import java.math.*;
import javax.imageio.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.security.spec.*;
import java.security.*;
import java.lang.management.*;
import java.lang.ref.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
import javax.swing.table.*;
import javax.swing.text.*;
import javax.swing.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.regex.*;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.zip.*;
import java.util.*;
// Logic: Checks every 10 seconds and clears full cache when
// anything changed in the DB. So it's as good as traffic-free
// when the DB is not changing.


public class main {
  static class Matches {
    String[] m;
    String get(int i) { return m[i]; }
    String unq(int i) { return unquote(m[i]); }
    String fsi(int i) { return formatSnippetID(unq(i)); }
    boolean bool(int i) { return "true".equals(unq(i)); }
    String rest() { return m[m.length-1]; } // for matchStart
    int psi(int i) { return Integer.parseInt(unq(i)); }
  }


  static abstract class DialogIO {
    String line;
    boolean eos;
    
    abstract String readLineImpl();
    abstract boolean isStillConnected();
    abstract void sendLine(String line);
    abstract boolean isLocalConnection();
    abstract Socket getSocket();
    abstract void close();
    
    int getPort() { return getSocket().getPort(); }
    
    boolean helloRead;
    
    String readLineNoBlock() {
      String l = line;
      line = null;
      return l;
    }
    
    boolean waitForLine() { try {
 
      if (line != null) return true;
      //print("Readline");
      line = readLineImpl();
      //print("Readline done: " + line);
      if (line == null) eos = true;
      return line != null;
    
} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
    
    String readLine() {
      waitForLine();
      helloRead = true;
      return readLineNoBlock();
    }
    
    String ask(String s, Object... args) {
      if (!helloRead) readLine();
      if (args.length != 0) s = format3(s, args);
      sendLine(s);
      return readLine();
    }
    
    String askLoudly(String s, Object... args) {
      if (!helloRead) readLine();
      if (args.length != 0) s = format3(s, args);
      print("> " + s);
      sendLine(s);
      String answer = readLine();
      print("< " + answer);
      return answer;
    }
    
    void pushback(String l) {
      if (line != null)
        fail();
      line = l;
      helloRead = false;
    }
  }
  
  static abstract class DialogHandler {
    abstract void run(DialogIO io);
  }

  static int updateInterval = 10000;
  static long lastVersionCount;
  
  static Map<String, String> md5s = new TreeMap<String, String>();
  
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    startBot("Version Count Bot", "#1001745");
    makeBot("Snippet MD5 Bot.");
    updateLoop();
  }
  
  static void update() {
    Matches m = new Matches();
    if (match("version count: *", sendToLocalBot_cached("Version Count Bot", "get version count"), m)) {
      long count = parseLong(m.get(0));
      if (count != lastVersionCount) {
        lastVersionCount = count;
        clear();
      }
    }
  }
  
  static synchronized String answer(String s) {
    Matches m = new Matches();
    if (match3("what is the md5 of snippet *", s, m)) {
      String snippetID = formatSnippetID(m.unq(0));
      String md5 = md5s.get(snippetID);
      if (md5 == null) {
        md5 = getSnippetMD5(snippetID);
        if (md5 == null) return "null";
        md5s.put(snippetID, md5);
      }
      return format("The md5 of snippet * is *.", snippetID, md5);
    }
    
    if (match3("clear snippet md5 cache", s, m)) {
      clear();
      return "OK.";
    }
    
    if (match3("get snippet md5 cache size", s, m)) {
      return "Cache entries: " + md5s.size();
    }
    
    return null;
  }
  
  static synchronized void clear() {
    md5s.clear();
  }

  // class Matches is added by #752
 
  static boolean match3(String pat, String s) {
    return match3(pat, s, null);
  }
  
  static boolean match3(String pat, String s, Matches matches) {
    if (s == null) return false;
    return match3(pat, parse3(s), matches);
  }
    
  static boolean match3(String pat, List<String> toks, Matches matches) {
    List<String> tokpat = parse3(pat);
    return match3(tokpat,toks,matches);
  }

  static boolean match3(List<String> tokpat, List<String> toks, Matches matches) {

    String[] m = match2(tokpat, toks);
    //print(structure(tokpat) + " on " + structure(toks) + " => " + structure(m));
    if (m == null)
      return false;
    else {
      if (matches != null) matches.m = m;
      return true;
    }
  }

  static int updateLoop_defaultInterval = 5000;
  
  static void updateLoop(int interval) {
    updateLoop_defaultInterval = interval;
    updateLoop();
  }
  
  static void updateLoop() {
    Thread _t_0 = new Thread("update loop") {
public void run() {
try  {
      while (true) {
        try {
          update();
        } catch (Throwable e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
        }
        Integer interval = (Integer) ( getOpt(getMainClass(), "updateInterval"));
        sleep(interval == null || interval == 0 ? updateLoop_defaultInterval : interval);
      }
    } catch (Exception _e) {
  throw _e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) _e : new RuntimeException(_e); } }
};
_t_0.start();
  }

static long parseLong(String s) {
  return Long.parseLong(s);
}

static boolean match(String pat, String s) {
  return match3(pat, s);
}

static boolean match(String pat, String s, Matches matches) {
  return match3(pat, s, matches);
}


static String getSnippetMD5(String id) { try {
 
  return loadPage(new URL("http://tinybrain.de:8080/tb-int/get-md5.php?id=" + parseSnippetID(id)));

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

  static String format(String pat, Object... args) {
    return format3(pat, args);
  }


static Map<String, String> startBot_assignments = new TreeMap<String, String>();

static void startBot(String botName, String botID) {
  DialogIO bot = newFindBot(botName);
  if (bot != null)
    bot.close();
  else {
    print("Bot " + quote(botName) + " not found. Starting " + botID);
    javaxBot(botID);
    waitForBotStartUp(botName);
  }
}

static void startBot(String botIDOrName) {
  String botID = startBot_assignments.get(botIDOrName);
  if (botID != null)
    startBot(botIDOrName, botID);
  else {
    String botName = getBotNameFromSnippet(botIDOrName);
    if (botName == null) fail("Bot name not found in source of " + botID);
    startBot(botName, botIDOrName);
  }
}


static int makeBot(String greeting) {
  return makeAndroid3(greeting).port;
}

static void makeBot(Android3 a) {
  makeAndroid3(a);
}

static String sendToLocalBot_cached(String botName, String s, Object... args) {
  DialogIO io = newFindBot(botName);
  if (io == null)
    fail("Bot not found: " + botName);
  try {
    return io.ask(s, args);
  } finally {
    io.close();
  }
}

static String formatSnippetID(String id) {
  return "#" + parseSnippetID(id);
}

static String formatSnippetID(long id) {
  return "#" + id;
}

// match2 matches multiple "*" (matches a single token) wildcards and zero or one "..." wildcards (matches multiple tokens)

static String[] match2(List<String> pat, List<String> tok) {
  // standard case (no ...)
  int i = pat.indexOf("...");
  if (i < 0) return match2_match(pat, tok);
  
  pat = new ArrayList<String>(pat); // We're modifying it, so copy first
  pat.set(i, "*");
  while (pat.size() < tok.size()) {
    pat.add(i, "*");
    pat.add(i+1, ""); // doesn't matter
  }
  
  return match2_match(pat, tok);
}

static String[] match2_match(List<String> pat, List<String> tok) {
  List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
  if (pat.size() != tok.size()) {
    /*if (debug)
      print("Size mismatch: " + structure(pat) + " vs " + structure(tok));*/
    return null;
  }
  for (int i = 1; i < pat.size(); i += 2) {
    String p = pat.get(i), t = tok.get(i);
    /*if (debug)
      print("Checking " + p + " against " + t);*/
    if (eq(p, "*"))
      result.add(t);
    else if (!equalsIgnoreCase(unquote(p), unquote(t))) // bold change - match quoted and unquoted now
      return null;
  }
  return result.toArray(new String[result.size()]);
}


  static String format3(String pat, Object... args) {
    if (args.length == 0) return pat;
    
    List<String> tok = javaTokPlusPeriod(pat);
    int argidx = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i < tok.size(); i += 2)
      if (tok.get(i).equals("*"))
        tok.set(i, format3_formatArg(argidx < args.length ? args[argidx++] : "null"));
    return join(tok);
  }
  
  static String format3_formatArg(Object arg) {
    if (arg == null) return "null";
    if (arg instanceof String) {
      String s = (String) arg;
      return isIdentifier(s) || isNonNegativeInteger(s) ? s : quote(s);
    }
    if (arg instanceof Integer || arg instanceof Long) return String.valueOf(arg);
    return quote(structure(arg));
  }
static class Android3 {
  String greeting;
  boolean publicOverride; // optionally set this in client
  int startPort = 5000; // optionally set this in client
  Responder responder;
  boolean console = true;
  boolean daemon = false;
  boolean incomingSilent = false;
  boolean useMultiPort = true;
  
  // set by system
  int port;
  long vport;
  DialogHandler handler;
  ServerSocket server;
  
  Android3(String greeting) {
  this.greeting = greeting;}
  Android3() {}
  
  synchronized void dispose() {
    if (server == null) return;
    try {
      server.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      print("[internal] " + e);
    }
    server = null;
  }
}

static abstract class Responder {
  abstract String answer(String s, List<String> history);
}

static Android3 makeAndroid3(final String greeting) {
  return makeAndroid3(new Android3(greeting));
}

static Android3 makeAndroid3(final String greeting, Responder responder) {
  Android3 android = new Android3(greeting);
  android.responder = responder;
  return makeAndroid3(android);
}

static Android3 makeAndroid3(final Android3 a) {
  if (a.responder == null)
    a.responder = new Responder() {
      String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
        return callStaticAnswerMethod(s, history);
      }
    };
    
  if (a.useMultiPort) {
    a.vport = addToMultiPort(a.greeting, a.responder);
    if (a.vport == 1)
      makeAndroid3_handleConsole(a);
    return a;
  }
    
  print(a.greeting);
  
  a.handler = makeAndroid3_makeDialogHandler(a);
  a.port = a.daemon
    ? startDialogServerOnPortAboveDaemon(a.startPort, a.handler)
    : startDialogServerOnPortAbove(a.startPort, a.handler);
  a.server = startDialogServer_serverSocket;

  if (a.console && makeAndroid3_consoleInUse()) a.console = false;
  
  if (a.console)
    makeAndroid3_handleConsole(a);

  record(a);
  return a;
}

static void makeAndroid3_handleConsole(final Android3 a) {
  // Console handling stuff
  print("You may also type on this console.");
  Thread _t_0 = new Thread() {
public void run() {
try {

