import javax.imageio.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.util.regex.*;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.zip.*;
import java.util.*;

public class main {
  static class Concept {
    List<String> stringExamples = new ArrayList<String>();
    List<String> descriptions = new ArrayList<String>();
    boolean closed;
    
    void addStringExample(String s) {
      if (!stringExamples.contains(s)) // yes it's inefficient... who cares right now :))))))
        stringExamples.add(s);
    }
    
    void addDescription(String s) {
      if (!descriptions.contains(s))
        descriptions.add(s);
    }
  }
  
  static class Concepts {
    Map<String, Concept> map = new TreeMap<String, Concept>();
    
    Concept get(String s) {
      Concept c = map.get(s);
      if (c == null) map.put(s, c = new Concept());
      return c;
    }
  }
  
  static Concepts concepts = new Concepts();
  
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    List<String> sentences = toLinesFullTrim("\n\"0\" is a digit.\n\"1\" is a digit.\n\"2\" is a digit.\n\"3\" is a digit.\n\"4\" is a digit.\n\"5\" is a digit.\n\"6\" is a digit.\n\"7\" is a digit.\n\"8\" is a digit.\n\"9\" is a digit.\nThese are all the digits that exist.\nA number is a concatenation of digits.\n");

    List<String> questions = toLinesFullTrim("\nIs \"5\" a digit?\nIs \"your mama\" a digit?\n");
    
    for (String s : concat(sentences, questions)) {
      List<String> tok = javaTok(s);
      
      String[] bla = match("* is a *.", tok);
      if (bla != null && bla[0].startsWith("\"")) {
        print(bla[0] + " is a " + bla[1] + "!");
        concepts.get(bla[1]).addStringExample(unquote(bla[0]));
        continue;
      }
      
      bla = match("These are all the * that exist.", tok);
      if (bla != null) {
        String c = bla[0].replaceAll("s$", "");
        concepts.get(c).closed = true;
        print("Closed concept " + c + ".");
        continue;
      }
      
      bla = match2("A * is ... .", tok);
      if (bla != null) {
        String desc = joinrest(bla, 1);
        concepts.get(bla[0]).addDescription(desc);
        print(bla[0] + ": " + desc);
        continue;
      }
      
      // process questions on knowledge base
      
      bla = match2("Is * a *?", tok);
      if (bla != null) {
        print("? " + s);
        String answer = "Dunno.";
        Concept c = concepts.get(bla[1]);
        if (bla[0].startsWith("\"") && c.closed) {
          answer = c.stringExamples.contains(unquote(bla[0])) ? "Yes." : "No.";
        }
        print("! " + answer);
        continue;
      }
      
      print("Unknown line: " + s);
    }
    print("Number of concepts: " + concepts.map.size() + " (" + structure(concepts.map.keySet()) + ")");
  }
  
  static String[] match(String pattern, List<String> tok) {
    List<String> pat = javaTok(pattern);
    return match(pat, tok);
  }
  
  static String[] match(List<String> pat, List<String> tok) {
    List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
    if (pat.size() != tok.size()) return null;
    for (int i = 1; i < pat.size(); i += 2) {
      String p = pat.get(i), t = tok.get(i);
      if ("*".equals(p))
        result.add(t);
      else if (!p.equals(t))
        return null;
    }
    return result.toArray(new String[result.size()]);
  }
  
  /*
  static class LL {
    S head;
    LL rest;
  }
  
  static LL match2(L<S> pat, L<S> inp, int i, int j) {
    boolean debug = false;
    if (i+j-1 >= inp.size()) return null; // fail
    for (; j < pat.size(); j += 2) {
      String p = pat.get(j);
      if (debug)
        System.out.println("step " + p + " " + inp.get(i+j-1));
      if (p == "*") {
        // ok, consume
      } else if (p == "." && pat.get(j+2).equals(".") && pat.get(j+4).equals(".")) {
        LL bla = match2(pat, inp, i, j+6); // end ...
        if (bla != null) return bla;
        return match2(pat, inp, i+2, j); // continue ...
      } else {
        String found = inp.get(i + j - 1);
        if (!found.equals(p)
          return null; // fail
      }
    }
    return i+j-2;
  }*/
  
  static String[] match2(String pattern, List<String> tok) {
    List<String> pat = javaTokPlusPeriod(pattern);
    
    // standard case (no ...)
    int i = pat.indexOf("...");
    if (i < 0) return match(pat, tok);
    
    pat.set(i, "*");
    int expand = 0;
    while (pat.size() < tok.size()) {
      ++expand;
      pat.add(i, "*");
      pat.add(i+1, ""); // doesn't matter
    }
    
    return match(pat, tok);
  }
  
  static String joinrest(String[] bla, int i) {
    return join(" ", Arrays.asList(bla).subList(i, bla.length));
  }
  
  static List<String> concat(List<String> a, List<String> b) {
   List<String> l = new ArrayList<String>(a);
    l.addAll(b);
    return l;
  }

// javaTok extended with "..." token.

static List<String> javaTokPlusPeriod(String s) {
  List<String> tok = new ArrayList<String>();
  int l = s.length();
  
  int i = 0;
  while (i < l) {
    int j = i;
    char c; String cc;
    
