int timeout = 5000; // hmm...
  static String ip = "127.0.0.1";
  static int quickScanFrom = 10000, quickScanTo = 10999;
  static int maxNumberOfBotPorts = 100;
  static boolean verbose;
  
  static class Program {
    int port;
    String helloString;
    
    Program(int port, String helloString) {
  this.helloString = helloString;
  this.port = port;}
  }
  
  static List<Program> scan() { try {
 
    return scan(1, 65535);
  
} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
  
  static List<Program> scan(int fromPort, int toPort) {
    return scan(fromPort, toPort, new int[0]);
  }
  
  static List<Program> scan(int fromPort, int toPort, int[] preferredPorts) { try {
 
    Set<Integer> preferredPortsSet = new HashSet<Integer>(asList(preferredPorts));
    String name = toPort < 10000 ? "bot" : "program";
    final ExecutorService es = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threads);
    if (verbose) print(firstToUpper(name) + "-scanning " + ip + " with timeout " + timeout + " ms in " + threads + " threads.");
    startTiming();
    List<Future<Program>> futures = new ArrayList<Future<Program>>();
    for (int port : preferredPorts)
      futures.add(checkPort(es, ip, port, timeout));
    for (int port = fromPort; port <= toPort; port++)
      if (!preferredPortsSet.contains(port))
        futures.add(checkPort(es, ip, port, timeout));
    es.shutdown();
    List<Program> programs = new ArrayList<Program>();
    for (final Future<Program> f : futures) {
      Program p = f.get();
      if (p != null)
        programs.add(p);
    }
    stopTiming();
    if (verbose) print("Found " + programs.size() + " " + name + "(s) on " + ip);
    return programs;
  
} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

  static Future<Program> checkPort(final ExecutorService es, final String ip, final int port, final int timeout) {
    return es.submit(new Callable<Program>() {
        @Override public Program call() {
          try {
            Socket socket = new Socket();
            socket.setSoTimeout(timeout);
            socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(ip, port), timeout);
            if (verbose) print("Connected to " + ip + ":" + port);
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
              new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
            String hello = or(in.readLine(), "?");
            socket.close();
            return new Program(port, hello);
          } catch (Exception ex) {
            return null;
          }
        }
     });
  }
  
  static List<Program> quickScan() {
    return scan(quickScanFrom, quickScanTo);
  }
  
  static List<Program> quickBotScan() {
    return quickBotScan(new int[0]);
  }
  
  static List<Program> quickBotScan(int[] preferredPorts) {
    return scan(4990, 5000+maxNumberOfBotPorts-1, preferredPorts);
  }
} // ProgramScan

static List<ProgramScan.Program> quickBotScan() {
  return ProgramScan.quickBotScan();
}

static List<ProgramScan.Program> quickBotScan(int[] preferredPorts) {
  return ProgramScan.quickBotScan(preferredPorts);
}

static List<ProgramScan.Program> quickBotScan(String searchPattern) {
  List<ProgramScan.Program> l = new ArrayList<ProgramScan.Program>();
  for (ProgramScan.Program p : ProgramScan.quickBotScan())
    if (indexOfIgnoreCase(p.helloString, searchPattern) == 0)
      l.add(p);
  return l;
}


// replacement for class JavaTok
// maybe incomplete, might want to add floating point numbers
// todo also: extended multi-line strings

static List<String> javaTok(String s) {
  List<String> tok = new ArrayList<String>();
  int l = s.length();
  
  int i = 0;
  while (i < l) {
    int j = i;
    char c; String cc;
    
    // scan for whitespace
    while (j < l) {
      c = s.charAt(j);
      cc = s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l));
      if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
        ++j;
      else if (cc.equals("/*")) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && !s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l)).equals("*/"));
        j = Math.min(j+2, l);
      } else if (cc.equals("//")) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && "\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) < 0);
      } else
        break;
    }
    
    tok.add(s.substring(i, j));
    i = j;
    if (i >= l) break;
    c = s.charAt(i); // cc is not needed in rest of loop body
    cc = s.substring(i, Math.min(i+2, l));

    // scan for non-whitespace
    if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
      char opener = c;
      ++j;
      while (j < l) {
        if (s.charAt(j) == opener || s.charAt(j) == '\n') { // end at \n to not propagate unclosed string literal errors
          ++j;
          break;
        } else if (s.charAt(j) == '\\' && j+1 < l)
          j += 2;
        else
          ++j;
      }
    } else if (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && (Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)) || "'".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) >= 0)); // for stuff like "don't"
    else if (Character.isDigit(c)) {
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
      if (j < l && s.charAt(j) == 'L') ++j; // Long constants like 1L
    } else if (cc.equals("[[")) {
      do ++j; while (j+1 < l && !s.substring(j, j+2).equals("]]"));
      j = Math.min(j+2, l);
    } else
      ++j;

    tok.add(s.substring(i, j));
    i = j;
  }
  
  if ((tok.size() % 2) == 0) tok.add("");
  return tok;
}

static List<String> javaTok(List<String> tok) {
  return javaTok(join(tok));
}

  static List<String> parse3(String s) {
    return dropPunctuation(javaTokPlusPeriod(s));
  }

  
  // Data files are immutable, use centralized cache
public static File DiskSnippetCache_getLibrary(long snippetID) throws IOException {
  File file = new File(getGlobalCache(), "data_" + snippetID + ".jar");
  return file.exists() ? file : null;
}

public static void DiskSnippetCache_putLibrary(long snippetID, byte[] data) throws IOException {
  saveBinaryFile(new File(getGlobalCache(), "data_" + snippetID).getPath() + ".jar", data);
}

static byte[] loadDataSnippetImpl(String snippetID) throws IOException {
  byte[] data;
  try {
    URL url = new URL("http://eyeocr.sourceforge.net/filestore/filestore.php?cmd=serve&file=blob_"
      + parseSnippetID(snippetID) + "&contentType=application/binary");
    System.err.println("Loading library: " + url);
    try {
      data = loadBinaryPage(url.openConnection());
    } catch (IOException e) {
      data = null;
    }
    
    if (data == null || data.length == 0) {
      url = new URL("http://data.tinybrain.de/blobs/"
        + parseSnippetID(snippetID));
      System.err.println("Loading library: " + url);
      data = loadBinaryPage(url.openConnection());
    }
    System.err.println("Bytes loaded: " + data.length);
  } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
    throw new IOException("Binary snippet #" + snippetID + " not found or not public");
  }
  return data;
}

public static long parseSnippetID(String snippetID) {
  long id = Long.parseLong(shortenSnippetID(snippetID));
  if (id == 0) fail("0 is not a snippet ID");
  return id;
}