    List<String> history = new ArrayList<String>();
    String line;
    while ((line = readLine()) != null) {
      if (line == "bye") {
        print("> bye stranger");
        history = new ArrayList<String>();
      } else {
        history.add(line);
        history.add(makeAndroid3_getAnswer(line, history, a)); // prints answer on console too
      }
    }
  } catch (Exception _e) {
  throw _e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) _e : new RuntimeException(_e); } }
};
_t_0.start();
}

static DialogHandler makeAndroid3_makeDialogHandler(final Android3 a) {
  return new DialogHandler() {
public void run(final DialogIO io) {

    if (!a.publicOverride && !(publicCommOn() || io.isLocalConnection())) {
      io.sendLine("Sorry, not allowed");
      return;
    }
    
    String dialogID = randomID(8);
    
    io.sendLine(a.greeting + " / Your ID: " + dialogID);
    
    List<String> history = new ArrayList<String>();
    
    while (io.isStillConnected()) {
      if (io.waitForLine()) {
        final String line = io.readLineNoBlock();
        String s = dialogID + " at " + now() + ": " + quote(line);
        if (!a.incomingSilent)
          print(s);
        if (line == "bye") {
          io.sendLine("bye stranger");
          return;
        }
        Matches m = new Matches();
        history.add(line);
        String answer;
        if (match3("this is a continuation of talk *", s, m)
          || match3("hello bot! this is a continuation of talk *", s, m)) {
          dialogID = unquote(m.m[0]);
          answer = "ok";
        } else
          answer = makeAndroid3_getAnswer(line, history, a);
        history.add(answer);
        io.sendLine(answer);
        //appendToLog(logFile, s);
      }
    }
  
}};
}

static String makeAndroid3_getAnswer(String line, List<String> history, Android3 a) {
  String answer;
  try {
    answer = makeAndroid3_fallback(line, history, a.responder.answer(line, history));
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e = getInnerException(e);
    e.printStackTrace();
    answer = e.toString();
  }
  if (!a.incomingSilent)
    print("> " + shorten(answer, 500));
  return answer;
}

static String makeAndroid3_fallback(String s, List<String> history, String answer) {
  // Now we only do the safe thing instead of VM inspection - give out our process ID
  if (answer == null && match3("what is your pid", s))
    return getPID();
    
  if (answer == null && match3("what is your program id", s)) // should be fairly safe, right?
    return getProgramID();
    
  if (match3("get injection id", s))
    return getInjectionID();
    
  if (answer == null) answer = "?";
  if (answer.indexOf('\n') >= 0 || answer.indexOf('\r') >= 0)
    answer = quote(answer);
  return answer;
}

static boolean makeAndroid3_consoleInUse() {
  for (Object o : record_list)
    if (o instanceof Android3 && ((Android3) o).console)
      return true;
  return false;
}


  static List<String> parse3(String s) {
    return dropPunctuation(javaTokPlusPeriod(s));
  }

static void sleep(long ms) {
  try {
    Thread.sleep(ms);
  } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
}

static void sleep() { try {
 
  print("Sleeping.");
  synchronized(main.class) { main.class.wait(); }

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

public static long parseSnippetID(String snippetID) {
  long id = Long.parseLong(shortenSnippetID(snippetID));
  if (id == 0) fail("0 is not a snippet ID");
  return id;
}

  static String quote(String s) {
    if (s == null) return "null";
    return "\"" + s.replace("\\", "\\\\").replace("\"", "\\\"").replace("\r", "\\r").replace("\n", "\\n") + "\"";
  }
  
  static String quote(long l) {
    return quote("" + l);
  }


static int newFindBot_botVM;

static synchronized DialogIO newFindBot(String name) {
  if (newFindBot_botVM == 0) {
    print("Looking for Bot VM.");
    List<ProgramScan.Program> botVMs = quickBotScan("This is a JavaX VM. Bot VM.");
    if (!botVMs.isEmpty()) {
      newFindBot_botVM = botVMs.get(0).port;
      print("Bot VM is at port " + newFindBot_botVM + ".");
    }
  }
  
  if (newFindBot_botVM != 0) {
    DialogIO io = talkTo(newFindBot_botVM);
    String q = format("has bot *", name);
    String s = io.ask(q);
    //print(format("Answer of Bot VM to *: *", q, s));
    
    if (match("yes", s)) {
      io = talkToSubBot(name, io);
      call(io, "pushback", "?"); // put some hello string in (yes, this should be improved.)
      return io;
    }
  }
  
  return findBot(name);
}

static Class getMainClass() { try {
 
  return Class.forName("main");

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

  public static String loadPageSilently(String url) {
    try {
      return loadPageSilently(new URL(loadPage_preprocess(url)));
    } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
  }

  public static String loadPageSilently(URL url) {
    try {
      IOException e = null;
      for (int tries = 0; tries < 60; tries++)
        try {
          URLConnection con = url.openConnection();
          return loadPage(con, url);
        } catch (IOException _e) {
          e = _e;
          print("Retrying because of: " + e);
          sleepSeconds(1);
        }
      throw e;
    } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
  }

  static String loadPage_preprocess(String url) {  
    if (url.startsWith("tb/"))
      url = "tinybrain.de:8080/" + url;
    if (url.indexOf("://") < 0)
      url = "http://" + url;
    return url;
  }
  
  public static String loadPage(String url) {
    try {
      return loadPage(new URL(loadPage_preprocess(url)));
    } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
  }
  
  public static String loadPage(URL url) {
    print("Loading: " + url.toExternalForm());
    return loadPageSilently(url);
  }

  public static String loadPage(URLConnection con, URL url) throws IOException {
    String contentType = con.getContentType();
    if (contentType == null)
      throw new IOException("Page could not be read: " + url);
    //Log.info("Content-Type: " + contentType);
    String charset = loadPage_guessCharset(contentType);
    Reader r = new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream(), charset);
    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
    while (true) {
      int ch = r.read();
      if (ch < 0)
        break;
      //Log.info("Chars read: " + buf.length());
      buf.append((char) ch);
    }
    return buf.toString();
  }
  
  static String loadPage_guessCharset(String contentType) {
    Pattern p = Pattern.compile("text/html;\\s+charset=([^\\s]+)\\s*");
    Matcher m = p.matcher(contentType);
    /* If Content-Type doesn't match this pre-conception, choose default and hope for the best. */
    return m.matches() ? m.group(1) : "ISO-8859-1";
  }


  // covers the common cases
  static String getBotNameFromSnippet(String programID) { try {
 
    String src = loadSnippet(programID);
    List<String> tok = javaTok(src);
    String[] m;
    for (String pat : litlist(
      "new Android3(*",
      "makeAndroid(*", "makeAndroid3(*", "makeSilentAndroid(*",
      "addToMultiPort(*")) {
      m = find2(javaTok(pat), tok);
      if (m != null && isQuoted(m[0])) return unquote(m[0]);
    }
    return null;
  
} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

  static RuntimeException fail() {
    throw new RuntimeException("fail");
  }
  
  static RuntimeException fail(Object msg) {
    throw new RuntimeException(String.valueOf(msg));
  }
  
  static RuntimeException fail(String msg) {
    throw new RuntimeException(unnull(msg));
  }
    
  static RuntimeException fail(String msg, Object... args) {
    throw new RuntimeException(format(msg, args));
  }

static StringBuffer print_log;

static void print() {
  print("");
}

static void print(Object o) {
  String s = String.valueOf(o) + "\n";
  synchronized(StringBuffer.class) {
    if (print_log == null) print_log = new StringBuffer();
  }
  print_log.append(s);
  System.out.print(s);
}

static void print(long l) {
  print(String.valueOf(l));
}

static void javaxBot(String botID) {
  startBotVM();
  if (injectTo("Bot VM", botID) == null)
    fail("Couldn't inject to Bot VM");
    //nohupJavax(botID);
}

static Object getOpt(Object o, String field) {
  if (o instanceof String) o = getBot ((String) o);
  if (o == null) return null;
  if (o instanceof Class) return getOpt((Class) o, field);
  
  if (o.getClass().getName().equals("main$DynamicObject"))
    return call(getOpt_raw(o, "fieldValues"), "get", field);
  
  if (o instanceof Map) return ((Map) o).get(field);
  
  return getOpt_raw(o, field);
}

static Object getOpt_raw(Object o, String field) {
  try {
    Field f = getOpt_findField(o.getClass(), field);
    if (f == null) return null;
    f.setAccessible(true);
    return f.get(o);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static Object getOpt(Class c, String field) {
  try {
    Field f = getOpt_findStaticField(c, field);
    if (f == null) return null;
    f.setAccessible(true);
    return f.get(null);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static Field getOpt_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return null;
}

static Field getOpt_findField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field))
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  return null;
}

static long waitForBotStartUp_timeoutSeconds = 60;

// returns address or fails
static String waitForBotStartUp(String botName) {
  for (int i = 0; i < waitForBotStartUp_timeoutSeconds; i++) {
    sleepSeconds(i == 0 ? 0 : 1);
    String addr = getBotAddress(botName);
    if (addr != null)
      return addr;
  }
  throw fail("Bot not found: " + quote(botName));
}

static boolean isIdentifier(String s) {
  return isJavaIdentifier(s);
}

static class Injection {
  int vmPort;
  String injectionID;
}

static Injection injectTo(int vmPort, String progID) {
  return injectTo(String.valueOf(vmPort), progID);
}

static Injection injectTo(String vmName, String progID) {
  String line = format3("Please inject program *.", progID);
  