    // scan for whitespace
    while (j < l) {
      c = s.charAt(j);
      cc = s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l));
      if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
        ++j;
      else if (cc.equals("/*")) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && !s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l)).equals("*/"));
        j = Math.min(j+2, l);
      } else if (cc.equals("//")) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && "\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) < 0);
      } else
        break;
    }
    
    tok.add(s.substring(i, j));
    i = j;
    if (i >= l) break;
    c = s.charAt(i); // cc is not needed in rest of loop body
    cc = s.substring(i, Math.min(i+2, l));

    // scan for non-whitespace
    if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
      char opener = c;
      ++j;
      while (j < l) {
        if (s.charAt(j) == opener) {
          ++j;
          break;
        } else if (s.charAt(j) == '\\' && j+1 < l)
          j += 2;
        else
          ++j;
      }
    } else if (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)));
    else if (Character.isDigit(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
    else if (cc.equals("[[")) {
      do ++j; while (j+1 < l && !s.substring(j, j+2).equals("]]"));
      j = Math.min(j+2, l);
    } else if (s.substring(j, Math.min(j+3, l)).equals("..."))
      j += 3;
    else
      ++j;

    tok.add(s.substring(i, j));
    i = j;
  }
  
  if ((tok.size() % 2) == 0) tok.add("");
  return tok;
}


// replacement for class JavaTok
// maybe incomplete, might want to add floating point numbers
// todo also: extended multi-line strings

static List<String> javaTok(String s) {
  List<String> tok = new ArrayList<String>();
  int l = s.length();
  
  int i = 0;
  while (i < l) {
    int j = i;
    char c; String cc;
    
    // scan for whitespace
    while (j < l) {
      c = s.charAt(j);
      cc = s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l));
      if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
        ++j;
      else if (cc.equals("/*")) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && !s.substring(j, Math.min(j+2, l)).equals("*/"));
        j = Math.min(j+2, l);
      } else if (cc.equals("//")) {
        do ++j; while (j < l && "\r\n".indexOf(s.charAt(j)) < 0);
      } else
        break;
    }
    
    tok.add(s.substring(i, j));
    i = j;
    if (i >= l) break;
    c = s.charAt(i); // cc is not needed in rest of loop body
    cc = s.substring(i, Math.min(i+2, l));

    // scan for non-whitespace
    if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
      char opener = c;
      ++j;
      while (j < l) {
        if (s.charAt(j) == opener) {
          ++j;
          break;
        } else if (s.charAt(j) == '\\' && j+1 < l)
          j += 2;
        else
          ++j;
      }
    } else if (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(s.charAt(j)));
    else if (Character.isDigit(c))
      do ++j; while (j < l && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j)));
    else if (cc.equals("[[")) {
      do ++j; while (j+1 < l && !s.substring(j, j+2).equals("]]"));
      j = Math.min(j+2, l);
    } else
      ++j;

    tok.add(s.substring(i, j));
    i = j;
  }
  
  if ((tok.size() % 2) == 0) tok.add("");
  return tok;
}


static void print() {
  System.out.println();
}

static void print(Object o) {
  System.out.println(o);
}

static void print(long i) {
  System.out.println(i);
}

static List<String> toLinesFullTrim(String s) {
  List<String> l = toLines(s);
  for (ListIterator<String> i = l.listIterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
    String line = i.next().trim();
    if (line.length() == 0)
      i.remove();
    else
      i.set(line);
  }
  return l;
}

  public static String unquote(String s) {
    if (s.startsWith("[")) {
      int i = 1;
      while (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '=') ++i;
      if (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '[') {
        String m = s.substring(1, i);
        if (s.endsWith("]" + m + "]"))
          return s.substring(i+1, s.length()-i-1);
      }
    }
    
    if (s.startsWith("\"") && s.endsWith("\"") && s.length() > 1) {
      String st = s.substring(1, s.length()-1);
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(st.length());
  
      for (int i = 0; i < st.length(); i++) {
        char ch = st.charAt(i);
        if (ch == '\\') {
          char nextChar = (i == st.length() - 1) ? '\\' : st
                  .charAt(i + 1);
          // Octal escape?
          if (nextChar >= '0' && nextChar <= '7') {
              String code = "" + nextChar;
              i++;
              if ((i < st.length() - 1) && st.charAt(i + 1) >= '0'
                      && st.charAt(i + 1) <= '7') {
                  code += st.charAt(i + 1);
                  i++;
                  if ((i < st.length() - 1) && st.charAt(i + 1) >= '0'
                          && st.charAt(i + 1) <= '7') {
                      code += st.charAt(i + 1);
                      i++;
                  }
              }
              sb.append((char) Integer.parseInt(code, 8));
              continue;
          }
          switch (nextChar) {
          case '\\':
              ch = '\\';
              break;
          case 'b':
              ch = '\b';
              break;
          case 'f':
              ch = '\f';
              break;
          case 'n':
              ch = '\n';
              break;
          case 'r':
              ch = '\r';
              break;
          case 't':
              ch = '\t';
              break;
          case '\"':
              ch = '\"';
              break;
          case '\'':
              ch = '\'';
              break;
          // Hex Unicode: u????
          case 'u':
              if (i >= st.length() - 5) {
                  ch = 'u';
                  break;
              }
              int code = Integer.parseInt(
                      "" + st.charAt(i + 2) + st.charAt(i + 3)
                              + st.charAt(i + 4) + st.charAt(i + 5), 16);
              sb.append(Character.toChars(code));
              i += 5;
              continue;
          }
          i++;
        }
        sb.append(ch);
      }
      return sb.toString();      
    } else
      return s; // return original
  }