// We dropped the "***" support here (use match3 for that)

static String[] find2(List<String> pat, List<String> tok) {
  for (int idx = 0; idx < tok.size(); idx += 2) {
    String[] result = find2(pat, tok, idx);
    if (result != null) return result;
  }
  return null;
}

static String[] find2(List<String> pat, List<String> tok, int idx) {
  if (idx+pat.size() > tok.size())
    return null;
  List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
  for (int i = 1; i < pat.size(); i += 2) {
    String p = pat.get(i), t = tok.get(idx+i);
    if (eq(p, "*"))
      result.add(t);
    else if (!p.equalsIgnoreCase(t))
      return null;
  }
  return toStringArray(result);
}


  static boolean preferCached = false;

  public static String loadSnippet(String snippetID) {
    try {
      return loadSnippet(parseSnippetID(snippetID), preferCached);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

  public static String loadSnippet(String snippetID, boolean preferCached) throws IOException {
    return loadSnippet(parseSnippetID(snippetID), preferCached);
  }

  public static String loadSnippet(long snippetID, boolean preferCached) throws IOException {
    String text = getSnippetFromBossBot(snippetID);
    if (text != null) return text;
    
    initSnippetCache();
    text = DiskSnippetCache_get(snippetID);
    
    if (preferCached && text != null)
      return text;
    
    try {
      if (text != null) System.err.println("md5: " + md5(text));
      URL url = new URL("http://tinybrain.de:8080/getraw.php?id=" + snippetID + "&utf8=1");
      text = loadPage(url);
    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      throw new IOException("Snippet #" + snippetID + " not found or not public");
    }

    try {
      initSnippetCache();
      DiskSnippetCache_put(snippetID, text);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      System.err.println("Minor warning: Couldn't save snippet to cache ("  + DiskSnippetCache_getDir() + ")");
    }

    return text;
  }

  static File DiskSnippetCache_dir;

  public static void initDiskSnippetCache(File dir) {
    DiskSnippetCache_dir = dir;
    dir.mkdirs();
  }

  public static synchronized String DiskSnippetCache_get(long snippetID) throws IOException {
    return loadTextFile(DiskSnippetCache_getFile(snippetID).getPath(), null);
  }

  private static File DiskSnippetCache_getFile(long snippetID) {
    return new File(DiskSnippetCache_dir, "" + snippetID);
  }

  public static synchronized void DiskSnippetCache_put(long snippetID, String snippet) throws IOException {
    saveTextFile(DiskSnippetCache_getFile(snippetID).getPath(), snippet);
  }

  public static File DiskSnippetCache_getDir() {
    return DiskSnippetCache_dir;
  }

  public static void initSnippetCache() {
    if (DiskSnippetCache_dir == null)
      initDiskSnippetCache(new File(System.getProperty("user.home"), ".tinybrain/snippet-cache"));
  }
  

static void startBotVM() {
  startBotSeparateVM("This is a JavaX VM. Bot VM.", "#1001710");
}

  public static String unquote(String s) {
    if (s.startsWith("[")) {
      int i = 1;
      while (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '=') ++i;
      if (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '[') {
        String m = s.substring(1, i);
        if (s.endsWith("]" + m + "]"))
          return s.substring(i+1, s.length()-i-1);
      }
    }
    
    if (s.startsWith("\"") && s.endsWith("\"") && s.length() > 1) {
      String st = s.substring(1, s.length()-1);
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(st.length());
  
      for (int i = 0; i < st.length(); i++) {
        char ch = st.charAt(i);
        if (ch == '\\') {
          char nextChar = (i == st.length() - 1) ? '\\' : st
                  .charAt(i + 1);
          // Octal escape?
          if (nextChar >= '0' && nextChar <= '7') {
              String code = "" + nextChar;
              i++;
              if ((i < st.length() - 1) && st.charAt(i + 1) >= '0'
                      && st.charAt(i + 1) <= '7') {
                  code += st.charAt(i + 1);
                  i++;
                  if ((i < st.length() - 1) && st.charAt(i + 1) >= '0'
                          && st.charAt(i + 1) <= '7') {
                      code += st.charAt(i + 1);
                      i++;
                  }
              }
              sb.append((char) Integer.parseInt(code, 8));
              continue;
          }
          switch (nextChar) {
          case '\\':
              ch = '\\';
              break;
          case 'b':
              ch = '\b';
              break;
          case 'f':
              ch = '\f';
              break;
          case 'n':
              ch = '\n';
              break;
          case 'r':
              ch = '\r';
              break;
          case 't':
              ch = '\t';
              break;
          case '\"':
              ch = '\"';
              break;
          case '\'':
              ch = '\'';
              break;
          // Hex Unicode: u????
          case 'u':
              if (i >= st.length() - 5) {
                  ch = 'u';
                  break;
              }
              int code = Integer.parseInt(
                      "" + st.charAt(i + 2) + st.charAt(i + 3)
                              + st.charAt(i + 4) + st.charAt(i + 5), 16);
              sb.append(Character.toChars(code));
              i += 5;
              continue;
          default:
            ch = nextChar; // added by Stefan
          }
          i++;
        }
        sb.append(ch);
      }
      return sb.toString();      
    } else
      return s; // return original
  }

static Map<String, Integer> findBot_cache = new TreeMap<String, Integer>();
static int findBot_timeout = 5000;

static DialogIO findBot(String searchPattern) {
  // first split off sub-bot suffix
  String subBot = null;
  int i = searchPattern.indexOf('/');
  if (i >= 0 && (isJavaIdentifier(searchPattern.substring(0, i)) || isInteger(searchPattern.substring(0, i)))) {
    subBot = searchPattern.substring(i+1);
    searchPattern = searchPattern.substring(0, i);
    if (!isInteger(searchPattern))
      searchPattern = "Multi-Port at " + searchPattern + ".";
  }
  
  // assume it's a port if it's an integer
  if (isInteger(searchPattern))
    return talkToSubBot(subBot, talkTo(parseInt(searchPattern)));
    
  if (eq(searchPattern, "remote"))
    return talkToSubBot(subBot, talkTo("second.tinybrain.de", 4999));
    