  DialogIO injectionPoint = findBot(isInteger(vmName) ? vmName : "This is a JavaX VM. " + vmName);
  if (injectionPoint == null) return null;
  try {
    injectionPoint.readLine();
    String answer = injectionPoint.askLoudly(line);
    Matches m = new Matches();
    if (match3("OK. Injection ID: *", answer, m)) {
      Injection i = new Injection();
      i.vmPort = injectionPoint.getSocket().getPort();
      i.injectionID = m.unq(0);
      return i;
    }
    throw fail(answer);
  } finally {
    injectionPoint.close();
  }
}

static String shorten(String s, int max) {
  if (s == null) return "";
  return s.length() <= max ? s : s.substring(0, Math.min(s.length(), max)) + "...";
}

static boolean publicCommOn() {
  return "1".equals(loadTextFile(new File(userHome(), ".javax/public-communication")));
}

static List<Object> record_list = synchroList();

static void record(Object o) {
  record_list.add(o);
}

// supports the usual quotings (', ", variable length double brackets)
static boolean isQuoted(String s) {
  if (s.startsWith("'") || s.startsWith("\"")) return true;
  if (!s.startsWith("[")) return false;
  int i = 1;
  while (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '=') ++i;
  return i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '[';
  //return Pattern.compile("^\\[=*\\[").matcher(s).find();
}

static Object getBot(String botID) {
  return call(getMainBot(), "getBot", botID);
}


  public static String join(String glue, Iterable<String> strings) {
    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
    Iterator<String> i = strings.iterator();
    if (i.hasNext()) {
      buf.append(i.next());
      while (i.hasNext())
        buf.append(glue).append(i.next());
    }
    return buf.toString();
  }
  
  public static String join(String glue, String[] strings) {
    return join(glue, Arrays.asList(strings));
  }
  
  public static String join(Iterable<String> strings) {
    return join("", strings);
  }
  
  public static String join(String[] strings) {
    return join("", strings);
  }


static boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String a, String b) {
  return a == null ? b == null : a.equalsIgnoreCase(b);
}

static String shortenSnippetID(String snippetID) {
  if (snippetID.startsWith("#"))
    snippetID = snippetID.substring(1);
  String httpBlaBla = "http://tinybrain.de/";
  if (snippetID.startsWith(httpBlaBla))
    snippetID = snippetID.substring(httpBlaBla.length());
  return snippetID;
}

static boolean isNonNegativeInteger(String s) {
  return s != null && Pattern.matches("\\d+", s);
}

static String getInjectionID() {
  return (String) call(getJavaX(), "getInjectionID", getMainClass());
}

static boolean eq(Object a, Object b) {
  if (a == null) return b == null;
  if (a.equals(b)) return true;
  if (a instanceof BigInteger) {
    if (b instanceof Integer) return a.equals(BigInteger.valueOf((Integer) b));
    if (b instanceof Long) return a.equals(BigInteger.valueOf((Long) b));
  }
  return false;
}

// This is made for NL parsing.
// It's javaTok extended with "..." token, "$n" and "#n" and
// special quotes (which are converted to normal ones).

static List<String> javaTokPlusPeriod(String s) {
  List<String> tok = new ArrayList<String>();
  int l = s.length();
  
  int i = 0;
  while (i < l) {
    int j = i;
    char c; String cc;
    
    // scan for whitespace
    while (j < l) {
      c = s.charAt(j);
      cc = s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l));
      if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
        ++j;
      else if (cc.equals("/*")) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && !s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l)).equals("*/"));
        j = Math.min(j+2, l);
      } else if (cc.equals("//")) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && "\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) < 0);
      } else
        break;
    }
    
    tok.add(s.substring(i, j));
    i = j;
    if (i >= l) break;
    c = s.charAt(i);
    cc = s.substring(i, Math.min(i+2, l));

    // scan for non-whitespace
    if (c == '\u201C' || c == '\u201D') c = '"'; // normalize quotes
    if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
      char opener = c;
      ++j;
      while (j < l) {
        char _c = s.charAt(j);
        if (_c == '\u201C' || _c == '\u201D') _c = '"'; // normalize quotes
        if (_c == opener) {
          ++j;
          break;
        } else if (s.charAt(j) == '\\' && j+1 < l)
          j += 2;
        else
          ++j;
      }
      if (j-1 >= i+1) {
        tok.add(opener + s.substring(i+1, j-1) + opener);
        i = j;
        continue;
      }
    } else if (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && (Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)) || s.charAt(j) == '\'')); // for things like "this one's"
    else if (Character.isDigit(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
    else if (cc.equals("[[")) {
      do ++j; while (j+1 < l && !s.substring(j, j+2).equals("]]"));
      j = Math.min(j+2, l);
    } else if (s.substring(j, Math.min(j+3, l)).equals("..."))
      j += 3;
    else if (c == '$' || c == '#')
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
    else
      ++j;

    tok.add(s.substring(i, j));
    i = j;
  }
  
  if ((tok.size() % 2) == 0) tok.add("");
  return tok;
}


static DialogIO talkTo(int port) {
  return talkTo("localhost", port);
}

static DialogIO talkTo(String ip, int port) { try {
 
  final Socket s = new Socket(ip, port);    
  //print("Talking to " + ip + ":" + port);

  final Writer w = new OutputStreamWriter(s.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
  final BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
  return new DialogIO() {
    boolean isLocalConnection() {
      return s.getInetAddress().isLoopbackAddress();
    }
    
    boolean isStillConnected() {
      return !(eos || s.isClosed());
    }
    
    void sendLine(String line) { try {
 
      w.write(line + "\n");
      w.flush();
    
} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
    
    String readLineImpl() { try {
 
      return in.readLine();
    
} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
    
    void close() {
      try {
        s.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        // whatever
      }
    }
    
    Socket getSocket() {
      return s;
    }
  };

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

static DialogIO talkToSubBot(final long vport, final DialogIO io) {
  return talkToSubBot(String.valueOf(vport), io);
}

static DialogIO talkToSubBot(final String subBot, final DialogIO io) {
  if (subBot == null) return io;
  
  return new DialogIO() {
    // delegate all but sendLine
    boolean isStillConnected() { return io.isStillConnected(); }
    String readLineImpl() { return io.readLineImpl(); }
    boolean isLocalConnection() { return io.isLocalConnection(); }
    Socket getSocket() { return io.getSocket(); }
    void close() { io.close(); }

    void sendLine(String line) {
      io.sendLine(format3("please forward to bot *: *", subBot, line));
    }
  };
}

static Object addToMultiPort_responder;

static long addToMultiPort(final String botName) {
  return addToMultiPort(botName, new Object() {
    public String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
      String answer = (String) ( callOpt(getMainClass(), "answer", s, history));
      if (answer != null) return answer;
      answer = (String) callOpt(getMainClass(), "answer", s);
      if (answer != null) return answer;
      if (match3("get injection id", s))
        return getInjectionID();
      return null;
    }
  });
}

static long addToMultiPort(final String botName, final Object responder) {
  print(botName);
  addToMultiPort_responder = responder;
  startMultiPort();
  List ports = getMultiPorts();
  if (ports.isEmpty())
    fail("No multiports!");
  if (ports.size() > 1)
    print("Multiple multi-ports. Using last one.");
  Object port = last(ports);
  Object responder2 = new Object() {
    public String answer(String s, List<String> history) {
      if (match3("get injection id", s))
        return getInjectionID();
      if (match3("your name", s))
        return botName;
      return (String) call(responder, "answer", s, history);
    }
  };
  record(responder2);
  return (Long) call(port, "addResponder", botName, responder2);
}


static int getBotAddress_timeout = 5000;

static String getBotAddress(String searchPattern) {
  String subBot = "";
  int i = searchPattern.indexOf('/');
  if (i >= 0 && (isJavaIdentifier(searchPattern.substring(0, i)) || isInteger(searchPattern.substring(0, i)))) {
    subBot = searchPattern.substring(i);
    searchPattern = searchPattern.substring(0, i);
    if (!isInteger(searchPattern))
      searchPattern = "Multi-Port at " + searchPattern + ".";
  }
  
  // assume it's a port if it's an integer
  if (isInteger(searchPattern))
    return searchPattern + subBot;
    
  Integer port = findBot_cache.get(searchPattern);
  if (port != null) try {
    DialogIO io = talkTo("localhost", port);
    try {
      io.waitForLine(/*getBotAddress_timeout*/); // TODO: implement
      String line = io.readLineNoBlock();
      if (startsWithIgnoreCase(line, searchPattern))
        return port + subBot;
    } finally {
      io.close();
    }
  } catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  }
  
  List<ProgramScan.Program> bots = quickBotScan();
  
  // find top-level bots
  for (ProgramScan.Program p : bots) {
    if (indexOfIgnoreCase(p.helloString, searchPattern) == 0) { // strict matching - start of hello string only, but case-insensitive
      return p.port + subBot;
    }
  }
  
  // find sub-bots
  for (ProgramScan.Program p : bots) {
    String botName = firstPartOfHelloString(p.helloString);
    boolean isVM = startsWithIgnoreCase(p.helloString, "This is a JavaX VM.");
    boolean shouldRecurse = startsWithIgnoreCase(botName, "Multi-Port") || isVM;
        
    if (shouldRecurse) try {
      Map<Number, String> subBots = (Map) unstructure(sendToLocalBot(p.port, "list bots"));
      for (Number vport : subBots.keySet()) {
        String name = subBots.get(vport);
        if (startsWithIgnoreCase(name, searchPattern))
          return p.port + "/" + vport;
      }
    } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
  }
        
  return null;
}

static void sleepSeconds(long s) {
  if (s > 0) sleep(s*1000);
}


static class ProgramScan {
  static int threads = isWindows() ? 500 : 10;
  static int timeout = 5000; // hmm...
  static String ip = "127.0.0.1";
  static int quickScanFrom = 10000, quickScanTo = 10999;
  static int maxNumberOfBotPorts = 100;
  static boolean verbose;
  
  static class Program {
    int port;
    String helloString;
    
    Program(int port, String helloString) {
  this.helloString = helloString;
  this.port = port;}
  }
  
  static List<Program> scan() { try {
 
    return scan(1, 65535);
  
} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
  
  static List<Program> scan(int fromPort, int toPort) {
    return scan(fromPort, toPort, new int[0]);
  }
  
  static List<Program> scan(int fromPort, int toPort, int[] preferredPorts) { try {
 
