sS englishToConceptLanguage_xyz(S s, O preprocess) {
  assertNotNull("Input", s);
  s = postProcess(preprocess, s);
  Map<S, AIConcept> concepts = aiConceptsMap_cached();
  new Matches m;
  for (AIConcept c : values(concepts)) {
    if (empty(c.name)) {
      print("Warning, empty name: " + c.globalID);
      continue;
    }
    S name = postProcess(preprocess, c.name);
    L<S> tok = javaTokC(name);
    int iX = tok.indexOf("X");
    if (iX >= 0) {
      int iY = tok.indexOf("Y");
      if (iY >= 0) {
        S pat = formatXYZ(name, "*", "*");
        bool complicated = jfind(pat, "X Y");
        if (complicate ? jmatch(pat, s, m) : flexMatchIC(pat, s, m)) {
          assertEquals(name, 2, l(m.m));
          S a = englishToConceptLanguage_xyz_sub($1);
          S b = englishToConceptLanguage_xyz_sub($2);
          ret c.globalID + " " +
            (iX < iY ? a + " " + b : b + " " + a);
        }
      } else {
        S pat = formatXYZ(name, "*");
        if (flexMatchIC(pat, s, m)) {
          assertEquals(name, 1, l(m.m));
          S a = englishToConceptLanguage_xyz_sub($1);
          ret c.globalID + " " + a;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  null;
}

sS englishToConceptLanguage_xyz_sub(S s) {
  ret conceptQuote(or2(englishToConceptLanguage(s), s));
}