  Integer port = findBot_cache.get(searchPattern);
  if (port != null) try {
    DialogIO io = talkTo("localhost", port);
    io.waitForLine(/*findBot_timeout*/); // TODO: implement
    String line = io.readLineNoBlock();
    if (indexOfIgnoreCase(line, searchPattern) == 0) {
      call(io, "pushback", line); // put hello string back in
      return talkToSubBot(subBot, io);
    }
  } catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  }
  
  List<ProgramScan.Program> bots = quickBotScan();
  
  // find top-level bots
  for (ProgramScan.Program p : bots) {
    if (indexOfIgnoreCase(p.helloString, searchPattern) == 0) { // strict matching - start of hello string only, but case-insensitive
      findBot_cache.put(searchPattern, p.port);
      return talkToSubBot(subBot, talkTo("localhost", p.port));
    }
  }
  
  // find sub-bots
  for (ProgramScan.Program p : bots) {
    String botName = firstPartOfHelloString(p.helloString);
    boolean isVM = startsWithIgnoreCase(p.helloString, "This is a JavaX VM.");
    boolean shouldRecurse = startsWithIgnoreCase(botName, "Multi-Port") || isVM;
        
    if (shouldRecurse) try {
      Map<Number, String> subBots = (Map) unstructure(sendToLocalBot(p.port, "list bots"));
      for (Number vport : subBots.keySet()) {
        String name = subBots.get(vport);
        if (startsWithIgnoreCase(name, searchPattern))
          return talkToSubBot(vport.longValue(), talkTo("localhost", p.port));
      }
    } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
  }
        
  return null;
}

static String fromUTF8(byte[] bytes) {
  return fromUtf8(bytes);
}

static String structure(Object o) {
  return structure(o, 0);
}

// leave to false, unless unstructure() breaks
static boolean structure_allowShortening = false;
  
static String structure(Object o, int stringSizeLimit) {
  if (o == null) return "null";
  String name = o.getClass().getName();
  
  StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
  
  if (o instanceof Collection) { // TODO: store the type (e.g. HashSet/TreeSet)
    for (Object x : (Collection) o) {
      if (buf.length() != 0) buf.append(", ");
      buf.append(structure(x, stringSizeLimit));
    }
    return "[" + buf + "]";
  }
  
  if (o instanceof Map) {
    for (Object e : ((Map) o).entrySet()) {
      if (buf.length() != 0) buf.append(", ");
      buf.append(structure(((Map.Entry) e).getKey(), stringSizeLimit));
      buf.append("=");
      buf.append(structure(((Map.Entry) e).getValue(), stringSizeLimit));
    }
    return (o instanceof HashMap ? "hashmap" : "") + "{" + buf + "}";
  }
  
  if (o.getClass().isArray()) {
    int n = Array.getLength(o);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      if (buf.length() != 0) buf.append(", ");
      buf.append(structure(Array.get(o, i), stringSizeLimit));
    }
    return "array{" + buf + "}";
  }

  if (o instanceof String)
    return quote(stringSizeLimit != 0 ? shorten((String) o, stringSizeLimit) : (String) o);
    
  if (o instanceof Class)
    return "class(" + quote(((Class) o).getName()) + ")";
    
  if (o instanceof Throwable)
    return "exception(" + quote(((Throwable) o).getMessage()) + ")";
    
  if (o instanceof BigInteger)
    return "bigint(" + o + ")";
  
  if (o instanceof Double)
    return "d(" + quote(str(o)) + ")";
    
  if (o instanceof Long)
    return o + "L";
  
  // Need more cases? This should cover all library classes...
  if (name.startsWith("java.") || name.startsWith("javax."))
    return String.valueOf(o);
    
  String shortName = o.getClass().getName().replaceAll("^main\\$", "");
  
  int numFields = 0;
  String fieldName = "";
  if (shortName.equals("DynamicObject")) {
    shortName = (String) get(o, "className");
    Map<String, Object> fieldValues = (Map) get(o, "fieldValues");
    
    for (String _fieldName : fieldValues.keySet()) {
      fieldName = _fieldName;
      Object value = fieldValues.get(fieldName);
      if (value != null) {
        if (buf.length() != 0) buf.append(", ");
        buf.append(fieldName + "=" + structure(value, stringSizeLimit));
      }
      ++numFields;
   }
  } else {
    // regular class
    // TODO: go to superclasses too
    Field[] fields = o.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
    for (Field field : fields) {
      if ((field.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        continue;
      Object value;
      try {
        field.setAccessible(true);
        value = field.get(o);
      } catch (Exception e) {
        value = "?";
      }
      
      fieldName = field.getName();
      
      // put special cases here...
  
      if (value != null) {
        if (buf.length() != 0) buf.append(", ");
        buf.append(fieldName + "=" + structure(value, stringSizeLimit));
      }
      ++numFields;
    }
  }
  
  String b = buf.toString();
  
  if (numFields == 1 && structure_allowShortening)
    b = b.replaceAll("^" + fieldName + "=", ""); // drop field name if only one
  String s = shortName;
  if (buf.length() != 0)
    s += "(" + b + ")";
  return s;
}

static void copyStream(InputStream in, OutputStream out) { try {
 
  byte buf[] = new byte[1024];
  int l;
  while (true) {
    l = in.read(buf);
    if (l <= 0) break;
    out.write(buf, 0, l);
  }

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

  static String format3(String pat, Object... args) {
    if (args.length == 0) return pat;
    
    List<String> tok = javaTokPlusPeriod(pat);
    int argidx = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i < tok.size(); i += 2)
      if (tok.get(i).equals("*"))
        tok.set(i, format3_formatArg(argidx < args.length ? args[argidx++] : "null"));
    return join(tok);
  }
  
  static String format3_formatArg(Object arg) {
    if (arg == null) return "null";
    if (arg instanceof String) {
      String s = (String) arg;
      return isIdentifier(s) || isNonNegativeInteger(s) ? s : quote(s);
    }
    if (arg instanceof Integer || arg instanceof Long) return String.valueOf(arg);
    return quote(structure(arg));
  }
  


static String firstPartOfHelloString(String s) {
  int i = s.lastIndexOf('/');
  return i < 0 ? s : rtrim(s.substring(0, i));
}

static boolean isInteger(String s) {
  return s != null && Pattern.matches("\\-?\\d+", s);
}

static String shorten(String s, int max) {
  if (s == null) return "";
  return s.length() <= max ? s : s.substring(0, Math.min(s.length(), max)) + "...";
}