    Set<Integer> preferredPortsSet = new HashSet<Integer>(asList(preferredPorts));
    String name = toPort < 10000 ? "bot" : "program";
    final ExecutorService es = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threads);
    if (verbose) print(firstToUpper(name) + "-scanning " + ip + " with timeout " + timeout + " ms in " + threads + " threads.");
    startTiming();
    List<Future<Program>> futures = new ArrayList<Future<Program>>();
    for (int port : preferredPorts)
      futures.add(checkPort(es, ip, port, timeout));
    for (int port = fromPort; port <= toPort; port++)
      if (!preferredPortsSet.contains(port))
        futures.add(checkPort(es, ip, port, timeout));
    es.shutdown();
    List<Program> programs = new ArrayList<Program>();
    for (final Future<Program> f : futures) {
      Program p = f.get();
      if (p != null)
        programs.add(p);
    }
    stopTiming();
    if (verbose) print("Found " + programs.size() + " " + name + "(s) on " + ip);
    return programs;
  
} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

  static Future<Program> checkPort(final ExecutorService es, final String ip, final int port, final int timeout) {
    return es.submit(new Callable<Program>() {
        @Override public Program call() {
          try {
            Socket socket = new Socket();
            socket.setSoTimeout(timeout);
            socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(ip, port), timeout);
            if (verbose) print("Connected to " + ip + ":" + port);
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
              new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
            String hello = or(in.readLine(), "?");
            socket.close();
            return new Program(port, hello);
          } catch (Exception ex) {
            return null;
          }
        }
     });
  }
  
  static List<Program> quickScan() {
    return scan(quickScanFrom, quickScanTo);
  }
  
  static List<Program> quickBotScan() {
    return quickBotScan(new int[0]);
  }
  
  static List<Program> quickBotScan(int[] preferredPorts) {
    return scan(4990, 5000+maxNumberOfBotPorts-1, preferredPorts);
  }
} // ProgramScan

static List<ProgramScan.Program> quickBotScan() {
  return ProgramScan.quickBotScan();
}

static List<ProgramScan.Program> quickBotScan(int[] preferredPorts) {
  return ProgramScan.quickBotScan(preferredPorts);
}

static List<ProgramScan.Program> quickBotScan(String searchPattern) {
  List<ProgramScan.Program> l = new ArrayList<ProgramScan.Program>();
  for (ProgramScan.Program p : ProgramScan.quickBotScan())
    if (indexOfIgnoreCase(p.helloString, searchPattern) == 0)
      l.add(p);
  return l;
}


static String programID;

static String getProgramID() {
  return programID;
}

// TODO: ask JavaX instead
static String getProgramID(Class c) {
  return or((String) getOpt(c, "programID"), "?");
}

// replacement for class JavaTok
// maybe incomplete, might want to add floating point numbers
// todo also: extended multi-line strings

static List<String> javaTok(String s) {
  List<String> tok = new ArrayList<String>();
  int l = s.length();
  
  int i = 0;
  while (i < l) {
    int j = i;
    char c; String cc;
    
    // scan for whitespace
    while (j < l) {
      c = s.charAt(j);
      cc = s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l));
      if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
        ++j;
      else if (cc.equals("/*")) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && !s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l)).equals("*/"));
        j = Math.min(j+2, l);
      } else if (cc.equals("//")) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && "\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) < 0);
      } else
        break;
    }
    
    tok.add(s.substring(i, j));
    i = j;
    if (i >= l) break;
    c = s.charAt(i); // cc is not needed in rest of loop body
    cc = s.substring(i, Math.min(i+2, l));

    // scan for non-whitespace
    if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
      char opener = c;
      ++j;
      while (j < l) {
        if (s.charAt(j) == opener || s.charAt(j) == '\n') { // end at \n to not propagate unclosed string literal errors
          ++j;
          break;
        } else if (s.charAt(j) == '\\' && j+1 < l)
          j += 2;
        else
          ++j;
      }
    } else if (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && (Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)) || "'".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) >= 0)); // for stuff like "don't"
    else if (Character.isDigit(c)) {
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
      if (j < l && s.charAt(j) == 'L') ++j; // Long constants like 1L
    } else if (cc.equals("[[")) {
      do ++j; while (j+1 < l && !s.substring(j, j+2).equals("]]"));
      j = Math.min(j+2, l);
    } else
      ++j;

    tok.add(s.substring(i, j));
    i = j;
  }
  
  if ((tok.size() % 2) == 0) tok.add("");
  return tok;
}

static List<String> javaTok(List<String> tok) {
  return javaTok(join(tok));
}


  static String unnull(String s) {
    return s == null ? "" : s;
  }
  
  static List unnull(List l) {
    return l == null ? emptyList() : l;
  }

  static AtomicInteger dialogServer_clients = new AtomicInteger();
  static boolean dialogServer_printConnects;
  
  static Set<String> dialogServer_knownClients = synchroTreeSet();
  
  static int startDialogServerOnPortAbove(int port, DialogHandler handler) {
    while (!startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(port, handler))
      ++port;
    return port;
  }
  
  static int startDialogServerOnPortAboveDaemon(int port, DialogHandler handler) {
    while (!startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(port, handler, true))
      ++port;
    return port;
  }
  
  static void startDialogServer(int port, DialogHandler handler) {
    if (!startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(port, handler))
      fail("Can't start dialog server on port " + port);
  }
  
  static boolean startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(int port, final DialogHandler handler) {
    return startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(port, handler, false);
  }
  
  static ServerSocket startDialogServer_serverSocket;
    
  static boolean startDialogServerIfPortAvailable(int port, final DialogHandler handler, boolean daemon) {
    ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
    try {
      serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      // probably the port number is used - let's assume there already is a chat server.
      return false;
    }
    final ServerSocket _serverSocket = serverSocket;
    startDialogServer_serverSocket = serverSocket;

    Thread thread = new Thread("Socket accept port " + port) { public void run() {
     try {
      while (true) {
        try {
          final Socket s = _serverSocket.accept();
          
          String client = s.getInetAddress().toString();
          if (!dialogServer_knownClients.contains(client)) {
            print("connect from " + client + " - clients: " + dialogServer_clients.incrementAndGet());
            dialogServer_knownClients.add(client);
          }
          
          String threadName = "Handling client " + s.getInetAddress();

          Thread t2 = new Thread(threadName) {
           public void run() {
            try {
              final Writer w = new OutputStreamWriter(s.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
              final BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
                new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
                
              DialogIO io = new DialogIO() {
              
                // This should be the same as #1001076 (talkTo)
              
    boolean isLocalConnection() {
      return s.getInetAddress().isLoopbackAddress();
    }
    
    boolean isStillConnected() {
      return !(eos || s.isClosed());
    }
    
    void sendLine(String line) { try {
 
      w.write(line + "\n");
      w.flush();
    
} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
    
    String readLineImpl() { try {
 
      return in.readLine();
    
} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}
    
    void close() {
      try {
        s.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        // whatever
      }
    }
    
    Socket getSocket() {
      return s;
    }
    };
              
              try {
                handler.run(io);
              } finally {
                s.close();
              }
            } catch (IOException e) {
              print("[internal] " + e);
            } finally {
              //print("client disconnect - " + dialogServer_clients.decrementAndGet() + " remaining");
            }
           }
          }; // Thread t2
          t2.setDaemon(true); // ?
          t2.start();
        } catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
        }
      }   
     } catch (IOException e) {
       print("[internal] " + e);
     }
    }};
    if (daemon) thread.setDaemon(true);
    thread.start();
   
    print("Dialog server on port " + port + " started."); 
    return true;
  }

static <A> ArrayList<A> litlist(A... a) {
  return new ArrayList<A>(Arrays.asList(a));
}

static long now_virtualTime;
static long now() {
  return now_virtualTime != 0 ? now_virtualTime : System.currentTimeMillis();
}


// We dropped the "***" support here (use match3 for that)

static String[] find2(List<String> pat, List<String> tok) {
  for (int idx = 0; idx < tok.size(); idx += 2) {
    String[] result = find2(pat, tok, idx);
    if (result != null) return result;
  }
  return null;
}

static String[] find2(List<String> pat, List<String> tok, int idx) {
  if (idx+pat.size() > tok.size())
    return null;
  List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
  for (int i = 1; i < pat.size(); i += 2) {
    String p = pat.get(i), t = tok.get(idx+i);
    if (eq(p, "*"))
      result.add(t);
    else if (!p.equalsIgnoreCase(t))
      return null;
  }
  return toStringArray(result);
}


  static boolean preferCached = false;

  public static String loadSnippet(String snippetID) {
    try {
      return loadSnippet(parseSnippetID(snippetID), preferCached);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

  public static String loadSnippet(String snippetID, boolean preferCached) throws IOException {
    return loadSnippet(parseSnippetID(snippetID), preferCached);
  }

  public static String loadSnippet(long snippetID, boolean preferCached) throws IOException {
    String text = getSnippetFromBossBot(snippetID);
    if (text != null) return text;
    
    initSnippetCache();
    text = DiskSnippetCache_get(snippetID);
    
    if (preferCached && text != null)
      return text;
    
    try {
      if (text != null) System.err.println("md5: " + md5(text));
      URL url = new URL("http://tinybrain.de:8080/getraw.php?id=" + snippetID + "&utf8=1");
      text = loadPage(url);
    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      throw new IOException("Snippet #" + snippetID + " not found or not public");
    }

    try {
      initSnippetCache();
      DiskSnippetCache_put(snippetID, text);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      System.err.println("Minor warning: Couldn't save snippet to cache ("  + DiskSnippetCache_getDir() + ")");
    }

    return text;
  }

  static File DiskSnippetCache_dir;

  public static void initDiskSnippetCache(File dir) {
    DiskSnippetCache_dir = dir;
    dir.mkdirs();
  }

  public static synchronized String DiskSnippetCache_get(long snippetID) throws IOException {
    return loadTextFile(DiskSnippetCache_getFile(snippetID).getPath(), null);
  }

  private static File DiskSnippetCache_getFile(long snippetID) {
    return new File(DiskSnippetCache_dir, "" + snippetID);
  }

  public static synchronized void DiskSnippetCache_put(long snippetID, String snippet) throws IOException {
    saveTextFile(DiskSnippetCache_getFile(snippetID).getPath(), snippet);
  }

  public static File DiskSnippetCache_getDir() {
    return DiskSnippetCache_dir;
  }

  public static void initSnippetCache() {
    if (DiskSnippetCache_dir == null)
      initDiskSnippetCache(new File(System.getProperty("user.home"), ".tinybrain/snippet-cache"));
  }
  

static void startBotVM() {
  startBotSeparateVM("This is a JavaX VM. Bot VM.", "#1001710");
}

