public static String loadTextFile(String fileName, String defaultContents) throws IOException {

    if (!new File(fileName).exists())

      return defaultContents;

    FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(fileName);

    InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(fileInputStream, "UTF-8");

    return loadTextFile(inputStreamReader);

  }

  public static String loadTextFile(Reader reader) throws IOException {

    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

    try {

      BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(reader);

      String line;

      while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null)

        builder.append(line).append('\n');

    } finally {

      reader.close();

    }

    return builder.length() == 0 ? "" : builder.substring(0, builder.length()-1);

  }