  public static String join(String glue, Iterable<String> strings) {
    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
    Iterator<String> i = strings.iterator();
    if (i.hasNext()) {
      buf.append(i.next());
      while (i.hasNext())
        buf.append(glue).append(i.next());
    }
    return buf.toString();
  }
  
  public static String join(String glue, String[] strings) {
    return join(glue, Arrays.asList(strings));
  }
  
  public static String join(Iterable<String> strings) {
    return join("", strings);
  }
  
  public static String join(String[] strings) {
    return join("", strings);
  }


static boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String a, String b) {
  return a == null ? b == null : a.equalsIgnoreCase(b);
}

static String shortenSnippetID(String snippetID) {
  if (snippetID.startsWith("#"))
    snippetID = snippetID.substring(1);
  String httpBlaBla = "http://tinybrain.de/";
  if (snippetID.startsWith(httpBlaBla))
    snippetID = snippetID.substring(httpBlaBla.length());
  return "" + parseLong(snippetID);
}

static boolean eq(Object a, Object b) {
  if (a == null) return b == null;
  if (a.equals(b)) return true;
  if (a instanceof BigInteger) {
    if (b instanceof Integer) return a.equals(BigInteger.valueOf((Integer) b));
    if (b instanceof Long) return a.equals(BigInteger.valueOf((Long) b));
  }
  return false;
}

 static String getSnippetFromBossBot(long snippetID) {
    return boss(format3("get text for *", snippetID));
  }
  

static String str(Object o) {
  return String.valueOf(o);
}

  /** writes safely (to temp file, then rename) */
  public static void saveTextFile(String fileName, String contents) throws IOException {
    File file = new File(fileName);
    File parentFile = file.getParentFile();
    if (parentFile != null)
      parentFile.mkdirs();
    String tempFileName = fileName + "_temp";
    if (contents != null) {
      FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(tempFileName);
      OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(fileOutputStream, "UTF-8");
      PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(outputStreamWriter);
      printWriter.print(contents);
      printWriter.close();
    }
    
    if (file.exists() && !file.delete())
      throw new IOException("Can't delete " + fileName);

    if (contents != null)
      if (!new File(tempFileName).renameTo(file))
        throw new IOException("Can't rename " + tempFileName + " to " + fileName);
  }
  
  public static void saveTextFile(File fileName, String contents) {
    try {
      saveTextFile(fileName.getPath(), contents);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }


// This is made for NL parsing.
// It's javaTok extended with "..." token, "$n" and "#n" and
// special quotes (which are converted to normal ones).

static List<String> javaTokPlusPeriod(String s) {
  List<String> tok = new ArrayList<String>();
  int l = s.length();
  
  int i = 0;
  while (i < l) {
    int j = i;
    char c; String cc;
    
    // scan for whitespace
    while (j < l) {
      c = s.charAt(j);
      cc = s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l));
      if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
        ++j;
      else if (cc.equals("/*")) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && !s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l)).equals("*/"));
        j = Math.min(j+2, l);
      } else if (cc.equals("//")) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && "\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) < 0);
      } else
        break;
    }
    
    tok.add(s.substring(i, j));
    i = j;
    if (i >= l) break;
    c = s.charAt(i);
    cc = s.substring(i, Math.min(i+2, l));

    // scan for non-whitespace
    if (c == '\u201C' || c == '\u201D') c = '"'; // normalize quotes
    if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
      char opener = c;
      ++j;
      while (j < l) {
        char _c = s.charAt(j);
        if (_c == '\u201C' || _c == '\u201D') _c = '"'; // normalize quotes
        if (_c == opener) {
          ++j;
          break;
        } else if (s.charAt(j) == '\\' && j+1 < l)
          j += 2;
        else
          ++j;
      }
      if (j-1 >= i+1) {
        tok.add(opener + s.substring(i+1, j-1) + opener);
        i = j;
        continue;
      }
    } else if (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && (Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)) || s.charAt(j) == '\'')); // for things like "this one's"
    else if (Character.isDigit(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
    else if (cc.equals("[[")) {
      do ++j; while (j+1 < l && !s.substring(j, j+2).equals("]]"));
      j = Math.min(j+2, l);
    } else if (s.substring(j, Math.min(j+3, l)).equals("..."))
      j += 3;
    else if (c == '$' || c == '#')
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
    else
      ++j;

    tok.add(s.substring(i, j));
    i = j;
  }
  
  if ((tok.size() % 2) == 0) tok.add("");
  return tok;
}


static boolean isJavaIdentifier(String s) {
  if (s.length() == 0 || !Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(s.charAt(0)))
    return false;
  for (int i = 1; i < s.length(); i++)
    if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(i)))
      return false;
  return true;
}

static class DynamicObject {
  String className;
  Map<String, Object> fieldValues = new TreeMap<String, Object>();
}

static Object unstructure(String text) {
  return unstructure(text, false);
}

// actually it's now almost the same as jsonDecode :)
static Object unstructure(String text, final boolean allDynamic) {
  final List<String> tok = javaTok(text);
  
  class X {
    int i = 1;

    Object parse() {
      String t = tok.get(i);
      if (t.startsWith("\"")) {
        String s = unquote(tok.get(i));
        i += 2;
        return s;
      }
      if (t.equals("hashmap"))
        return parseHashMap();
      if (t.equals("{"))
        return parseMap();
      if (t.equals("["))
        return parseList();
      if (t.equals("array"))
        return parseArray();
      if (t.equals("class"))
        return parseClass();
      if (t.equals("bigint"))
        return parseBigInt();
      if (t.equals("d"))
        return parseDouble();
      if (t.equals("null")) {
        i += 2; return null;
      }
      if (t.equals("false")) {
        i += 2; return false;
      }
      if (t.equals("true")) {
        i += 2; return true;
      }
      if (t.equals("-")) {
        t = tok.get(i+2);
        i += 4;
        t = dropSuffix("L", t);
        long l = -Long.parseLong(t);
        return l == (int) l ? (int) l : l;
      }
      if (isInteger(t) || isLongConstant(t)) {
        i += 2;
        t = dropSuffix("L", t);
        long l = Long.parseLong(t);
        return l == (int) l ? (int) l : l;
      }
      if (isJavaIdentifier(t)) {
        Class c = allDynamic ? null : findClass(t);
        DynamicObject dO = null;
        Object o = null;
        if (c != null)
          o = nuObject(c);
        else {
          dO = new DynamicObject();
          dO.className = t;
        }
        i += 2;
        if (i < tok.size() && tok.get(i).equals("(")) {
          consume("(");
          while (!tok.get(i).equals(")")) {
            // It's like parsing a map.
            //Object key = parse();
            //if (tok.get(i).equals(")"))
            //  key = onlyField();
            String key = unquote(tok.get(i));
            i += 2;
            consume("=");
            Object value = parse();
            if (o != null)
              setOpt(o, key, value);
            else
              dO.fieldValues.put(key, value);
            if (tok.get(i).equals(",")) i += 2;
          }
          consume(")");
        }
        return o != null ? o : dO;
      }
      throw new RuntimeException("Unknown token " + (i+1) + ": " + t);
    }
    