// try to get our current process ID
static String getPID() {
  String name = ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().getName();
  return name.replaceAll("@.*", "");
}

  public static String unquote(String s) {
    if (s.startsWith("[")) {
      int i = 1;
      while (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '=') ++i;
      if (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '[') {
        String m = s.substring(1, i);
        if (s.endsWith("]" + m + "]"))
          return s.substring(i+1, s.length()-i-1);
      }
    }
    
    if (s.startsWith("\"") && s.endsWith("\"") && s.length() > 1) {
      String st = s.substring(1, s.length()-1);
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(st.length());
  
      for (int i = 0; i < st.length(); i++) {
        char ch = st.charAt(i);
        if (ch == '\\') {
          char nextChar = (i == st.length() - 1) ? '\\' : st
                  .charAt(i + 1);
          // Octal escape?
          if (nextChar >= '0' && nextChar <= '7') {
              String code = "" + nextChar;
              i++;
              if ((i < st.length() - 1) && st.charAt(i + 1) >= '0'
                      && st.charAt(i + 1) <= '7') {
                  code += st.charAt(i + 1);
                  i++;
                  if ((i < st.length() - 1) && st.charAt(i + 1) >= '0'
                          && st.charAt(i + 1) <= '7') {
                      code += st.charAt(i + 1);
                      i++;
                  }
              }
              sb.append((char) Integer.parseInt(code, 8));
              continue;
          }
          switch (nextChar) {
          case '\\':
              ch = '\\';
              break;
          case 'b':
              ch = '\b';
              break;
          case 'f':
              ch = '\f';
              break;
          case 'n':
              ch = '\n';
              break;
          case 'r':
              ch = '\r';
              break;
          case 't':
              ch = '\t';
              break;
          case '\"':
              ch = '\"';
              break;
          case '\'':
              ch = '\'';
              break;
          // Hex Unicode: u????
          case 'u':
              if (i >= st.length() - 5) {
                  ch = 'u';
                  break;
              }
              int code = Integer.parseInt(
                      "" + st.charAt(i + 2) + st.charAt(i + 3)
                              + st.charAt(i + 4) + st.charAt(i + 5), 16);
              sb.append(Character.toChars(code));
              i += 5;
              continue;
          default:
            ch = nextChar; // added by Stefan
          }
          i++;
        }
        sb.append(ch);
      }
      return sb.toString();      
    } else
      return s; // return original
  }

static List<String> dropPunctuation_keep = litlist("*", "<", ">");

static List<String> dropPunctuation(List<String> tok) {
  tok = new ArrayList<String>(tok);
  for (int i = 1; i < tok.size(); i += 2) {
    String t = tok.get(i);
    if (t.length() == 1 && !Character.isLetter(t.charAt(0)) && !Character.isDigit(t.charAt(0)) && !dropPunctuation_keep.contains(t)) {
      tok.set(i-1, tok.get(i-1) + tok.get(i+1));
      tok.remove(i);
      tok.remove(i);
      i -= 2;
    }
  }
  return tok;
}

static String dropPunctuation(String s) {
  return join(dropPunctuation(nlTok(s)));
}

static String callStaticAnswerMethod(List<Class> bots, String s) {
  for (Class c : bots) try {
    String answer = callStaticAnswerMethod(c, s);
    if (!empty(answer)) return answer;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    print("Error calling " + getProgramID(c));
    e.printStackTrace();
  }
  return null;
}

static String callStaticAnswerMethod(Class c, String s) {
  String answer = (String) callOpt(c, "answer", s, litlist(s));
  if (answer == null)
    answer = (String) callOpt(c, "answer", s);
  return emptyToNull(answer);
}

static String callStaticAnswerMethod(String s, List<String> history) {
  String answer = (String) callOpt(getMainClass(), "answer", s, history);
  if (answer == null)
    answer = (String) callOpt(getMainClass(), "answer", s);
  return emptyToNull(answer);
}

static Map<String, Integer> findBot_cache = new TreeMap<String, Integer>();
static int findBot_timeout = 5000;

static DialogIO findBot(String searchPattern) {
  // first split off sub-bot suffix
  String subBot = null;
  int i = searchPattern.indexOf('/');
  if (i >= 0 && (isJavaIdentifier(searchPattern.substring(0, i)) || isInteger(searchPattern.substring(0, i)))) {
    subBot = searchPattern.substring(i+1);
    searchPattern = searchPattern.substring(0, i);
    if (!isInteger(searchPattern))
      searchPattern = "Multi-Port at " + searchPattern + ".";
  }
  
  // assume it's a port if it's an integer
  if (isInteger(searchPattern))
    return talkToSubBot(subBot, talkTo(parseInt(searchPattern)));
    
  if (eq(searchPattern, "remote"))
    return talkToSubBot(subBot, talkTo("second.tinybrain.de", 4999));
    
  Integer port = findBot_cache.get(searchPattern);
  if (port != null) try {
    DialogIO io = talkTo("localhost", port);
    io.waitForLine(/*findBot_timeout*/); // TODO: implement
    String line = io.readLineNoBlock();
    if (indexOfIgnoreCase(line, searchPattern) == 0) {
      call(io, "pushback", line); // put hello string back in
      return talkToSubBot(subBot, io);
    }
  } catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  }
  
  List<ProgramScan.Program> bots = quickBotScan();
  
  // find top-level bots
  for (ProgramScan.Program p : bots) {
    if (indexOfIgnoreCase(p.helloString, searchPattern) == 0) { // strict matching - start of hello string only, but case-insensitive
      findBot_cache.put(searchPattern, p.port);
      return talkToSubBot(subBot, talkTo("localhost", p.port));
    }
  }
  
  // find sub-bots
  for (ProgramScan.Program p : bots) {
    String botName = firstPartOfHelloString(p.helloString);
    boolean isVM = startsWithIgnoreCase(p.helloString, "This is a JavaX VM.");
    boolean shouldRecurse = startsWithIgnoreCase(botName, "Multi-Port") || isVM;
        
    if (shouldRecurse) try {
      Map<Number, String> subBots = (Map) unstructure(sendToLocalBot(p.port, "list bots"));
      for (Number vport : subBots.keySet()) {
        String name = subBots.get(vport);
        if (startsWithIgnoreCase(name, searchPattern))
          return talkToSubBot(vport.longValue(), talkTo("localhost", p.port));
      }
    } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
  }
        
  return null;
}

static BufferedReader readLine_reader;

static String readLine() {
  return (String) call(getJavaX(), "readLine");
}

static Throwable getInnerException(Throwable e) {
  while (e.getCause() != null)
    e = e.getCause();
  return e;
}

static String structure(Object o) {
  return structure(o, 0);
}

// leave to false, unless unstructure() breaks
static boolean structure_allowShortening = false;
  
static String structure(Object o, int stringSizeLimit) {
  if (o == null) return "null";
  String name = o.getClass().getName();
  
  StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
  
  if (o instanceof Collection) { // TODO: store the type (e.g. HashSet/TreeSet)
    for (Object x : (Collection) o) {
      if (buf.length() != 0) buf.append(", ");
      buf.append(structure(x, stringSizeLimit));
    }
    return "[" + buf + "]";
  }
  
  if (o instanceof Map) {
    for (Object e : ((Map) o).entrySet()) {
      if (buf.length() != 0) buf.append(", ");
      buf.append(structure(((Map.Entry) e).getKey(), stringSizeLimit));
      buf.append("=");
      buf.append(structure(((Map.Entry) e).getValue(), stringSizeLimit));
    }
    return (o instanceof HashMap ? "hashmap" : "") + "{" + buf + "}";
  }
  
  if (o.getClass().isArray()) {
    int n = Array.getLength(o);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      if (buf.length() != 0) buf.append(", ");
      buf.append(structure(Array.get(o, i), stringSizeLimit));
    }
    return "array{" + buf + "}";
  }

  if (o instanceof String)
    return quote(stringSizeLimit != 0 ? shorten((String) o, stringSizeLimit) : (String) o);
    
  if (o instanceof Class)
    return "class(" + quote(((Class) o).getName()) + ")";
    
  if (o instanceof Throwable)
    return "exception(" + quote(((Throwable) o).getMessage()) + ")";
    
  if (o instanceof BigInteger)
    return "bigint(" + o + ")";
  
  if (o instanceof Double)
    return "d(" + quote(str(o)) + ")";
    
  if (o instanceof Long)
    return o + "L";
  
  // Need more cases? This should cover all library classes...
  if (name.startsWith("java.") || name.startsWith("javax."))
    return String.valueOf(o);
    
  String shortName = o.getClass().getName().replaceAll("^main\\$", "");
  
  int numFields = 0;
  String fieldName = "";
  if (shortName.equals("DynamicObject")) {
    shortName = (String) get(o, "className");
    Map<String, Object> fieldValues = (Map) get(o, "fieldValues");
    
    for (String _fieldName : fieldValues.keySet()) {
      fieldName = _fieldName;
      Object value = fieldValues.get(fieldName);
      if (value != null) {
        if (buf.length() != 0) buf.append(", ");
        buf.append(fieldName + "=" + structure(value, stringSizeLimit));
      }
      ++numFields;
   }
  } else {
    // regular class
    // TODO: go to superclasses too
    Field[] fields = o.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
    for (Field field : fields) {
      if ((field.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        continue;
      Object value;
      try {
        field.setAccessible(true);
        value = field.get(o);
      } catch (Exception e) {
        value = "?";
      }
      
      fieldName = field.getName();
      
      // put special cases here...
  
      if (value != null) {
        if (buf.length() != 0) buf.append(", ");
        buf.append(fieldName + "=" + structure(value, stringSizeLimit));
      }
      ++numFields;
    }
  }
  
  String b = buf.toString();
  
  if (numFields == 1 && structure_allowShortening)
    b = b.replaceAll("^" + fieldName + "=", ""); // drop field name if only one
  String s = shortName;
  if (buf.length() != 0)
    s += "(" + b + ")";
  return s;
}