  public static String join(String glue, Iterable<String> strings) {
    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
    Iterator<String> i = strings.iterator();
    if (i.hasNext()) {
      buf.append(i.next());
      while (i.hasNext())
        buf.append(glue).append(i.next());
    }
    return buf.toString();
  }
  
  public static String join(String glue, String[] strings) {
    return join(glue, Arrays.asList(strings));
  }


static Object get(Object o, String field) {
  if (o instanceof Class) return get((Class) o, field);
  try {
    Field f = get_findField(o.getClass(), field);
    f.setAccessible(true);
    return f.get(o);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static Object get(Class c, String field) {
  try {
    Field f = get_findStaticField(c, field);
    f.setAccessible(true);
    return f.get(null);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  }
}

static Field get_findStaticField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  for (Field f : c.getDeclaredFields())
    if (f.getName().equals(field) && (f.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
      return f;
  throw new RuntimeException("Static field '" + field + "' not found in " + c.getName());
}

static Field get_findField(Class<?> c, String field) {
  for (Field f : c.getDeclaredFields())
    if (f.getName().equals(field))
      return f;
  throw new RuntimeException("Field '" + field + "' not found in " + c.getName());
}

static String structure(Object o) {
  return structure(o, 0);
}
  
static String structure(Object o, int stringSizeLimit) {
  if (o == null) return "null";
  String name = o.getClass().getName();
  
  StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
  
  if (o instanceof Collection) {
    for (Object x : (Collection) o) {
      if (buf.length() != 0) buf.append(", ");
      buf.append(structure(x, stringSizeLimit));
    }
    return "{" + buf + "}";
  }
  
  if (o instanceof Map) {
    for (Object e : ((Map) o).entrySet()) {
      if (buf.length() != 0) buf.append(", ");
      buf.append(structure(((Map.Entry) e).getKey(), stringSizeLimit));
      buf.append("=");
      buf.append(structure(((Map.Entry) e).getValue(), stringSizeLimit));
    }
    return "{" + buf + "}";
  }
  
  if (o.getClass().isArray()) {
    int n = Array.getLength(o);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      if (buf.length() != 0) buf.append(", ");
      buf.append(structure(Array.get(o, i), stringSizeLimit));
    }
    return "{" + buf + "}";
  }

  if (o instanceof String)
    return quote(stringSizeLimit != 0 ? shorten((String) o, stringSizeLimit) : (String) o);
  
  // Need more cases? This should cover all library classes...
  if (name.startsWith("java.") || name.startsWith("javax."))
    return String.valueOf(o);
    
  String shortName = o.getClass().getName().replaceAll("^main\\$", "");

  // TODO: go to superclasses too
  Field[] fields = o.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
  int numFields = 0;
  String fieldName = "";
  for (Field field : fields) {
    if ((field.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) != 0)
      continue;
    Object value;
    try {
      value = field.get(o);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      value = "?";
    }
    
    fieldName = field.getName();
    
    // put special cases here...

    if (value != null) {
      if (buf.length() != 0) buf.append(", ");
      buf.append(fieldName + "=" + structure(value, stringSizeLimit));
    }
    ++numFields;
  }
  String b = buf.toString();
  if (numFields == 1)
    b = b.replaceAll("^" + fieldName + "=", ""); // drop field name if only one
  String s = shortName;
  if (buf.length() != 0)
    s += "(" + b + ")";
  return s;
}

 public static List<String> toLines(String s) {
    List<String> lines = new ArrayList<String>();
    int start = 0;
    while (true) {
      int i = toLines_nextLineBreak(s, start);
      if (i < 0) {
        if (s.length() > start) lines.add(s.substring(start));
        break;
      }

      lines.add(s.substring(start, i));
      if (s.charAt(i) == '\r' && i+1 < s.length() && s.charAt(i+1) == '\n')
        i += 2;
      else
        ++i;

      start = i;
    }
    return lines;
  }

  private static int toLines_nextLineBreak(String s, int start) {
    for (int i = start; i < s.length(); i++) {
      char c = s.charAt(i);
      if (c == '\r' || c == '\n')
        return i;
    }
    return -1;
  }

  public static String quote(String s) {
    if (s == null) return "null";
    return "\"" + s.replace("\\", "\\\\").replace("\"", "\\\"").replace("\r", "\\r").replace("\n", "\\n") + "\"";
  }

static String shorten(String s, int max) {
  return s.length() <= max ? s : s.substring(0, Math.min(s.length(), max)) + "...";
}
}