    Object parseList() {
      consume("[");
      List list = new ArrayList();
      while (!tok.get(i).equals("]")) {
        list.add(parse());
        if (tok.get(i).equals(",")) i += 2;
      }
      consume("]");
      return list;
    }
    
    Object parseArray() {
      consume("array");
      consume("{");
      List list = new ArrayList();
      while (!tok.get(i).equals("}")) {
        list.add(parse());
        if (tok.get(i).equals(",")) i += 2;
      }
      consume("}");
      return list.toArray();
    }
    
    Object parseClass() {
      consume("class");
      consume("(");
      String name = tok.get(i);
      i += 2;
      consume(")");
      Class c = allDynamic ? null : findClass(name);
      if (c != null) return c;
      DynamicObject dO = new DynamicObject();
      dO.className = "java.lang.Class";
      dO.fieldValues.put("name", name);
      return dO;
    }
    
    Object parseBigInt() {
      consume("bigint");
      consume("(");
      String val = tok.get(i);
      i += 2;
      if (eq(val, "-")) {
        val = "-" + tok.get(i);
        i += 2;
      }
      consume(")");
      return new BigInteger(val);
    }
    
    Object parseDouble() {
      consume("d");
      consume("(");
      String val = unquote(tok.get(i));
      i += 2;
      consume(")");
      return Double.parseDouble(val);
    }
    
    Object parseHashMap() {
      consume("hashmap");
      return parseMap(new HashMap());
    }
    
    Object parseMap() {
      return parseMap(new TreeMap());
    }
    
    Object parseMap(Map map) {
      consume("{");
      while (!tok.get(i).equals("}")) {
        Object key = unstructure(tok.get(i));
        i += 2;
        consume("=");
        Object value = parse();
        map.put(key, value);
        if (tok.get(i).equals(",")) i += 2;
      }
      consume("}");
      return map;
    }
    
    void consume(String s) {
      if (!tok.get(i).equals(s)) {
        String prevToken = i-2 >= 0 ? tok.get(i-2) : "";
        String nextTokens = join(tok.subList(i, Math.min(i+4, tok.size())));
        fail(quote(s) + " expected: " + prevToken + " " + nextTokens + " (" + i + "/" + tok.size() + ")");
      }
      i += 2;
    }
  }
  
  return new X().parse();
}

  /** writes safely (to temp file, then rename) */
  public static void saveBinaryFile(String fileName, byte[] contents) throws IOException {
    File file = new File(fileName);
    File parentFile = file.getParentFile();
    if (parentFile != null)
      parentFile.mkdirs();
    String tempFileName = fileName + "_temp";
    FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(tempFileName);
    fileOutputStream.write(contents);
    fileOutputStream.close();
    if (file.exists() && !file.delete())
      throw new IOException("Can't delete " + fileName);

    if (!new File(tempFileName).renameTo(file))
      throw new IOException("Can't rename " + tempFileName + " to " + fileName);
  }

  static void saveBinaryFile(File fileName, byte[] contents) {
    try {
      saveBinaryFile(fileName.getPath(), contents);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

static void sleep(long ms) {
  try {
    Thread.sleep(ms);
  } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
}

static void sleep() { try {
 
  print("Sleeping.");
  synchronized(main.class) { main.class.wait(); }

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

static List<String> dropPunctuation_keep = litlist("*", "<", ">");

static List<String> dropPunctuation(List<String> tok) {
  tok = new ArrayList<String>(tok);
  for (int i = 1; i < tok.size(); i += 2) {
    String t = tok.get(i);
    if (t.length() == 1 && !Character.isLetter(t.charAt(0)) && !Character.isDigit(t.charAt(0)) && !dropPunctuation_keep.contains(t)) {
      tok.set(i-1, tok.get(i-1) + tok.get(i+1));
      tok.remove(i);
      tok.remove(i);
      i -= 2;
    }
  }
  return tok;
}

static String dropPunctuation(String s) {
  return join(dropPunctuation(nlTok(s)));
}

static byte[] loadBinaryPage(String url) throws IOException {
  return loadBinaryPage(new URL(url).openConnection());
}

public static byte[] loadBinaryPage(URLConnection con) throws IOException {
  //setHeaders(con);
  ByteArrayOutputStream buf = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
  InputStream inputStream = con.getInputStream();
  int n = 0;
  while (true) {
    int ch = inputStream.read();
    if (ch < 0)
      break;
    buf.write(ch);
    if (++n % 100000 == 0)
      System.err.println("  " + n + " bytes loaded.");
  }
  inputStream.close();
  return buf.toByteArray();
}


  public static String loadPageSilently(String url) {
    try {
      return loadPageSilently(new URL(loadPage_preprocess(url)));
    } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
  }

  public static String loadPageSilently(URL url) {
    try {
      IOException e = null;
      for (int tries = 0; tries < 60; tries++)
        try {
          URLConnection con = url.openConnection();
          return loadPage(con, url);
        } catch (IOException _e) {
          e = _e;
          print("Retrying because of: " + e);
          sleepSeconds(1);
        }
      throw e;
    } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
  }

  static String loadPage_preprocess(String url) {  
    if (url.startsWith("tb/"))
      url = "tinybrain.de:8080/" + url;
    if (url.indexOf("://") < 0)
      url = "http://" + url;
    return url;
  }
  
  public static String loadPage(String url) {
    try {
      return loadPage(new URL(loadPage_preprocess(url)));
    } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
  }
  
  public static String loadPage(URL url) {
    print("Loading: " + url.toExternalForm());
    return loadPageSilently(url);
  }

  public static String loadPage(URLConnection con, URL url) throws IOException {
    String contentType = con.getContentType();
    if (contentType == null)
      throw new IOException("Page could not be read: " + url);
    //Log.info("Content-Type: " + contentType);
    String charset = loadPage_guessCharset(contentType);
    Reader r = new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream(), charset);
    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
    while (true) {
      int ch = r.read();
      if (ch < 0)
        break;
      //Log.info("Chars read: " + buf.length());
      buf.append((char) ch);
    }
    return buf.toString();
  }
  
  static String loadPage_guessCharset(String contentType) {
    Pattern p = Pattern.compile("text/html;\\s+charset=([^\\s]+)\\s*");
    Matcher m = p.matcher(contentType);
    /* If Content-Type doesn't match this pre-conception, choose default and hope for the best. */
    return m.matches() ? m.group(1) : "ISO-8859-1";
  }


static String fromUtf8(byte[] bytes) { try {
 
  return new String(bytes, "UTF-8");