  // varargs assignment fixer for a single string array argument
  static Object call(Object o, String method, String[] arg) {
    return call(o, method, new Object[] {arg});
  }
  
  static Object call(Object o, String method, Object... args) {
    try {
      if (o instanceof Class) {
        Method m = call_findStaticMethod((Class) o, method, args, false);
        m.setAccessible(true);
        return m.invoke(null, args);
      } else {
        Method m = call_findMethod(o, method, args, false);
        m.setAccessible(true);
        return m.invoke(o, args);
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) e : new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

  static Method call_findStaticMethod(Class c, String method, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    Class _c = c;
    while (c != null) {
      for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods()) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Checking method " + m.getName() + " with " + m.getParameterTypes().length + " parameters");;
        if (!m.getName().equals(method)) {
          if (debug) System.out.println("Method name mismatch: " + method);
          continue;
        }

        if ((m.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0 || !call_checkArgs(m, args, debug))
          continue;

        return m;
      }
      c = c.getSuperclass();
    }
    throw new RuntimeException("Method '" + method + "' (static) with " + args.length + " parameter(s) not found in " + _c.getName());
  }

  static Method call_findMethod(Object o, String method, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    Class c = o.getClass();
    while (c != null) {
      for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods()) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Checking method " + m.getName() + " with " + m.getParameterTypes().length + " parameters");;
        if (m.getName().equals(method) && call_checkArgs(m, args, debug))
          return m;
      }
      c = c.getSuperclass();
    }
    throw new RuntimeException("Method '" + method + "' (non-static) with " + args.length + " parameter(s) not found in " + o.getClass().getName());
  }

  private static boolean call_checkArgs(Method m, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    Class<?>[] types = m.getParameterTypes();
    if (types.length != args.length) {
      if (debug)
        System.out.println("Bad parameter length: " + args.length + " vs " + types.length);
      return false;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++)
      if (!(args[i] == null || isInstanceX(types[i], args[i]))) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Bad parameter " + i + ": " + args[i] + " vs " + types[i]);
        return false;
      }
    return true;
  }



static String randomID(int length) {
  return makeRandomID(length);
}

static String str(Object o) {
  return String.valueOf(o);
}

static boolean isJavaIdentifier(String s) {
  if (s.length() == 0 || !Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(s.charAt(0)))
    return false;
  for (int i = 1; i < s.length(); i++)
    if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(i)))
      return false;
  return true;
}

static <A> Set<A> synchroTreeSet() {
  return Collections.synchronizedSet(new TreeSet<A>());
}


static class DynamicObject {
  String className;
  Map<String, Object> fieldValues = new TreeMap<String, Object>();
}

static Object unstructure(String text) {
  return unstructure(text, false);
}

// actually it's now almost the same as jsonDecode :)
static Object unstructure(String text, final boolean allDynamic) {
  final List<String> tok = javaTok(text);
  
  class X {
    int i = 1;

    Object parse() {
      String t = tok.get(i);
      if (t.startsWith("\"")) {
        String s = unquote(tok.get(i));
        i += 2;
        return s;
      }
      if (t.equals("hashmap"))
        return parseHashMap();
      if (t.equals("{"))
        return parseMap();
      if (t.equals("["))
        return parseList();
      if (t.equals("array"))
        return parseArray();
      if (t.equals("class"))
        return parseClass();
      if (t.equals("bigint"))
        return parseBigInt();
      if (t.equals("d"))
        return parseDouble();
      if (t.equals("null")) {
        i += 2; return null;
      }
      if (t.equals("false")) {
        i += 2; return false;
      }
      if (t.equals("true")) {
        i += 2; return true;
      }
      if (t.equals("-")) {
        t = tok.get(i+2);
        i += 4;
        t = dropSuffix("L", t);
        long l = -Long.parseLong(t);
        return l == (int) l ? (int) l : l;
      }
      if (isInteger(t) || isLongConstant(t)) {
        i += 2;
        t = dropSuffix("L", t);
        long l = Long.parseLong(t);
        return l == (int) l ? (int) l : l;
      }
      if (isJavaIdentifier(t)) {
        Class c = allDynamic ? null : findClass(t);
        DynamicObject dO = null;
        Object o = null;
        if (c != null)
          o = nuObject(c);
        else {
          dO = new DynamicObject();
          dO.className = t;
        }
        i += 2;
        if (i < tok.size() && tok.get(i).equals("(")) {
          consume("(");
          while (!tok.get(i).equals(")")) {
            // It's like parsing a map.
            //Object key = parse();
            //if (tok.get(i).equals(")"))
            //  key = onlyField();
            String key = unquote(tok.get(i));
            i += 2;
            consume("=");
            Object value = parse();
            if (o != null)
              setOpt(o, key, value);
            else
              dO.fieldValues.put(key, value);
            if (tok.get(i).equals(",")) i += 2;
          }
          consume(")");
        }
        return o != null ? o : dO;
      }
      throw new RuntimeException("Unknown token " + (i+1) + ": " + t);
    }
    
    Object parseList() {
      consume("[");
      List list = new ArrayList();
      while (!tok.get(i).equals("]")) {
        list.add(parse());
        if (tok.get(i).equals(",")) i += 2;
      }
      consume("]");
      return list;
    }
    
    Object parseArray() {
      consume("array");
      consume("{");
      List list = new ArrayList();
      while (!tok.get(i).equals("}")) {
        list.add(parse());
        if (tok.get(i).equals(",")) i += 2;
      }
      consume("}");
      return list.toArray();
    }
    
    Object parseClass() {
      consume("class");
      consume("(");
      String name = tok.get(i);
      i += 2;
      consume(")");
      Class c = allDynamic ? null : findClass(name);
      if (c != null) return c;
      DynamicObject dO = new DynamicObject();
      dO.className = "java.lang.Class";
      dO.fieldValues.put("name", name);
      return dO;
    }
    
    Object parseBigInt() {
      consume("bigint");
      consume("(");
      String val = tok.get(i);
      i += 2;
      if (eq(val, "-")) {
        val = "-" + tok.get(i);
        i += 2;
      }
      consume(")");
      return new BigInteger(val);
    }
    
    Object parseDouble() {
      consume("d");
      consume("(");
      String val = unquote(tok.get(i));
      i += 2;
      consume(")");
      return Double.parseDouble(val);
    }
    
    Object parseHashMap() {
      consume("hashmap");
      return parseMap(new HashMap());
    }
    
    Object parseMap() {
      return parseMap(new TreeMap());
    }
    
    Object parseMap(Map map) {
      consume("{");
      while (!tok.get(i).equals("}")) {
        Object key = unstructure(tok.get(i));
        i += 2;
        consume("=");
        Object value = parse();
        map.put(key, value);
        if (tok.get(i).equals(",")) i += 2;
      }
      consume("}");
      return map;
    }
    
    void consume(String s) {
      if (!tok.get(i).equals(s)) {
        String prevToken = i-2 >= 0 ? tok.get(i-2) : "";
        String nextTokens = join(tok.subList(i, Math.min(i+4, tok.size())));
        fail(quote(s) + " expected: " + prevToken + " " + nextTokens + " (" + i + "/" + tok.size() + ")");
      }
      i += 2;
    }
  }
  
  return new X().parse();
}

static Object mainBot;

static Object getMainBot() {
  return mainBot;
}

static String _userHome;
static String userHome() {
  if (_userHome == null) {
    if (isAndroid())
      _userHome = "/storage/sdcard0/";
    else
      _userHome = System.getProperty("user.home");
    //System.out.println("userHome: " + _userHome);
  }
  return _userHome;
}


// get purpose 1: access a list/array (safer version of x.get(y))

static <A> A get(List<A> l, int idx) {
  return idx >= 0 && idx < l(l) ? l.get(idx) : null;
}

static <A> A get(A[] l, int idx) {
  return idx >= 0 && idx < l(l) ? l[idx] : null;
}

// get purpose 2: access a field by reflection

static Object get(Object o, String field) {
  if (o instanceof Class) return get((Class) o, field);
  
  if (o.getClass().getName().equals("main$DynamicObject"))
    return call(get_raw(o, "fieldValues"), "get", field);
    
  return get_raw(o, field);
}

static Object get_raw(Object o, String field) {
  try {
    Field f = get_findField(o.getClass(), field);
    f.setAccessible(true);
    return f.get(o);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static Object get(Class c, String field) {
  try {
    Field f = get_findStaticField(c, field);
    f.setAccessible(true);
    return f.get(null);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static Field get_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  throw new RuntimeException("Static field '" + field + "' not found in " + c.getName());
}

static Field get_findField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  Class _c = c;
  do {
    for (Field f : _c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field))
        return f;
    _c = _c.getSuperclass();
  } while (_c != null);
  throw new RuntimeException("Field '" + field + "' not found in " + c.getName());
}

static Class __javax;

static Class getJavaX() {
  return __javax;
}

static String[] toStringArray(List<String> list) {
  return list.toArray(new String[list.size()]);
}

static String[] toStringArray(Object o) {
  if (o instanceof String[])
    return (String[]) o;
  else if (o instanceof List)
    return toStringArray((List<String>) o);
  else
    throw fail("Not a list or array: " + structure(o));
}


static String sendToLocalBot(String bot, String text, Object... args) {
  text = format3(text, args);
  
  DialogIO channel = findBot(bot);
  if (channel == null)
    fail(quote(bot) + " not found");
  try {
    channel.readLine();
    print(bot + "> " + shorten(text, 80));
    channel.sendLine(text);
    String s = channel.readLine();
    print(bot + "< " + shorten(s, 80));
    return s;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    return null;
  } finally {
    channel.close();
  }
}

static String sendToLocalBot(int port, String text, Object... args) {
  text = format3(text, args);
  DialogIO channel = talkTo(port);
  try {
    channel.readLine();
    print(port + "> " + shorten(text, 80));
    channel.sendLine(text);
    String s = channel.readLine();
    print(port + "< " + shorten(s, 80));
    return s;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    return null;
  } finally {
    if (channel != null)
      channel.close();
  }
}

// works on lists and strings and null

static int indexOfIgnoreCase(Object a, Object b) {
  if (a == null) return -1;
  if (a instanceof String) {
     Matcher m = Pattern.compile((String) b, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE + Pattern.LITERAL).matcher((String) a);
     if (m.find()) return m.start(); else return -1;
  }
  if (a instanceof List) {
    for (int i = 0; i < ((List) a).size(); i++) {
      Object o = ((List) a).get(i);
      if (o != null && ((String) o).equalsIgnoreCase((String) b))
        return i;
    }
    return -1;
  }
  throw fail("Unknown type: " + a);
}

static boolean startsWithIgnoreCase(String a, String b) {
  return a != null && a.regionMatches(true, 0, b, 0, b.length());
}

static String md5(String text) { try {
 
  if (text == null) return "-";
  return bytesToHex(md5_impl(text.getBytes("UTF-8"))); // maybe different than the way PHP does it...

