import java.util.*;
import java.util.zip.*;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;
import java.util.function.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.event.*;
import javax.swing.text.*;
import javax.swing.table.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.lang.ref.*;
import java.lang.management.*;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.spec.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
import javax.imageio.*;
import java.math.*;
class main {

static BufferedImage img_addBorder(BufferedImage img, Color color, int border) {
  int top = border, bottom = border, left = border, right = border;
  int w = img.getWidth(), h = img.getHeight();
  BufferedImage img2 = createBufferedImage(left+w+right, top+h+bottom, color);
  Graphics2D g = img2.createGraphics();
  g.drawImage(img, left, top, null);
  g.dispose();
  return img2;
}
static BufferedImage createBufferedImage(int w, int h, Color color) {
  return newBufferedImage(w, h, color);
}




// undefined color, seems to be all black in practice
static BufferedImage newBufferedImage(int w, int h) {
  return new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
}



static BufferedImage newBufferedImage(int w, int h, Color color) {
  BufferedImage img = newBufferedImage(w, h);
  Graphics2D g = img.createGraphics();
  g.setColor(or(color, Color.white));
  g.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
  return img;
}



static BufferedImage newBufferedImage(int w, int h, int[] pixels) {
  return intArrayToBufferedImage(pixels, w, h);
}




static <A> A or(A a, A b) {
  return a != null ? a : b;
}


// from: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14416107/int-array-to-bufferedimage
// pixels are RGB pixels
static BufferedImage intArrayToBufferedImage(int[] pixels, int w, int h) {
  int[] bitMasks = new int[]{0xFF0000, 0xFF00, 0xFF, 0xFF000000};
  SinglePixelPackedSampleModel sm = new SinglePixelPackedSampleModel(DataBuffer.TYPE_INT, w, h, bitMasks);
  DataBufferInt db = new DataBufferInt(pixels, pixels.length);
  WritableRaster wr = Raster.createWritableRaster(sm, db, new Point());
  return new BufferedImage(ColorModel.getRGBdefault(), wr, false, null);
}



}