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

static String[] toStringArray(List<String> list) {
  return list.toArray(new String[list.size()]);
}

static String[] toStringArray(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof String[])
    return (String[]) o;
  else if (o instanceof List)
    return toStringArray((List<String>) o);
  else
    throw fail("Not a list or array: " + structure(o));
}


static void startBotSeparateVM(String botName, String scriptID) {
  DialogIO bot = findBot(botName);
  if (bot != null)
    bot.close();
  else {
    print("Bot " + quote(botName) + " not found. Starting separately: " + scriptID);
    nohupJavax(scriptID);
    waitForBotStartUp(botName);
  }
}

static int parseInt(String s) {
  return Integer.parseInt(s);
}

static File getGlobalCache() {
  File file = new File(userHome(), ".tinybrain/snippet-cache");
  file.mkdirs();
  return file;
}


static String sendToLocalBot(String bot, String text, Object... args) {
  text = format3(text, args);
  
  DialogIO channel = findBot(bot);
  if (channel == null)
    fail(quote(bot) + " not found");
  try {
    channel.readLine();
    print(bot + "> " + shorten(text, 80));
    channel.sendLine(text);
    String s = channel.readLine();
    print(bot + "< " + shorten(s, 80));
    return s;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    return null;
  } finally {
    channel.close();
  }
}

static String sendToLocalBot(int port, String text, Object... args) {
  text = format3(text, args);
  DialogIO channel = talkTo(port);
  try {
    channel.readLine();
    print(port + "> " + shorten(text, 80));
    channel.sendLine(text);
    String s = channel.readLine();
    print(port + "< " + shorten(s, 80));
    return s;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    return null;
  } finally {
    if (channel != null)
      channel.close();
  }
}

// works on lists and strings and null

static int indexOfIgnoreCase(Object a, Object b) {
  if (a == null) return -1;
  if (a instanceof String) {
     Matcher m = Pattern.compile((String) b, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE + Pattern.LITERAL).matcher((String) a);
     if (m.find()) return m.start(); else return -1;
  }
  if (a instanceof List) {
    for (int i = 0; i < ((List) a).size(); i++) {
      Object o = ((List) a).get(i);
      if (o != null && ((String) o).equalsIgnoreCase((String) b))
        return i;
    }
    return -1;
  }
  throw fail("Unknown type: " + a);
}

static boolean startsWithIgnoreCase(String a, String b) {
  return a != null && a.regionMatches(true, 0, b, 0, b.length());
}

static String md5(String text) { try {
 
  if (text == null) return "-";
  return bytesToHex(md5_impl(text.getBytes("UTF-8"))); // maybe different than the way PHP does it...

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

static String md5(byte[] data) {
  return bytesToHex(md5_impl(data));
}

static byte[] md5_impl(byte[] data) {
 try {
  return MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5").digest(data);
 } catch (Exception e) { throw e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) e : new RuntimeException(e); }
}

static String md5(File file) { try {
 
  return md5(loadBinaryFile(file));

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

// currently finds only inner classes of class "main"
// returns null on not found
// this is the simple version that is not case-tolerant
static Class findClass(String name) {
  try {
    return Class.forName("main$" + name);
  } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
    return null;
  }
}

 static String boss(String line) {
    try {
      //S s = sendToLocalBotOpt("Boss Bot", line);
      DialogIO io = talkTo(4990); // Boss Bot port
      io.readLine();
      io.sendLine(line);
      String s = io.readLine();
      Matches m = new Matches();
      if (match3("text: *", s, m))
        return unquote(m.m[0]);
      return null;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      //e.printStackTrace();
      return null;
    }
  }

static String _userHome;
static String userHome() {
  if (_userHome == null) {
    if (isAndroid())
      _userHome = "/storage/sdcard0/";
    else
      _userHome = System.getProperty("user.home");
    //System.out.println("userHome: " + _userHome);
  }
  return _userHome;
}


static boolean isLongConstant(String s) {
  if (!s.endsWith("L")) return false;
  s = s.substring(0, l(s)-1);
  return isInteger(s);
}

static void nohupJavax(String javaxargs) {
  nohupJavax(javaxargs, "");
}

// vm args are ignored if pre-spun VM found...
static void nohupJavax(String javaxargs, String vmArgs) {
  javaxargs = javaxargs.trim();
  if (javaxargs.startsWith("#")) javaxargs = javaxargs.substring(1);
  String snippetID = javaTok(javaxargs).get(1);
  int idx = javaxargs.indexOf(' ');
  String args = idx < 0 ? "" : javaxargs.substring(idx+1).trim();
  
  String line;
  if (args.length() != 0)
    line = format3("please start program * with arguments *", snippetID, args);
  else
    line = format3("please start program *", snippetID);
  String answer = sendToLocalBotOpt("A pre-spun VM.", line);
  if (match3("ok", answer)) {
    print("OK, used pre-spun VM.");
  } else {
    if (answer != null)
      print("> " + answer);
    print("Using standard nohup.");
    classicNohupJavax(javaxargs, vmArgs);
  }
}

static long parseLong(String s) {
  return Long.parseLong(s);
}

static boolean isIdentifier(String s) {
  return isJavaIdentifier(s);
}

  public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
    return bytesToHex(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
  }

  public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes, int ofs, int len) {
    StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(len*2);
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      String s = "0" + Integer.toHexString(bytes[ofs+i]);
      stringBuilder.append(s.substring(s.length()-2, s.length()));
    }
    return stringBuilder.toString();
  }


static boolean isNonNegativeInteger(String s) {
  return s != null && Pattern.matches("\\d+", s);
}

static Object nuObject(Class c, Object... args) { try {
 
  Constructor m = nuObject_findConstructor(c, args);
  m.setAccessible(true);
  return m.newInstance(args);