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

static String md5(byte[] data) {
  return bytesToHex(md5_impl(data));
}

static byte[] md5_impl(byte[] data) {
 try {
  return MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5").digest(data);
 } catch (Exception e) { throw e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) e : new RuntimeException(e); }
}

static String md5(File file) { try {
 
  return md5(loadBinaryFile(file));

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

static Class run(String progID) {
  Class main = hotwire(progID);
  callMain(main);
  return main;
}

static boolean empty(Collection c) {
  return isEmpty(c);
}

static boolean empty(String s) {
  return isEmpty(s);
}

static boolean empty(Map map) {
  return map == null || map.isEmpty();
}

static String firstPartOfHelloString(String s) {
  int i = s.lastIndexOf('/');
  return i < 0 ? s : rtrim(s.substring(0, i));
}

static boolean isInteger(String s) {
  return s != null && Pattern.matches("\\-?\\d+", s);
}

// extended over Class.isInstance() to handle primitive types
static boolean isInstanceX(Class type, Object arg) {
  if (type == boolean.class) return arg instanceof Boolean;
  if (type == int.class) return arg instanceof Integer;
  if (type == long.class) return arg instanceof Long;
  if (type == float.class) return arg instanceof Float;
  if (type == short.class) return arg instanceof Short;
  if (type == char.class) return arg instanceof Character;
  if (type == byte.class) return arg instanceof Byte;
  if (type == double.class) return arg instanceof Double;
  return type.isInstance(arg);
}

static <A> A last(List<A> l) {
  return l.isEmpty() ? null : l.get(l.size()-1);
}

static List<Object> getMultiPorts() {
  return (List) call(getJavaX(), "getMultiPorts");
}

static String emptyToNull(String s) {
  return eq(s, "") ? null : s;
}

 static String getSnippetFromBossBot(long snippetID) {
    return boss(format3("get text for *", snippetID));
  }
  

  /** writes safely (to temp file, then rename) */
  public static void saveTextFile(String fileName, String contents) throws IOException {
    File file = new File(fileName);
    File parentFile = file.getParentFile();
    if (parentFile != null)
      parentFile.mkdirs();
    String tempFileName = fileName + "_temp";
    if (contents != null) {
      FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(tempFileName);
      OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(fileOutputStream, "UTF-8");
      PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(outputStreamWriter);
      printWriter.print(contents);
      printWriter.close();
    }
    
    if (file.exists() && !file.delete())
      throw new IOException("Can't delete " + fileName);

    if (contents != null)
      if (!new File(tempFileName).renameTo(file))
        throw new IOException("Can't rename " + tempFileName + " to " + fileName);
  }
  
  public static void saveTextFile(File fileName, String contents) {
    try {
      saveTextFile(fileName.getPath(), contents);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }


  static Object callOpt(Object o, String method, Object... args) {
    try {
      if (o == null) return null;
      if (o instanceof Class) {
        Method m = callOpt_findStaticMethod((Class) o, method, args, false);
        if (m == null) return null;
        m.setAccessible(true);
        return m.invoke(null, args);
      } else {
        Method m = callOpt_findMethod(o, method, args, false);
        if (m == null) return null;
        m.setAccessible(true);
        return m.invoke(o, args);
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

  static Method callOpt_findStaticMethod(Class c, String method, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    Class _c = c;
    while (c != null) {
      for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods()) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Checking method " + m.getName() + " with " + m.getParameterTypes().length + " parameters");;
        if (!m.getName().equals(method)) {
          if (debug) System.out.println("Method name mismatch: " + method);
          continue;
        }

        if ((m.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0 || !callOpt_checkArgs(m, args, debug))
          continue;

        return m;
      }
      c = c.getSuperclass();
    }
    return null;
  }

  static Method callOpt_findMethod(Object o, String method, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    Class c = o.getClass();
    while (c != null) {
      for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods()) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Checking method " + m.getName() + " with " + m.getParameterTypes().length + " parameters");;
        if (m.getName().equals(method) && callOpt_checkArgs(m, args, debug))
          return m;
      }
      c = c.getSuperclass();
    }
    return null;
  }

  private static boolean callOpt_checkArgs(Method m, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    Class<?>[] types = m.getParameterTypes();
    if (types.length != args.length) {
      if (debug)
        System.out.println("Bad parameter length: " + args.length + " vs " + types.length);
      return false;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++)
      if (!(args[i] == null || isInstanceX(types[i], args[i]))) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Bad parameter " + i + ": " + args[i] + " vs " + types[i]);
        return false;
      }
    return true;
  }



static List emptyList() {
  return Collections.emptyList();
}

static <A> List<A> synchroList() {
  return Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<A>());
}

static <A> List<A> synchroList(List<A> l) {
  return Collections.synchronizedList(l);
}


  public static String loadTextFile(String fileName) {
    try {
      return loadTextFile(fileName, null);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }
  
  public static String loadTextFile(String fileName, String defaultContents) throws IOException {
    if (!new File(fileName).exists())
      return defaultContents;

    FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(fileName);
    InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(fileInputStream, "UTF-8");
    return loadTextFile(inputStreamReader);
  }
  
  public static String loadTextFile(File fileName) {
    try {
      return loadTextFile(fileName, null);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

  public static String loadTextFile(File fileName, String defaultContents) throws IOException {
    try {
      return loadTextFile(fileName.getPath(), defaultContents);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }
  
  public static String loadTextFile(Reader reader) throws IOException {
    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
    try {
      char[] buffer = new char[1024];
      int n;
      while (-1 != (n = reader.read(buffer)))
        builder.append(buffer, 0, n);
        
    } finally {
      reader.close();
    }
    return builder.toString();
  }

static <A> A or(A a, A b) {
  return a != null ? a : b;
}

static String makeRandomID(int length) {
  Random random = new Random();
  char[] id = new char[length];
  for (int i = 0; i < id.length; i++)
    id[i] = (char) ((int) 'a' + random.nextInt(26));
  return new String(id);
}

static void startBotSeparateVM(String botName, String scriptID) {
  DialogIO bot = findBot(botName);
  if (bot != null)
    bot.close();
  else {
    print("Bot " + quote(botName) + " not found. Starting separately: " + scriptID);
    nohupJavax(scriptID);
    waitForBotStartUp(botName);
  }
}

static int parseInt(String s) {
  return Integer.parseInt(s);
}

static List<String> nlTok(String s) {
  return javaTokPlusPeriod(s);
}

// start multi-port if none exists in current VM.
static void startMultiPort() {
  if (getMultiPorts().isEmpty())
    callMain(hotwire("#1001672"));
}

// currently finds only inner classes of class "main"
// returns null on not found
// this is the simple version that is not case-tolerant
static Class findClass(String name) {
  try {
    return Class.forName("main$" + name);
  } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
    return null;
  }
}

 static String boss(String line) {
    try {
      //S s = sendToLocalBotOpt("Boss Bot", line);
      DialogIO io = talkTo(4990); // Boss Bot port
      io.readLine();
      io.sendLine(line);
      String s = io.readLine();
      Matches m = new Matches();
      if (match3("text: *", s, m))
        return unquote(m.m[0]);
      return null;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      //e.printStackTrace();
      return null;
    }
  }

static boolean isLongConstant(String s) {
  if (!s.endsWith("L")) return false;
  s = s.substring(0, l(s)-1);
  return isInteger(s);
}

static void nohupJavax(String javaxargs) {
  nohupJavax(javaxargs, "");
}

// vm args are ignored if pre-spun VM found...
static void nohupJavax(String javaxargs, String vmArgs) {
  javaxargs = javaxargs.trim();
  if (javaxargs.startsWith("#")) javaxargs = javaxargs.substring(1);
  String snippetID = javaTok(javaxargs).get(1);
  int idx = javaxargs.indexOf(' ');
  String args = idx < 0 ? "" : javaxargs.substring(idx+1).trim();
  
  String line;
  if (args.length() != 0)
    line = format3("please start program * with arguments *", snippetID, args);
  else
    line = format3("please start program *", snippetID);
  String answer = sendToLocalBotOpt("A pre-spun VM.", line);
  if (match3("ok", answer)) {
    print("OK, used pre-spun VM.");
  } else {
    if (answer != null)
      print("> " + answer);
    print("Using standard nohup.");
    classicNohupJavax(javaxargs, vmArgs);
  }
}

static int l(Object[] array) {
  return array == null ? 0 : array.length;
}

static int l(byte[] array) {
  return array == null ? 0 : array.length;
}

static int l(int[] array) {
  return array == null ? 0 : array.length;
}

static int l(char[] array) {
  return array == null ? 0 : array.length;
}

static int l(Collection c) {
  return c == null ? 0 : c.size();
}

static int l(Map m) {
  return m == null ? 0 : m.size();
}

static int l(String s) {
  return s == null ? 0 : s.length();
} 



static void callMain(Object c, String... args) {
  callOpt(c, "main", new Object[] {args});
}

  public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
    return bytesToHex(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
  }

  public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes, int ofs, int len) {
    StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(len*2);
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      String s = "0" + Integer.toHexString(bytes[ofs+i]);
      stringBuilder.append(s.substring(s.length()-2, s.length()));
    }
    return stringBuilder.toString();
  }


static Object nuObject(Class c, Object... args) { try {
 
  Constructor m = nuObject_findConstructor(c, args);
  m.setAccessible(true);
  return m.newInstance(args);

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

static Constructor nuObject_findConstructor(Class c, Object... args) {
  for (Constructor m : c.getDeclaredConstructors()) {
    if (!nuObject_checkArgs(m.getParameterTypes(), args, false))
      continue;
    return m;
  }
  throw new RuntimeException("Constructor with " + args.length + " matching parameter(s) not found in " + c.getName());
}

 static boolean nuObject_checkArgs(Class[] types, Object[] args, boolean debug) {
    if (types.length != args.length) {
      if (debug)
        System.out.println("Bad parameter length: " + args.length + " vs " + types.length);
      return false;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++)
      if (!(args[i] == null || isInstanceX(types[i], args[i]))) {
        if (debug)
          System.out.println("Bad parameter " + i + ": " + args[i] + " vs " + types[i]);
        return false;
      }
    return true;
  }

static double parseDouble(String s) {
  return Double.parseDouble(s);
}

  // compile JavaX source, load classes & return main class
  // src can be a snippet ID or actual source code
  // TODO: record injection?
  