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

static Constructor nuObject_findConstructor(Class c, Object... args) {
  for (Constructor m : c.getDeclaredConstructors()) {
    if (!nuObject_checkArgs(m.getParameterTypes(), args, false))
      continue;
    return m;
  }
  throw new RuntimeException("Constructor with " + args.length + " matching parameter(s) not found in " + c.getName());
}

 static boolean nuObject_checkArgs(Class[] types, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    if (types.length != args.length) {
      if (debug)
        System.out.println("Bad parameter length: " + args.length + " vs " + types.length);
      return false;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++)
      if (!(args[i] == null || isInstanceX(types[i], args[i]))) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Bad parameter " + i + ": " + args[i] + " vs " + types[i]);
        return false;
      }
    return true;
  }

static double parseDouble(String s) {
  return Double.parseDouble(s);
}

public static String rtrim(String s) {
  int i = s.length();
  while (i > 0 && " \t\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(i-1)) >= 0)
    --i;
  return i < s.length() ? s.substring(0, i) : s;
}

static String dropSuffix(String suffix, String s) {
  return s.endsWith(suffix) ? s.substring(0, l(s)-l(suffix)) : s;
}

static List<String> nlTok(String s) {
  return javaTokPlusPeriod(s);
}

public static byte[] loadBinaryFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
  if (!new File(fileName).exists())
    return null;

  FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(fileName);

  byte buf[] = new byte[1024];
  ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
  int l;
  while (true) {
    l = in.read(buf);
    if (l <= 0) break;
    out.write(buf, 0, l);
  }
  in.close();
  return out.toByteArray();
}

public static byte[] loadBinaryFile(File file) throws IOException {
  return loadBinaryFile(file.getPath());
}


static void classicNohupJavax(String javaxargs) {
  classicNohupJavax(javaxargs, "");
}

static void classicNohupJavax(String javaxargs, String vmArgs) { try {
 
  int x = latestInstalledJavaX();
  File xfile = new File(userHome(), ".javax/x" + Math.max(x, 30) + ".jar");
  if (!xfile.isFile()) {
    String url = "http://tinybrain.de/x30.jar";
    byte[] data = loadBinaryPage(url);
    if (data.length < 1000000)
      fail("Could not load " + url);
    saveBinaryFile(xfile.getPath(), data);
  }
  String jarPath = xfile.getPath();
  if (javaxargs.startsWith("#")) javaxargs = javaxargs.substring(1);
  nohup("java " + vmArgs + " -jar " + (isWindows() ? winQuote(jarPath) : bashQuote(jarPath)) + " " + javaxargs);

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

static String sendToLocalBotOpt(String bot, String text) {
  if (bot == null) return null;
  DialogIO channel = findBot(bot);
  if (channel == null) {
    print(quote(bot) + " not found, skipping send: " + quote(text));
    return null;
  }
  try {
    channel.readLine();
    print(bot + "> " + text);
    channel.sendLine(text);
    String s = channel.readLine();
    print(bot + "< " + s);
    return s;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    return null;
  } finally {
    channel.close();
  }
}

static boolean isAndroid() { return System.getProperty("java.vendor").toLowerCase().indexOf("android") >= 0; }

public static boolean isWindows() {
  return System.getProperty("os.name").contains("Windows");
}

/** possibly improvable */
public static String bashQuote(String text) {
  if (text == null) return null;
  return "\"" + text
    .replace("\\", "\\\\")
    .replace("\"", "\\\"")
    .replace("\n", "\\n")
    .replace("\r", "\\r") + "\"";
}


/** possibly improvable */
public static String winQuote(String text) {
  if (text == null) return null;
  return "\"" + text
    .replace("\\", "\\\\")
    .replace("\"", "\\\"")
    .replace("\n", "\\n")
    .replace("\r", "\\r") + "\"";
}


static int latestInstalledJavaX() {
  File[] files = new File(userHome(), ".javax").listFiles();
  int v = 0;
  if (files != null) for (File f : files) {
    Matcher m = Pattern.compile("x(\\d\\d\\d?)\\.jar").matcher(f.getName());
    if (m.matches())
      v = Math.max(v, Integer.parseInt(m.group(1)));
  }
  return v;
}

public static File nohup(String cmd) throws IOException {
  File outFile = File.createTempFile("nohup_" + nohup_sanitize(cmd), ".out");
  nohup(cmd, outFile, false);
  return outFile;
}

static String nohup_sanitize(String s) {
  return s.replaceAll("[^a-zA-Z0-9\\-_]", "");
}

/** outFile takes stdout and stderr. */
public static void nohup(String cmd, File outFile, boolean append) throws IOException {
  String command = nohup_makeNohupCommand(cmd, outFile, append);

  File scriptFile = File.createTempFile("_realnohup", isWindows() ? ".bat" : "");
  System.out.println("[Nohup] " + command);
  try {
    //System.out.println("[RealNohup] Script file: " + scriptFile.getPath());
    saveTextFile(scriptFile.getPath(), command);
    String[] command2;
    if (isWindows())
      command2 = new String[] {"cmd", "/c", "start", "/b", scriptFile.getPath() };
    else
      command2 = new String[] {"/bin/bash", scriptFile.getPath() };
      
    Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command2);
    try {
      process.waitFor();
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
    int value = process.exitValue();
    //System.out.println("exit value: " + value);
  } finally {
    if (!isWindows())
      scriptFile.delete();
  }
}

public static String nohup_makeNohupCommand(String cmd, File outFile, boolean append) {
  mkdirsForFile(outFile);

  String command;
  if (isWindows())
    command = cmd + (append ? " >>" : " >") + winQuote(outFile.getPath()) + " 2>&1";
  else
    command = "nohup " + cmd + (append ? " >>" : " >") + bashQuote(outFile.getPath()) + " 2>&1 &";
  return command;
}


public static void mkdirsForFile(File file) {
  File dir = file.getParentFile();
  if (dir != null) // is null if file is in current dir
    dir.mkdirs();
}


static <A> List<A> findAll(JFrame f, Class<A> theClass) {
  List<A> l = new ArrayList<A>();
  scanForComponents(f, theClass, l);
  return l;
}

static <A, B extends Number> A highest(Map<A, B> map) {
  return keyWithBiggestValue(map);
}

static <A> List<A> subList(List<A> l, int startIndex) {
  return subList(l, startIndex, l(l));
}

static <A> List<A> subList(List<A> l, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
  startIndex = max(0, min(l(l), startIndex));
  endIndex = max(0, min(l(l), endIndex));
  if (startIndex > endIndex) return litlist();
  return l.subList(startIndex, endIndex);
}