  static Class<?> hotwire(String src) {
    try {
      Class j = getJavaX();
      
      synchronized(j) { // hopefully this goes well...
        List<File> libraries = new ArrayList<File>();
        File srcDir = (File) call(j, "transpileMain", src, libraries);
        if (srcDir == null)
          fail("transpileMain returned null (src=" + quote(src) + ")");
        
        Object androidContext = get(j, "androidContext");
        if (androidContext != null)
          return (Class) call(j, "loadx2android", srcDir, src);
          
        File classesDir = (File) call(j, "TempDirMaker_make");
        String javacOutput = (String) call(j, "compileJava", srcDir, libraries, classesDir);
        System.out.println(javacOutput);
        
        URL[] urls = new URL[libraries.size()+1];
        urls[0] = classesDir.toURI().toURL();
        for (int i = 0; i < libraries.size(); i++)
          urls[i+1] = libraries.get(i).toURI().toURL();
  
        // make class loader
        URLClassLoader classLoader = new URLClassLoader(urls);
    
        // load & return main class
        Class<?> theClass = classLoader.loadClass("main");
        
        callOpt(j, "registerSourceCode", theClass, loadTextFile(new File(srcDir, "main.java")));

        call(j, "setVars", theClass, isSnippetID(src) ? src: null);
        
        if (isSnippetID(src))
          callOpt(j, "addInstance", src, theClass);
  
        return theClass;
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) e : new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

static String dropSuffix(String suffix, String s) {
  return s.endsWith(suffix) ? s.substring(0, l(s)-l(suffix)) : s;
}

static boolean isEmpty(Collection c) {
  return c == null || c.isEmpty();
}

static boolean isEmpty(String s) {
  return s == null || s.length() == 0;
}

public static String rtrim(String s) {
  int i = s.length();
  while (i > 0 && " \t\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(i-1)) >= 0)
    --i;
  return i < s.length() ? s.substring(0, i) : s;
}

  static void setOpt(Object o, String field, Object value) {
    if (o instanceof Class) setOpt((Class) o, field, value);
    else try {
      Field f = setOpt_findField(o.getClass(), field);
      if (f != null)
        smartSet(f, o, value);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }
  
  static void setOpt(Class c, String field, Object value) {
    try {
      Field f = setOpt_findStaticField(c, field);
      if (f != null)
        smartSet(f, null, value);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }
  
  static Field setOpt_findField(Class<?> c, String field) {
    for (Field f : c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field))
        return f;
    return null;
  }
  
  static Field setOpt_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
    for (Field f : c.getDeclaredFields())
      if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
        return f;
    return null;
  }

public static byte[] loadBinaryFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
  if (!new File(fileName).exists())
    return null;

  FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(fileName);

  byte buf[] = new byte[1024];
  ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
  int l;
  while (true) {
    l = in.read(buf);
    if (l <= 0) break;
    out.write(buf, 0, l);
  }
  in.close();
  return out.toByteArray();
}

public static byte[] loadBinaryFile(File file) throws IOException {
  return loadBinaryFile(file.getPath());
}


static boolean isAndroid() { return System.getProperty("java.vendor").toLowerCase().indexOf("android") >= 0; }

static void classicNohupJavax(String javaxargs) {
  classicNohupJavax(javaxargs, "");
}

static void classicNohupJavax(String javaxargs, String vmArgs) { try {
 
  int x = latestInstalledJavaX();
  File xfile = new File(userHome(), ".javax/x" + Math.max(x, 30) + ".jar");
  if (!xfile.isFile()) {
    String url = "http://tinybrain.de/x30.jar";
    byte[] data = loadBinaryPage(url);
    if (data.length < 1000000)
      fail("Could not load " + url);
    saveBinaryFile(xfile.getPath(), data);
  }
  String jarPath = xfile.getPath();
  if (javaxargs.startsWith("#")) javaxargs = javaxargs.substring(1);
  nohup("java " + vmArgs + " -jar " + (isWindows() ? winQuote(jarPath) : bashQuote(jarPath)) + " " + javaxargs);

} catch (Throwable __e) { throw __e instanceof RuntimeException ? (RuntimeException) __e : new RuntimeException(__e); }}

  public static boolean isSnippetID(String s) {
    try {
      parseSnippetID(s);
      return true;
    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
      return false;
    }
  }

static void smartSet(Field f, Object o, Object value) throws Exception {
  f.setAccessible(true);
  
  // take care of common case (long to int)
  if (f.getType() == int.class && value instanceof Long)
    value = ((Long) value).intValue();
    
  f.set(o, value);
}

static String sendToLocalBotOpt(String bot, String text) {
  if (bot == null) return null;
  DialogIO channel = findBot(bot);
  if (channel == null) {
    print(quote(bot) + " not found, skipping send: " + quote(text));
    return null;
  }
  try {
    channel.readLine();
    print(bot + "> " + text);
    channel.sendLine(text);
    String s = channel.readLine();
    print(bot + "< " + s);
    return s;
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    return null;
  } finally {
    channel.close();
  }
}

public static boolean isWindows() {
  return System.getProperty("os.name").contains("Windows");
}

/** possibly improvable */
public static String bashQuote(String text) {
  if (text == null) return null;
  return "\"" + text
    .replace("\\", "\\\\")
    .replace("\"", "\\\"")
    .replace("\n", "\\n")
    .replace("\r", "\\r") + "\"";
}


/** possibly improvable */
public static String winQuote(String text) {
  if (text == null) return null;
  return "\"" + text
    .replace("\\", "\\\\")
    .replace("\"", "\\\"")
    .replace("\n", "\\n")
    .replace("\r", "\\r") + "\"";
}


static int latestInstalledJavaX() {
  File[] files = new File(userHome(), ".javax").listFiles();
  int v = 0;
  if (files != null) for (File f : files) {
    Matcher m = Pattern.compile("x(\\d\\d\\d?)\\.jar").matcher(f.getName());
    if (m.matches())
      v = Math.max(v, Integer.parseInt(m.group(1)));
  }
  return v;
}

  /** writes safely (to temp file, then rename) */
  public static void saveBinaryFile(String fileName, byte[] contents) throws IOException {
    File file = new File(fileName);
    File parentFile = file.getParentFile();
    if (parentFile != null)
      parentFile.mkdirs();
    String tempFileName = fileName + "_temp";
    FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(tempFileName);
    fileOutputStream.write(contents);
    fileOutputStream.close();
    if (file.exists() && !file.delete())
      throw new IOException("Can't delete " + fileName);

    if (!new File(tempFileName).renameTo(file))
      throw new IOException("Can't rename " + tempFileName + " to " + fileName);
  }

  static void saveBinaryFile(File fileName, byte[] contents) {
    try {
      saveBinaryFile(fileName.getPath(), contents);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

public static File nohup(String cmd) throws IOException {
  File outFile = File.createTempFile("nohup_" + nohup_sanitize(cmd), ".out");
  nohup(cmd, outFile, false);
  return outFile;
}

static String nohup_sanitize(String s) {
  return s.replaceAll("[^a-zA-Z0-9\\-_]", "");
}

/** outFile takes stdout and stderr. */
public static void nohup(String cmd, File outFile, boolean append) throws IOException {
  String command = nohup_makeNohupCommand(cmd, outFile, append);

  File scriptFile = File.createTempFile("_realnohup", isWindows() ? ".bat" : "");
  System.out.println("[Nohup] " + command);
  try {
    //System.out.println("[RealNohup] Script file: " + scriptFile.getPath());
    saveTextFile(scriptFile.getPath(), command);
    String[] command2;
    if (isWindows())
      command2 = new String[] {"cmd", "/c", "start", "/b", scriptFile.getPath() };
    else
      command2 = new String[] {"/bin/bash", scriptFile.getPath() };
      
    Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command2);
    try {
      process.waitFor();
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
    int value = process.exitValue();
    //System.out.println("exit value: " + value);
  } finally {
    if (!isWindows())
      scriptFile.delete();
  }
}

public static String nohup_makeNohupCommand(String cmd, File outFile, boolean append) {
  mkdirsForFile(outFile);

  String command;
  if (isWindows())
    command = cmd + (append ? " >>" : " >") + winQuote(outFile.getPath()) + " 2>&1";
  else
    command = "nohup " + cmd + (append ? " >>" : " >") + bashQuote(outFile.getPath()) + " 2>&1 &";
  return command;
}


static byte[] loadBinaryPage(String url) throws IOException {
  return loadBinaryPage(new URL(url).openConnection());
}

public static byte[] loadBinaryPage(URLConnection con) throws IOException {
  //setHeaders(con);
  ByteArrayOutputStream buf = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
  InputStream inputStream = con.getInputStream();
  int n = 0;
  while (true) {
    int ch = inputStream.read();
    if (ch < 0)
      break;
    buf.write(ch);
    if (++n % 100000 == 0)
      System.err.println("  " + n + " bytes loaded.");
  }
  inputStream.close();
  return buf.toByteArray();
}


public static void mkdirsForFile(File file) {
  File dir = file.getParentFile();
  if (dir != null) // is null if file is in current dir
    dir.mkdirs();
}


static String unq(String s) {
  return unquote(s);
}

static <A> ArrayList<A> asList(A[] a) {
  return new ArrayList<A>(Arrays.asList(a));
}

static ArrayList<Integer> asList(int[] a) {
  ArrayList<Integer> l = new ArrayList();
  for (int i : a) l.add(i);
  return l;
}

static <A> ArrayList<A> asList(Set<A> s) {
  return new ArrayList<A>(s);
}

static long startTiming_startTime;
static void startTiming() {
  startTiming_startTime = now();
}

static void stopTiming() {
  long end = now();
  print("Time: " + (end-startTiming_startTime) + " ms");
}

static String firstToUpper(String s) {
  if (s.length() == 0) return s;
  return Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(0)) + s.substring(1);
}
}