static Class run(String progID) {
  Class main = hotwire(progID);
  callMain(main);
  return main;
}

  public static String commonPrefix(String a, String b) {
    int i = 0;
    while (i < a.length() && i < b.length() && a.charAt(i) == b.charAt(i))
      ++i;
    return a.substring(0, i);
  }


static String find(String pattern, String text) {
  Matcher matcher = Pattern.compile(pattern).matcher(text);
  if (matcher.find())
    return matcher.group(1);
  return null;
}

static boolean containsToken(List<String> tok, String token) {
  return tok.contains(token);
}

static void printF(String s, Object... args) {
  printFormat(s, args);
}

  static <A> List<A> concatLists(List<A>... lists) {
    List<A> l = new ArrayList<A>();
    for (List<A> list : lists)
      if (list != null)
        l.addAll(list);
    return l;
  }

  static <A> List<A> concatLists(List<List<A>> lists) {
    List<A> l = new ArrayList<A>();
    for (List<A> list : lists)
      if (list != null)
        l.addAll(list);
    return l;
  }


static String string(Object o) {
  return String.valueOf(o);
}

static String getString(Map map, Object key) {
  return map == null ? null : (String) map.get(key);
}

static String getString(List l, int idx) {
  return (String) get(l, idx);
}

static String getString(Object o, Object key) {
  if (o instanceof Map) return getString((Map) o, key);
  if (key instanceof String)
    return (String) get(o, (String) key);
  throw fail("Not a string key: " + getClassName(key));
}

static BufferedReader readLine_reader;

static String readLine() {
  return (String) call(getJavaX(), "readLine");
}

static String unq(String s) {
  return unquote(s);
}

static int min(int a, int b) {
  return Math.min(a, b);
}

static double min(double[] c) {
  double x = Double.MAX_VALUE;
  for (double d : c) x = Math.min(x, d);
  return x;
}


static int max(int a, int b) {
  return Math.max(a, b);
}

static long max(int a, long b) {
  return Math.max((long) a, b);
}

static long max(long a, long b) {
  return Math.max(a, b);
}

static double max(int a, double b) {
  return Math.max((double) a, b);
}

static int max(Collection<Integer> c) {
  int x = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
  for (int i : c) x = max(x, i);
  return x;
}

static double max(double[] c) {
  if (c.length == 0) return Double.MIN_VALUE;
  double x = c[0];
  for (int i = 1; i < c.length; i++) x = Math.max(x, c[i]);
  return x;
}


static <A, B extends Number> A keyWithBiggestValue(Map<A, B> map) {
  A best = null;
  Number bestScore = null;
  for (A key : keys(map)) {
    Number score = map.get(key);
    if (best == null || cmp(score, bestScore) > 0) {
      best = key;
      bestScore = score;
    }
  }
  return best;
}

static void printFormat(String s, Object... args) {
  print(format(s, args));
}

static String getClassName(Object o) {
  return o == null ? "null" : o.getClass().getName();
}

static <A> void scanForComponents(Component c, Class<A> theClass, List<A> l) {
  if (theClass.isInstance(c))
    l.add((A) c);
  if (c instanceof Container)
  for (Component comp : ((Container) c).getComponents())
    scanForComponents(comp, theClass, l);
}

  // compile JavaX source, load classes & return main class
  // src can be a snippet ID or actual source code
  // TODO: record injection?
  
  static Class<?> hotwire(String src) {
    try {
      Class j = getJavaX();
      
      synchronized(j) { // hopefully this goes well...
        List<File> libraries = new ArrayList<File>();
        File srcDir = (File) call(j, "transpileMain", src, libraries);
        if (srcDir == null)
          fail("transpileMain returned null (src=" + quote(src) + ")");
        
        Object androidContext = get(j, "androidContext");
        if (androidContext != null)
          return (Class) call(j, "loadx2android", srcDir, src);
          
        File classesDir = (File) call(j, "TempDirMaker_make");
        String javacOutput = (String) call(j, "compileJava", srcDir, libraries, classesDir);
        System.out.println(javacOutput);
        
        URL[] urls = new URL[libraries.size()+1];
        urls[0] = classesDir.toURI().toURL();
        for (int i = 0; i < libraries.size(); i++)
          urls[i+1] = libraries.get(i).toURI().toURL();
  
        // make class loader
        URLClassLoader classLoader = new URLClassLoader(urls);
    
        // load & return main class
        Class<?> theClass = classLoader.loadClass("main");
        
        callOpt(j, "registerSourceCode", theClass, loadTextFile(new File(srcDir, "main.java")));

        call(j, "setVars", theClass, isSnippetID(src) ? src: null);
        
        if (isSnippetID(src))
          callOpt(j, "addInstance", src, theClass);
  
        return theClass;
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) e : new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

static int cmp(Number a, Number b) {
  return a == null ? b == null ? 0 : -1 : cmp(a.doubleValue(), b.doubleValue());
}

static int cmp(double a, double b) {
  return a < b ? -1 : a == b ? 0 : 1;
}

static int cmp(String a, String b) {
  return a == null ? b == null ? 0 : -1 : a.compareTo(b);
}

static int cmp(Object a, Object b) {
  if (a == null) return b == null ? 0 : -1;
  return ((Comparable) a).compareTo(b);
}

  public static boolean isSnippetID(String s) {
    try {
      parseSnippetID(s);
      return true;
    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
      return false;
    }
  }

static <A, B> Set<A> keys(Map<A, B> map) {
  return map.keySet();
}

static Set keys(Object map) {
  return keys((Map) map);
}

static <A> ArrayList<A> asList(A[] a) {
  return new ArrayList<A>(Arrays.asList(a));
}

static ArrayList<Integer> asList(int[] a) {
  ArrayList<Integer> l = new ArrayList();
  for (int i : a) l.add(i);
  return l;
}

static <A> ArrayList<A> asList(Set<A> s) {
  return s == null ? new ArrayList() : new ArrayList(s);
}

static long startTiming_startTime;
static void startTiming() {
  startTiming_startTime = now();
}

static void stopTiming() {
  long end = now();
  print("Time: " + (end-startTiming_startTime) + " ms");
}

static <A> A or(A a, A b) {
  return a != null ? a : b;
}

static String firstToUpper(String s) {
  if (s.length() == 0) return s;
  return Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(0)) + s.substring(1);
}

static long now_virtualTime;
static long now() {
  return now_virtualTime != 0 ? now_virtualTime : System.currentTimeMillis();
}

}